Chapter XII: Mother-Kin and Mother Goddesses (4)

Armenians, their festivals of the dead, ii. 65 _sq._;
their opinion of the baleful influence of the moon on children, 148

Arrian on Attis, i. 282

Artemis at Perga, i. 35;
name given by Greeks to Asiatic Mother Goddesses, 169

—— and Apollo, their priesthood at Ephesus, ii. 243

—— of Ephesus served by eunuch priests, i. 269

—— the Hanged, i. 291

——, Laphrian, at Patrae, i. 126 _n._ 2

——, Perasian, at Castabala, i. 115, 167 _sqq._

——, Sarpedonian, in Cilicia, i. 167, 171

—— Tauropolis, i. 275 _n._ 1

——, the Tauric, human sacrifices to the, i. 115

Artemision, a Greek month, ii. 239 _n._ 1

Arunta of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99, 100

Arval Brethren, their wreaths of corn, i. 44 _n._;
a Roman college of priests, ii. 239

Aryan family, marriage customs of the, ii. 235

Aryans, their alleged Arctic origin, i. 229 _n._ 1;
annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67 _sqq._

Aryenis, daughter of Alyattes, i. 133 _n._ 1

Ascalon, the goddess Derceto at, i. 34 _n._ 3

Ascension of Adonis, i. 225

Ashantee, human sacrifices at earthquakes in, i. 201;
kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97 _n._ 7

_Asherim_, sacred poles, i. 18, 18 _n._ 2, 107, 108

Ashes of human victims scattered by winnowing-fans, ii. 97, 106

Ashtoreth (Astarte), i. 18 _n._ 2 _See_ Astarte

Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, i. 144;
confused with the legendary Sardanapalus, 173 _sq._;
carries off the bones of the kings of Elam, ii. 103

Ashvin, an Indian month, i. 243

Asia Minor, priestly dynasties of, i. 140 _sq._;
subject to volcanic forces, 190;
subject to earthquakes, 202

Asiatic goddesses of fertility served by eunuch priests, i. 269 _sq._

Asopus, the river, i. 81

“A-souling,” custom of, in England, ii. 79

Aspalis, a form of Artemis, i. 292

Assam, the Khasis of, i. 46, ii. 202 _sqq._;
the Tangkul Nagas of, ii. 57 _sqq._

Assumption of the Virgin and the festival of Diana, i. 308, 309

Assyrian cavalry, i. 25 _n._ 3

Assyrians in Cilicia, i. 173

Astarte at Byblus, i. 13 _sq._;
and the _asherim_, 18;
kings as priests of, 26;
at Paphos, 33 _sqq._;
doves sacred to, 147;
identified with the planet Venus, 258;
of the Syrian Hierapolis served by eunuch priests, 269 _sq._;
called by Lucian the Assyrian Hera, 280 _n._ 5;
the Heavenly Goddess, 303;
the planet Venus her star, ii. 35

—— Aphrodite, i. 304 _n._

Asteria, mother of the Tyrian Hercules (Melcarth), i. 112

Astyages, king of the Medes, i. 133 _n._ 1

_Asvattha_ tree, i. 82

Atargatis, Syrian goddess, i. 34 _n._ 3, 137;
worshipped at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 162 _sq._;
derivation of the name, 162;
her husband-god, 162 _sq._

Ates, a Phrygian, i. 286

Athamas, the dynasty of, i. 287

Athanasius, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 217

’Atheh, Cilician goddess, i. 162

Athena, temple of, at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145;
and hot springs, 209, 210

——, Magarsian, a Cilician goddess, i. 169 _n._ 3

—— Sciras, sanctuary of, ii. 238

Athenian boys, race of, at the vintage, ii. 238;
boy carrying an olive-branch in procession, 238

Athenians, their superstition as to an eclipse of the moon, ii. 141

Athens, sacred serpent at, i. 87;
the Commemoration of the Dead at, 234;
sacrifice of an ox at, 296 _sq._;
marriage custom at, ii. 245

Athribis, heart of Osiris at, ii. 11

Athyr, Egyptian month, ii. 8, 41, 49 _n._ 1;
Osiris murdered on the seventeenth day of, 8, 84;
festival of Osiris in the month of, 84 _sqq._, 91

Atonga, tribe of Lake Nyassa, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199

Attica, summer festival of Adonis in, i. 226

Attis, priests of Cybele called, i. 140;
sometimes identified with Adonis, 263;
myth and ritual of, 263 _sqq._;
beloved by Cybele, 263, 282;
legends of his death, 264;
his legend at Pessinus, 264;
his self-mutilation, 264 _sq._;
and the pine-tree, 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 _sq._, 285, ii. 98 _n._ 5;
his eunuch priests, i. 265, 266;
festival of his death and resurrection in March, 267 _sqq._, 272 _sq._,
307 _sq._;
violets sprung from the blood of, 267;
the mourning for, 272;
bath of bull’s blood in the rites of, 274 _sqq._;
mysteries of, 274 _sq._;
as a god of vegetation, 277 _sqq._, 279;
as the Father God, 281 _sqq._;
identified with Zeus, 282;
as a sky-god, 282 _sqq._;
emasculation of, suggested explanation of myth, 283;
his star-spangled cap, 284;
identified with Phrygian moon-god Men Tyrannus, 284;
human representatives of, 285 _sqq._;
title borne by priests of Cybele, 285, 287

——, Adonis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

Atys, son of Croesus, his death, i. 286;
early king of Lydia, 286

Aubrey, John, on soul-cakes, ii. 78

Augustine on the effeminate priests of the Great Mother, i. 298;
on the heathen origin of Christmas, 305;
on the discovery of corn by Isis, ii. 116;
on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

Augustodunum (Autun), worship of Cybele at, i. 279

Augustus reputed a son of Apollo, i. 81

Aulus Gellius on the influence of the moon, ii. 132

Aun, or On, King of Sweden, sacrifices his sons to Odin, ii. 220

Aunis, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69 _sq._

Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, i. 38

Aurohuacas, Indians of Colombia, i. 23 _n._ 2

Aust, E., on the marriage of the Roman gods, ii. 236 _n._ 1

Australia, belief as to the reincarnation of the dead in, i. 99 _sqq._

Australian aborigines, their preparation for marriage, i. 60;
their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, 99 _sqq._;
their cuttings for the dead, 268

Austria, leaping over Midsummer fires in, i. 251

“Awakening of Hercules,” festival at Tyre, i. 111

Awemba, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, ii. 174;
their worship of ancestral spirits, 175;
their prayers to dead kings before going to war, 191 _sq._

Axe, emblem of Hittite god of thundering sky, i. 134;
as divine emblem, 163;
symbol of Asiatic thunder-god, 183

——, double-headed, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;
carried by Lydian kings, 182;
a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;
figured on coins, 183 _n._

Ba-bwende, a tribe of the Congo, i. 271 _n._

Ba-sundi, a tribe of the Congo, i. 271 _n._

Baal, Semitic god, i. 15, 16;
royal names compounded with, 16;
as the god of fertility, 26 _sq._;
conceived as god who fertilizes land by subterranean water, 159

—— and Sandan at Tarsus, i. 142 _sq._, 161

—— of the Lebanon, i. 32

—— of Tarsus, i. 117 _sqq._, 162 _sq._

Baalath or Astarte, i. 26, 34

—— and Baal, i. 27

—— Gebal, i. 14

Baalbec, i. 28;
sacred prostitution at, 37;
image of Hadad at, 163

Baalim, firstlings and first-fruits offered to the, i. 27;
called lovers, 75 _n._

Babylon, early kings of, worshipped as gods, i. 15;
worship of Mylitta at, 36;
religious prostitution at, 58;
human wives of Marduk at, 71;
sanctuary of Serapis at, ii. 119 _n._

Babylonia, worship of Tammuz in, i. 6 _sqq._;
the moon-god took precedence of the sun-god in ancient, ii. 138 _sq._

Babylonian hymns to Tammuz, i. 9

Bacchanals tear Pentheus in pieces, ii. 98

Bacchic orgies suppressed by Roman government, i. 301 _n._ 2

Bacchylides as to Croesus on the pyre, i. 175 _sq._

Backbone of Osiris represented by the _ded_ pillar, ii. 108 _sq._

Baden, feast of All Souls in, ii. 74

Baethgen, F., on goddess ’Hatheh, i. 162 _n._ 2

Baganda, their worship of the python, i. 86;
rebirth of the dead among the, 92 _sq._;
their theory of earthquakes, 199;
their presentation of infants to the new moon, ii. 144, 145;
ceremony observed by the king at new moon, 147;
their worship of dead kings, 167 _sqq._;
their veneration for the ghosts of dead relations, 191 _n._ 1;
their pantheon, 196;
human sacrifices offered to prolong the life of their kings, 223 _sqq._

Bagishu (Bageshu) of Mount Elgon, reincarnation of the dead among the, i.
92

Bagobos of the Philippine Islands, their theory of earthquakes, i. 200;
of Mindanao, their custom of hanging and spearing human victims, 290
_sq._

Baharutsis, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179

Bahima, their belief as to dead kings and chiefs, i. 83 _n._ 1

—— of Ankole in Central Africa, their worship of the dead, ii. 190 _sq._;
their belief in a supreme god Lugaba, 190

—— of Kiziba, ii. 173

Baigas, Dravidian tribe of India, their objection to agriculture, i. 89

Bailly, French astronomer, on the Arctic origin of the rites of Adonis, i.
229

Bairu, the, of Kiziba, ii. 173

Baku, on the Caspian, perpetual fires at, i. 192

Balinese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198

_Baloi_, witches and wizards, ii. 104

Banana, women impregnated by the flower of the, i. 93

Bangalas of the Congo, rebirth of dead among the, i. 92. _See also_ Boloki

Bantu tribes, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i.
82 _sqq._;
their worship of ancestral spirits, ii. 174 _sqq._;
their main practical religion a worship of ancestors, 176 _sqq._;
their worship of the dead, 176 _sqq._, 191 _sqq._

Banyoro, their worship of serpents, i. 86 _n._ 1

Baptism of bull’s blood in the rites of Cybele, i. 274 _sqq._

Bar-rekub, king of Samal, i. 15 _sq._

Baralongs, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179

Barea and Kunama, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66

Barley forced for festival, i. 240, 241, 242, 244, 251 _sq._

—— and wheat discovered by Isis, ii. 116

Barotse, a Bantu tribe of the Zambesi, their belief in a supreme god
Niambe, ii. 193;
their worship of dead kings, 194 _sq._

Barren women resort to graves in order to get children, i. 90;
entice souls of dead children to them, 94

Barrenness of women cured by passing through holed stone, i. 36, with _n._
4;
removed by serpent, 86;
children murdered as a remedy for, 95

Barrows of Halfdan, ii. 100

Barsom, bundle of twigs used by Parsee priests, i. 191 _n._ 2

Barth, H., on sculptures at BoghazKeui, i. 133 _n._ 1

Basil, pots of, on St. John’s Day in Sicily, i. 245

Basuto chiefs buried secretly, ii. 104

Basutos, worship of the dead among the, ii. 179 _sq._

Bataks of Sumatra, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199 _sq._

Batara-guru, the Batak creator, i. 199 _sq._

Bath in river at the rites of Cybele, i. 273, 274 _n._;
of bull’s blood in the rites of Attis, 274 _sqq._;
of image of Cybele perhaps a rain-charm, 280

—— of Aphrodite, i. 280

—— of Demeter, i. 280

—— of Hera in the river Burrha, i. 280;
in the spring of Canathus, 280

Bathing on St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), i. 246 _sqq._;
pagan origin of the custom, 249

Baths of Hercules, i. 212

—— of Solomon in Moab, i. 215

Batoo Bedano, an earthquake god, i. 202

Battle, purificatory ceremonies after a, ii. 251 _sq._

—— of the gods and giants, i. 157

Baudissin, W. W. Graf von, on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 1;
on Adonis as the personification of the spring vegetation, 228 _n._ 6;
on summer festival of Adonis, 232 _n._

Bavaria, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244

Bawenda, the, of South Africa, the positions of their villages hidden, ii.
251

Bearded Venus, in Cyprus, i. 165, ii. 259 _n._ 3

Beaufort, F., on perpetual flame in Lycia, i. 222 _n._

Bechuana ritual at founding a new town, ii. 249

Bechuanas, their sacrifice of a blind bull on various occasions, ii. 249,
250 _sq._

Bede, on the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Beech, M. W. H., on serpent-worship, i. 85

_Beena_ marriage in Ceylon, ii. 215

Begbie, General, i. 62 _n._

Bel or Marduk at Babylon, i. 71

Belgium, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Bellerophon and Pegasus, i. 302 _n._ 4

Bellona and Mars, ii. 231

Ben-hadad, king of Damascus, i. 15

Bendall, Professor C., i. 229 _n._ 1

Benefit of clergy, i. 68

Bengal, the Oraons and Mundas of, i. 46, 240

Benin, human victims crucified at, i. 294 _n._ 3

Bent, J. Theodore, discovers ruins of Olba, i. 151;
identifies site of Hieropolis-Castabala, 168 _n._ 1

Berecynthia, title of Cybele, i. 279 _n._ 4

Berenice and Ptolemy, annual festival in their honour, ii. 35 _n._ 1

Bes, Egyptian god, i. 118 _n._ 1

Bethlehem, worship of Adonis at, i. 257 _sqq._;
fertility of the neighbourhood, 257 _n._ 3;
the Star of, 259

Betsileo of Madagascar, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the
dead, i. 83

Bghais, a Karen tribe of Burma, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 60
_sq._

Bhâdon, Indian month, i. 243

Bharbhunjas, of the Central Provinces, India, marriage custom of the, ii.
262

Bharias, of the Central Provinces, India, exchange of costume between men
and women at marriage among the, ii. 260 _sq._

Bhujariya, festival in the Central Provinces of India, i. 242

Bilaspore, infant burial in, i. 94 _sq._;
annual festival of the dead in, ii. 60

Bion on the scarlet anemone, i. 226 _n._ 1

Bird, soul of a tree in a, ii. 111 _n._ 1

—— called “the soul of Osiris,” ii. 110

Birds burnt in honour of Artemis, i. 126 _n._ 2;
white, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

Birks, Rev. E. B., on harvest custom at Orwell, i. 237 _n._ 4

Birth, new, through blood in rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._;
of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 _sq._

Birthday of the Sun, the twenty-fifth of December, i. 303 _sqq._

Bisa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, ii. 193

Bishnois of the Punjaub, infant burial among the, i. 94

Bithynians invoke Attis, i. 282

Black-snake clan, i. 100

_Blay_, men’s clubhouse in the Pelew Islands, ii. 265

Blekinge, province of Sweden, Midsummer custom in, i. 251

Blind bull sacrificed at the foundation of a town, ii. 249;
sacrificed before an army going to war, 250

Blood, bath of bull’s, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sqq._;
remission of sins through the shedding of, 299;
used in expiation for homicide, 299 _n._ 2;
of pig used in exorcism and purification, 299 _n._ 2;
not to be shed in certain sacrifices, ii. 222 _n._ 2

Blood, the Day of, in the festival of Attis, i. 268, 285

Blowing of Trumpets in the festival of Attis, i. 268

Blue Spring, the, at Syracuse, i. 213 _n._ 1

Boar, Attis killed by a, i. 264

Bocage of Normandy, rule as to the clipping of wool in the, ii. 134 _n._ 3

Bodies of the dead, magical uses made of the, ii. 100 _sqq._;
guarded against mutilation, 103;
thought to be endowed with magical powers, 103, 104 _sq._

Bodroum in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 167

Boghaz-Keui, Hittite capital, excavations of H. Winckler at, i. 125 _n._;
situation and remains, 128 _sqq._;
the gods of, 128 _sqq._;
rock-hewn sculptures at, 129 _sqq._

Bohemia, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;
feast of All Souls in, ii. 72 _sq._

Bolivia, the Chiriguanos Indians of, ii. 143 _n._ 4, 145

Boloki, or Bangala, of the Upper Congo, their ceremonies at the new moon,
ii. 143;
attempt to deceive spirit of disease among the, 262

Bones of the dead used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 22;
of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, ii. 103 _sq._

——, fossil, source of myths about giants, i. 157 _sq._

Bonfire on St. John’s Eve, dances round it, i. 245

_Book of the Dead_, ii. 13

Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 _n._ 1

Borneo, custom of head-hunting in, i. 294 _sqq._;
effeminate sorcerers in, ii. 253, 256

Bosanquet, Professor R. C., on the Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 _n._ 2

Bosman, W., on serpent-worship, i. 67

Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, i. 66 _n._ 3, 69

Boys of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._;
dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, 260;
marriage customs to ensure the birth of, 262

Brahman marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, ii. 260

Brazil, the Apinagos Indians of, ii. 145 _sqq._

Brazilian Indians, their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on
children, ii. 148

Bread, fast from, in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, ii. 121 _n._ 3;
on Amenophis IV., 123 _n._ 1;
on the Sed festival, 156 _n._ 1

Breath not to defile sacred flame, i. 191

Brethren of the Ploughed Fields (_Fratres Arvales_), a Roman college of
priests, ii. 239.
_See also_ Arval Brethren

“Bride” of the Nile, ii. 38

—— and Bridegroom at Midsummer in Sweden, i. 251

Bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

British Columbia, the Indians of, respect the animals and plants which
they eat, ii. 44

Brittany, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69;
belief as to warts and the moon in, 149

Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, i. 220 _sq._

Brother of a god, i. 51;
dead elder, worshipped, ii. 175

Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, i. 44;
in ancient Egypt, ii. 214 _sqq._;
their intention to keep the property in the family, 215 _sq._

Brown, A. R., on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the
causes of childbirth, i. 104 _sqq._

Brown, Dr. George, on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, i. 84

Bruges, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, ii. 26 _n._ 1;
on the Sothic period, 37 _n._;
on the grave of Osiris at Philae, 111;
on Isis as a personified corn-field, 117

Buddha and Buddhism, ii. 159

Buddhism, spiritual declension of, i. 310 _sq._

Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, on goddess Net, i. 282 _n._;
on an Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15 _n._ 2;
on Isis, 115 _sq._;
on the nature of Osiris, 126 _n._ 2;
on the solar theory of Osiris, 131 _n._ 3;
on the historical reality of Osiris, 160 _n._ 1;
on Khenti-Amenti, 198 _n._ 2

Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children,
i. 104 _sq._

Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 253
_sq._

Bulgaria, marriage customs in, ii. 246

Bull as emblem of generative force, i. 123;
worshipped by the Hittites, 123, 132;
emblem of Hittite thunder-god, 134 _sqq._;
Hittite god standing on a, 135;
as emblem of a thunder-god, 136;
as symbol of thunder and fertility, 163 _sq._;
the emblem of the Father God, 164;
worshipped at Euyuk, 164;
testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276;
sacrificed at Egyptian funeral, ii. 15;
white, soul of dead king incarnate in a, 164;
sacrificed to prolong the life of a king, 222;
sacrificed to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, 238;
blinded and sacrificed at the foundation of a town, 249

Bull’s blood, bath of, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._

—— hide cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, ii.
249;
bride seated on a, 246

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, ii. 15 _n._ 2

Bulls, husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, i. 163

—— sacrificed at caves of Pluto, i. 206;
sacrificed to Persephone, 213 _n._ 1;
sacrificed to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Burial at cross-roads, i. 93 _n._ 1

—— of infants to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 _sqq._;
at Gezer, 108 _sq._;
of Osiris in his rites, ii. 88

Burma, the Bghais of, ii. 60

Burmese, their conduct during an earthquake, i. 201

Burne, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson on “Souling Day” in Shropshire,
ii. 78 _sq._

Burning of Melcarth, i. 110 _sqq._;
of Sandan, 117 _sqq._;
of Cilician gods, 170 _sq._;
of Sardanapalus, 172 _sqq._;
of Croesus, 174 _sqq._;
of a god, 188 _sq._

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, i. 177 _sq._;
for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, i. 230 _sq._

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, i. 179 _sq._

—— Land of Lydia, i. 193 _sq._

Burrha, river, Hera’s bath in the, i. 280

Buru, East Indian island, use of oil as a charm in, i. 21 _n._ 2

Busiris, backbone of Osiris at, ii. 11;
specially associated with Osiris, 18;
the ritual of, 86;
rites of Osiris at, 87 _sq._;
festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;
temple of Usirniri at, 151

Busiro, the district containing the graves and temples of the kings of
Uganda, ii. 168, 169, 224

Bustard totem, i. 104

Buto, city in Egypt, ii. 10

Butterflies, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 164

Byblus, Adonis at, i. 13 _sqq._;
the kings of, 14 _sqq._;
mourning for Adonis at, 38;
religious prostitution at, 58;
inspired prophets at, 75 _sq._;
festival of Adonis at, 225;
Osiris and Isis at, ii. 9;
the queen of, 9;
Osiris associated with, 22 _sq._, 127;
its relation to Egypt, 127 _n._ 1

Byrsa, origin of the name, ii. 250

Cadmus turned into a snake, i. 86 _sq._;
perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes, ii. 241

——, Mount, i. 207

Cadys, a Lydian, i. 183

Caeculus, son of the fire-god Vulcan, ii. 235

Caesar introduces the Julian calendar, ii. 37;
as to German observation of the moon, 141

Caffre purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, ii. 38, 39 _sq._

Calabar district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, ii. 104

Calabria, Easter custom in, i. 254

Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, i. 203 _n._ 2

Calendar, the natural, ii. 25

——, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, ii. 84

——, the Coptic, ii. 6 _n._ 3

——, the Egyptian, ii. 24 _sqq._;
date of its introduction, 36 _n._ 2

—— of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 30 _sqq._

—— of Esne, ii. 49 _sq._

—— of the Indians of Yucatan, ii. 28 _n._

——, the Julian, ii. 93 _n._ 1

—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28 _n._ 3

—— of Philocalus, i. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, ii. 95 _n._ 1

Calendars, the Roman Rustic, ii. 95 _n._ 1

California, the Karok Indians of, ii. 47;
the Indians of, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 _sq._

Californian Indians eat pine nuts, i. 278 _n._ 2;
their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,”
ii. 111 _n._ 1

Callaway, Rev. Henry, on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, ii. 184
_sq._

Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, i. 214 _sqq._

Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232 _sq._

Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, i. 167 _n._ 2

Camasene and Janus, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Cambodia, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 61 _sq._

Cambridge, personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda,
preserved at, ii. 197

Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, i. 176 _n._ 2

Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, i. 299 _n._ 2

Camul, custom as to hospitality in, i. 39 _n._ 3

Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, i. 17

Canathus, Hera’s annual bath in the spring of, i. 280

Candaules, king of Lydia, i. 182, 183

Canicular year, a Sothic period, ii. 36 _n._ 2

Canopic decree, ii. 34 _n._ 1, 37 _n._, 88 _n._ 2

Canopus, the decree of, ii. 27

Capaneus and Evadne, i. 177 _n._ 3

Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of
children, i. 102

Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, i. 290 _n._
2

Capitol at Rome, ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, ii. 244

Cappadocia, volcanic region of, i. 189 _sqq._;
fire-worship in, 191 _sq._

Car Nicobar, exorcism in, i. 299 _n._ 2

Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, i. 123, 137 _n._ 2, 138 _n._

Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 80

Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, i. 182;
poisonous vapours in, 205 _sq._

Carians, their mourning for Osiris, ii. 86 _n._ 1

Caribs worshipped the moon in preference to the sun, ii. 138

Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, i. 229 _n._ 1

Carna and Janus, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Carnae, temples at, ii. 124;
the sculptures at, 154

Carnival at Rome in the rites of Attis, i. 273

—— custom in Thracian villages, ii. 99 _sq._

Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Carthage, legend and worship of Dido at, i. 113 _sq._;
Hamilcar worshipped at, 116;
the _suffetes_ of, 116 _n._ 1;
rites of Cybele at, 274 _n._;
the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, 298;
legend as to the foundation of, ii. 250

Casalis, E., on serpent-worship, i. 84;
on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, ii. 179 _sq._

Castabala in Cappadocia, i. 168

—— in Cilicia, worship of Perasian Artemis at, i. 115, 167 _sqq._

Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, ii. 146
_sq._

Castiglione a Casauria, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Castor’s tune, i. 196 _n._ 3

Castration of Cronus and Uranus, i. 283;
of sky-god, suggested explanation of, 283;
of priests, suggested explanation of, 283 _sq._

Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, i. 179

Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, i. 194;
gardens of Adonis at, 245

Catholic Church, the ritual of the, i. 54;
ceremonies on Good Friday in the, 254, 255 _sq._

Cato, i. 43

Catullus on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, i. 270

Caucasus, the Albanians of the, i. 73;
the Chewsurs of the, ii. 65

Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, i. 181

Caverns of Demeter, i. 88

Caves, limestone, i. 152;
in Semitic religion, 169 _n._ 3

Cecrops, father of Agraulus, i. 145

Cedar forests of Cilicia, i. 149, 150 _n._ 1

—— sprung from the body of Osiris, ii. 110

—— -tree god, Osiris interpreted as a, ii. 109 _n._ 1

Celaenae, skin of Marsyas shown at, i. 288

Celebes, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

——, Central, the Toradjas of, ii. 33

——, Southern, marriage custom in, ii. 260

Celenderis in Cilicia, i. 41

Celtic year reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81

Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, ii. 34 _n._ 1

Central Provinces of India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242 _sq._

Ceos, the rising of Sirius observed in, ii. 35 _n._ 1;
rule as to the pollution of death in, 227

Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, ii. 30

Ceremonies, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 _sqq._

Ceres married to Orcus, ii. 231

Ceylon, _beena_ marriage in, ii. 215

Chadwick, Professor H. M., ii. 81 _n._ 3;
on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, 100 _n._ 2;
on a priest dressed as a woman, 259 _n._ 2

Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed
Alexandrian year, ii. 92 _sqq._

Chants, plaintive, of corn-reapers in antiquity, ii. 45 _sq._

Charlemagne compared to Osiris, ii. 199

Charm, to protect a town, ii. 249 _sqq._

Charon, places of, i. 204, 205

_Charonia_, places of Charon, i. 204

Chastity, ceremonial, i. 43;
ordeal of, 115 _n._ 2

Chent-Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Chephren, King of Egypt, his statue, ii. 21 _sq._

Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the corn, ii. 46 _sq._;
their lamentations after “the first working of the corn,” 47

Cheshire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79

Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 65

Cheyne, T. K., on lament for kings of Judah, i. 20 _n._ 2

Chief, ancestral, reincarnate in snakes, i. 84

Chiefs in the Pelew Islands, custom of slaying, ii. 266 _sqq._

——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 _sq._, 187;
thought to control the rain, 188;
human sacrifices to, 191;
spirits of, prophesy through living men and women, 192 _sq._

“Child-stones,” where souls of dead await rebirth, i. 100

Childbirth, primitive ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 _sq._

Childless women expect offspring from St. George, i. 78;
resort to Baths of Solomon, 78;
receive offspring from serpent, 86;
resort to graves in order to secure offspring, 96;
resort to hot springs in Syria, 213 _sqq._

Children bestowed by saints, i. 78 _sq._;
given by serpent, 86;
murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, 95;
sacrificed to volcano in Siao, 219;
sacrificed at irrigation channels, ii. 38;
sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;
presented to the moon, 144 _sqq._

—— of God, i. 68

—— of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._;
apparently thought to be endowed with more vitality than others, 247
_sq._

Chili, earthquakes in, i. 202

Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, i. 221

China, funeral of emperor of, i. 294

Chinese author on disturbance of earth-spirits by agriculture, i. 89

—— character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, ii. 218

Chios, men sacrificed to Dionysus in, ii. 98 _sq._

Chiriguanos Indians of Bolivia, their address to the sun, ii. 143 _n._ 4

Chiriqui, volcano, i. 181

Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, i. 31

Chnum of Elephantine identified with the sun, ii. 123

Choctaws, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 53 _sq._

Christ crucified on March 25th, tradition, i. 306

Christian, F. W., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 265
_sq._

Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, i. 308

Christianity and paganism, their resemblances explained as diabolical
counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._

Christians and pagans, their controversy as to Easter, i. 309 _sq._

Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, i. 302
_sqq._;
the heathen origin of, 305

Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV., ii. 124

Chukchees of North-Eastern Asia, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 256
_sq._

Cicero at Cybistra, i. 122 _n._ 3;
corresponds with Cilician king, 145 _n._ 2

Cilicia, male deity of, assimilated to Zeus, i. 118 _sq._;
kings of, their affinity to Sandan, 144;
the Assyrians in, 173

——, Western or Rugged, described, i. 148 _sqq._;
fossils of, 152 _sq._

Cilician deity assimilated to Zeus, i. 144 _sqq._, 148, 152

—— Gates, pass of the, i. 120

—— goddesses, i. 161 _sqq._

—— gods, the burning of, i. 170 _sq._

—— pirates, i. 149 _sq._

—— priests, names of, i. 144

Cincius Alimentus, L., on Maia as the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232

Cinyrads, dynasty of the, i. 41 _sqq._

Cinyras, the father of Adonis, i. 13, 14, 49;
king of Byblus, 27;
founds sanctuary of Astarte, 28;
said to have instituted religious prostitution, 41, 50;
his daughters, 41, 50;
his riches, 42;
his incest, 43;
wooed by Aphrodite, 48 _sq._;
meaning of the name, 52;
the friend of Apollo, 54;
legends of his death, 55

Ciotat in Provence, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248

Circumcision, exchange of dress between men and women at, ii. 263

Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, i. 31, 50

Civilization, ancient, undermined by Oriental religions and other causes,
i. 299 _sqq._

Claudianus, Lucius Minius, i. 164

Claudius, the Emperor, and the rites of Attis, i. 266

Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, i. 266 _n._ 2

Clavigero, on the Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._

Cleomenes, King of Sparta, and serpents, i. 87

Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, i. 113

Climatic and geographical conditions, their effect on national character,
ii. 217

Clymenus, king of Arcadia, his incest, i. 44 _n._ 1

Cnossus in Crete, prehistoric palace at, i. 34

Cochinchina, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Cock as emblem of a priest of Attis, i. 279

Codrington, Dr. R. H., on mother-kin in Melanesia, ii. 211

Coimbatore, dancing-girls at, i. 62

Coincidence between the Christian and the heathen festivals of the divine
death and resurrection, i. 308 _sq._

Cologne, Petrarch at, on St. John’s Eve, i. 247 _sq._

Colombia, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136

Comana, in Cappadocia, i. 136 _n._ 1

—— in Pontus, worship of goddess Ma at, i. 39;
swine not allowed to enter, 265 _n._ 1

——, the two cities, i. 168 _n._ 6

Commemoration of the Dead at Athens, i. 234

Commodus, conspiracy against, i. 273;
addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118

Communal rights over women, i. 40, 61 _n._

Compromise of Christianity with paganism, parallel with Buddhism, i. 310
_sqq._

Conception, supposed, without sexual intercourse, i. 91, 93 _n._ 2, 264;
in women supposed to be caused by food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105.
_See also_ Impregnation

Conceptional animals and plants as causes of pregnancy in women, i. 97
_sq._, 104 _sq._

Concubines, human, of the god Ammon, i. 72

Conder, C. R., on “holy men” in Syria, i. 77 _n._ 4;
on turning money at the new moon, ii. 149 _n._ 2

Condylea in Arcadia, sacred grove of Artemis at, i. 291

Cone, image of Astarte, i. 14

Cones as emblems of a goddess, i. 34 _sqq._;
votive, found in Babylonia, 35 _n._ 5

Confession of the dead, the Egyptian, ii. 13 _sq._

Confucianism, ii. 160

Congo, burial of infants on the, i. 91;
priest dressed as a woman on the, ii. 254 _sq._

Conibos Indians of the Ucayali River, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198

Conical stone as divine emblem, i. 165, 166

Constantine destroys temple of Astarte, i. 28;
suppresses sacred prostitution, 37;
removes standard cubit from the Serapeum, ii. 216 _sq._

Consus and Ops, ii. 233 _n._ 6

Contest for the throne of Egypt, traditions of a, ii. 17 _sq._

Cook, A. B., i. 49 _n._ 6;
on name of priest of Corycian Zeus, 155 _n._ 1;
on the death of Romulus, ii. 98 _n._ 2;
on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 241 _n._ 3;
on traces of mother-kin in the myth and ritual of Hercules, 259 _n._ 4

Coomassie, in Ashantee, i. 201

Copenhagen, bathing on St. John’s Eve at, i. 248

Coptic calendar, ii. 6 _n._ 3

Corea, dance of eunuchs in, i. 270 _n._ 2

Coreans, their ceremony on the fifteenth day of the moon, ii. 143

Corn sprouting from the dead body of Osiris, ii. 89;
water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, i. 237 _sq._

—— and grapes, symbols of the god of Tarsus, i. 119, 143;
of the god of Ibreez, 121;
figured with double-headed axe on Lydian coin, 183

—— and vine, emblems of the gods of Tarsus and Ibreez, i. 160 _sq._

—— -god, Adonis as a, i. 230 _sqq._;
Attis as a, 279;
mourned at midsummer, ii. 34;
Osiris as a, 89 _sqq._, 96 _sqq._

—— -reaping in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece, date of the, i. 231 _n._ 3

—— -sieve, severed limbs of Osiris placed on a, ii. 97

—— -spirit, Tammuz or Adonis as a, i. 230 _sqq._;
propitiation of the, perhaps fused with a worship of the dead, 233
_sqq._;
represented as a dead old man, ii. 48, 96;
represented by human victims, 97, 106 _sq._

—— -stuffed effigies of Osiris buried with the dead as a symbol of
resurrection, ii. 90 _sq._, 114

—— -wreaths as first-fruits, i. 43;
worn by Arval Brethren, i. 44 _n._

Coronation, human sacrifices to prolong a king’s life at his, ii. 223

Corycian cave, priests of Zeus at the, i. 145;
the god of the, 152 _sqq._;
described, 153 _sq._;
saffron at the, 187;
name perhaps derived from crocus, 187

Corycus in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 153

Cos, traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259;
Sacred Marriage in, 259 _n._ 4;
bridegroom dressed as woman in, 260

Cosenza in Calabria, Easter custom at, i. 254

Cotys, king of Lydia, i. 187

Cow, image of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 50, 84;
Isis represented with the head of a, 50;
thought to be impregnated by moonshine, 130 _sq._

—— goddess Shenty, ii. 88

Cows sacred to Isis, ii. 50

Creation of the world thought to be annually repeated, i. 284

Crescent-shaped chest in the rites of Osiris, ii. 85, 130

Crests of the Cilician pirates, i. 149

Crete, sacred trees and pillars in, i. 107 _n._ 2

Crimea, the Taurians of the, i. 294

Crocodile-shaped hero, i. 139 _n._ 1

Croesus, king of Lydia, captures Pteria, i. 128;
the burning of, 174 sqq., 179;
his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, 180 _n._ 1;
dedicates golden lion at Delphi, 184;
his son Atys, 286

Cronion, a Greek month, ii. 238.

Cronus, identified with Phoenician El, i. 166;
castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, 283;
name applied to winter, ii. 41

Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems of Osiris, ii. 108, 153, compare
20

Crooke, W., on sacred dancing-girls, i. 65 _n._ 1;
on Mohammedan saints, 78 _n._ 2;
on infant burial, 93 _sq._;
on the custom of the False Bride, ii. 262 _n._ 2

Crops dependent on serpent-god, i. 67;
human victims sacrificed for the, 290 _sq._

Cross-roads, burial at, i. 93 _n._ 1

Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, i. 143

Crowns as amulets, ii. 242 _sq._;
laid aside in mourning, etc., 243 _n._ 2

—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, ii. 21 _n._ 1

Crucifixion of Christ, tradition as to the date of, i. 306

—— of human victims at Benin, i. 294 _n._ 3;
gentile, at the spring equinox, 307 _n._

_Crux ansata_, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 89

Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, ii. 217

Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), ii. 206
_sq._

Cumont, Professor Franz, on the _taurobolium_, i. 275 _n._ 1;
on the Nativity of the Sun, 303 _n._ 3;
as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, 310 _n._ 1

Customs of the Pelew Islanders, ii. 253 _sqq._, 266 _sqq._

Cuthar, father of Adonis, i. 13 _n._ 2

Cuttings for the dead, i. 268

Cyaxares, king of the Medes, i. 133 _n._, 174

Cybele, the image of, i. 35 _n._ 3;
her cymbals and tambourines, 54;
her lions and turreted crown, 137;
priests of, called Attis, 140;
the Mother of the Gods, 263;
her love for Attis, 263, 282;
her worship adopted by the Romans, 265;
sacrifice of virility to image of, 268;
subterranean chambers of, 268;
orgiastic rites of, 278;
a goddess of fertility, 279;
worshipped in Gaul, 279;
fasts observed by the worshippers of, 280;
a friend of Marsyas, 288;
effeminate priests of, ii. 257, 258

Cybistra in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122, 124

Cymbal, drinking out of a, i. 274

Cymbals in religious music, i. 52, 54

—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, i. 54

Cynopolis, the cemetery of, ii. 90

Cypriote syllabary, i. 49 _n._ 7

Cyprus, Phoenicians in, i. 31 _sq._;
Adonis in, 31 _sqq._;
sacred prostitution in, 36, 50, 59;
Melcarth worshipped in, 117;
human sacrifices in, 145 _sq._;
the bearded Venus in, ii. 259 _n._ 3

Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, i. 224 _n._ 2

Cyrus and Croesus, i. 174 _sqq._

Cyzicus, worship of the Placianian Mother at, i. 274 _n._

Dacia, hot springs in, i. 213

Dacotas, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130

_Dad_ pillar. _See_ _Ded_ pillar

Dahomans, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66

Dahomey, kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97 _n._ 7.

Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, his custom as to the pollution of death,
ii. 228;
bound to live apart from his wife, 229

Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, ii. 213 _n._ 1

Damascus, Aramean kings of, i. 15

Damasen, a giant, i. 186

Damatrius, a Greek month, ii. 49 _n._ 1

Dams in Egypt, the cutting of the, ii. 31 _sq._, 37 _sq._, 39 _sq._

Dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 _n._ 2;
on the Congo, 271 _n._;
of hermaphrodites in Pegu, 271 _n._;
sacred, at the Sed festival, ii. 154;
of king before the ghosts of his ancestor, 192

Dances, religious, i. 61, 65, 68;
at festivals of the dead, ii. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59;
at the new moon, 142

Dancing-girls in India, harlots and wives of the gods, i. 61 _sqq._

Dañh-gbi, python-god, i. 66

Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis, ii. 67 _n._ 2;
his theory as to the date of the _Gathas_, ii. 84 _n._

_Dâsî_, dancing-girl, i. 63

Dastarkon in Cappadocia, i. 147 _n._ 3

Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280

Daughter of a god, i. 51

David, King, in relation to the old kings of Jerusalem, i. 18 _sq._;
his conquest of Ammon, 19;
his taking of a census, 24;
as a harper, 52, 53, 54

—— and Goliath, i. 19 _n._ 2

—— and Saul, i. 21

Davis, Mr. R. F., on harvest custom in Nottinghamshire, i. 238 _n._

Day of Blood in rites of Attis, i. 268, 285

De Plano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, ii. 239

Dead, Festival of the, in Java, i. 220;
worship of the, perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit,
233 _sqq._;
cuttings for the, 268;
Osiris king and judge of the, ii. 13 _sq._;
the Egyptian, identified with Osiris, 16;
annual festivals of the, 51 _sqq._;
the spirits of the, personated by living men, 52, 53, 58;
magical uses made of their bodies, 100 _sqq._;
worship of the, among the Bantu tribes of Africa, 176 _sqq._
_See also_ Ancestral spirits

——, reincarnation of the, i. 82 _sqq._;
in America, 91;
in Africa, 91 _sq._

—— kings and chiefs worshipped in Africa, ii. 160 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 _sq._;
incarnate in animals, 162, 163 _sq._, 173;
consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;
human sacrifices to, 173;
worshipped by the Barotse, 194 _sq._

—— men believed to beget children, i. 91, 264

—— Sea, i. 23

Death in the fire as an apotheosis, i. 179 _sq._;
the pollution of, ii. 227 _sqq._

—— and resurrection, annual, of gods, i. 6;
of Adonis represented in his rites, 224 _sq._;
coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine,
308;
of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85 _sq._;
of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126 _sqq._

December, the twenty-fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice, and the
birthday of the Sun, i. 303 _sqq._

Decline of the civic virtues under the influence of Oriental religions, i.
300 _sq._

_Ded_ or _tet_ pillar, the backbone of Osiris, ii. 108 _sq._

Dedicated men and women in Africa, i. 65 _sqq._

Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, i. 61 _sqq._;
of children to gods, 79

Dee, river, holed stone in the, i. 36 _n._ 4

Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, i. 24 _n._ 2

Delos, sacred embassy to, ii. 244

Delphi, Apollo and the Dragon at, ii. 240

_Delphinium Ajacis_, i. 314 _n._ 1

Demeter, her sacred caverns, i. 88;
sacred vaults of, 278;
sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, ii. 41;
the month of, 41;
mysteries of, at Eleusis, 90;
at the well, 111 _n._ 6;
identified with Isis, 117

—— and ears of corn, i. 166

—— and Poseidon, i. 280

—— and the king’s son at Eleusis, i. 180

Denderah, inscriptions at, ii. 11, 86 _sqq._, 89, 91, 130 _n._;
the hall of Osiris at, 110

Derceto, goddess at Ascalon, i. 34 _n._ 3

Dervishes revered in Syria, i. 77 _n._ 4;
of Asia Minor, 170

Deucalion at Hierapolis, i. 162 _n._ 2

Deuteronomic redactor, i. 26 _n._ 1

Deuteronomy, publication of, i. 18 _n._ 3

Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as to sowing in, ii. 133 _n._ 3

_Dêvadâsî_, dancing-girl, i. 63 _sq._

_Dêvaratiâl_, dancing-girl, i. 63

Dew, bathing in the, on Midsummer Eve or Day, i. 246 _sq._, 248;
a daughter of Zeus and the moon, ii. 137

Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity
explained as, i. 302, 309 _sq._

Diana, a Mother Goddess, i. 45;
her sanctuary at Nemi, 45

Dianus and Diana, i. 27, 45

Dido flees from Tyre, i. 50;
her traditional death in the fire, 114;
worshipped at Carthage, 114;
meaning of the name, 114 _n._ 1;
an Avatar of Astarte, 177;
how she procured the site of Carthage, ii. 250

Dinant, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

_Dinkard_, a Pahlavi work, ii. 68 _n._ 2

Dinkas, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82
_sq._;
pour milk on graves, 87

Dio Chrysostom, on the people of Tarsus, i. 118;
on pyre at Tarsus, 126 _n._ 1

Diodorus Siculus, on worship of Poseidon in Peloponnese, i. 203;
on the burial of Osiris, ii. 10 _sq._;
on the rise of the Nile, 31 _n._ 1;
on the date of harvest in Egypt, 32 _n._ 2;
on Osiris as a sun-god, 120;
on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214

Diomede, human sacrifices to, i. 145

Dionysus in form of bull, i. 123;
with vine and ploughman on a coin, 166;
ancient interpretation of, 194, 213;
death, resurrection, and ascension of, 302 _n._ 4;
torn in pieces, ii. 98;
human sacrifices to, in Chios, 98 _sq._;
his coarse symbolism, 113;
identified with Osiris, 113;
race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, 238;
men dressed as women in the rites of, 258;
the effeminate, 259

Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, ii. 110

Diphilus, king of Cyprus, i. 146

Disc, winged, as divine emblem, i. 132

Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, i. 30, 225

Discovery of the body of Osiris, ii. 85 _sq._

Disease of language the supposed source of myths, ii. 42

Disguises to avert the evil eye, ii. 262;
to deceive dangerous spirits, 262 _sq._, 263 _sq._

Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested explanations of the, ii. 97;
of Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, 100, 102;
of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, 101;
of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the
country, 101 _sq._;
of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous
ghosts, 188

_Ditino_, deified dead kings, ii. 194

Divination at Midsummer, i. 252 _sq._

Divining bones, ii. 180, 181

Divinities of the volcano Kirauea, i. 217

Divinity of Semitic kings, i. 15 _sqq._;
of Lydian kings, 182 _sqq._

Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls at, ii. 70

Dobrizhoffer, M., on the respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, i. 258
_n._ 2

Doctrine of lunar sympathy, ii. 140 _sqq._

_Dôd_, “beloved,” i. 19 _n._ 2, 20 _n._ 2

Dog-star. _See_ Sirius

Doliche in Commagene, i. 136

Domaszewski, Professor A., on the rites of Attis at Rome, i. 266 _n._ 2

Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Dos Santos, J., Portuguese historian, on the method adopted by a Caffre
king to prolong his life, ii. 222 _sq._

Double, the afterbirth or placenta, regarded as a person’s double, ii. 169
_sq._

—— -headed axe, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;
carried by Lydian kings, 182;
a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;
figured on coins, 183 _n._

—— -headed eagle, Hittite emblem, i. 133 _n._

Doutté, Edmond, on sacred prostitution in Morocco, i. 39 _n._ 3

Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, i. 126 _n._ 2, 147

——, sacred, of Aphrodite, i. 33;
or Astarte, 147

Dowries earned by prostitution, i. 38, 59

Dragon slain by Cadmus at Thebes, ii. 241

—— and Apollo, at Delphi, ii. 240

Drama, sacred, of the death and resurrection of Osiris, ii. 85 _sq._

Dramas, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 _sq._

Dramatic representation of the resurrection of Osiris in his rites, ii. 85

Dreams, revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, i.
205;
spirits of the dead appear to the living in, ii. 162, 190;
as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, 255 _sqq._

Drenching last corn cut with water as a rain-charm, i. 237 _sq._

Drinking out of a king’s skull in order to be inspired by his spirit, ii.
171

Drought, kings answerable for, i. 21 _sq._

Drum, eating out of a, i. 274

Drums, human sacrifice for royal, ii. 223, 225

Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of Christmas, i. 305 _n._ 4;
on the date of the Crucifixion, 307

Dyaks of Sarawak, their custom of head-hunting, i. 295 _sq._

Ea, Babylonian god, i. 9

Eagle to carry soul to heaven, i. 126 _sq._;
double-headed, Hittite emblem, 133 _n._

Ears of corn, emblem of Demeter, i. 166

Earth as the Great Mother, i. 27

—— and sky, myth of their violent separation, i. 283

——, the goddess, mother of Typhon, i. 156

Earth-goddess annually married to Sun-god, i. 47 _sq._;
disturbed by the operations of husbandry, 88 _sqq._;
married to Sky-god, 282, with _n._ 2

—— -spirits disturbed by agriculture, i. 89

Earthquake god, i. 194 _sqq._

Earthquakes, attempts to stop, i. 196 _sqq._

East, mother-kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, ii. 212 _sqq._

Easter, gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, i. 253 _sq._;
resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, 254 _sqq._, 306;
the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, 306
_sqq._;
controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, 309 _sq._

“Eater of the Dead,” fabulous Egyptian monster, ii. 14

Eclipse of the moon, Athenian superstition as to an, ii. 141

Eden, the tree of life in, i. 186 _n._ 4

Edom, the kings of, i. 15;
their bones burned by the Moabites, ii. 104

Edonians in Thrace, Lycurgus king of the, ii. 98, 99

Eesa, a Somali tribe, ii. 246

Effect of geographical and climatic conditions on national character, ii.
217

Effeminate sorcerers or priests, order of, ii. 253 _sqq._

Effigies of Osiris, stuffed with corn, buried with the dead as a symbol of
resurrection, ii. 90 _sq._, 114

Egypt, wives of Ammon in, i. 72;
date of the corn-reaping in, 231 _n._ 3;
the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, 303;
in early June, ii. 31;
mother-kin in ancient, 213 _sqq._

Egyptian astronomers acquainted with the true length of the solar year,
ii. 26, 27, 37 _n._

—— calendar, the official, ii. 24 _sqq._;
date of its introduction, 36 _n._ 2

—— ceremony at the winter solstice, ii. 50

—— dead identified with Osiris, ii. 16

—— farmer, calendar of the, ii. 30 _sqq._;
his festivals, ii. 32 _sqq._

—— festivals, their dates shifting, ii. 24 _sq._, 92 _sqq._;
readjustment of, 91 _sqq._

—— funeral rites a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15

—— hope of immortality centred in Osiris, ii. 15 _sq._, 114, 159

—— kings worshipped as gods, i. 52;
the most ancient, buried at Abydos, ii. 19;
their oath not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, 26;
perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97 _sq._, 102;
as Osiris, 151 _sqq._;
renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen
Osiris, 153 _sq._;
born again at the Sed festival, 153, 155 _sq._;
perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay,
154 _sq._, 156

Egyptian language akin to the Semitic, ii. 161

—— months, table of, ii. 37 _n._

—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283 _n._ 3

—— people, the conservatism of their character, ii. 217 _sq._;
compared to the Chinese, 218

—— reapers, their lamentations and invocations of Isis, i. 232, ii. 45,
117

—— religion, the development of, ii. 122 _sqq._;
dominated by Osiris, 158 _sq._

—— standard resembling a placenta, ii. 156 _n._ 1

—— year vague, not corrected by intercalation, ii. 24 _sq._;
the sacred, began with the rising of Sirius, 35

Egyptians sacrifice red-haired men, ii. 97, 106;
the ancient, question of their ethnical affinity, 161

Ekoi of Southern Nigeria, their custom of mutilating men and women at
festivals, i. 270 _n._ 2

El, Phoenician god, i. 13, 16 _n._ 1;
identified with Cronus, 166

El-Bùgât, festival of mourning for Tammuz in Harran, i. 230

Elam, the kings of, their bones carried off by Ashurbanipal, ii. 103 _sq._

Eleusis, Demeter and the king’s son at, i. 180;
sacrifice of oxen at, 292 _n._ 3;
mysteries of Demeter at, ii. 90

Eli, the sons of, i. 76

Elisha prophesies to music, i. 53, 54;
finds water in the desert, 53, 75

Ellis, A. B., on sacred prostitution in West Africa, i. 65 _sq._, 69
_sq._;
on tattoo marks of priests, 74 _n._ 4;
on an ordeal of chastity, 115

Emesa, sun-god Heliogabalus at, i. 35

Empedocles leaps into the crater of Etna, i. 181

Emperor of China, funeral of an, i. 294

Ἐναγίζειν distinguished from θύειν, i. 316 _n._ 1

Enemy, charms to disable an, ii. 252

England, harvest custom in, i. 237;
the feast of All Souls in, ii. 78 _sq._

Ennius, on Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233

“Entry of Osiris into the moon,” ii. 130

Enylus, king of Byblus, i. 15 _n._

Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 269;
Hecate at, 291;
the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at, ii. 243 _sq._

Epidaurus, Aesculapius at, i. 80

Epiphany, the sixth of January, i. 305

Epirus, the kings of, their bones scattered by Lysimachus, ii. 104

Equinox, the vernal, resurrection of Attis at the, i. 273, 307 _sq._;
date of the Crucifixion assigned to the spring equinox, 307;
tradition that the world was created at the spring equinox, 307

Erechtheum, sacred serpent in the, i. 87

Erechtheus, king of Athens, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 _n._ 1;
his sacred serpent, 87

Eregli (the ancient Cybistra) in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122

Eresh-Kigal, Babylonian goddess, i. 9

_Erica_-tree, Osiris in the, ii. 9, 108, 109

Eriphyle, the necklace of, i. 32 _n._ 2

Erman, Professor A., on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18 _n._ 3;
on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, 91;
on the development of Egyptian religion, 122 _n._ 2

_Erme_ or _Nenneri_, gardens of Adonis in Sardinia, i. 244