Chapter VIII: Otto the Great and His Successors

[b] H. GERDES, _op. cit._

[c] FRIEDRICH WILHELM BENJAMIN VON GIESEBRECHT, _op. cit._

[d] W. MENZEL, _op. cit._

[e] L. VON RANKE, _op. cit._

[f] JAMES SIME, article on “Germany” in the Ninth Edition of the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

[g] R. COMYN, _op. cit._

[h] HENRY HALLAM, _The View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages_.