Chapter XLI: Part 41

1832. FRANCIS HUBER, a Swiss naturalist, died, aged 82. He lost his sight at the age of 17. Notwithstanding this difficulty in the way of scientific pursuits, with the assistance of his wife, he wrote and published a very accurate work on the habits of bees, and some other works.

1835. EDMUND FRY died in London, at a very advanced age. He was a member of the society of Friends, originally bred to the medical profession, but was more generally known as an eminent and learned type founder.

1835. DAVID HOSACK, an eminent physician, died at New York, where he was professor of the theory and practice of physic, and was held in high estimation as a man of talent, learning and worth.

1838. HUGH JAMES ROSE, a talented and eloquent English divine, died. Besides numerous works of which he was the author, he projected the _British Magazine_, and edited the _Theological Library_.

1842. 250 troops from Texas invading Mexico, were defeated and taken prisoners.

1854. MARTIN JOSEPH ROUTH, president of Magdalen college, died at Oxford, England, aged 99; a man of great learning, talent and virtues.

1854. The British parliament passed a law permitting the enlistment of foreigners, as officers and soldiers, in her majesty's service.

1855. VALERIAN KRASINSKI, one of the most distinguished members of the Polish emigration, and an eminent author, died at Edinburgh, Scotland.

DECEMBER 23.

486 B. C. The accession of Xerxes the magnificent to the Persian throne, _Nar. Era_, 263. When Darius Hystaspes, his father, was cut off, he had reigned 36 years, from the _thoth_ of N. E. 227, corresponding with the first day of January B. C. 521. The year 485, in which he died, is remarkable for two facts, the conquest of Syracuse under Gelon, and a comic work by Epicharmus, who added the Greek letters _chi_ and _theta_ to his native alphabet.

176. MARCUS ANTONINUS entered Rome in triumph, after his German victories on the Danube, accompanied by his monstrous son Commodus.

400. Naval battle of the Hellespont, and defeat of Gainas the barbarian; who was despatched in Thrace.

558. CHILDEBERT I, king of France, died. His great military exploit was the defeat of the king of Burgundy.

679. DAGOBERT II, king of Austrasia, assassinated.

1588. HENRY DE LORRAINE, duke of Guise, assassinated by order of the king. He was a turbulent and seditious subject of Henry III, of France.

1620. The Plymouth settlers having fixed upon a place for a town, on a high ground facing the bay, where the land was cleared and the water excellent, as many as could conveniently went on shore, and felled and carried timber to the spot designated for the erection of a building for common use.

1622. REDEMPTUS BARENZANO, a Piedmontese monk, died. He was professor of philosophy at Anneci, and a correspondent of the great Bacon.

1631. MICHAEL DRAYTON, an English poet, died. His works which were numerous, and of great merit, were collected in 1748 in one volume folio.

1632. JOHN COTTON, the first minister of Boston, died. He was a good scholar and a pious, able and benevolent man.

1688. JAMES II, king of England, escaped from England to Calais, in France, and was declared to have abdicated his throne.

1715. The _Freeholder_, first No., appeared, in a great degree political. In this work the labors of Addison as an essayist were brought to a close.

1721. WILLIAM MUSGRAVE died; an eminent English physician and antiquary, and secretary of the Royal society.

1747. The colonial house and records at Boston destroyed by fire.

1757. British privateer _Terrible_, captain William _Death_, of 26 guns and 200 men, captured a large French ship, after an obstinate battle, in which he lost his brother and 16 men killed. A few days after he fell in with the privateer _Vengeance_, 36 guns and 360 men, who recaptured the prize, and having manned her, both ships bore down on the Terrible, whose main was shot away by the first broadside. After a desperate engagement, in which the French captain and his second were killed, with two-thirds of his company, the Terrible was boarded, when no more than 26 persons were found alive, 16 of whom had lost a leg or an arm, and the other 10 were badly wounded. The ship itself was so shattered that it could scarcely be kept above water. There was a strange combination of names in this affair; the _Terrible_ was equipped at _Execution_ dock; was commanded by _Death_, who had _Devil_ for his lieutenant and _Ghost_ for surgeon.

1777. WASHINGTON had 2,898 men unfit for duty, "owing to their being barefooted and otherwise naked." His whole force fit for duty amounted to 8,200.

1783. SAMUEL COOPER, one of the most celebrated divines and politicians of New England, died.

1783. General WASHINGTON delivered up his commission to congress at Annapolis.

1789. CHARLES MICHAEL DE L'EPEE, a celebrated French teacher of the deaf and dumb, died. He devoted his time and money to the education of indigent mutes. Sacrificing his own comfort to promote theirs. Some of his pupils obtained academical prizes by poetical and literary works.

1804. Battle of Biezun; the French under Grouchy defeated 8,000 Prussians, and took 500 prisoners and 5 cannon.

1814. Battle at Villaret's plantation, near New Orleans, between 2000 Americans under general Jackson and about 4000 British under general Keene. American loss 213; British loss 305.

1816. Bible societies prohibited in Hungary.

1825. SAMUEL PARKES, an English chemist, died. He was no less distinguished for his benevolence than for his ardor, diligence and perseverance in the pursuit of science.

1832. Civil war in Mexico terminated by a convention at Zalaveta, of delegates from the armies of Bustamente and Santa Anna.

1846. JAMES STEVENSON, one of the oldest of the Seneca chiefs, and a friend of Red Jacket, died on the Cattaraugus reservation, aged 81. He was the son of an English officer, who vainly tried to persuade his beautiful Indian wife to accompany him to England.

1854. Simoda, Japan, destroyed by an earthquake. A wave from the bay overflowed the town, and on its return left but 16 buildings out of a thousand standing.

DECEMBER 24.

361. GEORGE of Capadocia, Arian bishop of Alexandria, was assassinated in consequence of his oppression.

705. ÆLFRID, king of Northumberland, died.

1156. PETER (_the Venerable_), a French ecclesiastic, died. He was sprung of a noble family, and became general of the order of Cluni. He was a man of great learning and exemplary piety.

1247. ROBIN HOOD, the English outlaw, has his death placed on this day (See Nov. 18).

1460. Battle of Wakefield Green; the Lancasterians under Margaret queen of Henry IV, defeated Richard duke of York, who was slain.

1525. VASQUEZ DE GAMA, the Portuguese navigator, died at Cochin in Malabar. He discovered the course to the East Indies, by the cape of Good Hope.

1535. EURICIUS CORDUS died; a German physician and poet, the friend of Erasmus.

1560. At Lillebone, Lower Seine, France, a fiery meteor fell, attended with red rain.

1565. A Dutch church was opened at Norwich by order of queen Elizabeth.

1650. Edinburgh castle taken by Cromwell, said to be the first time ever reduced.

1664. A comet styled a blazing star appeared in England.

1704. First eruption on record of the peak of Teneriffe.

1728. Second newspaper established in Philadelphia, called the _Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences and Pennsylvania Gazette_, by Samuel Keimer. The first press had been established by Bradford about six weeks after the city was founded.

1736. Plot discovered to destroy the whole family of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel.

1740. DANIEL WATERLAND, an eminent English divine and polemical writer, died.

1771. CHARLES JOHN FRANCIS HENAULT, an eminent French chronologist, died. His great work, the result of forty years' study, has gone through many editions and been translated into the Chinese and several European languages.

1775. JOHN CAMPBELL, king's agent for the province of Georgia, died. He was an eminent writer on biography, history and politics.

1793. The French convention decreed that the houses in Toulon should be leveled with the ground.

1794. South Hadley canal, or Connecticut river, opened. It was constructed to overcome a fall of 53 feet in the river; is upwards of 2 miles in length, including a cut of 300 feet in length through solid rock, 40 feet deep and 18 wide. The descent into the river was made by an inclined plane 230 feet in length, traversed by a carriage with six wheels, which was regulated by a water wheel. It was altogether quite an original affair.

1798. ROBERT MERRY, author of the _Pains of Memory_, died at Baltimore.

1800. An attempt to assassinate Bonaparte at Paris by an infernal machine.

1804. MARTIN VAHL, a Norwegian naturalist, died. He extended his researches over various parts of Europe and the African coast.

1805. American exploring party under Capts. Lewis and Clark, went into winter quarters in huts on the shore of the Pacific, near the mouth of Columbia river.

1806. Battle of Nasielsk; the Russians under Kaminski defeated by the French under Davoust.

1806. Battle of Kursonet, on the Wrka; 15,000 Cossacks defeated by the French under Nansouty.

1808. THOMAS BEDDOES, an eminent English physician, died. He is known by his perseverance in making experiments to cure consumption by the application of pneumatics.

1814. Preliminaries of the treaty of peace between England and the United States signed at Ghent.

1824. CHRISTOPHER ARETIN, a learned German writer, died. On the abolition of the monastries in 1803 he was appointed to examine their libraries.

1830. STEPHANIA FELICITE DE GENLIS, a celebrated French authoress, died, aged 84. For the last thirty years of her life, her inexhaustible pen continued to pour forth a variety of works of which space is here wanted to enumerate even their names. The whole of her literary progeny falls little short of an hundred volumes, and are characterized by fertility of imagination and purity of style.

1831. A volcanic island, recently formed near Sicily, disappeared.

1832. The citadel of Antwerp, with 3,500 troops, surrendered to the French, after a brave resistance of 26 days. The French had thrown up 14,000 metres of trenches, and fired 63,000 rounds, by which 695 were wounded and 108 killed.

1836. FRANCISCO ESPOZ Y MINA, a distinguished Spanish constitutional general, died.

1836. Great snow storm in England, which blocked up the roads so as to prevent all traveling, and many lives were lost. In some places the snow drifted to the depth of forty feet, and in others avalanches buried houses and their inhabitants.

1846. ERASTUS ROOT, a distinguished statesman in the state of New York, died while on a visit to New York city, aged 74.

1849. PATRICK FRAZER TYTLER, the Scottish historian, died.

1849. Great fire at San Francisco; property destroyed valued at a million and a half of dollars.

1851. The principal room of the library of Congress was destroyed by fire.

DECEMBER 25.

The commencement of what is usually called the vulgar era, was four years prior to the date now used as the beginning of the Christian era.

98. Christ mass was first used as a festival.

283. MARCUS AURELIUS CARUS, the Roman emperor, killed by lightning, beyond the Tigris.

400. GAINAS, a Goth of great valor, killed. He became a general under Arcadius, and desolated Thrace, because refused a church for the Arians.

496. CLOVIS, the first Christian king of France, crowned at Rheims; a glorious day among the Franks.

800. CHARLES, king of France, crowned at Rome emperor of the West. It was the commencement of a new Roman era, and he took the name of _Charlemagne_.

830. LEO V, emperor of Constantinople, assassinated. He was an Armenian, who became a general by his valor in the Roman armies, and prevailed on his troops to proclaim him emperor.

1066. WILLIAM, the conqueror, was crowned at London, amid a tumult, and the better to secure the obedience of the citizens, granted them a charter.

1440. GILLES DE RETZ, the famous _Bluebeard_, executed at Nantes for his horrible crimes. The ruins of his castle, La Verriere, are seen on the banks of the Erde, in the Lower Loire.

1476. GELEAS MARIE SFORZA, duke of Milan, assassinated. He rendered himself unpopular by his ferocity and debauchery.

1618. The first house erected at Plymouth, Mass., by the puritan settlers, after having spent more than a month in selecting a place for settlement. The company was divided into 19 families, and to each person was assigned a lot, half a rod in width, and three rods in length, for houses and gardens.

1658. CROMWELL dispersed several congregations, met to celebrate the birth of the Savior.

1676. MATTHEW HALE, a learned English judge, died. He was conversant with almost every branch of science, and has left valuable works in law, philosophy and religion.

1678. JOHN NEWTON died; an English mathematician and chaplain to Charles II.

1698. JAMES HOUBRACKEN, the celebrated Dutch engraver, was born at Dordrecht.

1712. WILLIAM KING, an English poetical and political writer, died. His most useful work is an account of the heathen gods and heroes, necessary for the understanding of the ancient poets.

1715. JAMES, the pretender to the English throne, landed at Peterhead, and formed his court.

1740. JOHN SOANEN, an eminent French ecclesiastic, having been deposed from his bishopric, died in exile.

1741. ROBERT SANDERSON died; an English writer, distinguished as the continuator of _Rymer's Fœdera_, from the 16th to the 20th volume.

1758. JAMES HERVEY, an English divine of exemplary virtue and piety, died. His _Meditations_ and _Letters_ are well known.

1762. Great riot at Drury lane theatre, because the managers would not admit at half price after the 3d October.

1770. HENRY MILL, an ingenious English mechanic, died. He is said to have been unrivaled in the science of hydraulics.

1777. Vermont became an independent state. It was first settled in 1725, and claimed as part of New Hampshire.

1796. KOSCIUSKO, with other Polish prisoners, liberated by the emperor Paul, when he came to America.

1801. HESTER CHAPONE, an elegant English poetess and moral writer, died. Her works will long be popular.

1813. Violent eruption of mount Etna.

1816. Treaty between the United States and the dey of Algiers.

1822. A hurricane in Iceland, which overthrew the churches. The new volcano of Oefields Jokkelen, spouted burning stones and ashes.

1827. ENRICO ACERBI, an Italian surgeon and medical writer, died.

1837. JOHN AUSTIN died at Philadelphia, aged 67; a native of Barbadoes, formerly a surgeon in the British army, and a practitioner at Barbadoes and Demarara, where he was greatly esteemed.

1853. JOHN MACRAE WASHINGTON, a brave American military officer, was swept from the wreck of the San Francisco, aged 60. After the close of the Mexican war he commanded an expedition across the plains of Mexico to the Pacific, and acted as military governor one year.

DECEMBER 26.

795. ADRIAN I, pope, died. He was a Roman patrician, who on his elevation to the pontificate highly embellished St. Peter's church, and displayed his benevolence and humanity during a famine occasioned by the inundation of the Tiber.

1135. STEPHEN crowned king of England on St. Stephen's day.

1292. JOHN BALIOL performed homage to Edward of England at New Castle.

1300. EDWARD I of England forbade the circulation of crockards, pollards, rosaries, and other foreign coins, as sterlings. They were all called in and a new _sterling_ money coined, so called from the Easterlings, who were the first coiners of silver of that fineness in England.

1530. ZAHIR-EDDIN MOHAMMED BABER, founder of the Tartar empire in Hindostan, died, aged 47. He made the first irruption into Hindostan in 1505, which was unsuccessful; but in 1524 he again undertook the invasion, defeated and killed the sultan in battle, and extended his conquests far and wide with astonishing rapidity. He was one of the most distinguished sovereigns that ever sat upon an Asiatic throne.

1552. CHARLES V raised the siege of Metz, with the loss of 30,000 men.

1679. THOMAS BLOUNT, an English barrister at law, died; distinguished for his talents and learning, and as a respectable writer.

1729. HONORE TOURNELY, a distinguished French ecclesiastic, died. He was professor of philosophy at Douay, and a popular preacher.

1731. ANTHONY HOUDART DE LA MOTTE, an ingenious French critic and miscellaneous author, died. His works consist of epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, lyric, pastoral, and fable; besides a vast variety of discourses, critical and academical.

1732. WILLIAM LELAND, of Lisnaken, in Ireland, died, aged 139. He was alike remarkable for his stature and longevity.

1762. EVERARD TITON DU TILLET, a French Jesuit, died; distinguished for his learning, and for a brazen Parnassus which he planned and erected in honor of Louis XIV.

1771. CLAUDE ADRIAN HELVETIUS, a French writer, died. He was a wealthy and benevolent man, but his works were irreligious.

1776. Battle of Trenton, New Jersey. The Americans under Washington crossed the Delaware on a cold and stormy night, and surprised the Hessians at sunrise. Col. Rhalle and 20 men were killed and the remainder surrendered, to the number of 1,000. Of the Americans 2 were killed and 2 frozen to death. This well judged and successful enterprise revived the depressed spirits of the colonists and produced an immediate and happy effect in recruiting the American army.

1780. JOHN FOTHERGILL, an eminent London physician, died. He was of the sect of quakers, and distinguished himself by his public and private benefactions, his encouragement of science, and attention to the health, the police and the conveniences of the city, as well as his great medical skill.

1782. HENRY HOME, lord Kaimes, died. He was one of the senators of the college of justice in Scotland, and eminent as a critical and philosophical writer.

1784. OTHO FREDERIC MULLER, a Danish naturalist, died. His works show much method and great accuracy.

1797. JOHN WILKES, a famous English politician and an elegant scholar, died. He was a member of parliament, lord mayor of London, and afterwards chamberlain.

1800. MARY ROBINSON died; an elegant English poetess, novelist and dramatic writer.

1806. Battle of Pultusk in Poland, between the Russians under Beningsen and the French under Lannes. The latter were defeated with the loss of 8,000; Russian loss 5,000. The French drew back with such haste that the advancing Cossacks were unable to overtake their rear guard next day. Lannes was glanced by a ball, and had two aids killed.

1806. Battle of Soldau; French under Ney defeated the Prussians under Lestocq.

1806. Battle of Alawa, in Prussian Poland; French under Marchand gained a brilliant victory.

1806. Battle of Golymin; Russians defeated by the French under Murat and Davoust. The Russians on this eventful day lost 80 cannon, 12,000 men, and a great amount of baggage, &c.

1811. Destruction of Richmond theatre, in consequence of the scenery taking fire, when 123 persons perished, among whom was the governor of the state, and a great number of females.

1812. JOEL BARLOW, an American poet and statesman, died at Garnowitch, in Poland, while on an embassy from the United States to Bonaparte. His principal work is the _Columbiad_, a poem.

1820. JOSEPH FOUCHE, duke of Otranto, died. He was one of the most flagrant of the French revolutionists; but had the adroitness to escape punishment by shifting his opinions with every variation of the public sentiment and policy.

1831. STEPHEN GIRARD, a wealthy Philadelphia banker, died. He was a native of France; was first a cabin boy, then mate of a ship, then keeper of a toy shop, afterwards a merchant, and finally a banker. He left an estate of ten or fifteen millions, which was bequeathed to charitable and public purposes.

1843. Rev. JAMES HARVEY LINSLEY, a writer in the _American Journal of Science_, died at Stratford.

1851. The town of Lagos, on the coast of Africa, destroyed by an English force, with a loss of 30 killed and 60 wounded, because the native chief refused to sign a treaty for the effectual suppression of the slave trade. The chief was deposed, and another substituted in his place.

1851. A large portion of the Chinese part of Hong-Kong destroyed by fire, including all the printing offices, the finest edifices and public buildings; involving the loss of nearly 500 houses and many human lives.

DECEMBER 27.

100. JOHN (_the Evangelist_) died at Ephesus, aged 94.

1552. CATHARINE VON BORA, wife of Martin Luther, died. She was rescued from a nunnery with eight others by the assistance of the great reformer. She survived him several years.

1585. PETER DE RONSARD died; a French elegiac and epigrammatic poet of a noble family.

1603. THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, an English puritan of great eminence and learning, died. He was a sharp and powerful controversialist, author of a practical commentary on the gospels and proverbs. He was obliged to quit the kingdom to avoid persecution, and died in great poverty.

1605. JOHN DAVIS, a famous English navigator, killed in a desperate fight with some Japanese near the coast of Malacca.

1669. SAMUEL CLARKE died; a celebrated English oriental scholar.

1689. PETER HALLE, an eminent French civilian and poet, died. He was offered the headship of five colleges, and accepted the professorship of canon law in the university of Paris, where he raised the character of that much neglected science.

1763. LAWRENCE NATTIER died; a Swabian, who published a work on antient gems.

1763. The Paxton boys broke into Lancaster jail and massacred fourteen friendly Indians.

1771. HENRY PITOT died; a celebrated French mathematician, and friend of the great Reaumur.

1779. The Spanish armament opened their batteries upon Gibraltar. It is supposed the general had no orders to fire until this time, but to remain on the defensive.

1784. LEE BOO, a prince of the Pelew islands, died in England, whither he had been sent to acquire an education.

1791. JOHN MONRO died; an English physician, celebrated for his skill in cases of insanity.

1800. HUGH BLAIR, a celebrated Scottish divine, died. His _Lectures on Rhetoric_ delivered as professor at the Edinburgh university, are eminently distinguished by laborious investigation, sound sense and refined taste; and his printed sermons have had a success almost unparalleled in the annals of pulpit eloquence.

1808. The French under LANNES assaulted Saragossa, in Spain, and the convent of St. Eugratia carried. This was the second siege.

1814. JOANNA SOUTHCOTT, a noted English fanatic and imposter, died. At the age of 42 she claimed the character of a prophet, and for more than twenty years continued her rhapsodies, and drew after her several thousand adherents, who are not yet extinct.

1814. United States schooner Carolina, blown up on the Mississippi river by a red hot ball from the British batteries.

1820. JOHN KEATS, an English poet, died in Italy. He was originally a stable boy, subsequently apprenticed to a surgeon, but gave way to the ambition of becoming a poet. His poems though written at a very early age, possess merit.

1834. CHARLES LAMB, the poet Coleridge's friend, died. In some of his most popular works he was assisted by his sister Mary Lamb.

1835. EPHRAIM WILLIAMS, an eminent lawyer, died at Deerfield, Mass. He prepared the first volume of the Massachusetts reports.

1840. JENNY KENNISON died at Brookfield, N. H., aged 110.

1842. ALEXANDER CROKE, quite a voluminous writer on law, politics, &c., died at Studley priory, England, aged 85.

1842. FRANCIS WRANGHAM, distinguished as a poet and antiquary, died at Chester, England.

1851. BASIL MONTAGU, an English author, died, aged 81. He edited the last and best edition of _Bacon's Works_, and was one of the earliest, most prominent and most zealous advocates of a mitigated penal code in England.

1853. The mammoth clipper Great Republic was burnt at her wharf in New York, together with several other vessels and five large flour warehouses.

1854. THOMAS WILSON DORR, the cause of what was called the Dorr war in Rhode Island, died at Providence, aged 49.

DECEMBER 28.

1065. St. Peter's church at Westminster dedicated by Edward the confessor.

1278. Injunction of the primate of England to the nunnery at Godstow, that public prayers on this day, Childermas, should not any more be said by little girls.

1377. WICKLIFF divulged his opinion upon the pope's mandate.

1499. Earl of Warwick, the last of the male line of the Plantagenets, beheaded on Tower hill.

1601. The town of Kinsale, head of the sea, in Ireland, garrisoned by Spaniards and Irish catholics, surrendered to the English armies.

1638. A Spanish ordinance establishing stamped paper in America.

1694. MARY II, queen of England, died of small pox, aged 33. She had reigned six years in conjunction with William III, and was greatly extolled for her virtues.

1697. MARY BEALE, an English portrait painter, died. She is styled by Oldys "that masculine poet as well as painter, the incomparable Mrs. Beale."

1706. PETER BAYLE, a most laborious and indefatigable French writer, died. He was an author of great ability, principally known by his _Critical Dictionary_.

1708. JOSEPH PITTON DE TOURNEFORT, a famous French botanist and natural historian, died.

1733. KOULI KHAN defeated the Turks before Babylon, killing 20,000, with the loss of 10,000.

1737. VICTOR MARIE D'ESTREES, a French admiral, died. He was also a man of literature, and member of several learned bodies.

1737. Singular sinking and rising of land at Scarborough, in Yorkshire, England.

1757. CAROLINE ELIZABETH, 3d daughter of Geo. II, of England, died.

1757. Leignitz taken by the Prussians under Frederick II, by which the Austrians and French were compelled to abandon Silesia, with the loss of 4,000 men.

1758. The French settlement of Goree taken by the British admiral Keppel.

1775. JOHN CAMPBELL, an eminent Scottish historical, biographical and political writer died.

1778. The French under count D'ESTAING re-embarked their troops at St. Lucia, and sailed on the following day.

1788. JOHN LOGAN, a Scottish divine and poet, died. He obtained much distinction as an eloquent preacher.

1797. War with the pope renewed by the French, occasioned by the assassination of Duplot, a French general, who was sent to Rome as an ambassador.

1811. Funeral at Richmond, Va., of those who perished at the burning of the theatre.

1814. United States privateer Prince of Neufchatel, 18 guns and 130 men, captured by British ship Leander, two frigates in company.

1814. British cannonaded unsuccessfully the Americans under Gen. Jackson. The cannonade continued 7 hours; the British loss estimated at 120 killed; American loss 9 killed, 8 wounded.

1817. CHARLES BARNEY, an eminent English scholar, died. He greatly distinguished himself by the depth of his literary researches, and by his extraordinary skill in the Greek language.

1817. American colonization society formed at Washington, having for its object the returning of free people of color to Africa.

1818. ALEXANDER, emperor of Russia, gave to his peasant subjects the same right with his nobles to establish manufactures.

1825. J. D. BARBIE-DU-BOCAGE, a French geographer, died. He furnished plans and maps for the most celebrated works of the day, and published an atlas of 54 sheets to illustrate ancient history.

1825. JOHN THOMAS SERRES, a French artist, died. His sea pieces possess much merit, and he is besides the author of the _Little Sea Torch_, a guide for coasting pilots.

1831. Insurrection of the slaves in Jamaica, in the course of which about 30,000 blacks were under arms, 4,000 of whom were killed. The amount of property destroyed was estimated at $15,000,000.

1835. Battle of Tampa bay; a company of 110 United States troops under major Dade, attacked by a large party of Seminole Indians, and all but three slain.

1853. A great snow storm commenced, which continued 36 hours, extending over the new England states, and causing great interruption to business and travel.

DECEMBER 29.

1170. THOMAS BECKET, archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated in his cathedral, aged 53.

1563. SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, a French writer, died. His writings are very considerable, both for their number and quality, discover great knowledge of the languages, and are chiefly on scripture subjects.

1594. JOHN CHASTEL, the son of a woolen draper at Paris, executed for an attempt to assassinate the king, Henry IV.

1674. Battle of Mulhausen; the French under Turenne, gained a victory over the Germans.

1680. WILLIAM STAFFORD, an English nobleman, beheaded. He was convicted of high treason as a conspirator in the popish plot, said to have been contrived by the catholics for the assassination of Charles II.

1689. THOMAS SYDENHAM died; an excellent English physician and medical writer.

1699. GEORGE MATTHIAS KŒNIG, a learned German writer, died; distinguished for his knowledge of belles lettres, divinity and oriental languages; principally known by a biographical dictionary which has been of great service to subsequent compilers.

1713. JOHN CHARDIN, a famous French _voyageur_, died. He was driven to England on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, where he was knighted by Charles II. His _Voyages_ have always been much esteemed as very curious and accurate.

1731. BROOK TAYLOR, an English mathematician and philosopher, died. His works were valuable and often republished.

1737. JOSEPH SAURIN, a French mathematician, died. He devoted his life to geometrical pursuits, and is conspicuous for a controversy with Rousseau who wished to palm upon him some of his own libelous verses against persons of distinction.

1755. GABRIELLE SUSANNE BARBOT DE VILLENEUVE, a celebrated French novel writer, died.

1761. ELIZABETH, queen of Russia, died. She was the daughter of Peter the Great, and ascended the throne, 1741.

1774. TOUSSAINT GASPARD TACONNET died; a French actor and dramatic writer, noted for his eccentricity.

1778. Savannah taken by the British. A negro conducted the British by a private path to the rear of the Americans, who being attacked in front and flank, made a fatal retreat. Upwards of 100 Americans were killed, 453 taken; the town and fort, 48 cannon, 23 mortars, with ammunition and stores, the shipping in the river, and large quantities of provisions fell into the hands of the enemy.

1783. SAMUEL COOPER, a Boston clergyman, died. His sermons were evangelical and perspicuous, and unequaled in America at that time for taste and elegance.

1783. DANIEL WRAY, a learned English antiquary, died, aged 82.

1790. JOHN GEORGE LA FRANC DE POMPIGNAN, a learned French prelate, died. He was author of sixteen works on different subjects.

1794. The town of Grave, considered a masterpiece of fortification, surrendered to the French under Pichegru, after a blockade of two months.

1797. General DUPHOT, assassinated by the populace at Rome, which was made a pretext of the French directory for dethroning the pope, Pius VI. Duphot had distinguished himself on several memorable occasions, and had repaired to Rome for the purpose of espousing the sister of Bonaparte, afterwards married to Murat.

1798. American government issued orders to the commanders of their armed vessels to repel by force the mustering and searching their vessels, and detaining them; but when overpowered by a superior force, to strike their colors and surrender ship and men.

1812. Action between United States frigate Constitution, 54 guns, 480 men, Capt. Bainbridge, and British frigate Java, 49 guns and 500 men including supernumerary officers, which resulted in the capture of the latter in 55 minutes. Loss of the Java 60 killed and 101 wounded including the captain, Lambert, mortally. Constitution lost 34 killed and wounded.

1825. JAMES LOUIS DAVID, a celebrated French painter, died. He was one of the wildest idolators of Robespierre and Marat, but finally lost his repugnance to monarchy under Bonaparte. He was banished on the restoration of the Bourbons, and died at Brussels. His works are numerous, and attest a splendid genius.

1832. Baron COTTA died. He was the originator of the daily political paper, the _Algemeine Zeitung_, so extensively circulated in Europe.

1832. JAMES HILLHOUSE, an American statesman, died at New Haven, Ct., aged 79. He took an active part in the revolution, and was eighteen years a member of congress. He was entrusted with the construction of the Farmington canal.

1834. T. R. MALTHUS, an English writer on political economy, died. His most celebrated work is an _Essay on Population_, which has passed through many editions, and been translated into various languages.

1836. DEBORAH TRIPP died at Poughkeepsie, aged 10 years and six months, and weighing 360 pounds. A few years before, herself and a younger sister were exhibited about the country for their extraordinary fatness. The younger sister died two or three years previous.

1837. WILLIAM MAVOR, a popular English author and compiler, died, aged 80. His _Voyages_ and _Universal History_, in 25 vols. each, are well known, and his _English Spelling Book_ passed through between four and five hundred editions.

1837. The imperial palace at St. Petersburg burnt, the weather at the time being 22° below zero. The palace was built in the reign of Elizabeth, at a cost of upwards of $5,000,000, and was the largest in Europe, sufficient to lodge 12,000 persons. The loss of treasures, pictures, statues, ornaments and furniture was immense.

1837. Steamer Caroline, a vessel in the service of the Navy island patriots, destroyed.

1839. Battle of Cagancha between the forces of Uruguay, under Rivera, and those of Buenos Ayres under Echague. The latter had an army of 5,000 men, and was defeated with the loss of 800 killed, and prisoners, baggage, &c., taken. Rivera's loss about 200.

1845. Texas admitted into the union.

1848. Wisconsin admitted into the union.

1848. The Roman chambers were dissolved and a constituent assembly convened.

1849. Great crevasse in the Mississippi banks at Bonnet Carré, about forty miles above New Orleans.

1850. The British forces had an engagement with the Caffres, in South Africa, were defeated with considerable loss, and obliged to retreat to their fort.

1852. ROBERT FORREST, an eminent Scottish sculptor, died, aged 63. He was originally a stone mason, in the quarries of Clydesdale; but the products of his chisel are seen in the most conspicuous points of Glasgow and Edinburgh.

1855. The French imperial guard made a triumphal entry into Paris on its return from the Crimea.

DECEMBER 30.

944 B. C. The winter solstice fell upon this day, according to the marble, by the table of Petavius; which places the period of Homer thirty-seven years later.

1535. The society of the Jesuits founded by Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish monk, who entered into an agreement with five of his fellow students to undertake the conversion of unbelievers and a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. From this small beginning it became a powerful society under the energy and shrewd policy of its leaders, and was raised to a degree of historical importance unparalleled in its kind.

1567. Bonhill field, the ancient burial place of the dissenters, surveyed, "containing 23 acres, 1 rod and 6 poles; butting upon Chiswell street on the south, and on the north upon the highway that leadeth from Wenlock's barn to the well called St. Agnes the Cleere." It was also the common place of interment for the victims of the great plague in 1665. Bunyan, Watts, Owen, De Foe, George Fox, are among the distinguished men who rest there.

1568. The learned ROGER ASCHAM, died; sometime tutor to queen Elizabeth, and afterwards her Latin secretary.

1582. EMANUEL ALVAREZ died; a Portuguese Jesuit, distinguished as a grammarian.

1596. EMANUEL DE SAA, a Portuguese Jesuit, died; professor of theology at Coimbra and at Rome, and author of several valuable works.

1644. JOHN BAPTIST VAN HELMONT, a physician of Brussels, died. He was a man of great learning in physic and natural philosophy. His cures were so extraordinary that he was brought before the inquisition as a man that did things beyond the reach of nature. He cleared himself of the inquisition, but to be more at liberty retired into Holland.

1655. Several persons wounded at the door of the parliament house, England, by a quaker, who pretended that he was inspired to slay all in the house.

1661. The earl of Argyle committed to Edinburgh castle for high treason.

1688. The prince of Orange received the sacrament to allay suspicions of his wishing to change the liturgy of the English church.

1691. ROBERT BOYLE, the distinguished philosopher and chemist, died. He was the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard, earl of Cork, and secured immortal fame by his writings and discoveries in experimental philosophy.

1695. SAMUEL MORLAND, though a great favorite with king Charles, died in poverty. He constructed an arithmetical machine.

1721. PETER DE VALLEMONT, a French ecclesiastic, died; known by his _Elements of History_, and other works.

1730. JAMES SAURIN, an eminent French divine and theological and controversial writer, died in Holland, where he took shelter from persecution.

1747. EDWARD HOLDSWORTH, an English poet, died.

1765. SAMUEL MADDEN, an Irish divine and dramatic poet, died. He instituted the Dublin society, and set apart an annuity of £100 to be distributed as premiums for improvements in the useful arts.

1765. JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD (_the Pretender_), died at Rome. He was the son of James II of England, who was compelled to abdicate by his want of discretion in the government.

1774. PAUL WHITEHEAD died; an English poet of considerable eminence.

1777. LEOPOLD MAXIMILIAN, elector of Bavaria, died. The succession to his dominions occasioned a war between Germany and Prussia.

1781. JOHN TUBERVILLE NEEDHAM, professor of philosophy in the English college at Lisbon, died. He wrote various philosophical and critical works; though a learned man he was a very superstitious character.

1800. THOMAS DIMSDALE, an eminent English physician, died. His celebrity was such that he was invited to the court of Russia, where he inoculated the empress Catharine and her son with small pox.

1809. AUGUSTUS FRANCIS JULIAN HERBIN died; a native of France, distinguished as an oriental scholar.

1813. Buffalo burnt. Fort George, or Newark, in Upper Canada, having been wantonly burnt down by the American troops, a part of the British army crossed over from fort Erie, and utterly destroyed the village of Buffalo, in retaliation. It contained 100 houses.

1833. WILLIAM SOTHEBY, an English poet and translator, died. His translations from Virgil and Homer rank in the first class of that difficult and rarely successful branch of literature.

1834. The first reformed British parliament dissolved by royal proclamation.

1836. The plague continued to rage at Constantinople; having carried off during the summer and autumn no less than 100,000 citizens.

1837. An attack made by upwards of 100 Canadian loyalists upon the American steamboat Caroline, lying in the Niagara, at Schlosser, and of 34 Americans on board 22 lost their lives. The boat was towed into the current, with part of the men on board, and precipitated down the falls.

1853. JOHN AVERY PARKER, a distinguished merchant and a millionaire, died in New Bedford, Mass.

1853. The ship Staffordshire, captain Richardson, from Liverpool to Boston, struck on a rock south of Seal island, and sunk, carrying down 177 of the passengers and crew.

DECEMBER 31.

71 B. C. POMPEY and CRASSUS triumph at Rome. The former had closed the ten years' war in Lusitania, and Crassus the revolt of Spartacus at home. Marcus Lucullus triumphed the same year, bringing with him the Thracian colossus of Apollo.

192. LUCIUS AURELIUS COMMODUS, a dissipated emperor of Rome, strangled, and Pertinax elected. It was in the reign of this emperor, A. D. 190, that the Capitoline library at Rome was destroyed.

406. The Huns, 100,000 strong, entered Gaul, and laid desolate her seventeen luxurious provinces with havoc and flame, from the banks of the Rhine to the Pyrenæan mountains.

535. The acquisition of Sicily from the Goths. Belisarius entered Syracuse in triumph, a city which once embraced 22 miles.

1384. JOHN WICKLIFFE died; professor of divinity in the university of Oxford, and father of the reformation of the English church from popery.

1460. Battle of Wakefield, in England; the duke of York and 3000 of his followers slain.

1563. CHARLES DE COSSE died; a French general of great military talents, and employed also as a diplomatist.

1583. THOMAS ERASTUS, a celebrated German physician and divine, died. He wrote several works on philosophy, physic and divinity; but is chiefly memorable for his work on excommunication, in which he denies the power of the church, and affirms its censures to be incapable of extending beyond the present life.

1600. The East India company established by a charter from Elizabeth, granted to the earl of Cumberland and 215 knights, aldermen and merchants. The original capital was £22,000, divided into shares of £50.

1616. JAMES LE MAIRE died at sea in returning with the Dutch navigator, Schouten. In this voyage, the straits that bear his name were discovered, between Staaten Land and Terra del Fuego.

1620. Era of the first settlement of New England. It being sabbath, they kept the day for the first time in their new house, and in grateful remembrance of the friends they found in the last town they left in their native country, they called it Plymouth.

1674. Battle of Mulhausen, in Alsace, in which the French marshal Turenne defeated the Austrians.

1679. JOHN ADOLPHUS BORELLI, a distinguished philosopher and mathematician, of Naples, died; author of thirteen treatises in Italian and Latin.

1704. The peak of Teneriffe formed a lateral eruption in the plain de los Infantes, preceded by tremendous earthquakes.

1718. JOHN FLAMSTEAD, an eminent English astronomer, died. He formed a new catalogue of the fixed stars, containing about three thousand.

1762. MARY COLLYER died; the translator of Gesner's poem of the _Death of Abel_.

1771. CHRISTIAN ADOLPHUS KLOTZ, professor of philosophy at Göttingen, died. He distinguished himself by his Latin poems, his numismatic treatises, his works on the study of antiquity, and on the value and mode of using ancient gems.

1775. Assault of the American forces under Montgomery and Arnold on Quebec. Montgomery was killed in advancing upon the barrier, at the head of the New York troops, and Arnold's division, after a desperate engagement, in which the Americans sustained the whole force of the garrison three hours were compelled to surrender themselves prisoners of war. They lost 100 killed, 300 taken.

1781. HENRY LAURENS, ambassador from the United States to France, liberated from the tower of London in exchange for general Burgoyne.

1791. JOHN ELLIS, a London scrivner, died; the last of that ancient profession. He was an alderman of London nearly half a century, and was besides a man of literature, whose conversation was highly extolled by Dr. Johnson.

1792. The quantity of gold coined at the royal mint of Mexico this year was $969,430; of silver, $23,225,611; total, $24,195,041; the largest sum which had been coined there since the conquest of the country.

1793. THOMAS JEFFERSON resigned the office of secretary of state to the United States.

1796. The thermometer 4° below zero in London. Several persons were frozen to death.

1799. JOHN FRANCIS MARMONTEL, a French novelist, died. He was admired for the vigor and delicacy of his writings, but was allowed to pass his last days in a state of retirement bordering on want.

1811. Tariffa, near Gibraltar, attacked by the French, who were repulsed with great loss by the British under colonel Skerritt.

1812. United States frigates President and Congress returned to Boston after an active cruise of three months, during which they passed over a space of about 8000 miles without meeting an adventure to test the courage and discipline of their crews. They, however, captured two British vessels, one laden with $300,000 specie and gold dust, the other with oil.

1816. Deaths in Boston this year, 904; in Paris, 19,992.

1820. JOSEPH LATHROP, an American clergyman, died. His publications were more numerous and highly esteemed than those of any contemporary theologian in America.

1826. WILLIAM GIFFORD, an English poet and reviewer, died. He rose from a shoemaker's bench to an editor's stool where he acquired fame and fortune. He was a very good poet and critic, but a poor shoemaker.

1832. Insurrection of the slaves in Jamaica. More than 150 plantations were destroyed, and the loss of property was estimated at more than four millions of dollars. About 2000 negroes are supposed to have been killed.

1835. Battle of Withlacoochie; about 250 United States troops and militia engaged 300 Seminole Indians. Of the latter 40 were killed; of the former, 4 killed, 59 wounded.

1839. HYACINTHE LOUIS DE QUELEN, archbishop of Paris, died. At the revolution of 1830 his adherence to the Bourbons incensed the mob to level the archiepiscopal palace to the ground, by which he was reduced to poverty. He was a man of distinguished talents and learning.

1840. PRENTISS MELLEN, chief justice of Maine, died at Portland, aged 77. The first eleven volumes of the _Maine Reports_ are a monument of his legal discrimination, great familiarity with practice, and high sense of justice.

1846. JAMES COCHRAN died at Batavia, Genesee co., N. Y., aged 83. To him the world owes the invaluable invention of making cut nails, yet he died poor.

1849. Hudson river rail road opened to Poughkeepsie.

1852. AMOS LAWRENCE, a wealthy and leading Boston merchant, died, aged 77. His charities amounted to several hundred thousands of dollars.

INDEX.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO NAMES OF PERSONS.

Aagaard, Christian, 54.

Aaron died, 256.

Aba of Hungary, 262.

Abancourt, d', 355.

Abauzit, Firmin, 110.

Abbaddie, James, 373.

Abbas pasha, 277.

Abbasah, 334.

Abascal, J. F., 254.

Abbot, Abiel, 251.

Abbot, Benj., 412.

Abbot, Charles, 185, 435.

Abbot, Francis, 227.

Abbot, George, 53, 306.

Abbot, Maurice, 22.

Abbot, Robert, 90.

Abbot, Samuel, 173.

Abdullah, historian, 154.

Abd-el-Malek, 29.

Abdullah, chief, 251.

Abdu-l-lattif, 427.

Abdulmalik, 385.

Abdulmumen, 329.

Abdulwahlab, 233.

Abdurrahman, 70.

Abdurrahman, 442.

Abdurrahman I, 381.

Abdurrahman II, 326.

Abdurrahman IV, 61.

Abeel, H. N., 138.

Abeille Gaspard, 200.

Abela, G. F., 179.

Abel, Caspar, 22.

Abel, Charles F., 241.

Abel, Clarke, 447.

Abel, Thomas, 298.

Abelard, Peter, 159.

Abelly, Louis, 386.

Abercrombie, 262.

Abercromby, Alex., 438.

Abercromby, R., 122.

Abernethy, John, 156.

Abington, 93.

Abraham, call of, 383.

Abram, Nicholas, 352.

Abrantes, duke, 296.

Abrantes, J. M., 64.

Abrial, A. J., 435.

Abschatz, H. A. von, 161.

Abu Abdillah, 298.

Abubekir, 289, 332.

Abulfeda, Ismael, 412.

Acapulco galleon, 234.

Acciaguoli, Filippo, 51.

Accoramboni V, 480.

Acerbi, Enrico, 484.

Achard, F. C., 158.

Acharius, Erik, 321.

Achenwall, G., 175, 406.

Acheri, Luc d', 171.

Achmet III, 245.

Achmet IV, 139.

Achrelius, E. D., 154.

Ackerman, R., 45, 126.

Ackermann, J. C., 97.

Ackland, Harriet, 286.

Ackerblad, J. D., 60.

Acoluth, Andrew, 426.

Ada Augusta, 451.

Adaduror, 424.

Adair, Robert, 386.

Adalbero, 34, 83.

Adalbert, 162, 170, 240.

Adalbert of Bremen, 106.

Adam, A. C., 179, 290.

Adam, Alex., 476.

Adam, N. S., 120.

Adam, Robert, 92.

Adam, Wm., 73.

Adami, Adam, 89.

Adams, C. B., 33.

Adams, Hannah, 473.

Adams, J., 44.

Adams, John, 261.

Adams, J. Q., 81.

Adams, Joseph, 241.

Adams, Samuel, 230, 385.

Adams, Thomas, 82.

Adamson, John, 378.

Adanson, Michael, 304.

Addison, Joseph, 236.

Adelaide, queen, 458.

Adelung, J. C., 357.

Ader, Michob, 10.

Adolphus Frederick II, 64.

Adolphus killed, 257.

Adrian died, 269.

Adrian I, 484.

Adrian IV, 344.

Adrian VI, 361.

Adrian, Pub. Ælius, 39.

Adrian, Robert, 315.

Ælfrid, 482.

Æmilius, Paulus, 180.

Affray, L. A. P., 235, 262.

Afzelius, John, 210.

Agar, pedestrian, 139.

Agard, Arthur, 331.

Agathocles, 287, 321.

Agesilaus, 262.

Agricola, C. J., 334.

Agricola, George, 443.

Agricola, R., 414.

Agrippa, Herod, 302, 309, 364.

Agrippa, M., 169, 465.

Agrippina died, 403.

Agrippina, mother of Nero, 435.

Aignan, Stephen, 246.

Aikin, John, 464.

Aikman, Alex., 265.

Aikman, Wm., 222.

Ailly, Peter d', 310.

Ainsworth, R., 133.

Airault, Peter, 286.

Airth, laird, 447.

Aitken, James, 95.

Akenside, Mark, 246.

Alaric, 334.

Alava, D. E., 106.

Albani, Alex., 458.

Albano, Francis, 386.

Albany, countess, 44.

Albecola, Francis, 318.

Albemarle, duke, 13, 260.

Alberoni, Julio, 249.

Albers, H. W. M., 91.

Albert, Baron, 423.

Albert of Brunswick, 321.

Albert, Charles, 115, 225.

Albert I, 174.

Albert, Stephen, 358.

Albertus, 245.

Albinus, B., 463.

Albinus, B. S., 355.

Albinus, D. C., 75.

Albuanez, president, 307.

Albuquerque, duke, 76.

Albuquerque, A., 474.

Alcazaba sailed, 370.

Alcide captured, 223.

Alcock, John, 383.

Alcuin, 456.

Alcuinus, Flaccus, 197.

Alden, Judah, 91.

Aldhem, 205.

Aldobrandi, Hip., 93.

Aldrich, Henry, 471.

Aldrovand, U., 179

Alegambe, Philip, 351.

Alemanni, Lewis, 155.

Alembert, d', 416.

Ales, Alex., 106.

Alexander great, 136, 220, 434.

Alexander, II, pope, 159.

Alexander, III, pope, 341.

Alexander, IV, pope 205.

Alexander, V, pope, 177.

Alexander, VI, pope, 310.

Alexander, VII, pope, 201.

Alexander, VIII, pope, 45.

Alexander of Russia, 18, 27, 273, 457.

Alexander of Scotland, 205.

Alexander I of Scotland, 20, 167.

Alexander, III, Scot., 104.

Alexander, Wm., 27.

Alexander, Wm., (poet) 64.

Alexandria, Bishop, 482.

Alfieri, Victor, 385.

Alfred of England, 414.

Alfonso of Arragon, 352.

Alfonso V, 236.

Alfonso X, 159.

Algardi, Alex., 226.

Algarotti, Francis, 203.

Ali, Mehemet, 34, 225, 303.

Ali pacha, 56.

Alix, Peter, 78.

Allainval, d', 176.

Allan, David, 138.

Allegri, Antonio, 93.

Allegri, Gregorio, 73.

Allein, Richard, 480.

Allen, Ethan, 66, 213, 375.

Allen, lieut., 321.

Allen, Moses, 59.

Allen, Paul, 328.

Allen, Thomas, 381, 394.

Allen, Wm., 412.

Alley, Saul, 407.

Alley, Wm., 150.

Alleyn, Edward, 448.

Allineigoli, H., 448.

Allum, Schah, 437.

Ally, Hyder, 133.

Ally, Vizier, 26.

Almeida, F., 433.

Almeida, M. d', 186.

Alonzo II, 93.

Alonzo III, 70.

Alphonso I, 462.

Alphonso II, 119.

Alphonso III, 478.

Alphonso IV, 208.

Alphonso V, 334.

Alphonso VI, 359.

Alphonso X, 132.

Alpini, Prospero, 54.

Alsop, Anthony, 226.

Alsop, Richard, 329.

Alsop, Vincent, 184.

Alston, Washington, 269.

Altenkirchen, 218.

Alting, Mensen, 302.

Alton, Richard, 469.

Alva, duke of, 34.

Alvarez, Emanuel, 489.

Alvarez, F., 146, 289.

Alvarez, Jose, 450.

Amadeus, Victor, 401, 417.

Amalasontha, 172.

Amboise, A. d', 427.

Amboise, Bussy d', 327.

Amboise, G. d', 205.

Ambrose, 132.

Ambrose of Portico, 407.

Ames, Fisher, 261.

Ames, Joseph, 390.

Ames, Nathaniel, 32.

Ames, N. P., 163.

Amherst, general, 306.

Amherst, Nicholas, 168.

Amidas and Barlow, 260.

Amontons, Wm., 396.

Amort, E., 448.

Amru, Abba'd Abu, 122.

Amurath II, 63.

Amyott, James, 56.

Amyrault, Mores, 89.

Anastasius I, 268, 471.

Anaxagoras, 394.

Anchises, 46.

Ancillon, Chas., 262.

Ancillon, David, 347.

Ancillon, M., 158.

Ancour, J. B. d', 360.

Ancourt, d', 463.

Anderson, Andrew, 432.

Anderson, Chr., 74.

Anderson, Edmund, 300.

Anderson, George, 173.

Anderson, James, 400.

Anderson, Joseph, 155.

Andre, major, 315, 370, 373, 384.

Andreini, Isabella, 226.

Andrew, James, 232.

Andrew, martyr, 454.

Andrews, Eusebius, 331.

Andrews, Henry, 41.

Andrews, J. P., 309.

Andrews, Lancelot, 375.

Andros, Gov., 156, 478.

Angelis, Dom. de, 312.

Angeloth, 415.

Angelus, Isaac, 283.

Angely, St. Jean d', 97.

Angerstein, J. J., 37.

Anglas, Boissy d', 406.

Anglesey, marquis, 170.

Anhalt-Bernburg, prince, 117.

Anich, Peter, 344.

Aniello, Thomas, 265, 279.

Anjou, duke of, 278, 369.

Ankerstroem, 105, 168.

Anne of Austria, 18.

Anne of Bretagne, 21.

Anne of Cleves, 18, 278, 310.

Anne of Cyprus, 431.

Anne, queen, 12, 35, 90, 300.

Anne of Russia, 402.

Annebaut, C. d', 421.

Annesley, Arthur, 137.

Anquetil du Perron, 351.

Anselm, 159.

Anson, George, 218, 221, 234, 260.

Anstey, Christopher, 304.

Anstis, John, 92.

Anthemius, 271.

Anthony, Francis, 206.

Anthony, James, 34.

Anthony of Navarre, 438.

Anthony of Portugal, 176.

Antiochus Epiph., 472.

Antoinette, M., 160, 302.

Antomarchi, 132.

Antonides, John, 367.

Antoninus, triumph, 481.

Antoninus, M. A., 105.

Antonio, Nicolao, 148.

Antonio of Portugal, 337.

Antony, Marc, 143.

Antrim, 222.

Ammirati, Scipio, 45.

Ampere, J. M., 227.

Appleton, Sam'l, 272.

Aquinas, Thomas, 95.

Aram, Eugene, 308.

Arbogast, L. F. A., 140.

Arbuthnot, admiral, 105.

Arbuthnot, John, 86.

Archidamus, 302.

Arcon, J. C. d', 257.

Aretin, C., 483.

Argal returned, 428.

Argyle, marquis, 208, 236, 489.

Ariosto died, 220, 267.

Arista, general, 17.

Aristotle, 384.

Arius, dogmas of, 274.

Arkwright, Richard, 304.

Arlandes, d', 444.

Arlaud, J. A., 205.

Armagh, archbishop, 112.

Armfelt, 328.

Arminius, 404.

Armistead, W. K., 398.

Armstrong, Arch., 129.

Armstrong (poet), 352.

Armstrong, John, 130.

Armstrong, S. T., 119.

Armstrong, Robt., 83.

Arnaud, Francis, 458.

Arnauld, Ant., 312.

Arnauld, Henry, 223.

Arne, T. A., 94.

Arnold, Benedict, 17, 18, 27, 33, 41, 173, 233, 320, 428.

Arnold, Mrs. Benedict, 339.

Arnold, John, 336.

Arnold, Samuel, 408.

Arogemena, Justo, 279.

Arrowsmith, A., 163.

Artedi, Peter, 370.

Arthur, prince, 211.

Artois, count, 59, 147, 153.

Arundel, earl, 361.

Arundel, Thomas, 76, 85.

Arusmont, mad. d', 472.

Ascham, Anthony, 220.

Ascham, Roger, 14, 489.

Ascough, William, 253.

Ash, John, 171.

Ashburton, lord, 189, 336.

Ashley, William, 119.

Ashmole, Elias, 40, 197.

Ashmun, J. H., 130.

Askew, Anne, 279.

Astley, Philip, 406.

Aspasia, 394.

Aspinwall, Wm., 153.

Assas, N. d', 401.

Assemanni, S., 141.

Astle, Thomas, 457.

Astor, J. J., 124.

Astrea, authoress, 153.

Astruc, John, 192.

Atahualpa attacked, 231.

Athanasius, 175.

Atherton, C. H., 21.

Atkins, James, 414.

Atkins, Richard, 361.

Atterbury, Francis, 68, 165, 207.

Atticus, T. P., 126.

Attwood, Thomas, 116.

Auchmuty, S., 316.

Audley, James, 129.

Audley, lord, 372.

Audley, Thomas, 172.

Auerswald, major, 365.

Auger, Athanase, 58.

Augereau, Gen., 50.

Augereau, general, 231.

Augusta, Charlotte, 424.

Augustenburgh, 171.

Augustine, 206.

Augustinus, Aur., 339.

Augustus Cæsar, 54, 94, 131, 327.

Augustus, Ernst, 51.

Augustus, F., 48.

Augustus, Frederick, 315.

Augustus III, 388.

Aungerville, R., 149, 164.

Aurelianus, 39.

Aurelius, Marcus, 358.

Aurungzebe, 35.

Austen, Jane, 283.

Austin, John, 484.

Austria, queen, 453.

Auteroche, J. C. d', 300.

Avantio, J. M., 90.

Averanius, J., 372.

Axtel executed, 405.

Aylett, Elizabeth, 374.

Aylmer, John, 216.

Ayres, Dr., 20.

Ayscough, S., 417.

Azelius, Adam, 45.

Azevedo, Ignatius, 278.

Azir, F. V. d', 241.

Baber, died, 484.

Babeuf, 187.

Babington, A., 369.

Babington, Gervase, 194.

Bacchus, 167.

Bacciocchi, Eliz., 310.

Bach, J. S., 298.

Bache, G. M., 354.

Bachi, Pietro, 332.

Bacon, Francis, 36, 109, 120, 141, 177, 480.

Bacon, John, 306.

Bacon, Nicholas, 76.

Bacon, Roger, 227.

Badcock, Samuel, 198.

Badger, William, 371.

Bage, Robert, 345.

Bagford, John, 192

Bagot, Charles, 197.

Bailey, Francis, 342.

Bailey, Nathan, 250.

Baillie, Joanna, 51, 81.

Baillie, Matthew, 373.

Bailly, J. S., 431, 432.

Bainbridge, Chris., 275.