Chapter XVI: Introduction (15)

Is trom an nochd mo chumha féin, guilgeantach mo rian,
Smuaineachadh a chatha chruaidh, chuir mise ’us Cairbar claon-ruadh.
A mhic ’s a Chormaig shuinn, is mairg sin fhuaireadh fo a laimh,
Laoch gun ghràin cha do chuir, ann a dha laimh iuthaidh.
Labhairidh Baranta gu prap, cuimhnich Mucanais, cuimhnich fathasd,
Cuimhnich ’ur sinnsreadh, ’s ’ur linn, cuimhnich na cìsean
bhitheadh cruaidh,
Bha aca an Eirinn ri’r linn, gu ’n bhi ag iocadh do Mhac Cumhail.
Gu ’m b’fhearr tuiteam air a mhagh, sinn ’us an Fheinn le chéile,
No bhi air barr a mhaigh, bhi an Fheinn air a mhòr thir.
Chuir sinn ar comhairle chruaidh, sinn ’us an Fheinn ri aon uair,
Feuchainn an cuireadh gach òg aghach, ceangal air ...
An oidhche sin duinn gu lò, eadar mhnathan Fhiann ’s na Feinn og òl,
An la sin gu ’m bitheamaid muigh, ’g oillt air Chairbar ’na
liath-theach.
Chuir sinn sin Cath Ghabhra, ’us chuir gu fuathach, fuileach,
feargach,
Thuit an Fheinn bonn ri bonn, ’us feara uasal Eirinn.
Deich fichead agus fichead ceud, sgeul fior, ni abraim breug,
Gun robh sinte an la sin, air a mhagh gun anamain,
Dha uiread eile ’us sin bha ann, aig rìgh Eirinn, sgeul bu mho,
Gun robh sinte air an taobh eile, de uaislibh Eirinn airm-ghloin.
Chuir sinn ar teachdair saor, gu Fathacanain mac a Choin,
Rachad an teachdair o ar cinn, gu ard thulach Eirinn.
Ciod e sin a phlòdh a bhuail oirbh, ars’ an rìgh le meud a thoirm,
Is e mheud ’s a bha annaibhse d’an uabhar, sin a mhill na fir eile.
Ach innis duinn Oisiain fheile, ’n uair chuir thu gach
iorghuill treun,
An d’fhuair thu do mhac anns a chath, no an d’rug air ’ard labhradh.
Thainig mi an deigh cur an àir, os cionn mo mhic Osgair àigh,
Gun d’fhuair mise a sgiath ri làr, ’s ’s a lann ’n a dheas laimh;
Chuir mi bonn mo shleagh ri làr, ’us rinn mi os a chionn tàmh,
Phadruig, smuainich mise an sin, ciod a dheanainn ri mo shaoghal;
Gum b’e freagairt mo mhicse féin, ’n uair bha e an deireadh anamain,
“Fo ris na duilibh, thusa a bhi lathair, athar.”
Ach nior their mise a ghò, freagairt cha robh agam dhò,
Ach an d’ thainig Caoilte cain, thugamsa dh’ fheuchainn Osgair.
’N uair dh’ fheuch Caoilte gach cneadh air chòir, fhuair e gach
aon ni o dhòigh,
Fhuair e ’chorp creuchdach, glan, air a sgaradh le geur shleaghan;
Sleagh chrithinn a Chairbair ruaidh, an innibh Osgair, mo thruaighe!
Bha lamh Chaoilte gu uileann deas, ann an àite na sleagha,
Leud na coise bhàn air ’fholt, cha robh sin slàn ’n a chorp,
Ach an ruigeadh e ’bhonn làr, ach ’eudan ’n a h-aonar.
Mar bhuinne aimhne bha a shnuagh, no sruth reothairt bha ro luath,
Gun robh e ’cuir ’fhola dheth, ’am blaghaibh a luirich.
Thog sinn an t-Osgar suas, chunnacas tochdair mu ’r coinnimh,
Fionn mac Cumhail is e treunmhor, ’us e ’g imeachd feadh an
t-sloigh,
Ag iarraidh mo chorpsa ’s a chath, ’us corp Osgair an aird fhlatha,
Corp Chaoilte nach tinn, deagh mhic a pheathair ionmhuinn.
Chunnaic sinn nis Fionn, ’us e ’g imeachd feadh an t-sloigh,
Thog sinn ar sleagha os ar cionn, ’us ruith sinn uile ’n a
chomhdhail.
Bheannaich sinn an sin do Fhionn, ’us cha d’fhreagair esan sinn,
Ach ruith gu tulach nan treun, far am bith Osgar nan arm geur.
’N uair chunnaic an t-Osgar Fionn, ’us e tamuil os a chionn,
Thog e air an aghaidh aluinn, ’us bheannaich e d’a sheanair,
Beagan bu mhiosa thu na sin, an la Chab-an-eudainn,
Chiteadh na neoil troimh do shlios, ’us dh’fheudar do leigheas,
Rachad na coirean air luathainn, troimh do cholainn chraobh
uallaich,
D’fhuaigheal dh’ iarr thu le goid, nach d’rinneas air laoch romhad.
Mo leigheas cha-n ’eil aig fàil, nocha-n fhaighear e gu bràth,
Tuilleadh cha-n ’eil agaibh do ’m thoirbheirt, ach an t-sreangsa
do ’m ard labhradh,
Sleadh Charbair chràdh mo chridhe ’s gur i sgar mi o mo chairdibh,
Chuir e sleadh nan naoi slinn, eadar m’imleag ’us m’airnean,
Mo thruaighe sin! Osgair fhéile, ’s a dheagh mhic mo mhicse féin,
Bha sgaradh na sleagh o do dhruim, ’n am togail cìs o shliochd
mhòr Chuinn,
D’eisdeachd ri briathraibh Fhinn, an ainm an Osgair dhuinn,
Shin e uaith a dha laimh, ’us dhùn e an rosg bha ro mhall.
Thionndadh Fionn ruinn a chùl, ’us shil a dheura gu dlù;
An taobh muigh de Osgar ’us de Bhran, gun chaoineadh air
neach bh’air thalamh.
Cha chaoineadh duine a mhac féin, ’s cha chaoineadh e brathair
’n a dhèigh,
Bha sinn mar sin uile, ’s gach neach a caoineadh Osgair.
A mhain ach mi féin ’us Fionn, cha robh aon neach os a chionn,
Nach tug tri glaodhan mu’n uaigh, chuir clos air Eirinn ri aon uair.
D’éisdeachd ri beucaich nam fear, ’us sgreadail nan comh-mhilidh,
Ri faicinn an oig-fhir threin, ’us e ’n a luidh ’n a bhaoth-neul,
Ge b’e rìgh thigeadh an sin, gheibheadh e foide gun aoidh,
Gun fhuathach, gun umhladh, gun dail, gun achmhasan, gun iomadan.
O’n la chuir mi cath Ghabhra, gu dearbh mi gun trom labhradh,
’Us oidhche cha robh mi no lo, gun osnadh bha gu lionmhor.

T. M‘L.

ADDITIONAL NOTES.

(_Introduction_, p. XV.)

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IRISH AND SCOTCH GAELIC.

Dr. O’Donovan, in his Irish Grammar, gives a statement of these differences, which is somewhat meagre. He appears, however, to have had little knowledge of Scotch Gaelic, except what he gathered from Stewart’s Grammar; and this statement of the differences between the two dialects is taken almost _verbatim_ from a prior statement of them by P. M’Eligott, in the Transactions of the Gaelic Society, published in 1808, p. 15.

Dr. O’Donovan, in his account of grammars previously published, gives Stewart very just praise for the excellence of his Grammar; but throughout his own work he never loses an opportunity of carping at him, and is especially indignant at him for daring to state that the Scotch Gaelic wants the present tense of the verb, and very disingenuously quotes Shaw’s Grammar as a superior authority. He likewise attacks Stewart for not producing ancient MSS. to prove it, and for not seeing that the present tense is used by Bishop Carsewell, in 1564. Stewart, however, was not undertaking a grammar of the _ancient_ Scotch Gaelic, but of the dialect _then_ spoken by the people; and most unquestionably, in the spoken dialect of Stewart’s time, the present tense was not used. Dr. O’Donovan denies this fact, and even charges Stewart with dishonesty. His theory is, “that Stewart was induced to reject this tense, in order to establish a striking point of resemblance between the Erse and the Hebrew, which the Irish, supposed to be the mother tongue, had not,”--a most unworthy insinuation, and most unphilosophical, for O’Donovan ought to have known that the changes which take place in the structure of spoken languages proceed from organic laws which cannot be influenced or directed by grammarians. The will of any single man is powerless to alter the minutest particle in the language; and the fact that the inflected present tense is not used in Scotch Gaelic, is evident to any one acquainted with the language, or who has come in contact with those who speak it.

Dr. O’Donovan also finds fault with Stewart for expressing an opinion that, “as the Erse dialect has not the inflections in the termination of its verbs, which characterize the Irish, it is therefore more original than the Irish.” This is, no doubt, an erroneous view; and O’Donovan correctly states “that the mode of inflection, by varying the termination, is more ancient than the use of particles;” but he might have recollected that the contrary opinion was very generally held when Stewart wrote; that the sounder principles of philology, in this respect, were not known or understood till after the publication of his Grammar; and that he could not, with any candour, impute it to him as a fault that he had not anticipated the conclusions of a science which had, so to speak, been created subsequently to his time. That the same peculiarities existed in the language in the last century, is proved by the fact that the Gaelic colonists in Canada, who have been separated from the mother country since that period, speak a form of Scotch Gaelic precisely similar to that now spoken in the Highlands, and possessing all those dialectic peculiarities which distinguish it from Irish. Although the present tense of the verb is usually expressed by the auxiliary, the Highlanders also use the future tense to express the present.

The leading differences between Irish and Scotch Gaelic may be stated generally as follows:--

SOUNDS OF THE LANGUAGE.

1. The initial consonants are not affected to the same extent as in Irish and Welsh; and in pure Scotch Gaelic the eclipsis is unknown, except in the case of the letter _S_.

The following table will show their relative position in this respect:--

TABLE SHOWING THE CHANGE IN THE INITIAL CONSONANT IN
WELSH, IRISH, AND SCOTCH GAELIC.

+-------------+-------------------------------+
| Initial | WELSH. |
| Consonants. +----------+------------+-------+
| | Eclipsis | Aspiration | Nasal |
+-------------+----------+------------+-------+
| P | B | Ph | Mh |
| C | G | Ch | Ngh |
| T | D | Th | Nh |
| B | M | Bh or F | |
| G | NG | -- | |
| D | N | Dd or Dh | |
| Ll | | L | |
| M | | Mh or F | |
| Rh | | R | |
| F | | | |
| S | | | |
+-------------+----------+------------+-------+

+-------------+-------------------------+
| Initial | IRISH. |
| Consonants. +----------+--------------+
| | Eclipsis | Aspiration |
+-------------+----------+--------------+
| P | B | Ph |
| C | G | Ch |
| T | D | Th |
| B | M | Bh |
| G | NG | Gh |
| D | N | Dh |
| Ll | | L |
| M | | Mh |
| Rh | | R |
| F | Bh | Fh |
| S | T | Sh |
+-------------+----------+--------+-----+

+-------------+-------------------------+
| Initial | SCOTCH GAELIC. |
| Consonants. +----------+--------------+
| | Eclipsis | Aspiration |
+-------------+----------+--------------+
| P | W | Ph |
| C | a | Ch |
| T | n | Th |
| B | t | Bh |
| G | i | Gh |
| D | n | Dh |
| Ll | g | L |
| M | . | Mh |
| Rh | | R |
| F | | Fh |
| S | T | Sh |
+-------------+----------+--------------+

2. In Irish, words beginning with _A_ may take the digamma _F_, as _aill_, _faill_, a rock; _ata_, _fata_, a plain; _iolair_, _fiolair_, an eagle, etc. The digamma never appears in Scotch Gaelic.

3. The vowel sounds _O_ and _U_ in Irish, pass into _A_ in Scotch Gaelic; as, _oir_, Ir., _air_, Sc. G.; _og_, Ir., _ag_, Sc. G.; _ugadh_, Ir., _achadh_, Sc. G.; _chuaidh_, Ir., _chaidh_, Sc. G.

4. The vowel at the end of nouns in Irish, is dropped in Scotch Gaelic; as, _tigherna_, Ir., _tighearn_, Sc. G.

5. In the consonants the older form is often retained in Scotch Gaelic; thus, the initial _S_ in Irish, is often _D_ in Scotch Gaelic, which is the older form, as _suil_, Ir., _duil_, Sc. G.,--hope. _S_ is sometimes changed to _P_, as _siuthar_, Ir., _piuthar_, Sc. G.,--sister.

6. The accentuation in Scotch Gaelic in dissyllables is on the first syllable; in Irish, on the last.

GRAMMAR.

1. _Article._

The genitive plural before a labial is _nam_.

2. _Noun._

The nominative plural frequently ends like Welsh and Manx in _an_; as, _Slatan_, rods; _Maithean_, chiefs.

3. _Verbs._

The analytic form is alone used, there being no inflections for persons or numbers.

The Irish present is used as the future, and there is no present tense.[279]

The past-participle is invariably _te_ hard, and is not varied as in Irish.

There are no consuetudinary tenses.

[279] In the old form of the verb, in German, the present tense exercised likewise the function of the future.

4. _Adverb._

The negative is _Cha_, instead of _Ni_, in Irish.

VOCABULARY.

There is a considerable difference in the vocabulary words being now used in Irish, which are unknown in Scotch Gaelic, and _vice versa_, and a comparison of the lists of idiomatic phrases in Irish or Scotch Gaelic shows a very great difference in the mode of expressing familiar phrases.[280]

[280] Since this note was written, the writer has learned with great regret of the death of Dr. O’Donovan, and hesitated whether these strictures on some opinions in his able Irish Grammar ought to be retained, but justice to an equally able Scotch grammarian seemed to require them; and he may be allowed this opportunity of expressing his sincere admiration of the great learning and knowledge of that distinguished Irish scholar, and his sense of the loss which Celtic philology has sustained by his lamented death.

(_Introduction_, p. lxxxiv.)

The Welsh poem alluded to is contained in the Welsh Archæology, vol. i. p. 168. The text is, however, very corrupt. It has been translated by Mr. Stephen in the _Archæologia Cambrensis_, new Series, vol. ii. p. 150, who did not, however, see its real character, and very strangely supposes it to refer to the actions of Cuichelm, one of the West Saxon kings, who died in 636, and whom he identifies with the Chocholyn of the poem, while of Corroi, son of Dairy, he can give no account.

The poem is in reality an Ossianic poem referring to the death of Curoi, son of Daire, by Cuchullin, the celebrated Fenian hero of Ulster.

Keating gives the following account of the death of Curoi:--“The heroes of the red branch united to plunder an island near Alban, called Manann, where there was a great quantity of gold, silver, jewels, and many other valuable articles, and a lovely marriageable young lady, who surpassed all the women of her time in exquisite figure and beauty, the daughter of the governor of the island, and her name was Blanaid. When Curigh was informed that the heroes were setting out on this expedition, he transformed himself by magic into a disguised shape, and joined the party; but when they were on the point of plundering the island, disguised like jugglers, they judged that there would be great difficulty in taking the fortress in the island, in which were secured Blanaid and the valuable treasures of the whole island, on account of its strength and the number of men who defended it. Then Curigh, who was attired in a coarse grey habit, engaged, if he were to get his choice of the treasures, that he would himself take possession of the fort. Cuchullin promises this, and immediately they attacked the castle with the man in the grey habit at their head, who stopped the motion of an enchanted wheel that was placed at the castle gate, and let in all the troops, by whom the fortress was sacked, and Blanaid and all the treasure borne away. They then set out for Ireland, and arrived at Evan; and on dividing the treasure, the man in the grey habit demands his choice of the jewels, as was promised to him. ’You shall have it,’ says Cuchullin. ’Well, then,’ says he, ’Blanaid is the jewel I choose,’ ’Take your choice of all the jewels except Blanaid alone,’ replies Cuchullin. ’I will not exchange her,’ says Curigh, and thereupon he seeks to carry her off by force; and having surprised her unperceived, took her away concealed under an enchanted mask. When Cuchullin perceived that the lady was missing, he suspected that it was Curigh that stole her off, and pursued them directly to Munster, and overtook them at Sulchoid. The champions engage, and a brave and well-fought contest ensues; but at length Cuchullin was overcome by Curigh, who tied him neck and heels, and left him shackled like a captive, after cutting off his hair with his sword, and then carried away Blanaid into the west of Munster. Then, however, came up Laogh mac Riain of Gabhra, and unbound Cuchullin, and they set out for the north of Ulster, where they resided near the peaks of Boirche for the space of a year, without appearing in the Council of Ulster, until Cuchullin’s hair grew again; and at the expiration of the year, happening to be on the peaks of Boirche, he saw a great flight of birds coming on the sea to the north, and on their landing upon the shore, he pursues them, and by a feat called _Taveim_, killed one of them with his sling in every district he passed through, until the last of them fell at Sruv Bron, in the west of Munster. On his return from the west, he found Blanaid in solitude near the Finglass, in Kerry, where Curigh had a palace at that time. A conversation ensued between them, in which she declared to him that there was not on the face of the earth a man she loved more, and entreated him to come near Allhallow tide with an armed band, and carry her off with him by force; and that he might the more easily accomplish his design, she would take care that Curigh should, at that time, have but few soldiers or attendants. Cuchullin promises to come to her at the appointed time, and then takes his leave, and sets out for Ulster, and relates the adventure to Choncubar.

In the meantime Blanaid told Curigh that he ought to erect a palace for himself that should exceed all the royal palaces in the kingdom, and that he might do so by sending the Clanna Deaguid to gather and collect all the large upright stones in the kingdom to form this palace. Blanaid’s reason for this was, that the Clanna Deaguid might be dispersed in distant parts of Ireland, far from Curigh, at the time that Cuchullin should come to carry her off. Cuchullin, being informed that the Clanna Deaguid were scattered over the kingdom, sets out privately, and soon arrived at a wood near the seat of Curigh, and sends secretly to inform Blanaid of his arrival with a large body of troops along with him. She sends him word that she would steal Curigh’s sword; and then, as a sign of attack, that she would spill a large vessel of new milk that was in the house into the rivulet which flowed from the castle through the wood where Cuchullin was concealed. Having heard this, in a short time he perceived the stream white with the milk, when, sallying out, they forced into the palace, and slew Curigh, who was alone and unarmed, and took Blanaid away with them to Ulster.”

WELSH POEM.

MARWNAD CORROI MAB DAIRY.

Dy ffynhawn lydan dyleinw aches
Dyddaw dyhepcyr dybris dybrys
Marwnad Corroy am Cyffroes.

Ordyviwr garw ei anwydeu
A oedd mwy ei ddrwg nis mawr gigleu
Mab Dairy dalei lyw ar for deheu
Dathl oedd ei glod cyn noi adneu.

Dy ffynhawn lydan deleinw nonneu
Dyddaw dyhepcyr dybrys dybreu
Marwnad Corroy genhyf inheu.

Dy ffynhawn lydan dyleinw dyllyr
Dy saeth dychyrch draetb diwg dybyr
Gwr a werescyn mawr ei faranrhes.

(_Line wanting._)

A wedy mynaw myned trefydd
A ant wy ffres ffra wynyonydd
Tra fu vuddugre vore ddugrawr
Chwedleu amgwyddir o wir hyd law
Cyfranc Corroy a Chocholyn.

Lliaws eu terfysg am eu terfyn
Tarddei pen amwern gwerin goadd fwyn
Caer y su gulwydd ni gwydd ni gryn
Gwyn ai fyd yr enaid ui harobryn.

TRANSLATION.

THE DEATH-SONG OF CORROY, SON OF DAIRY.

I.
Thy large fountain fills the river,
Thy coming will make thy value of little worth,
The death-song of Corroy agitates me.

II.
If the warrior will come, rough his temper.
And his evil was greater than its renown was great,
To seize the son of Dairy, lord of the Southern Sea.
Celebrated was his praise before she was intrusted to him.

III.
Thy large fountain fills the stream.
Thy coming will cause saddling without haste.
The death-song of Corroi is with me now.

IV.
Thy large fountain fills the deep;
Thy arrows traverse the strand, not frowning or depressed.
The warrior conquers, great his rank of soldiers,

(_Line wanting._)

And after penetrating, enters the towns,
And ... the pure stream was promptly whitened.
Whilst the victorious one in the morning heaps carnage,
Tales will be known to me from the sky to earth,
Of the encounter of Corroi and Chocholyn.
Numerous their tumults about their borders,
Springs the chief o’er the surrounding mead of the
somewhat gentle wood.
A city there was, love--diffusing, not paling, not trembling.
Happy is he whose soul is rewarded.

The allusions in this poem are to Cuchullin’s expedition to attack Curroi, to Blanaid’s giving the signal by filling the stream with milk from a large vessel, and to the encounter between Curroi and Cuchullin, in which the former fell.

It may not be out of place to insert here a few stanzas of an old Manx historical poem, written between 1504 and 1522, to show the relation of the Manx orthography to the Welsh and to that of the Dean of the same age.

I.
Dy neaishtagh shin aghrish my skeayll
As dy ving lhielu ayns my chant
Myr share dy voddyms lesh my veeal,
Yinnin diu geill da ’n Ellan Sheeant.

II.
Quoi yn chied er ec row rieau ee
Ny kys eisht myr haghyr da
Ny kys hug Parick ayns Creestiaght
Ny kys myr haink ee gys Stanlaa.

III.
Manannan beg va Mac y Leirr,
Shen yn chied er ec row rieau ee,
Agh myr share oddyms cur my ner,
Cea row eh hene agh an chreestee.

TRANSLATION.

If you would listen to my story,
I will pronounce my chant
As best I can. I will with my mouth
Give you notice of the Holy Island;
Who he was that had it first,
And then what happened to him;
And how Patrick brought in Christianity,
And how it came to Stanley.
Manannan beg was son of Leirr,
He was the first that ever had it;
But as I can best conceive,
He himself was not a Christian.

_Poems_, p. 3.

This poem has a strong resemblance in its character and sentiment to the oldest poems in the Cymmrian dialect.

The oldest known poem in this dialect which has been preserved in its original orthography is a short poem of three stanzas, written in the Irish character in a parchment MS. at Cambridge, containing a paraphrase of the Gospels by Iuvencus, a Latin poet. The writing of this MS. is anterior to the year 700.

The poem is as follows:--

I.
Ni guorcosam nemheunaur henoid,
Mi telu nit gurmaur.
Mi am franc dam an calaur.

II.
Ni canu ni guardam ni cusam henoid,
Cet iben med nouel
Mi am franc dam an patel.

III.
Na mereit im nepleguenit henoid
Is diszur mi coueidid
Donn am riceur im guetid.

It is the song of a warrior mourning his fate and his solitude, and may be thus translated:--

Neither repose nor sleep for me this night,
My house is no longer great.
For me and my servant no caldron more,
No songs, no smiles, no kisses this night,
As when I drank the fortifying mead.
For me and my servant no goblet more,
No longer joy for me this night.
My supporter is discouraged;
No one aids me in my distress.

The Irish character, in which this poem is written, is of the eighth century, and Villemarqué has remarked upon its resemblance in sentiment and character to a poem of Llywarch Hen, a Cumbrian bard of the sixth or seventh century, whose poems are universally admitted to be genuine, the orthography of which is much more modern. The poem is in triplets, the first line also ending with “heno,” and a single stanza or two will show the resemblance:--

Y stafel Kyndylan nis esmwyth-heno
Ar benn karec Hydwyth
Heb ner, Heb nifer, Heb ammwyth.

Istafel kyndylan ys tywyll--heno
Heb dan, Heb gerddau
Dygystudd deurudd dagrau.

The following are a few of the verses:--

The hall of Kyndylan is not joyous this night,
On the top of the rock of Hydwyth,
Without its lord, without company, without feasts.
The hall of Kyndylan is gloomy this night,
Without fire, without songs,
Tears afflict the cheeks.

The poem, attributed to Ossian in the Dean’s MS., is of the same character:--

Long are the clouds this night above me;
The last was a long night to me.
This day, although I find it long,
Yesterday was longer still.

* * * * *

Long are the clouds this night above me.
No rising up to noble feats;
No mirthful sport as we would wish,
No swimming heroes on our lakes.
Long are the clouds this night above me, etc.

_Poem_, p. 4.

This is a well-known poem, termed Sliabh nam ban Fionn. A copy almost identic with this is published by the Ossianic Society of Dublin in their sixth volume, and a comparison of the first stanza with that of the Dean will show the relation the orthography of it bears to his:--

DEAN.
La zay deacha finn mo rayth
Di helg er sleyve ny ban finn
Tri meillith wathyon ny wayn
Ne zeaath skaow vass in ginn.

IRISH.
La da n-deachaidh Fionn na bhfiann
Do sheilg ar shliabh na m-ban fionn
Tri mhile do mhaithibh na bhfiann
Sul n-deachaidh grian os ar g-cionn.

It will be observed that the Irish eclipsis is only partially recognised by the Dean.

There is a copy of this poem in Kennedy’s Collection, p. 29.

The number of verses is the same, but some variation occurs in the reading of several of them.

Dr. Smith remarks, in the Highland Society’s Report, that an edition of this poem, under the title of La mor Seilg na Feinne, occurs in the oral recitations communicated by the Rev. Francis Stewart of Craignish, and another was written from memory by Archibald M’Callum.

_Poem_, p. 20.

The King of Sorcha is here opposed to the daughter of the King of the Tir fo thuinn, or land beneath the waves; and in this respect it resembles the Welsh poems, where the King of Annwn and his daughter play so great a part.

Sorcha is light, in opposition to Dorcha, dark; and there seems to be a poetic contrast between the kingdom of light and the kingdom under the waves.

Historically the land under the waves was the low-lying coast of Holland and Germany, extending from the Rhine to the Elbe.

Dr. Smith remarks that this poem differs little from Kennedy’s and other oral editions in the possession of the Society.

_Poem_, p. 26.

There is an edition of this poem in one of M’Vurich’s MSS. in the collection deposited in the Faculty Library. The language is more Irish than the Dean’s. The first verse may be given for the purpose of comparison:--

DEAN.
Sai la guss in dei
Oy nach vaga mai finn
Chanaka rem rai
Sai boo yar lym.

M’VURICH.
Se la gus an de
Nach faca me fionn
Ni fhaca re mo re
Se budh faide leam.

It will be observed that the Dean uses the Scotch negative _Cha_, while M’Vurich has the Irish _Ni_.

_Poem_, p. 30.

Dr. Smith states that this poem corresponds in a great measure with one taken down from oral recitation in Sutherland and another in Isla.

_Poems_, p. 35 and p. 48.

This poem is one of the editions of the Cath Gabhra, and, along with the poem by Feargus Filidh on the same subject, forms part of the long poem called Cath Gabhra, printed by the Ossianic Society of Dublin in their first volume.

In this poem it is said--

Eastward we sent ambassadors,
To Fatha of Conn’s great son,

Or more literally--

To Fatha, son of Maccon.

The expression east or eastward always refers to Alba or Scotland, in contradistinction to west, which was Sire, and the allusion here is to one of the mythic colonies from Ireland to Scotland.

In addition to the historic colony of Dalriada in the sixth century, the Irish historians record four colonies in prehistoric times.

These were--

1. Dalriads under Cairbre Riada, in the third century.

2. The Clanna Breogan, under the Fathads, sons of Lugad Mac Con, King of Ireland, in the third century, from whom the Campbells are said to be descended.

3. Eremonians, under Colla Uais, King of Ireland, in the fourth century, from whom the M’Donalds are said to be descended.

4. Eberians, under Cairbre Cruithnechan and Maine Leamhna, sons of Corc mac Lughadh, in the fourth century, from whom the Maormers of Marr and Lennox are said to be descended.

The second of these colonies, under Fatha Canann, is here connected with the legends of the Feinne.

Dr. Smith states that this poem agrees, with some variation in words and arrangement, with one transmitted by Mr. Maclagan from oral recital.

The poem on the battle of Gabhra, attributed to Fergus, is obviously the older piece, and some of the stanzas are the same with those in the Irish poems. It also refers to the Feinne of Britain and of Lochlan.

There is an edition of this poem in Kennedy’s Collection, p. 148; and another, taken down from recitation, was communicated to the Highland Society by Mr. Malcolm M’Donald.

The first stanza of this poem, with the corresponding stanza in the Irish poem, is given for the purpose of comparison:--

DEAN.
Innis donn a earris
Ille feynni errin
Kynis tarle zevin
In gath zawrych ni beymin.

IRISH.
Innis duinn a Oisin
Re h’anam Fhianna Eirionn
Cia agaibh ba threise
I g-cath Gabhra na m-beimionn.

It will be again observed that the eclipsis is only partially recognised. The Dean seems rarely to employ it in the genitive plural, where it is rigorously demanded by the rules of Irish grammar.

_Poem_, p. 50.

Dr. Smith remarks that this poem agrees very much with one got from Isla by recitation, and communicated to the Society by Robert Campbell, Esq., Advocate.

_Poem_, p. 54.

Dr. Smith states that this poem, on the death of Fraoch, differs very little from Mr. Jerome Stone’s edition, and still less from Mr. Gillies’ Collection, page 107.

_Poem_, p. 58.

Dr. Smith remarks that this poem nearly agrees with one in Kennedy’s Collection, p. 69. Some of the names are different, and the stanzas not all in the same order.

The same poem appears, with a few lines more or less, and a slight variation of words and arrangement, in one of the MSS. deposited in the Faculty Library; and two editions were communicated to the Highland Society taken down from oral recitation, one from an old man in Isla, the other from Donald M’Callum in Kilcalmonell, in Kintyre.

_Poem_, p. 72.

The idea which forms the subject of this poem is common to the Gael and the Welsh.

_Poem by Gilchrist Taylor_, p. 93.

This poem certainly refers to the taking of the murderers of James I., by Robert Reoch Duncanson of Strowan, and John Gorme Stewart of Garth. Robert Reoch bears on his seal two greyhounds, and on 15th August 1451 received a charter from James II. of the barony of Strowan “pro zelo, favore et amore quos gerimus erga dictum Robertum Duncanson pro captione iniquissimi proditoris quondam Roberti de Graham.”

John Gorme Stewart receives in the Exchequer Rolls a payment “pro arrestatione Roberti Grahame traditoris et suorum complicium.”

_Poem by John of Knoydart_, p. 99.

In the Annals of Ulster there is the following notice of the murder of Angus Og, son of John, Lord of the Isles:--

Aois Criost 1490, Mac mic Domnaill na h-Alpan,.i. Aengus, .i. nec da n-gairti an Tigerna Aacc do marbad a fill le ferted Erennac,.i. Diarmidt h-ua Cairpri, 7 a n Inhernis do marbad h-e. That is,--Year of Christ 1490, Angus, son of Macdonald of Scotland, who was called the young Lord, was murdered by his Irish harper, Dermed O’Cairbre, and at Inverness he was slain.

The Annals of Ulster are cotemporary authority for the event.

_Poem by Finlay M’Nab_, p. 125.

The Dougall, son of John, who is here reproached as a sluggard, and exhorted to write in the Book of Poems, was no doubt the Dean’s father, Dougall Johnson. It would appear from this that the taste for collecting Gaelic poetry was a family quality.

The genealogical poems relating to the M’Gregors, M’Dougalls, and M’Donalds, are curious, but it would be out of place to enter here upon the family history of these clans.

W. F. S.

INDEX.

NOTE.--The numerals refer to the Introduction; the common figures to the English Translation; and the ancient figures to the corresponding Original Gaelic.

TRANSCRIBER'S Notes.--The “common” figures referred to in the above note have been changed to BOLD, the “ancient” figures have been left in regular type. The “n” following some page references refers to a footnote on that page. Since all footnotes have been moved to collection areas, this would be meaningless. Therefore the number in square brackets following the “n” is the number of the footnote in this version.

Achilles, 33_n_[97].
Adomnan, lxxxi.
Adonis, 33_n_[97].
Advocates’ Library, Gaelic MSS. in, vii., xxxvi.
Aidh Finliath, 101_n_[165].
Aineach, =147=, 112, 113.
Alba or Alban, xxv., lxxv., =82=, 60, 61.
Albain, 8_n_[54], =63=, 44, 45, =65=, 44, 45, =75=, 54, 55,
=91=, 66, 67, =96=, 70, 71, =112=, 84, 85, =114=, 86, 87,
=149=, 114, 115.
Albanaich (Scottish Highlanders), xiii.
Alexander II., xxxiv., lxxx.
Alexander the Great, =110=, 84, 85.
Allan of Lorn, =119=, 90, 91.
Alleine’s Alarm, Gaelic version of, xl.
Allen, =8=, 6, 7.
Almhuin, 8_n_[54], =81=, 58, 59.
Almond, 54_n_[124], 84_n_[148].
Alve, =19=, 124, 125, =72=, 40, 41.
Alvin, =36=, 24, 25, =48=, 32, 33, =78=, 56, 57,
=80=, 56, 57, =91=, 66, 67.
Alpin, =6=, 6, 7, =40=, 26, 27, =138=, 106, 107.
Angus, =72=, 50, 51.
Angus, Earl of Moray, xxx.
Angus Og of Islay, 146_n_[258], 148_n_[265].
Antrim family, xxxv.
Anubis, 51_n_[116].
Aodh Ruadh, 20_n_[76].
Aoife, =59=, 40, 41.
Applecross, 22_n_[78].
Arcardan, lxxxi.
Ardchattan, 119_n_[189], 122_n_[195].
Ardgour, lxxxii.
Ardnamurchan, 21_n_[77].
Argathelia, xxxii., xxxiv.
Argyle, 43_n_[108], =135=, 104, 105, =148=, 112, 113.
Argyleshire, 54_n_[124].
Argyle, Archibald Earl of, 134_n_[223], 135_n_[227], =136=, 104, 105.
Argyle, Cailean Mòr, 137_n_[233].
Argyle, Colin Earl of, 127_n_[206], =136=, 104, 105.
Argyle, Neil of, 137_n_[233].
Argyle, Sir Archibald of, =136=, 104, 105.
Argyle, Sir Colin of, =136=, 104, 105.
Argyle, Sir Colin of, =137=, 104, 105.
Argyle, Sir Duncan of, =136=, 104, 105.
Argyle, Sween of, 127_n_[207].
Arile, 132_n_[215].
Armstrong, R. A., xiii.
Aros, 132_n_[215].
Arpluinn, 6_n_[50], 8_n_[54].
Arran, xxiv.
Art, =1=, 1, 2, 3_n_[45], =15=, 10, 11, 35_n_[102],
=36=, =50=, 34, 35, =62=, 42, 43, =65=, 44, 45.
Arthur, =139=, 106, 107.
Art O’Carby, 99_n_[161].
Athach, =55=, 38, 39.
Athole Stewarts, 95_n_[157].
Auchnacroftic, iv.
Authenticity of Ossian’s Poems, inquiry as to, vi., x., xlviii.-lxiii.
Authors, names of, in the Lismore Collection of Poems, xlvi., xlvii.,
xci.-xcvi.

Badenoch, 107_n_[174].
Badhairn, Mac, 20_n_[76].
Bala, =11=, 8, 9, =16=, 12, 13, =78=, 56, 57.
Ballad poetry, its influence upon literature, xxxvii.
Ballyshannon, 20_n_[76].
Balquhidder, =132=, 100, 101.
Banff; 37_n_[105].
Banners of the Feine, =79=, 56, 57.
Bannockburn, 7_n_[52].
Banva, =27=, 18, 19, 36_n_[105], =37=, 24, 25, =50=, 34, 35,
=88=, 64, 65, =114=, 86, 87, =119=, 90, 91,
=135=, 102, 103.
Barbour, the Scottish Poet, lxxix., =1=.
Bards of the Feinne, the three, lxxix.
Barra, 11_n_[59], =132=, 100, 101.
Barrin, =36=.
Baxter’s Call, Gaelic version of, xl.
Bayne, =16=, 12, 13.
Bealach, =115=, 86, 87.
Beatons, physicians in Mull, xxxvi., 148_n_[263].
Bede, xxvii., lxxii.
Bedel, William, xiii.
Bendoran, a poem, xli.
Ben Cruachan, 54_n_[124], 84_n_[148], 120_n_[121].
Ben Gulbin, lxxxi., =30=, 20, 21, =31=, =32=, 22, 23, =95=, 70, 71.
Ben Hi, 30_n_[91].
Ben Lomond, 134_n_[222].
Ben Nevis, 31_n_[92].
Beth, =16=, 12, 13.
Bible, first Gaelic, published, xl.;
standard edition of, xli.
Blair, Dr., xlviii.
Bleau, atlas of, xxiv.
Bloody Bay, 99_n_[161].
Boisgne, =12=, 8, 9, =14=, 10, 11, =19=, 12, 13, =41=, 26,
27, 43_n_[109], =84=, 62, 63.
Books, first printed, their influence on the language
and literature of the Highlands, xlii.
Book of Poems, =125=, 94, 95.
Boquhan, 143_n_[250].
Borrin, =11=, 8, 9, =16=, 12, 13, =78=, 56, 57.
Boyne, =127=, 96, 97.
Bran, =6=, 4, 5, =15=, 12, 13, =83=, 60, 61.
Brassil, =16=, 12, 13.
Breadalbane, 116_n_[187], =132=, 100, 101.
Breatan, lxxv.-lxxvii.
Bregia, 26_n_[86].
Brian, =105=, 78, 79.
Bridge of Turk, 31_n_[94].
Britain, 21_n_[77], =49=, 34, 35.
Britons, 139_n_[241].
Brooke, Miss, lviii., lxxvii., 22_n_[79], 26_n_[85].
Bruce, King Robert, =1=, 7_n_[52].
Buadhamair, =63=, 42, 43.
Bun Datreor, =80=, 58, 59.
Burns, Robert, xxxviii.

Cæsar, 11_n_[59], 21_n_[77], 32_n_[95], 35_n_[102].
Cahir, 63_n_[134].
Cainle, lxxxi.
Cairbar, =10=, 8, 9, =35=, 24, 25, =36=, =39=, 26, 27,
=49=, 34, 35, =59=, 40, 41, =64=, 44, 45.
Cairn Fraoich, =54=, 36, 37.
Cairn Laimh, 54_n_[124], =57=, 38, 39.
Caistealan na Feine, ii.
Caithness, 42_n_[107].
Calliden, =60=, 42, 43.
Calphurnius, lxxxix., 6_n_[50].
Calvin, Catechism of, xxxix.
Camerons, =132=, 100, 101.
Campbells of Glenurchy, iii., iv.
Campbell, Mr. J. F., 11_n_[59].
Campbell, Sir Duncan, 116_n_[187].
Caol, =84=, 60, 61, =85=, 62, 63.
Caoilte, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 12, 13, =16=, =17=, =39=, 24,
5, =48=, 32, 33, =64=, 44, 45, =65=, =72=, 50, 51,
=72=, =75=, 52, 53, =77=, 56, 57, =88=, 64, 65.
Caoilte MacRonan, lxiv., =62=, 42, 43.
Carn Vallar, =80=, 58, 59, =142=, 108, 109.
Carroll, =9=, 6, 7, =17=, 12, 13, =75=, 54, 55, =82=, 60, 61.
Cas a choin, =80=, 58, 59.
Cashel, 100_n_[163].
Castle Sween, 126_n_[201], 127_n_[206], =151=, 116, 117.
Cath Finntragha, lxxxii.
Cathal Crodhearg, 157_n_[278].
Catheads, =80=, 56, 57.
Cattanachs, =132=, 100, 101.
Ceall, =78=, 56, 57.
Ceard, =85=, 62, 63.
Celts, 21_n_[77], 22_n_[80], 31_n_[94], 32_n_[95],
34_n_[100], 51_n_[116], 85_n_[149].
Chesthill, pass of, i.
Ciaran, St., 135_n_[225].
Clan Campbell, 31_n_[93], 87_n_[150].
Clan Donald, =96=, 70, 71, =132=, 100, 101.
Clan Dougall, =121=, 92, 93, =123=, =132=, 100, 101.
Clan Gregor, =132=, 100, 101, =141=, 108, 109.
Clan Lamond, =132=, 100, 101.
Clan Lauchlan, =132=, 100, 101.
Clan Leod, =132=, 100, 101.
Clan Ranald, =132=, 100, 101, 157_n_[278].
Clann Deaghaidh, 50_n_[114], =51=, 34, 35.
Clanna Breogan, lxxii.
Clergy from Northumberland introduced among the
Cruithne of Scotland, xxvii.
Clergy, Scottish, from Iona, influence of, on the condition
and language of the population, xxv., xxvi.
Clonfert, Bishop of, lviii.
Clonmel, 4_n_[47].
Cnokandurd, =16=, 12, 13.
Cnucha, 89_n_[152], 91_n_[154].
Colin, Earl of Ergile, 119_n_[190].
Coll, =9=, 6, 7, =89=, 64, 65.
Colleges of poetry and writing in Ireland, xxxvi., xxxvii.
Colonsay, xxiv., =132=, 100, 101.
Columba, St., xxv., xxx., 37_n_[104], =144=, 110, 111.
Comyn, Michael, lxii.
Conall Gulbin, 30_n_[92].
Conan, =16=, 10, 11, =18=, =124=, =125=, =71=, 50, 51,
=72=, =81=, 58, 59, =83=, 60, 61, =85=, 62, 63.
Conlaoch, lxxvii., lxxxvi., =51=, 34, 35, =53=, 36, 37, 89_n_[152].
Conn, =10=, 8, 9, =35=, 24, 25, =36=, =101=, 74, 75, =121=, 92, 93,
=139=, 106, 107, =141=, 108, 109.
Conn of the hundred battles, 121_n_[193].
Connal Cearnach M’Edirskeol, =58=, 40, 41, =59=, =61=, 42, 43.
Connal Ferry, =120=, 92, 93, =123=, 94, 95.
Connaught, 12_n_[61], 157_n_[278].
Connor, =50=, 34, 35, =52=, 36, 37.
Controversy, Ossianic, sketch of the, xlviii.-lxiii.
Conull Mac Scanlan, =98=, 72, 73.
Corc, =9=, 6, 7.
Cormac, =35=, 24, 25, =62=, 42, 43, =64=, 44, 45, =65=, 130_n_[213].
Cowall, xxxii., xxxiv.
Craignish, =133=, 102, 103.
Crinan, 153_n_[274].
Crithear, Conn, =10=, 8, 9.
Cromchin, =16=, 12, 13.
Cromgleann nan Clach, ii.
Crom nan carn =76=, 54, 55.
Cronwoyn, =78=, 56, 57.
Crooin, =15=, 12, 13.
Cruachan, =54=, 36, 37, =120=, 90, 91, =122=, 92, 93.
Cruinchan, =78=, 56, 57.
Cruith, =61=, 42, 43.
Cruithne, the race so called, xxiii., xxvi.;
the Scottish Cruithne become united to the Scots, xxvii.
Cu, =51=, 34, 35, =52=, =53=, =61=, 42, 43, =90=, 66, 67,
=130=, 98, 99.
Cuailgne, =14=, 10, 11.
Cuan, =139=, 106, 107.
Cuchullin, lxxx., 51_n_[116], =52=, 36, 37, =53=, =58=, 40, 41,
59_n_[129], =88=, 64, 65, 89_n_[153], =110=, 82, 83,
=130=, 98, 99, =134=, 102, 103.
Cuilt, =60=, 40, 41.
Cuireach, 62_n_[133].
Cullin, 51_n_[116], =60=, 40, 41.
Cumhal, =9=, 6, 7, =14=, 10, 11, =21=, 14, 15, =29=, 18, 19,
=48=, 32, 33, =75=, 52, 53, =81=, 58, 59, =87=, 64, 65,
=91=, 66, 67, =133=, 102, 103, =142=, 108, 109.
Cunlad, =60=, 40, 41.
Curcheoil, =134=, 102, 103.
Curoi, death-song of, lxxxiii.

Daire, =86=, 62, 63.
Daire borb, 20_n_[75], 22_n_[81].
Daire donn, lxxxii., 7_n_[51], =10=, 8, 9, =11=, =12=.
Daithein Dian, =78=, 56, 57.
Dalcassians, 50_n_[114].
Dalriada, settlement of, among the Cruithne of Ulster, xxiii.;
settlement of the tribe of Dalriadic Scots in Argyle, etc., xxiv.;
Scotch and Irish, xxvi.
Darthula, tale of, lix., lxxxvii.
David the First, xxx.
Dearg, =70=, 50, 51, 72_n_[138].
Deirdre, prose tale of, lix., lx.
Denmark, 135_n_[226].
Dermin, =9=, 6, 7.
Dervail, =143=, 108, 109.
Desmond, 105_n_[172].
Dewar, 7_n_[52].
Deyroclych (Daoroglach), vi., =161=, 126, 127.
Dialects of the Celtic languages, viii., xii.;
illustrated by English and its dialects, ix., x.;
affected by etymological and phonetic influences, xviii.-xx.;
illustrated by English and German, xxi.;
variations in Irish dialect, xxv.
Diarmad, =15=, 10, 11, 30_n_[90], 31_n_[92], =33=, 22, 23,
=34=, =73=, 50, 51, =81=, 58, 59, =86=, 62, 63.
Diarmad O’Cairbre, =99=, 72, 73.
Dogheads, =80=, 56, 57.
Dollir, =11=, 8, 9.
Donald, Clan, =96=, 70, 71.
Donegal, 20_n_[76], 101_n_[165].
Dougall, Clan; _see_ Clan Dougall.
Dougall the Bald, ii., iii., vi.
Doveran, =9=, 6, 7.
Drealluinn, 21_n_[77].
Druid, 26_n_[86].
Druimfhionn, ii.
Drum Cleive, =77=, 54, 55.
Drummond, Dr., lix.
Dublin Gaelic Society, lviii., lx.
Dublin Ossianic Society, lx.
Dumbartonshire, 93_n_[155].
Dunbreatan, lxxv., lxxxiv.
Dun Dobhran, =77=, 54, 55.
Dun Reillin, =78=, 56, 57.
Dun Sween, =127=, 96, 97.
Dunanoir, =127=, 96, 97.
Duncan Carrach, =119=, 90, 91.
Duncan Mòr, =93=, 68, 69.
Duncan Og Albanach, =155=, 118, 119, 155_n_[277].
Duncan the Servitor, vi.
Dundalgin, lxxx., =51=, 34, 35, =53=, 36, 37, =88=, 64, 65.
Dundeardhuil, lxxxi.
Dunolly, =108=, =82=, =84=, 119_n_[188], =122=, 92, 93.
Dunscaich, =51=, 34, 35.
Dunseivlin, =112=, 84, 85.
Dunvegan, 140_n_[244].
Dyrin, =9=, 6, 7, =89=, 64, 65.
Dysart, 114_n_[185].

Earl Gerald, =105=, 78, 79.
Earla, =132=, 100, 101.
Eassroy, lxxxii.
_See_ Essaroy.
Eigg, 110_n_[178].
Eire, =77=, 54, 55, =80=, 56, 57.
Elga, 36_n_[104].
Emania, the seat of the Cruthnian kingdom in Ireland,
xxiii., 35_n_[102].
England, 8_n_[53], 49_n_[112], 75_n_[139].
Ere, 36_n_[104].
Erin, =10=, 8, 9, =12=, =19=, 124, 125, =37=, 24, 25,
=49=, 34, 35, =63=, 42, 43, =65=, 44, 45, =82=, 60,
61, =88=, 64, 65, =92=, 66, 67, =105=, 78, 79.
Essaroy, =20=, 14, 15, =32=, 22, 23, 33_n_[98], =80=, 58, 59.
Etymology, influence of, on language, xviii.
Evir, =58=, 40, 41, =61=, 42, 43, =89=, 66, 67.

Fail, =14=, 10, 11, 36_n_[104].
Fainesoluis, 20_n_[76].
Fairhead, 57_n_[127].
Faolan, =78=, 56, 57, =86=, 62, 63.
Fargon, =9=, 6, 7.
Fatha Canan, =87=, 62, 63.
Faycanan, 87_n_[150].
Fead, =15=, 12, 13.
Fearluth, 86, 62, 63.
Feine, mentioned in the poems, =4=, 4, 5, 7_n_[53], =8=, 6, 7,
=9=, 6, 7, =10=, 8, 9, =12=, =14=, 10, 11, =15=, =17=, 12, 13,
=18, =20=, 14, 15, =26=, 18, 19, =28=, =31=, =33=, 22, 23, =41=,
26, 27, =48=, 32, 33, =49=, 34, 35, =82=, 60, 61, 141_n_[246].
Feinne, the, who they were, and what their country and period,
discussed, lxiv.-lxxviii.;
objections to the Irish account, lxv.-lxxi.;
light afforded on these questions by the legendary
tales and poems, lxxiii.-lxxxii.
Fergusson, Professor Adam, xlviii.
Festivities of the House of Conan, tale of, lxi.
Foran, a celebrated scribe, lxi.
Fergus, =43=, 28, 29, =48=, 32, 33, =83=, 60, 61,
=86=, 62, 63, =139=, 106, 107.
Fertan, =11=, 8, 9, =16=, 12, 13.
Fiach, 36_n_[104].
Fian, =5=, 4, 5, =82=, 60, 61.
Fillan, =9=, 6, 7, =17=, 12, 13.
Fillan, St., 8_n_[52].
Finan, =145=, 110, 111.
Finlay, the red-haired bard, =112=, 84, 85, =114=, 86, 87,
=143=, 110, 111.
Finlochlans, xxxiii.
Finn, =1=, 1, 2, =2=, =4=, 4, 5, =5=, =8=, =9=, 6, 7, =14=, 10,
11, =15=, =16=, 12, 13, =18=, =19=, =20=, 14, 15, =22=,
=23=, =26=, 18, 19, =28=, =30=, 20, 21, =31=, =33=, 22,
23, 35_n_[102], =37=, 24, 25, =40=, 26, 27, =41=, =44=,
28, 29, =47=, 32, 33, =62=, 44, 45, =71=, 50, 51,
=77=, 54, 55, =80=, 58, 59, =81=, =141=, 108, 109.
Finngalls, xxxii.
Firdomnan, lxxii.
Fithich, =54=, 36, 37, =56=, 38, 39.
Fitzgerald, Gerald, 105_n_[172].
Flann, =102=.
Flodden, 134_n_[223].
Fodla, =36=.
Fomorians, lxxv., =135=, 102, 103.
Forgan, =51=, 34, 35.
Forna, =11=, 8, 9.
Fortingall (Fothergill), i.
Fraoch, =54=, 36, 37, =55=, 38, 39, =56=, =57=, =58=, 40, 41.
France, King of, =11=, 8, 9.

Gaelic orthography, viii.;
vocabularies and grammars, xiii., xiv.;
differences between Scotch and Irish dialects, xiv., xv.
Gallie, Mr., lvii.
Galve, =15=, 12, 13.
Galway, =89=, 64, 65.
Garry, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 12, 13, =85=, 62, 63,
91_n_[154], =96=, 70, 71.
Gaul, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 10, 11, =17=, 12, 13, =20=, 14,
15, =23=, 16, 17, =43=, 28, 29, =45=, 30, 31, =47=,
32, 33, =77=, 56, 57, =83=, 60, 61.
Gauls, 11_n_[61].
Gawra, =12=, 8, 9, =18=, 12, 13, =19=, 124, 125,
35_n_[101], =37=, 24, =37=, =48=, 32, 33.
Gealcheann, 57_n_[127].
Gillaagamnan, xxxi.-xxxiii.
Gillabride, xxxi.-xxxiii.
Gilliecallum Mac an Ollave, =50=, 34, 35, =95=, 70, 71,
=148=, 112, 113.
Glassrananseir, =16=, 12, 13.
Glass, =16=, 12, 13.
Glenabaltan, =11=, 8, 9.
Glen a Cuaich, =77=, 54, 55.
Glen Dochart, 129_n_[211].
Glenelg, lxxx.
Glen Frenich, =76=, 54, 55.
Glengarry, =145=, 110, 111.
Glen Lochy, 129_n_[211].
Glen Lyon, i., =130=, 98, 99.
Glen Nevis, 31_n_[92].
Glenroy, lxxxi.
Glenshee, lxxxi., =30=, 20, 21, 31_n_[92], =34=.
Glenstrae, 114_n_[185], 128_n_[209], =131=, 100, 101, 137_n_[235].
Glenstroil, =16=, 12, 13.
Glenurchy, 107_n_[173], 114_n_[185], 129_n_[211],
=141=, 108, 109, 155_n_[276].
Golnor, =134=, 102, 103.
Gormlay, =72=, 50, 51, =118=, 90, 91.
Gormlay, daughter of Flann, =100=, 74, 75, =101=.
Gorry, =71=, 50, 51.
Gow, =15=, 12, 13.
Gulbin, 31_n_[92], 34_n_[98].
Grahams of Balgowan, xlviii.
Grainne, 34_n_[99], =87=, 64, 65, =88=.
Grammar of the Scotch Gaelic, xiv.
Grant, =139=, 106, 107.
Grecian Gael, =129=, 98, 99.
Greece, =9=1, 66, 67, =102=, 76, 77, =134=, 102, 103.
Greece, King of, 11_n_[59].
Gregor, =129=, 98, 99.

Hebrides, 145_n_[254].
Hercules, 55_n_[126], 109_n_[176].
Hesperides, 55_n_[126].
Highland Society of London, vi., 25_n_[84].
Highland Society of Scotland, vi., x.
Highlands of Scotland, original races of, xxii.;
various periods of their literary history, xxxviii.
Hill, Rev. Thomas, of Cooreclure, lxii.
Historical sketches of the original races of Ireland
and the Scotch Highlands, and the dialects of their
language, xxii., _et seq._
Holland, 135_n_[226].
Home, Mr. John, xlviii.
Hourn, =145=, 110, 111.
Hugh, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 12, 13.

I, =144=, 110, 111.
Ian Lom, 43_n_[108].
Inch Ald Art, =94=, 70, 71.
Inche Gall, =145=, 110, 111.
India, =36=.
Innes, Mr. Cosmo, 7_n_[52].
Innis, 150_n_[268].
Innis Aingin, =135=, 102, 103.
Innisfail, =61=, 42, 43, =151=, 116, 117.
Insegall, xxxiii.
Inverlochy, 43_n_[109].
Inverness, =95=, 70, 71.
Iolunn, =78=, 56, 57.
Iona, xxiv., 144_n_[252];
monastery of, xxv., xliv.
Iona Club, 99_n_[161].
Iorruaidh, 21_n_[77].
Ireland, =17=, 12, 13, 21_n_[77], 28_n_[88], 30_n_[90],
=36=, 37_n_[105], 51_n_[116], 53_n_[121].
Ireland and Highlands of Scotland,
the two original races of, xxii.;
records of traditionary history, xxiii., _et seq._;
sketch of their ancient political connexion
and literary influence, xxxiv.-xxxvii.
Irish dialects, viii., xii.;
comparison with the Scotch, xiv., xv.;
differences in, in the north and the south, xxv.
Irish sennachies, xxxvi.
Isla, xxiv., =99=, 74, 75, =124=, 94, 95, =127=, 96, 97.
Islay, 21_n_[77].
Isle of Muck, 31_n_[94].
Isles, kingdom of the, sketch of, xxxi.-xxxv.
Ith, lxxii., 87_n_[150].

Jamieson, Dr., xxii.
Jocelyn, xliv.
John of Knoydart, =99=, 72, 73.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, lii., liii., lix.
John the Grizzled, ii., iii., vi.

Kells, xxx.
Kennedy, Duncan, lii., liii.
Kerkal, =11=, 8, 9.
Kildare, county of, 8_n_[54].
Kilfinan, 145_n_[255].
Killichranky, i.
King James the First, 95_n_[157].
Kintail, =77=, 54, 55.
Kirke, Rev. Robert, xl., lxxx.
Knapdale, 127_n_[207], =151=, 116, 117.
Knox, John, xxxviii.
Knoydart, =99=, 72, 73.
Kyle Aca, =153=, 116, 117.

Laing, Malcolm, lix.
Lamacha, =112=, 84, 85, =113=, 86, 87.
Lambarde, xiii.
Language, Gaelic; similarity between
the Irish, Manx, and Scotch Gaelic dialects, xii.;
vocabularies and grammars, xiii., xiv.;
first printed books, xxxviii.-xli.
Languages,
how influenced by etymology and sound, xviii.;
origin of dialects, xix.;
differences as spoken and written, xxviii., xxix., xxxviii.
Laoghar, =60=, 40, 41.
Lecan, Book of, xxvii.
Legendary poems and tales, remarks on the stages through which they
passed, and the classes into which they are divisible, lxxxii.-xc.
Leinster, 12_n_[60], =61=, 42, 43, 62_n_[133].
Lennox, =93=, 68, 69.
Leny Leirg, =76=, 54, 55.
Lewis, island of, xxxiv., =127=, 96, 97, =146=, 112, 113.
Lismore, Dean of (Sir James Macgregor),
notices of his family, ii.-iv.;
remarks on his MS. collection of Gaelic poetry,
v.-xi., xlvi., xlvii.;
its great value, as regards the language, xlvi.
Literature, books first printed in Gaelic, xxxviii.-xli.
Literary History of the Highlands, influences exercised on, xlii.;
division into various periods, xliii.-xlvi.
Livingstone, 148_n_[264].
Lochaber, 20_n_[76], 31_n_[92], =94=, 70, 71.
Lochlan, xxxii., lxxv.
Lochlin, =10=, 8, 9, =11=, 8, 9, =91=, 66, 67.
Loch Awe, 137_n_[233], =143=, 108, 109.
Loch Broom, xxxii., xxxiv.
Loch Etive, 120_n_[192], 122_n_[195].
Loch Foyle, 62_n_[132].
Loch Fraoch, 54_n_[122].
Loch Hourn, 99_n_[160].
Loch Inch, =107=, 80, 81.
Loch Lochy, 145_n_[255].
Loch Lomond, 134_n_[222].
Loch Luine, xxiv.
Loch Mai, 54_n_[124], =54=.
Loch Ness, 31_n_[94].
Loch Swilly, 89_n_[152].
Loch Sween, 153_n_[271].
Loch Tay, i., 139_n_[238].
Loch Venachar, =95=, 70, 71.
Lomond, =134=, 102, 103.
Lords of the Isles,
race of, xxxi., 96_n_[158], 149_n_[267];
influence of their rule on the language and
population of the Highlands, xxxi.-xxxv.;
extinction of their kingdom, xxxv., xxxviii.
Lords of Lorn, xxxiii.
Lorn, 120_n_[191], 137_n_[233], 155_n_[276];
Lords of, xxxiii.
Luno’s son, _Mac an Loinn_, =2=, 1, 2.
Luthy, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 12, 13.
Lyon, river, i.

M’Alpin, Kenneth, 138_n_[236].
M’Alpine’s Gaelic Dictionary, xiii.
Macbheatha (the Betons), xxxvi.
M’Cabe, Duncan, =119=, 90, 91.
M’Cailein, Duncan, =116=, 88, 89.
M’Calman, =146=, 112, 113.
MacChailein, =126=, 94, 95, =132=, 100, 101, 147_n_[263].
MacConn, =70=, 50, 51.
M’Corquodale, Eafric, =126=, 96, 97.
Mac Cuilenan, =100=, 74, 75.
M’Donald, Mr. Alexander, teacher, xiii.
M’Donald, Ronald, 110_n_[178].
MacDonalds, 79_n_[145], 99_n_[161].
Macdonell, John, 43_n_[108].
M’Donells, 145_n_[255].
M’Donells of Glengarry, 99_n_[160].
Macdougall, Ailen Buidhe, xli.
Macdougall, Allan Dall, xli.
M’Dougall Maoil, Duncan, =137=, 104, 105.
M’Dougall, Phelim, =102=, 76, 77.
M’Dougalls of Lorn, xxxiii., 108_n_[175], =119=, 90, 91,
=122=, 92, 93, =124=, =137=, 104, 105.
M’Eachag, =140=, 106, 107.
MacElle, =78=, 56, 57.
M’Erc, =110=, 82, 83, =139=, 106, 107.
M’Ewen M’Eacharn, John, =121=, 92, 93.
M’Farlane, Mr. Robert, xiii.
M’Farlane, Mr. P., xiii.
Macfarlane, Rev. Alex., of Kilninver, xl.
M’Fergus, =59=, 40, 41.
M’Finn, =61=, 42, 43.

O’Cathan, house of, xxxiv., xxxvi.
Ocha, battle of, xxiv., lxv.
O’Cloan, =54=, 36, 37.
O’Coffey, Aodh, xxxvi.
O’Connor, 157_n_[278].
O’Curry, Professor E., lxii., lxviii., lxxxvi., 62_n_[131],
88_n_[152], 91_n_[154], 98_n_[159], 135_n_[225].
O’Dalys, xxxvi.
O’Daly, Maclosa, xxxvi.
O’Driscoll, 58_n_[128].
O’Duine, 30_n_[93].
O’Flaherty, 35_n_[102], 36_n_[104], 101_n_[165].
O’Grady, S. H., 157_n_[278].
O’Higgin, Giollacoluim, xxxvi.
Oirir a tuath, xxxiii., xxxiv.
Oirirgaidheal (Argathelia), xxxii.
Oirthir Ghaidheal, 135_n_[227].
O’Kanes, 147_n_[261].
Olave the Red, xxxiii.
O’Neills, xxxvi., 100_n_[162].
O’Reilly, Edward, lix.
Orgill, =58=, 40, 41.
Orgialla, kingdom of, xxiii.
Orla, =54=, 36, 37.
Orthography of the Dean of Lismore’s MS., vii.-x.
Oscar, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 10, 11, =16=, 12, 13, =17=, =19=,
=21=, 14, 15, =23=, 16, 17, =39=, 26, 27, =40=, =41=,
=42=, 28, 29, =48=, 32, 33, =49=, 34, 35, =71=, 50,
51, =72=, =81=, 58, 59, =82=, 60, 61, =85=, 62, 63,
=86=, =88=, 64, 65.
Ossian, =1=, 1, 2, =3=, 1, 2, =4=, 4, 5, =13=, 10, 11,
=16=, 12, 13, =17=, =18=, =19=, =20=, 14, 15,
=26=, 18, 19, =28=, =39=, 24, 25, =70=, 50, 51,
=71=, 50, 51, =72=, =81=, 58, 59, =82=, 60, 61,
=84=, =88=, 64, 65, 95_n_[158].
Ossian, poems of,
question of their authenticity, vi.;
circumstances under which the controversy arose, xlvii.;
historical sketch of, xlviii.-lxiii.
Ossianic Society, lx., lxxiv.
Owar, =11=, 8, 9.

Paisley, 149_n_[267].
Patrick, St., _see_ St. Patrick.
Persians, 50_n_[113].
Perthshire, 30_n_[91], 31_n_[92], 54_n_[124].
Petrie, lxx.
Philip, =111=, 84, 85.
Picts, 31_n_[94].
Popular poetry of the Highlands in the spoken dialect, xli.
Port-na-minna, =9=, 6, 7.
Psalms, Gaelic metrical versions of, xxxix., xl.
Publications of Dublin Gaelic Societies, lx., lxii.

Quigrich, 8_n_[52].

Raon Fraoich, =94=, 70, 71.
Rath Cruachan, =84=, 62, 63.
Reeves, Dr., 37_n_[104].
Reformation of 16th century, its influence on the population
and literature of the Highlands, xxxviii.-xli.
Relig Oran, =144=, 100, 101.
Religious literature of the Highlands, xxxviii.-xli.
Revan, =85=, 62, 63.
Robert, =104=, 78, 79.
Robertson, Principal, xlviii.
Ronan, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 12, 13.
Ros illirglass, =63=, 44, 45.
Ross, earldom of, xxxiv.
Ross-shire, 22_n_[78].
Ross, Thomas, his edition of the Psalter, xl.
Ross, W., xli.
Roughbounds, the, lxxx.
Roy, 20_n_[76].
Royal Irish Academy, lix.
Rualeacht, =77=, 54, 55.
Rury, =50=, 34, 35, =51=, =89=, 64, 65.
Rustum, 50_n_[113].
Ryno, =9=, 6, 7, =15=, 10, 11, =75=, 54, 55, =85=, 62, 63.