Chapter XII: Mother-Kin and Mother Goddesses (5)

Eshmun, Phoenician deity, i. 111 _n._ 6

Esne, the festal calendar of, ii. 49 _sq._

Esquimaux of Alaska, their annual festival of the dead, i. 51 _sq._

Esthonian peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135

Esthonians, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 143

Eternal life, initiate born again to, in the rites of Cybele and Attis, i.
274 _sq._

Etesian winds, i. 35 _n._ 1

Etna, Mount, Typhon buried under, i. 156, 157;
the death of Empedocles on, 181;
the ashes of, 194;
offerings thrown into the craters of, 221

Euboea subject to earthquakes, i. 211;
date of threshing in, 232 _n._;
harvest custom in, 238

Eudoxus, on the Egyptian festivals, ii. 35 _n._ 2

Eunuch, priests of the Mother Goddess, i. 206;
in the service of Asiatic goddesses of fertility, 269 _sq._;
in various lands, 270 _n._ 2;
of Attis tattooed with pattern of ivy, 278;
of Cybele, ii. 258

Eunuchs, dances of, i. 270 _n._ 2, 271 _n._;
dedicated to a goddess in India, 271 _n._;
sacred, at Hierapolis-Bambyce, their rule as to the pollution of death,
ii. 272

Euripides on the death of Pentheus, ii. 98 _n._ 5

Europe, custom of showing money to the new moon in, ii. 148 _sq._

Eusebius on sacred prostitution, i. 37 _n._ 2, 73 _n._ 1

Euyuk in Cappadocia, Hittite palace at, i. 123, 132, 133 _n._;
bull worshipped at, 164

Evadne and Capaneus, i. 177 _n._ 3

Evil Eye, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;
bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the, 261;
disguises to avert the, 262

Ewe farmers fear to wound the Earth goddess, i. 90

—— people of Togo-land, their belief in the marriage of Sky with Earth, i.
282 _n._ 2

—— speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, sacred prostitution among the, i.
65 _sq._;
worship pythons, 83 _n._ 1

Exchange of dress between men and women in rites, ii. 259 _n._ 3;
at marriage, 260 _sqq._;
at circumcision, 263

Exogamous clans in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204

Exorcism by means of music, i. 54 _sq._

Expiation for homicide, i. 299 _n._ 2;
Roman, for prodigies, ii. 244

Eye as a symbol of Osiris, ii. 121;
of sacrificial ox cut out, 251 _sq._

—— of Horus, ii. 17, 121 with _n._ 3

——, the Evil, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;
bridegroom disfigured in order to avert, 261

Eyes of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15

Ezekiel on the mourning for Tammuz, i. 11, 17, 20;
on the Assyrian cavalry, 25 _n._ 3;
on the king of Tyre, 114

False Bride, custom of the ii. 262 _n._ 2

Farnell, Dr. L. R., on Greek religious music, i. 55 _n._ 1 and 3;
on religious prostitution in Western Asia, 57 _n._ 1, 58 _n._ 2;
on the position of women in ancient religion, ii. 212 _n._ 1;
on the Flamen Dialis, 227;
on the children of living parents in ritual, 236 _sq._;
on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 242 _n._;
on eunuch priests of Cybele, 258 _n._ 1

Farwardajan, a Persian festival of the dead, ii. 68

Fast from bread in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Fasts observed by the worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280;
of Isis and Cybele, 302 _n._ 4

Father named after his son, i. 51 _n._ 4;
of a god, 51, 52;
dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 184 _sq._;
the head of the family under a system of mother-kin, 211

—— -deity of the Hittites, the god of the thundering sky, i. 134 _sqq._

—— God, his emblem the bull, i. 164;
Attis as the, 281 _sqq._;
often less important than Mother Goddess, 282

—— -kin at Rome, i. 41

——, Mother, and Son divinities represented at Boghaz-Keui, i. 140 _sqq._

Father Sky fertilizes Mother Earth, i. 282

—— and mother, names for, i. 281;
as epithets of Roman gods and goddesses, ii. 233 _sqq._

Fatherhood of God, the physical, i. 80 _sq._

Fauna, rustic Roman goddess, her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234

Faunus, old Roman god, his relationship to Fauna or the Good Goddess, ii.
234

Feast of All Saints on November 1st, perhaps substituted for an old pagan
festival of the dead, ii. 82 _sq._;
instituted by Lewis the Pious, 83

—— of All Souls, ii. 51 _sqq._;
the Christian, originally a pagan festival of the dead, 81

—— of the Golden Flower at Sardes, i. 187

—— of Lanterns in Japan, ii. 65

Feet first, children born, custom observed at their graves, i. 93

Felkin, R. W. and C. T. Wilson, on the worship of the dead kings of
Uganda, ii. 173 _n._ 2

Fellows, Ch., on flowers in Caria, i. 187 _n._ 6

Female kinship, rule of descent of the throne under, ii. 18.
_See also_ Mother-kin

Fertility of ground thought to be promoted by prostitution, i. 39;
promoted by marriage of women to serpent, 67;
goddesses of, served by eunuch priests, 269 _sq._;
Osiris as a god of, ii. 112 _sq._

Fertilization of the fig, artificial, ii. 98

Festival of “the awakening of Hercules” at Tyre, i. 111;
of the Dead in Java, 220;
of Flowers (_Anthesteria_), 234 _sq._;
of Joy (_Hilaria_) in the rites of Attis, 273;
of Sais, ii. 49 _sqq._;
of Crowning at Delphi, 241

Festivals of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 32 _sqq._;
of Osiris, the official, 49 _sqq._;
Egyptian readjustment of, 91 _sqq._

Fetishism early in human history, ii. 43

“Field of the giants,” i. 158

Fig, artificial fertilization of the, at Rome in July, ii. 98, 259

Fiji, chiefs buried secretly in, ii. 105

Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90

—— Lent, i. 90

Fijians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Financial oppression, Roman, i. 301 _n._ 2

Finlay, George, on Roman financial oppression, i. 301 _n._ 2

Fire, purification by, i. 115 _n._ 1, 179 _sqq._;
Persian reverence for, 174 _sq._;
death in the, as an apotheosis, 179 _sq._;
supposed able to impregnate women, ii. 235

Fire, perpetual, in Zoroastrian religion, i. 191;
worshipped, 191 _sqq._;
in the temples of dead kings, ii. 174

—— -god, the father of Romulus, Servius Tullius, and Caeculus, ii. 235

—— -walk of the king of Tyre, i. 114 _sq._;
of priestesses at Castabala, 168

—— -worship in Cappadocia, i. 191 _sq._

Firmicus Maternus, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 86;
on use of a pine-tree in the rites of Osiris, 108

First-born, Semitic sacrifice of the, i. 110;
the sacrifice of, at Jerusalem, ii. 219 _sq._

—— -fruits offered to the Baalim, i. 27;
offered to the Mother of the Gods, 280 _n._ 1;
offered to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Firstlings offered to the Baalim, i. 27

Fish, soul of dead in, i. 95 _sq._

Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 _n._;
on secret burial of chiefs in Fiji, ii. 105

Flail or scourge, an emblem of Osiris, ii. 108, 153;
for collecting incense, 109 _n._ 1

Flamen forbidden to divorce his wife, ii. 229;
of Vulcan, 232

—— Dialis, the widowed, ii. 227 _sqq._;
forbidden to touch a dead body, but allowed to attend a funeral, 228;
bound to be married, 229

—— Dialis and Flaminica, i. 45 _sq._;
assisted by boy and girl of living parents, ii. 236

Flamingoes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 163

Flaminica and her husband the Flamen Dialis, i. 45 _sq._, ii. 236

Flax, omens from the growth of, i. 244

Flower of the banana, women impregnated by the, i. 93

“—— of Zeus,” i. 186, 187

Flowers and leaves as talismans, ii. 242 _sq._

Flute, skill of Marsyas on the, i. 288

—— music, its exciting influence, i. 54

—— -players dressed as women at Rome, ii. 259 _n._ 3

Flutes played in the laments for Tammuz, i. 9;
for Adonis, 225 _n._ 3

Food, virgins supposed to conceive through eating certain, i. 96;
as a cause of conception in women, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105

Foreigners as kings, i. 16 _n._

Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of Praeneste, daughter of Jupiter, ii. 234

Fortune of the city on coins of Tarsus, i. 164;
the guardian of cities, 164

Fossil bones in limestone caves, i. 152 _sq._;
a source of myths about giants, 157 _sq._

Foucart, P., identifies Dionysus with Osiris, ii. 113 _n._ 3

Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 _n._ 2

Fowler, W. Warde, on the celibacy of the Roman gods, ii. 230, 232 _n._ 1,
234 _n._, 236 _n._ 1

Fra Angelico, his influence on Catholicism, i. 54 _n._ 1

France, harvest custom in, i. 237;
timber felled in the wane of the moon in, ii. 136

_Fratres Arvales_, ii. 239

Fravashis, the souls of the dead in the Iranian religion, ii. 67 _n._ 2,
68

French peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 133
_n._ 3, 135

Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, ii. 100 _sq._

Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, i. 204

Frodsham, Dr., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103
_n._ 3

Fruit-trees, worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, ii. 111

Fulgora, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Funeral custom in Madagascar, ii. 247

—— pyre of Roman emperor, i. 126 _sq._

—— rites of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15;
of Osiris, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86 _sqq._

Furies, their snakes, i. 88 _n._ 1

Furness, W. H., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 266

Gaboon, Mpongwe kings of the, ii. 104;
negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, ii. 134

Gad, Semitic god of fortune, i. 164, 165

Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, ii. 246

Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth), at, i. 112 _sq._;
temple of Melcarth at, ii. 258 _n._ 5

Galelareese of Halmahera, as to human sacrifices to volcanoes, i. 220

Gallas, their worship of serpents, i. 86 _n._ 1

Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis, i. 266, 283

Galton, Sir Francis, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29

Game with fruit-stones played by kings of Uganda, ii. 224

—— law of the Njamus, ii. 39

Garden of Osiris, ii. 87 _sq._

Gardens of Adonis, i. 236 _sqq._;
charms to promote the growth of vegetation, 236 _sq._, 239;
in India, 239 _sqq._;
in Bavaria, 244;
in Sardinia, 244 _sq._;
in Sicily, 245;
at Easter, 253 _sq._

Gardens of God, i. 123, 159

Gardner, Professor E. A. on date of the corn-reaping in Greece, i. 232
_n._

Garstang, Professor J., on sculptures at Ibreez, i. 122 _n._ 1, 123 _n._
2;
on Hittite sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 133 _n._, 135 _n._;
on Arenna, 136 _n._ 1;
on Syrian god Hadad, 163 _n._ 3

_Gathas_, a part of the _Zend-Avesta_, ii. 84 _n._

Gaul, worship of Cybele in, i. 279

Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, conduct of the natives in an earthquake,
i. 201;
the Melanesians of the, ii. 242 _sq._

Gazelles sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15

Gebal, Semitic name of Byblus, i. 13 _n._ 3

Geese sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15

Gellius, Aulus, his list of old Roman deities, ii. 232

Gellius, Cnaeus, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Geminus, Greek astronomer, on the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26

Genital organs of Osiris, tradition as to the, ii. 10, 102;
of dead man used to fertilize the fields, 102 _sq._

_Genius_, Roman, symbolized by a serpent, i. 86

Geographical and climatic conditions, their effect on national character,
ii. 217

German peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135

Germans, the ancient, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Germany, harvest custom in, i. 237;
leaping over Midsummer fires in, 251;
feast of All Souls in, ii. 70 _sqq._;
popular superstition as to the influence of the moon in, 133, 140 _sq._,
149

Gezer, Canaanitish city, excavations at, i. 108

Gezo, King, i. 68

Ghineh, monument of Adonis at, i. 29

Ghost of afterbirth thought to adhere to navel-string, ii. 169 _sq._

Ghosts thought to impregnate women, i. 93;
of the dead personated by living men, ii. 52, 53, 58

Giants, myths of, based on discovery of fossil bones, i. 157 _sq._

—— and gods, their battle, i. 157

Giaour-Kalesi, Hittite sculptures at, i. 138 _n._

Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in the, i. 108 _n._ 1

Gill, Captain W., on a tribe in China governed by a woman, ii. 211 _n._ 3

Gilyaks of the Amoor eat nutlets of stone-pine, i. 278 _n._ 2

Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31 _n._ 1

Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life, i. 186 _n._ 4

Goat sacrificed by being hanged, i. 292

God, children of, i. 68;
sons of, 78 _sqq._;
the physical fatherhood of, 80 _sq._;
gardens of, 123, 159

——, the burning of a, i. 188 _sq._;
the hanged, 288 _sqq._

—— of earthquakes, i. 194 _sqq._

Godavari District, Southern India, i. 95

Goddess, identified with priestess, i. 219;
superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201 _sq._

Goddesses, Cilician, i. 161 _sqq._;
place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, 180;
of fertility served by eunuch priests, 269 _sq._;
their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, ii.
202 _sqq._;
the development of, favoured by mother-kin, 259

Gods, annual death and resurrection of, i. 6;
personated by priests, 45, 46 _sqq._;
married to sisters, 316;
their human wives, ii. 207;
made by men and worshipped by women, 211

—— and giants, the battle of, i. 157

Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi-speaking peoples of the, i. 69

Golden Flower, the Feast of the, i. 185

—— Sea, the, i. 150

Golgi in Cyprus, i. 35

Goliath and David, i. 19 _n._ 2

Gonds, ceremony of bringing back souls of the dead among the, i. 95 _sq._

Good Friday, effigies and sepulchres of Christ on, i. 254 _sqq._

—— Goddess (_Bona Dea_), her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234

Goowoong Awoo, volcano, children sacrificed to, i. 219

Gordias and Midas, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286

Gordon, E. M., on infant burial, i. 94 _sq._;
on the festival of the dead in Bilaspore, ii. 60

Gouri, an Indian goddess of fertility, i. 241 _sq._

Gournia in Crete, prehistoric shrine at, i. 88 _n._ 1

Grandmother, title of an African priest, ii. 255

—— Earth thought to cause earthquakes, i. 198

Grandparents, dead, worshipped, ii. 175

Grapes as divine emblem, i. 165

Grave of Osiris, ii. 10 _sq._;
human victims sacrificed at the, 97

—— shrines of Shilluk kings, ii. 161 _sq._;
of dead kings, 194 _sq._

Graves, milk offered at, i. 87;
childless women resort to, in order to ensure offspring, 96;
illuminated on All Souls’ Day, ii. 72 _sq._, 74;
the only places of sacrifice in the country of the Wahehe, 190

—— of kings, chiefs, and magicians kept secret, ii. 103 _sqq._;
human sacrifices at, 168

“Great burnings” for kings of Judah, i. 177 _sq._

—— Marriage, annual festival of the dead among the Oraons of Bengal, ii.
59

—— men, history not to be explained without the influence of, i. 311 _n._
2;
great religious systems founded by, ii. 159 _sq._;
their influence on the popular imagination, 199

—— Mother, popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, i. 298 _sq._

—— religious systems founded by individual great men, ii. 159 _sq._;
religious ideals a product of the male imagination, 211

Greece, date of the corn-reaping in, i. 232 _n._;
modern, marriage customs in, ii. 245 _sq._

Greek belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 86 _sq._

—— Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in the, i. 254

—— feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 _n._ 1

—— gods, discrimination of their characters, i. 119

—— mythology, Adonis in, i. 10 _sqq._

—— notion as to birth from trees and rocks, i. 107 _n._ 1;
of the noxious influence of moonshine on children, ii. 148

—— purification for homicide, i. 299 _n._ 2

—— use of music in religion, i. 54 _sq._

—— writers on the worship of Adonis, i. 223 _sq._

Gregory IV. and the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, ii. 90
_sq._

Grimm, Jacob, on hide-measured lands, ii. 250

Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, i. 247

Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of
the moon, ii. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._

Guarayos Indians of Bolivia, their presentation of children to the moon,
ii. 145

Guardian spirits in the form of animals, i. 83;
in serpents, 83, 86

Guaycurus of Brazil, men dressed as women among the, ii. 254 _n._ 2

Guevo Upas, the Valley of Poison, in Java, i. 203 _sq._

Gujrat District, Punjaub, i. 94

Gurdon, Major P. R. T., on the Khasis of Assam, ii. 202, 203 _n._ 1, 210
_n._ 1

Gwanya, a worshipful dead chief, ii. 177

Gyges, king of Lydia, dedicates double-headed axe to Zeus, i. 182

Gynaecocracy a dream, ii. 211

Hadad, chief male deity of the Syrians, i. 15, 16 _n._ 1;
Syrian god of thunder and fertility, 163

Hadadrimmon, i. 164 _n._ 1;
the mourning of or for, 15 _n._ 4

Haddon, A. C., on worship of animal-shaped heroes, i. 139 _n._ 1

Hadrian, human sacrifice suppressed in reign of, i. 146

Hair, sacrifice of women’s, i. 38;
offered to goddess of volcano, 218;
of head shaved in mourning for dead gods, 225;
to be cut when the moon is waxing, ii. 133 _sq._

Halasarna in Cos, rites of Apollo and

Hercules at, ii. 259

Halfdan, the Black, King of Norway, dismembered after death, ii. 100

Halicarnassus, worship of Pergaean Artemis at, i. 35 _n._ 2

Hall of the Two Truths, the judgment hall in the other world, ii. 13

Halmahera, the Galelareese of, i. 220

Hamaspathmaedaya, old Iranian festival of the dead, ii. 67

Hamilcar, his self-sacrifice at the battle of Himera, i. 115 _sq._;
worshipped at Carthage, 116;
burns himself, 176;
worshipped after death, 180

Hamilton, Alexander, on dance of hermaphrodites in Pegu, i. 271 _n._

Hamilton, Professor G. L., i. 57 _n._ 1

Hammurabi, the code of, i. 71 _n._ 3, 72 _n._ 1

Handel, the harmonies of, i. 54

Hanged god, the, i. 288 _sqq._

Hanging as a mode of sacrifice, i. 289 _sqq._

Hannah, the prayer of, i. 79

Hannibal, his prayers to Melcarth, i. 113;
his retirement from Italy, 265

Hanway, J., on worship of perpetual fires at Baku, i. 192

Harmonia, the necklace of, i. 32 _n._ 2;
turned into a snake, 86 _sq._

Harold the Fair-haired, ii. 100 _n._ 2

Harp, the music of the, in religion, i. 52 _sqq._

Harpalyce, her incest with her father, i. 44 _n._ 1

Harpocrates, the younger Horus, ii. 8, 9 _n._

Harran, mourning of women for Tammuz in, i. 230

Harrison, Miss J. E., on the hyacinth (_Delphinium Ajacis_), i. 314 _n._ 1

Hartland, E. S., on the reincarnation of the dead, i. 91 _n._ 3;
on primitive paternity, 106 _n._ 1

Harvest, rites of, ii. 45 _sqq._;
annual festival of the dead after, 61;
new corn offered to dead kings or chiefs at, 162, 166, 188;
prayers to the spirits of ancestors at, 175 _sq._;
sacrifices to dead chiefs at, 191

—— in Egypt, the date of, ii. 32

—— custom of throwing water on the last corn cut as a rain-charm, i. 237
_sq._;
of the Arabs of Moab, ii. 48, 96

Hathor, Egyptian goddess, ii. 9 _n._

Hattusil, king of the Hittites, i. 135

_Havamal_, how Odin learned the magic runes in the, i. 290

Hawaii, the volcano of Kirauea in, i. 216 _sqq._

Hawes, Mrs., on date of the corn-reaping in Crete, i. 232 _n._

Hawk, Isis in the form of a, ii. 8;
the sacred bird of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, 21 _sq._;
epithet regularly applied to the king of Egypt, 22

—— -town (Hieraconpolis) in Egypt, ii. 21 _sq._

Hawks carved on the bier of Osiris, ii. 20

Hazael, king of Damascus, i. 15

“Head-Feast” among the Dyaks of Borneo, i. 295 _sq._

—— -hunting in Borneo, i. 294 _sqq._

Heads of dead chiefs cut off and buried secretly, ii. 104

——, human, thought to promote the fertility of the ground and of women, i.
294 _sqq._;
used as guardians by Taurians and tribes of Borneo, 294 _sqq._

Heathen festivals displaced by Christian, i. 308

—— origin of Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 _sq._

Heavenly Virgin or Goddess, mother of the Sun, i. 303

Hebrew kings, traces of their divinity, i. 20 _sqq._

—— names ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, i. 79 _n._ 3

—— prophecy, the distinctive character of, i. 75

Hebrew prophets, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 _sq._

Hebrides, peats cut in the wane of the moon in the, ii. 137 _sq._

Hecaerge, an epithet of Artemis, i. 292

Hecate at Ephesus, i. 291;
sometimes identified with Artemis, 292 _n._

—— and Zeus worshipped at Stratonicea, ii. 227

Hecatombeus, a Greek month, i. 314

Hehn, V., on derivation of name Corycian, i. 187 _n._ 6

Helen of the Tree, worshipped in Rhodes, i. 292

Heliacal rising of Sirius, ii. 152

Helice, in Achaia, destroyed by earthquake, i. 203;
Poseidon worshipped at, 203 _n._ 2

Heliodorus, on the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at Ephesus, ii. 243
_sq._

Heliogabalus, sun-god at Emesa, i. 35;
his sacrifice of children of living parents, ii. 248

Heliopolis (Baalbec), in Syria, i. 163 _n._ 2;
sacred prostitution at, 37, 58

Heliopolis (the Egyptian), trial of the dead Osiris before the gods at,
ii. 17

Hepding, H., on Attis, i. 263 _n._ 1;
on Catullus’s poem _Attis_, 270 _n._ 2;
on the bath of Cybele’s image, 280

Hephaestus and hot springs, i. 209

Heqet, Egyptian frog-goddess, ii. 9 _n._

Hera’s marriage with Zeus, i. 280

Heraclids, Lydian dynasty of the, i. 182, 184;
perhaps Hittite, 185

Hercules identified with Melcarth, i. 16, 111;
slain by Typhon and revived by Iolaus, 111;
burnt on Mount Oeta, 111, 116, 211;
worshipped at Gades, 112 _sq._;
women excluded from sacrifices to, 113 _n._ 1;
identified with Sandan, 125, 143, 161;
burns himself, 176;
worshipped after death, 180;
the itch of, 209;
his dispute with Aesculapius, 209 _sq._;
the patron of hot springs, 209 _sqq._;
altar of, at Thermopylae, 210;
the effeminate, ii. 257, 258, 259;
priest of, dressed as a woman, 258;
vernal mysteries of, at Rome, 258;
sacrifices to, at Rome, 258 _n._ 5

—— and the lion, i. 184

—— and Omphale, i. 182, ii. 258

—— and Sardanapalus, i. 172 _sqq._

——, the Lydian, identical with the Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185

—— with the lion’s scalp, Greek type of, i. 117 _sq._

Hereditary deities, i. 51

Herefordshire, soul-cakes in, ii. 79

Herero, a Bantu tribe of German South-West Africa, the worship of the dead
among the, ii. 185 _sqq._

Hermaphrodite son of Sky and Earth, i. 282 _n._

Hermaphrodites, dance of, i. 271 _n._

Hermes and Aegipan, i. 157

Hermesianax, on the death of Attis, i. 264 _n._ 4

Hermus, river, i. 185, 186

Herod resorts to the springs of Callirrhoe, i. 214

Herodes Atticus, his benefaction at Thermopylae, i. 210

Herodotus on sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos, i. 34;
on religious prostitution, 58;
on wife of Bel, 71;
on Cyrus and Croesus, 174;
on the sacrifices of Croesus to Apollo, 180 _n._ 1;
on so-called monument of Sesostris, 185;
on the festival of Osiris at Sais, ii. 50;
on the mourning for Osiris, 86;
identifies Osiris with Dionysus, 113 _n._ 2;
on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;
on human sacrifices offered by the wife of Xerxes, 221

Heroes worshipped in form of animals, i. 139 _n._ 1

Hertz, W., on religious prostitution, i. 57 _n._ 1, 59 _n._ 4

Hesse, custom at ploughing in, i. 239

_Hest_, the Egyptian name for Isis, ii. 50 _n._ 4, 115 _n._ 1

Hettingen in Baden, custom at sowing at, i. 239

Hezekiah, King, his reformation, i. 25, 107;
date of his reign, 25 _n._ 4

Hibeh papyri, ii. 35 _n._ 1, 51 _n._ 1

Hide-measured lands, legends as to, ii. 249 _sq._

Hieraconpolis in Egypt, ii. 22 _n._ 1;
representations of the Sed festival at, 151

Hierapolis, the Syrian, festival of the Pyre or Torch at, i. 146;
sacred doves at, 147;
great sanctuary of Astarte at, 269;
eunuch priests of Astarte at, 269 _sq._

——, in the valley of the Maeander, cave of Pluto at, i. 206;
hot springs at, 206 _sqq._

—— and _Hieropolis_, distinction between, i. 168 _n._ 2

—— -Bambyce, Atargatis the goddess of, i. 137, 162;
mysterious golden image at, 162 _n._ 2;
rules as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227

Hieroglyphics, Hittite, i. 124, 125 _n._

High-priest of Syrian goddess, i. 143 _n._ 1

—— Priestess, head of the State, ii. 203

Highlanders, Scottish, on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140

_Hilaria_, Festival of Joy in the rites of Attis, i. 273

Hill, G. F., on image of Artemis at Perga, i. 35 _n._ 2;
on legend of coins of Tarsus, 126 _n._ 2;
on goddess ’Atheh, 162;
on coins of Mallus, 165 _n._ 6

Hill Tout, C., on respect shown by the Indians of British Columbia for the
animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Himalayan districts of North-Western India, gardens of Adonis in the, i.
242

Himera, the battle of, i. 115;
hot springs of, 213 _n._ 1

Hindoo burial of infants, i. 94;
marriage custom, old, ii. 246;
worship of perpetual fire, i. 192

Hindoos of Northern India, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144

Hinnom, the Valley of, i. 178;
sacrifice of first-born children in, ii. 219

Hippodamia, her incest with her father, i. 44 _n._ 1

Hirpini, valley of Amsanctus in the land of the, i. 204

Hissar District, Punjaub, i. 94

History not to be explained without the influence of great men, i. 311
_n._ 2

Hittite, correct form of the national name Chatti or Hatti, i. 133 _n._

—— costume, i. 129 _sq._, 131

—— deity named Tark or Tarku, i. 147

—— god of thunder, i. 134, 163

—— gods at Tarsus and Sardes, 185

—— hieroglyphics, i. 124, 125 _n._

—— inscription on Mount Argaeus, i. 190 _n._ 1

—— priest or king, his costume, i. 131 _sq._, 133 _n._

—— sculptures at Carchemish, i. 38 _n._, 123;
at Ibreez, 121 _sqq._;
at Bor (Tyana), 122 _n._ 1;
at Euyuk, 123;
at Boghaz-Keui, 128 _sqq._;
at Babylon, 134;
at Zenjirli, 134;
at Giaour-Kalesi, 138 _n._;
at Kara-Bel, 138 _n._;
at Marash, 173;
in Lydia, 185

—— seals of treaty, i. 136, 142 _n._ 1, 145 _n._ 2

—— Sun-goddess, i. 133 _n._

—— treaty with Egypt, i. 135 _sq._

Hittites worship the bull, i. 123, 132;
their empire, language, etc., 124 _sq._;
traces of mother-kin among the, 141 _sq._

Hkamies of North Aracan, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 61

Ho tribe of Togoland, their kings buried secretly, ii. 104

Hofmayr, W., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, ii. 164, 166

Hogarth, D. G., on relics of paganism at Paphos, i. 36;
on the Corycian cave, 155 _n._;
on Roman remains at Tarsus, 172 _n._ 1

Hogs sacrificed to goddess of volcano, i. 218 _sq._

Hollis, A. C., on serpent-worship of the Akikuyu, i. 67 _sq._;
on serpent-worship, 84 _sq._

“Holy men” in Syria, i. 77 _sq._

Hommel, Professor F., on the Hittite deity Tarku, i. 147 _n._ 3

Honey and milk offered to snakes, i. 85

Honey-cakes offered to serpent, i. 87

Hope of immortality, the Egyptian, centred in Osiris, ii. 15 _sq._, 90
_sq._, 114, 159

Hopladamus, a giant, i. 157 _n._ 2

Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233

Horkos, the Greek god of oaths, ii. 231 _n._ 5

Horned cap worn by priest or god, i. 123;
of Hittite god, 134

—— god, Hittite and Greek, i. 123

—— lion, i. 127

Horns, as a religious emblem, i. 34;
worn by gods, 163 _sq._

—— of a cow worn by Isis, ii. 50

Horses sacrificed for the use of the dead, i. 293 _sq._;
Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, torn in pieces by, ii. 98

Horus, the four sons of, in the likeness of hawks, ii. 22;
decapitates his mother Isis, 88;
the eye of, 121 with _n._ 3

—— of Edfu identified with the sun, ii. 123

—— the elder, ii. 6

—— the younger, son of Isis and the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 15;
accused by Set of being a bastard, 17;
his combat with Set, 17;
his eye destroyed by Set and restored by Thoth, 17;
reigns over the Delta, 17

Hose, Ch., and McDougall, W., on head-hunting in Borneo, i. 295 _n._ 1

Hosea on religious prostitution, i. 58;
on the Baalim, 75 _n._;
on the prophet as a madman, 77

Hot springs, worship of, i. 206 _sqq._;
Hercules the patron of, 209 _sqq._;
resorted to by childless women in Syria, 213 _sqq._

Huligamma, Indian goddess, eunuchs dedicated to her, i. 271 _n._

Human representatives of Attis, i. 285 _sqq._

—— sacrifice, substitutes for, i. 146 _sq._, 285, 289, ii. 99, 221

—— sacrifices in worship of the moon, i. 73;
to the Tauric Artemis, 115;
to Diomede at Salamis, 145;
offered at earthquakes, 201;
offered at irrigation channels, ii. 38;
of the kings of Ashantee and Dahomey, 97 _n._ 7;
offered to Dionysus, 98 _sq._;
offered by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;
at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;
to dead kings, 173;
to dead chiefs, 191;
to prolong the life of kings, 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._

Human victims thrown into volcanoes, i. 219 _sq._;
uses made of their skins, 293;
as representatives of the corn-spirit, ii. 97, 106 _sq._;
killed with hoes, spades, and rakes, 99 _n._ 2

Hunger the root of the worship of Adonis, i. 231

Hurons, their burial of infants, i. 91

Huzuls of the Carpathians, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130;
their cure for water-brash, 149 _sq._

Hyacinth, son of Amyclas, killed by Apollo, i. 313;
his flower, 313 _sq._;
his tomb and festival, 314 _sq._;
an aboriginal deity, 315 _sq._;
his sister Polyboea, 316;
perhaps a deified king of Amyclae, i. 316 _sq._

Hyacinthia, the festival of Hyacinth, i. 314 _sq._

Hyacinthius, a Greek month, i. 315 _n._

Hybristica, an Argive festival, ii. 259 _n._ 3

Hygieia, the goddess, i. 88 _n._ 1

Hymns to Tammuz, i. 9;
to the sun-god, ii. 123 _sq._

Hyria in Cilicia, i. 41

Ibani of the Niger delta, their sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings
and others, ii. 222

Ibans or Sea Dyaks, their worship of serpents, i. 83.
_See_ Sea Dyaks

Ibn Batuta, Arab traveller, on funeral of emperor of China, i. 293 _sq._

Ibreez in Southern Cappadocia, i. 119 _sqq._;
village of, 120 _sq._;
Hittite sculptures at, 121 _sqq._

——, the god of, i. 119 _sqq._;
his horned cap, 164

Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50;
bilingual inscription of, 49 _n._ 7;
Melcarth worshipped at, 117

Ideals of humanity, two different, the heroic and the saintly, i. 300;
great religious, a product of the male imagination, ii. 211

Ideler, L., on the date of the introduction of the fixed Alexandrian year,
ii. 28 _n._ 1;
on the Sothic period, 37 _n._

Ignorance of paternity, primitive, i. 106 _sq._

Il Mayek clan of the Njamus, their supposed power over irrigation water
and the crops, ii. 39

Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at, i. 292

Illumination, nocturnal, at festival of Osiris, ii. 50 _sq._;
of graves on All Souls’ Day, 72 _sq._, 74

Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99

Images of Osiris made of vegetable mould, ii. 85, 87, 90 _sq._, 91

Immortality, Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris, ii. 15 sq., 90 _sq._,
114, 159

Impregnation of women by serpents, i. 80 _sqq._;
by the dead, 91;
by ghosts, 93;
by the flower of the banana, 93;
supposed, through eating food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105;
by fire, ii. 235.
_See also_ Conception

—— of Isis by the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 20

—— without sexual intercourse, belief in, i. 96 _sqq._

Incense burnt at the rites of Adonis, i. 228;
burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, 228;
collected by a flail, ii. 109 _n._ 1

Incest with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, i. 43 _sq._

Inconsistency of common thought, i. 4

Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, ii. 148 _sq._

India, sacred women (dancing-girls) in, i. 61 _sqq._;
impregnation of women by stone serpents in, 81 _sq._;
burial of infants in, 93 _sq._;
gardens of Adonis in, 239 _sqq._;
eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, 271 _n._;
drinking moonlight as a medicine in, ii. 142

Indian ceremonies analogous to the rites of Adonis, i. 227

—— prophet, his objections to agriculture, i. 88 _sq._

Indians of tropical America represent the rain-god weeping, ii. 33 _n._ 3;
of California, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 _sq._;
of Brazil attend to the moon more than to the sun, 138 _n._;
of San Juan Capistrano, their ceremony at the new moon, 142;
of the Ucayali River in Peru, their greeting to the new moon, 142;
of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the, 254, 255 _sq._

Infant sons of kings placed by goddesses on fire, i. 180

Infants buried so as to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 _sqq._;
burial of, at Gezer, 108 _sq._

Influence of great men on the popular imagination, ii. 199;
of mother-kin on religion, 202 _sqq._

Ingarda tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children,
i. 104

Ingleborough in Yorkshire, i. 152

Inheritance of property under mother-kin, rules of, ii. 203 _n._ 1

Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of
children, i. 105

Insect, soul of dead in, i. 95 _sq._, ii. 162

Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspiration, i. 169 _sq._

Inspiration, insensibility to pain as sign of, i. 169 _sq._;
savage theory of, i. 299

——, prophetic, under the influence of music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74;
through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 _sq._

Inspired men and women in the Pelew Islands, ii. 207 _sq._

Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26, 27,
28;
in the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._ 3

_Inuus_, epithet applied to Faunus, ii. 234 _n._ 3

Invisible, charm to make an army, ii. 251

Iolaus, friend of Hercules, i. 111

Iranian year, the old, ii. 67

Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead (Fravashis), ii. 67
_sq._

Ireland, sacred oaks in, i. 37 _n._ 2

Irle, J., on the religion of the Herero, ii. 186 _sq._

Iron not allowed to touch Atys, i. 286 _n._ 5

Irrigation in ancient Egypt, ii. 31 _sq._;
rites of, in Egypt, 33 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered in connexion with, 38 _sq._

Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, i. 241

Isaac, Abraham’s attempted sacrifice of, ii. 219 _n._ 1

Isaiah, on the king’s pyre in Tophet, i. 177, 178;
possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in, 236 _n._ 1;
on dew, 247 _n._ 1

Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, i. 8, 20 _n._ 2;
in relation to Tammuz, 8 _sq._

—— (Astarte) and Mylitta, i. 36, 37 _n._ 1

Isis, sister and wife of Osiris, ii. 6 _sq._;
date of the festival of, 26 _n._ 2, 33;
as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, i. 50, ii. 50, 85, 88 _n._
1, 91;
invoked by Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45, 117;
in the form of a hawk, 8, 20;
in the papyrus swamps, 8;
in the form of a swallow, 9;
at Byblus, 9 _sq._;
at the well, 9, 111 _n._ 6;
her search for the body of Osiris, 10, 50, 85;
recovers and buries the body of Osiris, 10 _sq._;
mourns Osiris, 12;
restores Osiris to life, 13;
her tears supposed to swell the Nile, 33;
her priest wears a jackal’s mask, 85 _n._ 3;
decapitated by her son Horus, 88 _n._ 1;
her temple at Philae, 89, 111;
her many names, 115;
sister and wife of Osiris, 116;
a corn-goddess, 116 _sq._;
her discovery of wheat and barley, 116;
identified with Ceres, 117;
identified with Demeter, 117;
as the ideal wife and mother, 117 _sq._;
refinement and spiritualization of, 117 _sq._;
popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, 118;
her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, 118 _sq._;
Sirius her star, 34 _sq._, 152

Isis and the king’s son at Byblus, i. 180;
and the scorpions, ii. 8

Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, i. 241, 242

Italian myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Italy, hot springs in, i. 213;
divination at Midsummer in, 254

Itch of Hercules, i. 209

Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), ii. 184
_n._ 2, 185

Ivy, sacred to Attis, i. 278;
sacred to Osiris, ii. 112

Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god, ii. 120

Jackal-god Up-uat, ii. 154

Jackal’s mask worn by priest of Isis, 11, 85 _n._ 3

Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as sign of inspiration, i. 169;
on the purifying virtue of fire, 181

January, the sixth of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, i. 304

Janus in Roman mythology, ii. 235 _n._ 6

—— -like deity on coins, i. 165

Japan, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Jars, children buried in, i. 109 _n._ 1

Jason and Medea, i. 181 _n._ 1

Jastrow, Professor M., on the festival of Tammuz, i. 10 _n._ 1;
on the character of Tammuz, 230 _n._

Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202 _n._ 1;
the Valley of Poison in, 203 _sq._;
worship of volcanoes in, 220 _sq._

Jawbone, the ghost of the dead thought to adhere to the, ii. 167 _sq._

—— and navel-string of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, ii. 197

Jawbones, lower, of dead kings of Uganda preserved and worshipped, ii. 167
_sq._, 169 _sq._, 171 _sq._;
the ghosts of the kings supposed to attach to their jawbones, 169

Jâyi or Jawâra, festival in Upper India, i. 242

_Jebel Hissar_, Olba, i. 151

Jehovah in relation to thunder, i. 22 _n._ 3;
in relation to rain, 23 _n._ 1

Jensen, P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 137 _n._ 4;
on Hittite inscription, 145 _n._ 2;
on the Syrian god Hadad, 163 _n._ 3

Jeremiah, on the prophet as a madman, i. 77;
on birth from stocks and stones, 107

Jericho, death of Herod at, i. 214

Jerome, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 _n._ 1;
on the worship of Adonis at Bethlehem, 257

Jerusalem, mourning for Tammuz at, i. 11, 17, 20;
the Canaanite kings of, 17;
the returned captives at, 23;
the Destroying Angel over, 24;
besieged by Sennacherib, 25;
the religious orchestra at, 52;
“great burnings” for the kings at, 177 _sq._;
the king’s pyre at, 177 _sq._;
Church of the Holy Sepulchre at, Good Friday ceremonies in the, 255
_n._;
the sacrifice of first-born children at, ii. 219

Jewish priests, their rule as to the pollution of death, ii. 230

Jews of Egypt, costume of bride and bridegroom among the, ii. 260

Joannes Lydus, on Phrygian rites at Rome, i. 266 _n._ 2

John Barleycorn, i. 230 _sq._

Johns, Dr. C. H. W., on Babylonian votaries, i. 71 _n._ 3 and 5

Johnston, Sir H. H., on eunuch priests on the Congo, i. 271 _n._

Josephus, on worship of kings of Damascus, i. 15;
on the Tyropoeon, 178

Josiah, reforms of king, i. 17 _n._ 5, 18 _n._ 3, 25, 107

Jualamukhi in the Himalayas, perpetual fires, i. 192

Judah, laments for dead kings of, i. 20

Judean maid impregnated by serpent, i. 81

Julian, the emperor, his entrance into Antioch, i. 227, 258;
on the Mother of the Gods, 299 _n._ 3;
restores the standard cubit to the Serapeum, ii. 217 _n._ 1

Julian calendar introduced by Caesar, ii. 37, 93 _n._ 1

—— year, ii. 28

Juno, the Flaminica Dialis sacred to, ii. 230 _n._ 2;
the wife of Jupiter, 231

Junod, Henri A., on the worship of the dead among the Thonga, ii. 180
_sq._

Juok, the supreme god and creator of the Shilluks, ii. 165

Jupiter, the husband of Juno, ii. 231;
the father of Fortuna Primigenia, 234

Jupiter and Juturna, ii. 235 _n._ 6

—— Dolichenus, i. 136

Justice and Injustice in Aristophanes, i. 209

Justin Martyr on the resemblances of paganism to Christianity, i. 302 _n._
4

Juturna in Roman mythology, ii. 235 _n._ 6

Kabyles, marriage custom of the, to ensure the birth of a boy, ii. 262

Kadesh, a Semitic goddess, i. 137 _n._ 2

Kai of German New Guinea, their belief in conception without sexual
intercourse, i. 96 _sq._

Kaikolans, a Tamil caste, i. 62

Kaitish of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99

Kalat el Hosn, in Syria, i. 78

_Kalids_, _kaliths_, deities in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204 _n._ 4, 207

Kalunga, the supreme god of the Ovambo, ii. 188

Kangra District, Punjaub, i. 94

Kantavu, a Fijian island, i. 201

Kanytelideis, in Cilicia, i. 158

Kara-Bel, in Lydia, Hittite sculpture at, i. 138 _n._, 185

Kariera tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of
children, i. 105

Karma-tree, ceremony of the Mundas over a, i. 240

Karo-Bataks, of Sumatra, their custom as to the first sheaf of rice at
harvest, ii. 239

Karok Indians of California, their lamentations at hewing sacred wood, ii.
47 _sq._

Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186, 187 _n._ 1

_Katikiro_, Baganda term for prime minister, ii. 168

Kayans, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 294 _sq._

Keadrol, a Toda clan, ii. 228

Keb (Geb or Seb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, i. 6, 283 _n._ 3

_Ḳedeshim_, sacred men, i. 38 _n._, 59, 72, 76, 107;
at Jerusalem, 17 _sq._;
in relation to prophets, 76

_Ḳedeshoth_, sacred women, i. 59, 72, 107

Kemosh, god of Moab, i. 15

Kennett, Professor R. H., on David and Goliath, i. 19 _n._ 2;
on Elisha in the wilderness, 53 _n._ 1;
on _ḳedeshim_, 73 _n._ 1;
on the sacrifice of first-born children at Jerusalem, ii. 219

Kent’s Hole, near Torquay, fossil bones in, i. 153

Keysser, Ch., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 96
_sq._

Khalij, old canal at Cairo, ii. 38

Khangars of the Central Provinces, India, bridegroom and his father
dressed as women at a marriage among the, ii. 261

Khasi tribes governed by kings, not queens, ii. 210

Khasis of Assam, their system of mother-kin, i. 46, ii. 202 _sq._;
goddesses predominate over gods in their religion, 203 _sq._;
rules as to the succession to the kingship among the, 210 _n._ 1

Khent, early king of Egypt, ii. 154;
his reign, 19 _sq._;
his tomb at Abydos, 19 _sqq._;
his tomb identified with that of Osiris, 20, 197

Khenti-Amenti, title of Osiris, ii. 87, 198 _n._ 2

Khoiak, festival of Osiris in the month of, ii. 86 _sqq._, 108 _sq._

Khyrim State, in Assam, i. 46;
governed by a High Priestess, ii. 203

Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, a dead man, ii. 197;
his personal relics preserved at Cambridge, 197

Kidd, Dudley, on the worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantus of
South Africa, ii. 177 _sqq._

King, J. E., on infant burial, i. 91 _n._ 3

King, a masker at Carnival called the, ii. 99

—— of Tyre, his walk on stones of fire, i. 114 _sq._;
of Uganda, his navel-string preserved and inspected every new moon, ii.
147 _sq._

Kings as priests, i. 42;
as lovers of a goddess, 49 _sq._;
held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183;
marry their sisters, 316;
slaughter human victims with their own hands, ii. 97 _n._ 7;
torn in pieces, traditions of, 97 _sq._;
human sacrifices to prolong the life of, 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._

—— and magicians dismembered and their bodies buried in different parts of
the country to fertilize it, ii. 101 _sq._

——, dead, reincarnate in lions, i. 83 _n._ 1;
worshipped in Africa, 160 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 _sq._;
incarnate in animals, 162, 163 _sq._, 173;
consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;
human sacrifices to, 173;
worshipped by the Barotse, 194 _sq._

——, divinity of Semitic, i. 15 _sqq._;
divinity of Lydian, 182 _sqq._

—— of Egypt worshipped as gods, i. 52;
buried at Abydos, ii. 19;
perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97 _sq._, 102;
as Osiris, 151 _sqq._;
renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen
Osiris, 153 _sq._;
born again at the Sed festival, 153, 156 _sq._;
perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay,
154 _sq._, 156

Kings, Hebrew, traces of divinity ascribed to, i. 20 _sqq._

——, Shilluk, put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163

—— of Sweden answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;
their sons sacrificed, 51

Kingship at Rome a plebeian institution, i. 45;
under mother-kin, rules as to succession to the, ii. 210 _n._ 1;
in Africa under mother-kin inherited by men, not women, 211

Kingsley, Miss Mary H., on secret burial of chief’s head, ii. 104

_Kinnor_, a lyre, i. 52

Kirauea, volcano in Hawaii, i. 216 _sq._;
divinities of, 217;
offerings to, 217 _sqq._

Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands, annual festival of the dead in, i.
56;
snakes as reincarnations of the dead in, 84;
presentation of children to the full moon in, ii. 144

Kiwai, an island off New Guinea, magic for the growth of sago in, ii. 101

Kiziba, a district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, ii. 173
_sq._;
totemism in, 173

Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130

Kocchs of North-Eastern India, succession to husband’s property among the,
ii. 215 _n._ 2

Kois of Southern India, infant burial among the, i. 95

Komatis of Mysore, their worship of serpents, i. 81 _sq._

Koniags of Alaska, their magical uses of the bodies of the dead, ii. 106

Konkaus of California, their dance of the dead, ii. 53

_Kosio_, a dedicated person, i. 65, 66, 68

Kosti, in Thrace, carnival custom at, ii. 99 _sq._

Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be
widowers, ii. 230

Kretschmer, Professor P., on native population of Cyprus, i. 145 _n._ 3;
on Cybele and Attis, 287 _n._ 2

Krishna, Hindoo god, ii. 254

Kuar, an Indian month, ii. 144

Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, ii. 204
_sqq._

Kuinda, Cilician fortress, i. 144 _n._ 1

Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits
among the, ii. 263

Kuklia, Old Paphos, i. 33, 36

Kundi in Cilicia, i. 144

Kupalo, figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, i. 250 _sq._;
a deity of vegetation, 253

Kupole’s festival at Midsummer in Prussia, i. 253

Labraunda in Caria, i. 182 _n._ 4

_Labrys_, Lydian word for axe, i. 182

Laconia, subject to earthquakes, i. 203 _n._ 2

Lactantius, on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85

Lagash in Babylonia, i. 35 _n._ 5

Lago di Naftia in Sicily, i. 221 _n._ 4

Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, i.
231

Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, ii. 54 _n._ 2

Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Lakor, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Lamas River in Cilicia, i. 149, 150

Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45;
of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, 43 _sq._;
of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” 47;
of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, 47 _sq._

Laments for Tammuz, i. 9 _sq._;
for dead kings of Judah, 20;
for Osiris, ii. 12

Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

Lamps lighted to show the dead the way, ii. 51 _sq._;
for the use of ghosts at the feast of All Souls, 72, 73

Lancashire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79

Landen, the battle of, i. 234

Lane, E. W., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31 _n._ 1

_Lantana salvifolia_, ii. 47

Lanterns, the feast of, in Japan, ii. 65

Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, ii. 87 _n._ 5

Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, i. 117

Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without
cohabitation, i. 103

Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, i. 279

Latham, R. G., on succession to husband’s property among the Kocchs, ii.
215 _n._ 2

Laurel, gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, i. 143;
in Greek purificatory rites, ii. 240 _sq._

—— -bearing, a festival at Thebes, in Boeotia, ii. 241

Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, i. 187 _n._ 6

Leaping over Midsummer fires to make hemp or flax grow tall, i. 251

Leaves and flowers as talismans, ii. 242 _sq._

Lebanon, the forests of Mount, i. 14;
Aphrodite of the, 30;
Baal of the, 32;
the charm of the, 235

Lech, a tributary of the Danube, ii. 70

Lechrain, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70 _sq._

Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination,
ii. 199

Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, ii. 249 _sq._

Lehmann-Haupt, C. F., on the historical Semiramis, i. 177 _n._ 1

Lent, the Indian and Fijian, i. 90

Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, i. 305

Leonard, Major A. G., on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and
others, ii. 222

Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, i. 23 _sq._

Lepsius, R., his identification of Osiris with the sun, ii. 121 _sq._

Leti, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, ii. 11

Letts, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 74 _sq._

Lewis the Pious, institutes the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia,
ii. 174

Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Lightning thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful
chief, ii. 177 with _n._ 1;
no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, 177 _n._ 1;

“Lights of the dead” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, ii. 65

——, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 88

Lion, deity standing on a, i. 123 _n._ 2, 127;
the emblem of the Mother Goddess, 164;
as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, 182, 184;
carried round acropolis of Sardes, 184, ii. 249

—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, i. 139 _sq._;
of Lydia, 184

—— -slaying god, statue of, i. 117

Lions, dead kings reincarnate in, i. 83 _n._ 1, ii. 163;
carved, at gate, i. 128;
as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, 137;
deities seated on, 162;
spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193

Living parents, children of, in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._

Loeboes, a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls
among the, ii. 264

Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, i. 227 _n._

Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, ii. 248

Lovers, term applied to the Baalim, i. 75 _n._

Low, Hugh, on Dyak treatment of heads of slain enemies, i. 295

Lua and Saturn, ii. 233

Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia, prayers to dead ancestors in, ii.
175 _sq._

Lucian, on religious prostitution, i. 58;
on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 137 _n._ 2;
on the death of Peregrinus, 181;
on dispute between Hercules and Aesculapius, 209 _sq._;
on the ascension of Adonis, 225 _n._ 3

Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima, ii. 190

Lunar sympathy, the doctrine of, ii. 140 _sqq._

Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, ii. 224

Luritcha of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99

Lushais, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the, ii. 255
_n._ 1

Luxor, temples at, ii. 124

Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of mother-kin among the Khasis, ii.
202 _sq._

Lycaonian plain, i. 123

Lycia, flowers in, i. 187 _n._ 6;
Mount Chimaera in, 221;
mother-kin in, ii. 212 _sq._

Lycian language, question of its affinity, ii. 213 _n._ 1

—— men dressed as women in mourning, ii. 264

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, rent in pieces by horses, ii. 98, 99

Lycus, valley of the, i. 207

Lydia, prostitution of girls before marriage in, i. 38, 58;
the lion-god of, 184;
the Burnt Land of, 193 _sq._;
traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259

Lydian kings, their divinity, i. 182 _sqq._;
held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183

Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, i. 213 _n._ 4;
on volcanic phenomena in Syria and Palestine, 222 _n._ 1

Lyre as instrument of religious music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._;
the instrument of Apollo, 288

Lysimachus scatters the bones of the kings of Epirus, ii. 104

Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, i. 39, 265 _n._ 1

Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, i. 109
_n._ 1

Macdonald, Rev. James, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, ii.
176

Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, ii. 154

McLennan, J. F., on brother and sister marriages, i. 44 _n._ 2, ii. 216
_n._ 1