Chapter XXX: Appendix: IV. History of the Greek Congress or Synedrion During the Persian (4)

912 ἀνθρώπων ἀπαρχὴ, Plutarch, Thes. 16.

913 Orac. ap. Pausan. X. 6. 6.

914 According to the Cyclic poets, see _Orchomenos_, pp. 188. sqq.

915 Cited by Pausan. X. 31. 2.

916 Κρητίδαι: μάντεισ ἀπὸ Κρήτης, Photius.

917 As Raoul-Rochette supposes, although his work contains very valuable
materials for this inquiry, Histoire de l’Etabl. des col. Grecques,
tom. II. p. 137-173.

918 On the connexion of Crete and Asia, see Heyne, Excurs. ad Æn. III.
102.

919 I. 173. cf. VII. 92. According to Herodotus, Europa also came to
Lycia (IV. 45.), _i.e._ the tradition.

920 Herod. I. 173. Comp. Boeckh ad Platon. Min. p. 55. Heraclid. Pont.
15.

921 See Steph. Byz. in v. cf. Herod. I. 176.

922 Augustinus de Civ. Dei XVIII. 12.

923 Appian, Bell. Civ. IV. 78.

924 II. XVI. 666.

925 Transplanted to Cilicia, Zosimus I. 57. Diodorus ap. Phot. Biblioth.
cod. 244. p. 377. ed. Bekker.

926 On the former see Strabo XIV. p. 666. cf. p. 651., on the latter
Diod. V. 56.

927 Menecrates in Lyciacis ap. Antonin. Liber, c. 35.

928 Σύεσσα καλύβη τις ἐν Λυκίᾳ ἀπὸ Συέσσης γραός τινος ὑποδεξάμενης τὴν
Λητώ. Steph. Byz.

929 Both the derivations of the name _Patara_, the one from a son of
Apollo (Hecatæus ap. Steph. Byz. in v. Cf. Eustath. ad Dionys.
Perieg. 129. Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 920.), and the other from πατάρα,
κιστὶς, refer to the worship of Apollo.

930 Callim. Hymn. Del. 1. and Spanheim’s note. Herodotus says
indefinitely, ἐπεὰν γένηται, I. 182. Cf. Serv. ad Æn. IV. 143.

931 Alexander ap. Steph. Byz. in v. Eustath. ubi sup. On the temple, see
the inscriptions in Walpole’s Travels, p. 541. and Beaufort’s
Caramania.

932 Pausan. VII. 21.3.

933 Herod. I. 78. Apostolius XVIII. 25. from Dionysius ἐν κτίσεσιν,
Herodian. ap. Eustath. ad Dion. Perieg. 860.

934 The coins of Patara, Phaselis, Xanthus, Cydna, Cragus, Apollonia,
Corydalla, Limyra, and Olympus, have a head of Apollo, the tripod,
lyre, the deer, and similar symbols. Cf. Steph. Byz, Δάφνη ὲν Λυκίᾳ.
Apollo Ἐρεθύμιος among the Lycians, Hesych. in v. Perhaps this is a
corruption of Ἐρυθίβιος, as Apollo was called in Rhodes, Strabo
XIII. p. 613. See below, ch. 5. § 4.

935 See Strabo XIV. p. 683. from Hedylus, or some other poet. On the
sacred deer of Apollo at Curium, see Ælian. Nat. Anim. XI. 7.

936 Strabo XIII. p. 611. Scylax, p. 26. Compare the obscure gloss of
Hesychius in Πυθίων ἀνακτόρων.

937 On this temple, see Heyne ad Il. A. 39. According to Strabo XIII. p.
604. there were Sminthea near Hamaxitus in Æolis, near Parium, at
Lindus in Rhodes, and elsewhere. A certain Philodemus, or
Philomnestus, wrote a treatise on the Σμινθεῖα in Rhodes, Athen.
III. p. 74 F. 445 A.

938 The inhabitants of Tenea, a village near Corinth, were said to have
been transplanted by Agamemnon from Tenedos. That they really
worshipped Apollo _in the same manner_ as the Tenedians, is
testified by Aristotle ap. Strab. p. 380. Paus. II. 5. 3. And the
worship of Apollo was carried by means of Archias from Tenea to
Syracuse, Strabo, ibid. See book I. ch. 6. § 7.

939 A. 37-39.

940 Strabo XIII. p. 591. Hesych. in Θύμβρα. Schol. Il. X. 430. Servius
ad Æn. III. 85. compare Choiseul Gouffier, Voyage Pittoresque, tom.
III. to pl. 25. Walpole’s Memoirs, p. 609. The fable of Pan, the son
of Thymbris, and teacher of Apollo in divination (Apollodor. I. 4.
1.), has also reference to this story.

941 Il. V. 446. VII. 83.

942 Il. II. 827. IV. 119. V. 105. with the Schol. Min.

943 Hesychius in Λυκαῖον. There are likewise many other signs of the
worship of Apollo on this coast, Strabo XIII. p. 618; in Priapus,
Schol. Lycophr. 29; Apollo Πασπάριος in Parium and Pergamum (Hesych.
in v.); on the coins of Gargara, Germe, Lampsacus, Atarneus,
Neandria, Abydos, and New Troy.

944 The Æolians built a temple to the _Cillæan_ Apollo at Colonæ, Strabo
XIII. p. 613. from Daes of Colonæ.

945 Strabo XIII. p 604. τοῖς γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Κρήτης ἀφιγμένοις Τεύκροις, οὓς
πρῶτος παρέδωκε Καλλῖνος, &c. It does not appear that this can, with
Frank, Callinus, p. 31, he understood only of a mention of the
_name_ of the Teucrians.

946 The latter fact is supported by the ancient name of Cephalion, an
inhabitant of the Teucrian city of Gergis (ap. Steph. Byz. in
Ἀρίσβη. Eustath. ad Il. p. 894.): but his Τρωικὰ was the forgery of
an Alexandrine writer named Hegesianax (Athen. IX. p. 393 B).
Lycophron, v. 1302. calls Teucer, Scamander, and Arisbe, Cretans.

947 In the fragments of Nicolaus Damascenus, p. 442. ed. Vales.

948 Iliad. VII. 452. XXI. 442. which passages do not agree. Hesiod in
Her. Geneal. ap. Schol. Lycophr. 393. Hellanicus ap. Schol. Il. XX.
145. Coluthus v. 309.

949 Inscription in Walpole’s Memoirs, p. 104.

950 Æneid. II. 318. 430.

951 Iliad. XV. 522.

952 Achilles was slain by Apollo, according to Homer; Aretinus and
Æschylus in the ψυχοστασία (Heyne ad Il. XXII. 359. Tychsen ad
Quint. Smyrn. Comment. p. 61); Neoptolemus was killed at Pytho. For
the same reason Achilles slays Tennes, the son of Apollo (Tzetzes ad
Lycophr. 232.), in whose temple it was forbidden to pronounce the
name of the Phthian hero (Plutarch Quæst. Gr. 28. p. 933).

953 Iliad. V. 446.

954 Herod. V. 122. VII. 43. It was situated in the territory of
Lampsacus (Strabo XIII. p. 589.), in mount Ida (Athen. VI. p. 256
C.), opposite Dardanus (Herod.); the village of Mermessus, 240
stadia from Alexandria Troas (Pausan. X. 12. 2), was a κώμη
Γεργιθία, Suidas in v. Also in Schol. Plat. Phædr. p. 61. Ruhnken.
p. 315. Bekker. write, ἐν κώμη Μερμήσσῳ—περὶ τινα πολίχνην Γέργιθα
or Γέργιθον for Μαρμυσσῷ and Γεργετίωνα.

955 Xenoph. Hell. III. 1. 10.

956 Iliad. XX. 307. Compare the remarks of A. W. Schlegel on this point
in his celebrated Review of Niebuhr’s Roman History.

957 Steph. Byz. in Γέργις, from Phlegon.

958 This may be collected from the confused account of Clearchus of Soli
ἐν Γεργιθίῳ, in Athen. VI. p. 256. cf. XII. p. 524 A. Strab. XIII.
p. 589 D.

959 Plin. H. N. XXXIV. 8.

960 Heyne Exc. ad Æn. VI. 3. The rock was called Ζωστηρία κλιτὺς
(Lycoph. 1278), as the Attic promontory with the temple of Apollo.

961 See the _tabula Iliaca_, ΜΙΣΗΝΟΣ.

962 Od. IX. 197.

963 Diod. V. 79. compare Raoul-Rochette, tom. II. p. 160.

964 Pindar, in Pæan. ap. Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 445.

965 Ephorus ap. Strab. XIV. p. 634 D.

966 Callimachus apud Clem. Alex. Strom. V. p. 570. Strab. IX. p. 421.
Conon Narr. c 33, 44. Stat. Theb. VIII. 198. Gesner Comment. Soc.
Gotting. vol. IV. p. 121. Ionian Antiquities, vol. II. new ed.

967 Quintilian. Inst. Orat. XI. 3. p. 305. Bipont. _Est interim et
longus et plenus et clarus salis spiritus, non tamen firmæ
intentionis, idemque tremulus. Id_ βράνχον _Græci vocant_. This is
exactly the voice of enthusiastic priests and prophets.

968 There was likewise a family of diviners named Εὐαγγελίδαι, Conon
Narr. c. 44.

969 Strabo IV. p. 139 B. Æginetica, p. 151.

970 Clem. Alex. Strom. V. 8.

971 On this see D’Orville ad Chariton. p. 349. and Quintus Smyrnæus I.
283.

972 Herod. II. 159.

973 Pythius and Comæus. Athen. IV. p. 149 E. Ammian. Marcellin XXIII. 6.

974 Schol. Apoll. Rh. I. 966. Hence the offerings of the Cyzicenians in
the Didymæum, Chishull Ant. Asiat. p. 67. In the character of
Ἐκβάσιος, Apollo has on coins his foot resting on a _fish_.

975 A coin of Parium, in the cabinet of M. Allier de Hauteroche, shows
the statue of Apollo on the seashore, with the circumscription,
ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΟΣ ΑΚΤΑΙΟΥ ΠΑΡΙΑΝΩΝ, agreeing with Strabo XIII. p. 588.

976 Strabo VII. p. 319 B. Apollo Ἠῷος on the island of Thynias
(Apollonia, Daphnusa). Apoll. Rhod. II. 686. Schol. ad 1. Plin.
Hist. Nat. VI. 12. is probably Milesian: also Apollo Φιλήσιος at
Trapezus on the Euxine sea, Arrian. Peripl. p. 2.

977 Collected in Raoul-Rochette’s Antiquités Grecques du Bosphore
Cimmérien, pl. 5, 7, 8.

978 The Cyclic Thebaid in Schol. Apoll. Rh. IV. 308. Apollod. III. 7. 4.
Diod. IV. 66. Pausan. VII. 3. 1. IX. 33. 1.

979 He was called both Ῥάκιος and Λάκιος, because in the Cretan dialect
ῥάκος and λάκος were exchangeable forms, Schneider ad Nicand.
Alexipharm. 11. p. 83. Compare book I. ch. 6. § 5.

980 Proclus Chrestomath.

981 Strabo XIV. p. 675. Conon Narr. 6. Tacit. Ann. II. 54. On the temple
see Locella ad Xenoph. Ephes. p. 128. ed. Peerlkamp.

982 Diod. XV. 18. Strabo ubi sup.

983 Hecatæus ap. Steph. Byz. in Γρῦνοι. Strabo XIII. p. 622. Hermeias of
Methymna wrote a treatise on the Grynean Apollo, Athen. IV. p. 149.
E. Hence the temple of Apollo, the sibyl, and the Apollo δαφνηφόρος,
on the coins of Myrina, which city also sent χρυσᾶ θέρη to Delphi,
Plutarch. de Pyth. Orac. 16. p. 273.

984 Malus the son of Manto, Hellanicus ἐν Λεσβικοῖς apud Steph. Byz. in
Μαλλόεις. Thucyd. III. 3. Likewise in Lesbos, Apollo Ναπαῖος
(Hellanicus ap. Steph. Byz. in Νάπη. cf. Strab. IX. p. 429. Suid. in
Ναπαῖος. Macrob. Sat. I. 17. coins of Nape with the image of Apollo
in Mionnet’s work), Λεπετύμνιος, Antigon. Caryst. 17. and Ἐρέσιος,
Hesych. in v. In Schol. Aristoph. Nub. 144. for ΓΟΝΝΑΠΑΙΟΥ Ἀπόλλωνος
write ΤΟΥ ΝΑΠΑΙΟΥ Ἀπόλλωνος.

985 Strabo XIV. p. 675 C. Arrian. II. 5. Hence perhaps the worship of
Apollo came to Tarsus, Osann. Syllog. Inscr. p. 141.

986 Book I. ch. 5. § 4.

987 Pausan. II. 32. 2. Ἄρτεμις σώτειρα, brought from Crete to Trœzen,
ib. 31. 1.

988 Paus. II. 31. 7. 11. The temple of Apollo Thearius at Trœzen was,
according to Pausan. ib. 31. 9. the most ancient in Greece. Apollo
joined with Leucothea, Ælian. V. H. I. 18.

989 Called Ψυχοπομπεῖον, like the institutions in Thesprotia, at
Phigalea and Heraclea Pontica. See book I. ch. 1. § 6.

990 Plutarch, de sera Num. Vind. 17. p. 256. Hesych. in τέττιγος
ἔδρανον.

991 Thus Strabo VIII. p. 368. the name being derived from Delos. Also
called Ἐπιδήλιον.

992 Pausan. I. 42. 1. 2. conf. Epigram. Adespot. 3. p. 193. Brunck.
Analect. Meziriac ad Ovid. Epist. vol. I. p. 448.—Also, Megareus the
son of Apollo, in Steph. Byz. in Μέγαρα. comp. Dieuchidas of Megara
in Schol. Apoll. Rhod. I. 517.

993 V. 773. Φοῖβε ἄναξ, αὐτὸς μὲν ἐπύργωσας πόλιν ἄκρην, Ἀλκαθόῳ Πέλοπος
παιδὶ χαριζόμενος.

994 Δεκατηφόρος, ὅς δεκάτην φέρει, _i.e._ here, “he who _receives_ it,”
Paus. I. 42. 1. 5. Compare an Argive inscription (Boeckh No. 1142.
Δεξιστρατος Αρχιππ. Απολλωνι δεκατ—.) Apollo was likewise worshipped
at Megara under the titles of Pythius (Schol. Pind. Nem. V. 84.
Philostrat. Vit. Soph. I. 24. 3.), Archagetas, Prostaterius, Carnius
and Agræus. The tripod and the Delphine on the coins of Megara see
Pouqueville, tom. IV. p. 131. against Clarke, vol. II. sect II. p.
768.

995 From Megara _Calchedon_ (see the coins) derived its worship and
oracle of Apollo (Dionys. Byz. p. 23.) Not far off was Demonesus;
and an Apollo of Demonesian brass is mentioned in Pseud. Aristot. de
Mirab. 59. Jungermann ad Poll. V. 5. 39. _Byzantium_ likewise, a
Megarian colony, had a temple of Apollo on the promontory of
Metopon, according to Dionysius de Bosp. Thrac. Byzantium, moreover,
had evidently derived from its parent city, but in an exaggerated
form, the tradition of the foundation of the city by Apollo, and
that this god placed his lyre upon a tower. Hence the seven
resounding towers (Hesych. Miles, ap. Codin. p. 2. 3. Dionys. Byz.
p. 6. Dio Cass. LXXIV. 14): also the fable of the dolphin charmed by
the sound of the lyre (Dionysius pag. 9. Gyllius de Constantinop.
pag. 285.) evidently belongs to the Megarian worship.

996 Homer. Hymn. Cer. 126.

997 See Pherecydes ap. Schol. Od. XI. 320. Apollod. II. 4. 7. Observ. ad
Apollod. p. 333.

998 Κεφαλίδαι γένος Ἀθήνησιν, Hesychius.

999 Paus. I. 37. 4.

1000 See Strabo X. p. 452. Thuc. III. 94. Propert. III. 9. ad fin.
Servius ad Æn. III. 271. Dodwell, vol. I. p. 53. Hughes, vol. I. p.
402. has a Leucadian inscription, Ἀπολλωνιᾶται ᾠκοδόμησαν.

1001 Aristot. in Ithac. Rep. ap. Etymol. M. in Ἀρκείσιος, Heraclid. Pont.
17 and 37. ed. Koehler. Heyne ad Apollod. II. 4. 7.

1002 Apollod. III. 15. 1. According to the ancient Charon of Lampsacus,
Phobus of Phocæa was the first who took this leap, Plutarch. Virt.
Mul. p. 289.

1003 Κατ᾽ ἐνίαυτον, Strabo X. p. 452. Ovid. Fast V. 630. Tristia
_Leucadio_ sacra peracta _modo_. Photius Lex. Λευκάτης. σκοπελὸς τῆς
ἠπείρου, ἀφ᾽ οὗ ῥίπτουσιν αὑτους εἰς τὸ πέλαγος οἱ ἱερεῖς.

1004 Photius in Τευμησία, from the ἐπικὸς κύκλος.

1005 Stesichorus apud Athen. XIV. p. 619. D. and Sappho. Compare Hardion.
_Sur le sault de Leucade_, Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscript. tom. VII.
p. 245.

1006 See Hesych. in θόρικος. Ptolem. Hephæst. 7.

1007 Fragment of the Παρθένια, p. 595. ed. Boeckh.

1008 See below, ch. 11. § 8.

1009 Od. VII. 322.

1010 Plutarch, de Def. Orac. 5.

1011 According to the emendation Τεγύρας for Τανάγρας in fragm. incert.
14. Boeckh.

1012 See _Orchomenos_, p. 220. Boeckh in the Berlin Transactions on the
Oration against Midias, below, ch. 8. § 4.

1013 Pausan. IX. 10. See Stanley ad Æsch. Eum. 21.

1014 Herod. VIII. 134. Soph. Œd. T. 21. μαντείᾳ σποδῷ, Philochorus ap.
Schol. ad 1.

1015 Hesych. in v. Also the lots burnt in the sacred fire, according to
the same grammarian, φρυκτὸσ Δελφοῖς κυῆρος. Compare Boeckh Explic.
Pind. Ol. VIII. 2. and Plutarch de Frat. Am. 20. To this custom
likewise refer the Φοίβου ἐσχάραι in Eurip. Phœn 292, and the name
of the ancient priest of the Delphic oracle πύρκεων. See the
Eumolpia in Paus. X. 5. 3.

1016 The stone of Manto in front of the temple, Paus. IX. 10. μαντίων
θῶκος. Pind. Pyth. XI. 6.

1017 The serpent of Cadmus is also by later writers called Castalius and
Δελφίνιος, Creuzer ad Nonni Narr. in Melet. vol. I. p. 93.

1018 Apollo Polius was also without the gates at Thebes, Paus. IX. 12. 1.
Apollo was likewise worshipped in the village of Calydna near
Thebes, Androtion ap. Steph. Byz. in Κάλυδνα.

1019 Below, ch. 11. § 7.

1020 See _Orchomenos_, pp. 234, 393.

1021 See the author’s work _De Minerva Poliade_, p. 2.

1022 Herodot. I. 56. VII. 94. VIII. 44.

1023 Hence Ion is called the πολέμαρχος or στρατηγὸς of the Athenians,
Herod. VIII. 44. Paus. I. 31. 2. II. 14. 2. VII. 1. 2. &c. hence
also Euripides says (Ion 1319) that “the shield and spear was the
whole patrimony of Xuthus.”

1024 Cicero de Nat. Deor. III. 22. 23. Lydus de Mens. p. 105.

1025 See Phanodemus ap. Athen. IX. p. 392. Plutarch, ap. Euseb. præp. ev.
II. p. 99. fragm. 10. p. 291. ed. Hutten. Euseb. Canon. 497. comp.
Paus. I. 18. 5. Legends of this kind were greatly amplified by Attic
orators, who, like Hyperides before the Amphictyons, had to defend
the claims of Athens upon Delos.

1026 Μηδὲν προσήκων Ἐρεχθείδαις, Plutarch Thes. 13.

1027 Ξοῦθος is the “bright” “shining” god, another form of ξανθός. See
below, ch. 6. § 7. Αἰγεὺς, from αἶγες, “the waves of the sea” is
equivalent to Ποσειδῶν Αἰγαῖος.

1028 Plutarch Thes. 5.

1029 Strabo IX. p. 392. after Sophocles and Philochorus. Cf. Schol.
Aristoph. Lys. 58. Vesp. 1218. Schol. Eurip. Hipp. 35.

1030 Philochorus apud Schol. Soph. Œd. Col. 1047. ed. Elmsl.

1031 Compare Barbié du Bocage’s _Histoire de la bourgade d’Œnoë la
sacrée_ at the end of Stanhope’s Plan of Platæa.

1032 Hence Sophocles ubi sup, calls the district of Eleusis Πυθίας ἀκτάς.
The Scholiast confounds the Œnoë of the tribe Hippothoontis with
that of the tribe Aiantis. The situation of the Pythium is correctly
treated by Reisig Enarr. Œd. Col. p. 134.

1033 In the passage of Philochorus ubi sup. read οἱ ἐκ τοῦ γένους Πυθιάδα
καὶ Δηλιάδα, for οἱ ἐκ τοῦ γένους Πυθίαι δὲ καὶ Δηλιάδες.

1034 The Δηλιασταὶ occurred in the laws of Solon, Athen. VI. p. 234 E.
the Πυθαϊσταὶ are mentioned in Steph. Byz. in Πυθώ.

1035 Strabo IX. p. 404 C. Eurip. Ion. 285. On the Pythium, see Thuc. II.
15. VI. 54. Isæus p. 113. 187. Suidas in Πύθιον. Suidas, Hesychius,
Prov. ἐν Πυθίῳ.

1036 Strabo IX. p. 404. Steph. Byz. in ἅρμα. Eustath. ad Il. β’ 499.
Hesych. in ἀστράπτει. Prov. in ὅταν δι᾽ Ἄρματος.

1037 Pausan. Dodwell vol. II. p. 170.

1038 See Æsch. Eum. 12. πέμπουσι δ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ σεβίζουσιν μέγα
κελευθοποιοὶ παῖδες Ἡφαίστου. Compare Ephorus ap. Strab. IX. p. 422
D. Aristid. Panath. vol. I. p. 329. _Orchomenos_ p. 36. 188.

1039 This rare tradition is preserved in the Schol. Æsch. Eum. 13. Schol.
Aristid. p. 107. ed. Frommel.

1040 This explains Herod. VI. 34. ἰόντες δὲ οἱ Δόλογκοι τὴν ἱρὴν ὁδὸν διὰ
Φωκέων τεκαὶ Βοιωτῶν ἤϊσαν. καί σφεας ὡς οὐδεὶς ἐκάλεε, ἐκτράπονται
ἐπ᾽ Ἀθηνέων.

1041 There is a trace of the correct tradition in Diod. IV. 60. cf. Serv.
ad Æn. VI. 14. The funeral games of Laius were made by the poets the
motive for this journey.

1042 Ἐν πολιτείᾳ Βοττιαίων ap. Plutarch. Thes. 16. cf. Qu. Gr. 35. Conon.
Narr. c. 25.

1043 Plutarch Thes. 15. Diod. IV. 61. Ovid. Metaph. VIII. 171.

1044 The chief passage on the septenary number of the boys and girls sent
to Crete is Servius ad. Æn. VI. 21. _Septena quotannis_ (κατ᾽
ἐνιαυτὸν) _quidam septem pueros et septem puellas accipi volunt,
quod et Plato dixit in Phædone_ (p. 58.) _et Sappho in Lyricis_ (p.
255. in Wolf’s Poetr. Gr.) _et Bacchylides in Dithyramhis_ (p. 17.
ed. Neue.) _et Euripides in Hercule_ (v. 1331.), _quos liberavit
secum Theseus_.

1045 The visit to Naxos originally signified a transmission of the
worship of Dionysus and Ariadne to that island, which rites had been
kept up at the festival of the Ὀσχοφόρια, though confounded with the
laurel-bearing procession of Apollo.

1046 Boeckh Economy of Athens, vol. II. p. 150. Erysichthon is said to
have sent the ξόανον with theorias to Delos, Plutarch Fragm. 10. p.
291. ed. Hutten.

1047 This confirms a fact which we collected from other sources, viz.,
that the Thargelian Apollo was the same god as that worshipped at
Delos and Crete.—There was an ancient writing on this subject
preserved in the Daphnephoreum at Phyle in Attica, Theophrastus ap.
Athen. X. p. 424 F. The origin of the Thargelia is also referred to
Crete by a tradition, that this festival arose from the expiatory
rites for the murder of Androgeus, Helladius ap. Phot. in Gronov.
Thes. Ant. Gr. vol. X. p. 978.

1048 Paus. I. 18. 5. τὰ μὲν δὴ δύο ξόανα εἶναι Κρητικά. See above, ch. 1.
§ 5.

1049 Pyth. I. 31. Compare Dodwell, vol. I. p. 532.

1050 Plutarch Thes. 12. 14. 18. cf. Paus. I. 19. 1. On his return Theseus
sacrifices to Apollo and Diana as οὔλιοι θεοὶ, Pherecydes ap.
Macrob. Sat. I. 17. frag. 59. ed. Sturz. comp. Spanheim ad Callim.
Hymn. Apoll. 40. 46.

1051 See Pollux VIII. 10. 119.

1052 Demosth de Coron. p. 274. cf. Aristot. ap. Harpocrat. in Ἀπόλλων
πατρῷος. The Achenians had πατρῷοι θυσίαι at Delphi, Demosth. Epist.
p. 1481. Apollo’s Attic title of πατρῷος is explained from his being
the πατὴρ of Ion; it is possible, however, that he was so called as
being the god of the πάτραι of the Ionians. Apollo was also called
λεσχηνόριος at Athens (Plutarch Εἰ 2. p. 217. Suidas in v.); perhaps
as being the titular deity of the 360 Δέσχαι of the 360 γένη at
Athens, Proclus ad Hesiod. Op. et Di. p. 116. Heins. Cleanthus ap
Harpocrat. in λέσχαι, Meursius ad Lycophr. 543.

1053 γεννῆται Ἀπόλλωνος πατρῷου καί Διὸς ἑρκείου, Demosth. adv. Eubulid.
p. 1315. 15. Pollux VIII. 85.

1054 As appears from Plato, Euthyd. p. 302 B. cf. Schol. et Heindorf. p.
404.

1055 Pollux VIII. 122.

1056 Callim. Hymn. Apoll. 69. with the Schol. and Spanheim. Harpocrat. in
Βοηδρόμια. Suidas and Etym. M. in Βοηδρομεῖν. Hence the archon
Polemarchus administered justice in the Lyceum, the temple of Apollo
Lyceus, near the statue of a wolf, Suidas in ἄρχων. Bekker Anecd.
vol. I. p. 449. Hesych. in ἐπιλύκιον. Λυκαμβὶς ἀρχὴ of the
polemarch, according to Cratinus, Hesych. in v. And in general all
the courts at Athens were under the protection of the wolf, viz.,
Apollo, Eratosth. ap. Harpocrat. in δεκάζων, Lexic. and Parœmiogr.
in λύκου δέκας. Etymol. M. in δεκασαι.

1057 In Colot. p. 31.

1058 Thes. 25. According to Plato Rep. IV. p. 427. Apollo is the πάτριος
ἐξηγητὴς of the Athenians.

1059 Hence Dorotheus (ap. Athen. IX. p. 410 A.) ἐν τοῖς τῶν εὐπατριδῶν
(not τῶν θυγατριδῶν) πατρίοις treated of the purification of
suppliants.

1060 Below, ch. 8. § 6.

1061 By representing the notion that Xuthus was the father of Ion as a
mere deceit of Xuthus.

1062 For example v. 668. Ὑμῖν δὲ σιγᾶν, δμωΐδες, λέγω τάδε, Ἢ θάνατον
εἰπούσαισι πρὸς δάμαρτ᾽ ἐμήν.

1063 V. 591. Εἶναί φασι τὰς αὐτόχθονας Κλεινὰς Ἀθήνας οὐκ ἐπείσακτον
γένος, &c.

1064 The view taken in the text on the Ion of Euripides has been
approved, since the first publication of this work, by Hermann, in
the preface to his edition of that tragedy, p. 32.

1065 Below, ch. 5, § 2. ch. 8. § 15.

1066 Book I. ch. 5, § 3. comp. Pausan. II. 24. 1. He was also called
Δειραδιώτης, from the height. There was likewise divination there,
Telesilla ap. Pausan. II. 35. 2-36. 5. Πυθαεὺς and Κρηταεὺς are
Doric forms; the hero Pythaëus cannot be separated from the god.
Zeus, Apollo, and Hercules, were the deities of the city of Argos,
Liv. XXXII. 33.

1067 Thucyd. II. 47. Sophocl. Electr. 7. Hence Λύκειος ἀγόρα, Sophocles,
Hesych. in v. The Argive coins with the wolf refer to this statue,
comp. Pausan. VIII. 40. 3. Here was also an oracle, Plut. Pyrrh. 31.
31. where write, ἡ τοῦ Λυκείου προφῆτις Ἀπόλλωνος. At Argos also
stood the statue of Apollo Ζωτεάτας, Hesych. in v. A temple of
Latona, Pausan. II. 21.

1068 Alcman Fragm. 35, 36. ed. Welcker. Herod. I. 69. comp. Bast. ad
Gregor. Corinth, p. 187. At Sparta, according to Hesychius, Λυκιάδες
κόραι τὸν ἀριθμὸν τριάκοντα αἱ τὸ ὕδωρ κομίζουσαι εἰς τὸ Λύκειον (a
kind of Hydrophoria).

1069 Pausan. II. 9. 7. Respecting the ancient temple of Apollo there, and
a brass statue, see Pseud.-Aristot. Mirab. Auscult. p. 59. Pausan.
II. 11. 2. Polyb. XVII. 16. 2. The tradition respecting its
foundation by Epopeus is not worth notice. Cleisthenes was the
person who instituted the Pythian games, Schol. Pind. Nem. IX. 49,
76. comp. Boeckh and Dissen Explic. p. 451. Apollo had there an ἱερὰ
χώρα; Polyb. ubi sup. Liv. XXXII. 40.

1070 Pausan. IV. 15. 5. The Messenians at Naupactus had also a temple of
Apollo (Thucyd. II. 91.); and the coins of the Messenians of Sicily
afford proof of the same worship. Concerning the ancient temple at
Æpea, Pausan. IV. 34. 4.

1071 Herod. VI. 57.

1072 Apollo Acreitas, Pausan. III. 12. 7. At Thornax Apollo Pythaëus,
III. 11. 2. Hesych. in Θόρναξ, cf. in θοράτης. Apollo Maleates,
Pausan. III. 12. 8. Thucyd. VII. 26. Apollo Λιθήσιος, Steph. Byz.
Suid. in v. comp. Pausan. II. 27. 8. Apollo at Geronthræ, Boeckh
Inscript. No. 1334.

1073 Herod. II. 32. Plutarch Arat. 40. Pausan. II. 5. 4. Hesych. in
Ζωτελιστὴς. At Corinth, Apollo, as at Argos, was ἀγορῆς καλλίχορου
πρύτανις, Simonides in Palat. Anthol. VI. 212. On the temple of
Apollo at Sicyon, likewise in the market-place, Ampel. Liber. Memor.
8.

1074 Pausan. II. 26. 3. comp. the inscriptions of the temple of
Æsculapius, Boeckh. Inscript. Nos. 1175, 1176. The temple of Apollo
Ægyptius belongs to the time of the Antonines.

1075 In this island a temple of Apollo was connected with the Thearion
(see Dissen ad Pind. Nem. III. p. 376.), with the worship of Apollo
Δελφίνιος, Οἰκιστὴς, and Δωματίτης, and the festival of the
Hydrophoria. Æginetica, p. 150. cf. 135.

1076 Above, ch. 2. § 8. The Pythian games, according to Pausan. II. 32.
2. founded by Diomed, are probably of a later date.

1077 ἀρχηγέτης, δωματίτης, οἰκιστὴς (Æginetica, p. 150, note k); for, as
Callimachus says (Hymn. Apoll. 55.), Φοῖβος ἀεὶ πολίεσσι φιληδεῖ
Κτιζομένῃς.

1078 Pausan. IV. 4. 1. 33. 3. cf. V. 25. 1.

1079 Thucyd. V. 18. IV. 118.

1080 Among the Achæans of Patræ. Pausan. VII. 21. 4.—of Ægira. id. VII.
26. 3. comp. the tradition respecting Bolina, id. VII. 23. 3.

1081 Pausan. VIII. 53. 1.

1082 ἦρος ἐπερχομένου. Theognis of Megara, v. 777.

1083 Pausan. V. 4. 2.

1084 On this enmity, to which so many legends refer, see Pausan. V. 2. 4.
VI. 16. 2.

1085 That Zeus was the chief god of the Eleans is evident from the
confederate temple at Ægium and elsewhere.

1086 Hesychius in v.

1087 Pausan. V. 15. 4.—τὸν μὲν δὴ παρὰ Ἠλείοις θέρμιον καὶ αὐτῷ μοι
παρίστατο εἰκάζειν, ὡς κατὰ Ἀτθίδα γλῶσσαν εἴν θέρμιον; for the last
θέρμιον Buttmann corrects θέσμιον; and it is evident that θέρμα was
Elean for θέσμα, “sacred ordinance or armistice.” See Appendix V. §
2. Also Therma, the place of the Panætolia, derived its name from
this word, which is probably of Ætolian-Elean origin. On its temple
of Apollo, see Polyb. XI. 4. 2.

1088 Pausan. IV. 4. 4.

1089 Perhaps this was the beginning of the connexion with Crete, to which
the name of the Ἰδαῖον ἄντρον at Olympia (Pind. Olymp. V. 42.
Demetrius ἐν νεῶν διακόσμῳ in the Scholia. Boeckh ad Schol. and
Explic. p. 150.), and the tradition that Clymenus, a descendant of
the Idæan Hercules, came to Pisa soon after the flood of Deucalion,
and there founded a temple, refer; comp. Pausan. V. 8. 1. VI. 21. 5.
V. 14. 6.

1090 Boeckh ad Pind. Olymp. III. 18. p. 138. Explic. Tzetzes ad Lycophr.
41. does not speak of this event with the same exactness as the
Schol. Pind. Olymp. III. 39. Comp. also Wurm de Ponderum, etc. § 90.
p. 174.

1091 See particularly Philostratus Vit. Apollon. V. 25. p. 208. Cic. de
Divin. I. 41. concerning the Telliadæ, Herod. IX. 37. VIII. 27.
These diviners are called the μάντεις Ἠλείων πρόμολοι at the altar
of Olympia in the oracle in Phlegon p. 129. in Meursii Op. vol. VII.

1092 Pausan. VI. 17. 4.

1093 Pausan. V. 8. 1.

1094 Boeckh Corp. Inscript. No. 1711.

1095 As appears from the Homeric Hymn to Apollo.

1096 See Porphyr. de Abstin. II. 17. comp. Apostol. VI. 93. and the story
of Æsop; also the proverb, Δελφὸς ἀνὴρ στέφανον μὲν ἔχει, δίψει δ᾽
ἀπόλωλεν.

1097 Hom. Hymn. Apoll. 535.

1098 The λαὸς οἰκήτωρ θεοῦ, Eur. Androm. 1092.

1099 Plutarch, de Pyth. Orac. 16. p. 273. The Thessalians vowed at least
every year a hecatomb of men to Apollo Καταιβάτης. Schol. Eur. Phœn.
1416. Zenobius in θετταλῶν σόφισμα.

1100 Sosicrates ap. Suid. vol. I. p. 621. Hesych. p. 1026. Apostol. VII.
37. Prov. Vat. App. II. 94. and Steph. Byz. in Δούλων πόλις, with
which he mentions the ἱερόδουλοι. We may probably discern a similar
servitude in the gift of the golden tripods which the Θηβαγένεις
were bound to bring at certain times to the Ismenian temple of
Apollo, _Orchomenos_, p. 397. Apollo Nesiotes at Chalia in Bœotia
also possessed Hieroduli, Boeckh. Inscript. No. 1607. The Delian
Ἑκατηβελέταο θεράπναι (Hom. Hymn. Apoll. 157) were of the same
description as the chorus in the Phœnissæ. In the Didymæum
(Inscript. in Walpole’s Travels, p. 582) there were οἱ περι το
μαντειον παντες και οἱ το ἱερον κατοικουντες και οἱ προσχωροι, boys
sent thither as the spoil of war, Conon. Narr. c. 44.

1101 ἀνάθημα πόλεως ἢ τινὸς πραθεὶς ὕπο.

Eurip. Ion. 322.

ἱερὸν τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν.

Ver. 1299.

1102 Boeckh in Hirt _Ueber die Hierodulen_, p. 48.

1103 See book III. ch. 4.

1104 Diod. IV. 66. Pausan. VII. 3. 1. see above, ch. 2. § 7.

1105 Apostol. VII. 34. where for Ἀθηναίων read Ἀργείων. Suidas in δόρυ
κηρυκεῖον. _Orchomenos_, p. 118.

1106 Herod. VII. 132. Xenoph. Hell. VI. 3. and 5. ἐλπὶς δεκατευθῆναι τὸ
πάλαι λεγόμενον Θηβαίους. Not the land, but the people themselves
were to be decimated.

1107 See above, p. 46, note n. [Transcriber’s Note: This is the footnote
to “the Dorians or Malians,” starting “Aristot. ap. Strab.”] Etymol.
M. p. 154. 7.

1108 Apollod. II. 7. 7. cf. Diod. IV. 37.

1109 Pausan. II. 35. 2. Apollo was also worshipped under the titles of
Ὄριος and Πλατανίστιος. Concerning the Dryopes as worshippers of
Apollo see Pausan. IV. 34. 6. Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 480. Prob. ad
Virgil. Georg. III. 7. Anton. Liberal. c. 32. Etymol. M. p. 288. 32.
Heyne ad Æn. IV. 143. vol. II. p. 736. ed. 3. According to Pausanias
they also retained this worship in the Messenian settlements.
According to Conon, c. 29. upon the occasion of the return from Troy
they sent a tithe (δεκάτη).

1110 See above, b. I. ch. 2. § 4.

_ 1111 Ver sacrum vovere, i.e. quæcunque vere proximo nata essent
immolaturos_, Festus in v. Mamertin. _Trecenta millia hominum, velut
ver sacrum, miserunt_, Justin. XXIV. 4.

1112 According to the remarkable account of Parthen. Erot. 5. they were
δεκατευθέντες ἐκ Φερῶν ὑπ᾽ Ἀδμήτου, and were conducted by Leucippus
a Lycian. Strab. XIV. 647. reverses the story: Δελφῶν ἀπόγονοι, τῶν
ἐποικησάντων τὰ Δίδυμα ὄρη (near Pheræ, _Orchomenos_, p. 192.) ἐν
Θετταλίᾳ.

1113 Plato Leg. XI. p. 919 D. comp. Boeckh In Minoem et Leges, pag. 68.
Magnesia, re-established according to Plato’s fiction, consecrates
to Apollo and Helius, κατὰ τὸν παλαιὸν νόμον, three men as an
ἀκροθίνιον, ibid. XII. p. 945. See also Apollod. Fragm. p. 386.
Conon Narr. c. 29. Varro 3. Rer. Human. apud Prob. ad Virg. Ecl. VI.
Cretans in the Asiatic Magnesia, Strab. XIV. p. 636. Schol. Apollon.
Rhod. I. 584.

1114 Parthenius mentions Κρητιναῖον and Leucophryne instead of Magnesia.

1115 Boeckh Corp. Inscript. 2910; and see particularly Conon ubi sup.

1116 Aristot. and Theophrast. ap. Athen. p. 173 F.

1117 Semus ἐν Δηλιακοῖς ap. Athen. ubi sup.

1118 It is to this that the Homeric hymn to the Pythian Apollo, v. 1.
refers; also the coins of Magnesia (_Apollo supra Mæandrum stans_).
There was also a place near Magnesia called Apollonia.

1119 X. 32. 4.

1120 Hence the name of Apollo Hylates in Lycoph. 447; where Tzetzes is
confused. Apollo Hylates at Amamassus in Cyprus, Steph. Byz. in v.
In Athen. XV. p. 672 E. for ὙΒΛΑ ὙΛΑΙ. Query, whether Hiera. Come,
Liv. XXXVIII. 12, 13. is the same place? Magnesia on the Sipylus
also worshipped Apollo, τὸν ἐν Πάνδοις, Marm. Oxon. 26. 85.

1121 See Frank Callinus, p. 89. Liebel Archil. p. 202. Concerning the
founding of Magnesia see Ruhnken on Velleius I. 4. Kanne on Conon,
c. 29. Raoul-Rochette, tom. II. p. 387.

1122 Plut. Quæst. Græc. 13. 26.

1123 A Rhegian in Timæus (Strab. p. 260 C. Antig. Caryst. 1), ἱεροὺς
εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ τοὺς προγόνους αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν ἀποικίαν ἐνθένδε
ἐστάλθαι. cf. VI. p. 257 D. Creuzer Fragm. Xanth. p. 373. cf. p.
178.

1124 Respecting the ablutions in the seven rivers, the sacred
laurel-tree, &c., see Varro ap. Prob. Præf. ad Virg. Ecl. and
compare Hermann’s excellent dissertation on the Glauci of Æschylus,
Opuscula, vol. II. p. 59.

1125 Pausan. V. 25. 1. The coins of Rhegium have the head of Apollo, a
lyre, a tripod, and cortina.

1126 See particularly Tacit. Annal. IV. 14.

1127 Founded, according to Callim. Epigr. XLI. 2. by Acrisius the
Pelasgian, to whom the establishment of the Amphictyonic council was
_for that reason_ attributed.

1128 Ælian. V. H. III. 1. Liv. XXXIX. 24. comp. Plutarch de Def. Orac.
14.

1129 On the towns included in the league see above, book I. ch. 6. § 2.
On the games at the festival, Herod. I. 144.

1130 Neptune and the nymphs were also of the number of the Triopian
deities, Schol. Theocr. XVII. 69. Comp. Boeckh ad Schol. Pind. Pyth.
II. 27. p. 314. Concerning the worship of Apollo at Halicarnassus,
see Inscript. in Walpole’s Travels, p. 576. Apollo Telchinius at
Lindus (see Meurs. Rhod.), at Cameirus ἐειγεννήτης and ἐπιμήλιος.
Macr. Sat. I. 17. at Anaphe, Apollo Ægletes, Æginetica, p. 170. note
a; comp. above, p. 116. note z.

1131 I have adopted the opinion of Ste. Croix, Gouvernemens fédératifs,
p. 156. that the federal festival of the twelve Æolian cities was at
Gryneum, chiefly on account of the altars of the twelve gods, and
the Ἀχαιῶν λιμὴν at that place, and the statements of Scylax.

1132 According to Strabo X. p. 487. there were here ἑστιατόρια, as at
Delos, for the assembly; and in a Tenian inscription (Boeckh Corp.
Ins. Gr. No. 2329), a citizen is eulogized for having undertaken a
θεαροδοκία for the Delians, the office of receiving the θεωροὶ, a
species of λειτουργία. Spanheim ad Callim. Hymn. Del. 325.

1133 Ἱστίη νήσων, Callim. Hymn. Del. 325. et Spanheim ad 1.

1134 Hom. Hymn. ad Apoll. Del. 141. The coins like those of Delos: the
name also reminds us of mount Cynthus. (Hemsterh. ad Aristoph. Plut.
p. 311.)

1135 An Apollonia in this island, Steph. Byz. Compare the coins.

1136 Particularly at Carthæa, Pind. Isthm. I. 6. Athen. X. p. 456 E.
Probably a Δήλιον, according to Dissen. Explic. p. 484. Πύθια at the
same place, Anton. Lib. c. 1. Concerning the choruses of Apollo at
Carthæa see Boeckh Corp. Insc. Gr. Nos. 2361-3. A Smintheum at
Coressus and Pœessa, Strabo X. p. 486.

1137 Apollo Tragius, Steph. in Τραγαία. Apollo Ποίμνιος, Macr. Sat. I.
17. Hipponax ap. Schol. Aristoph. Ran. 658. A Δήλιον at Naxos.
Aristot. Plut. Virt. Mul. p. 289. ed. Hutten. Parthen. Erot. 9.
comp. Obs. Misc. Bat. vol. VII. p. 24. Besides these, there were
many other Ionic temples of Apollo, in Samos, Eubœa, &c.

1138 See above, book I. ch. 6. § 12.

1139 Ælian. V. H. II. 26. Tzetzes ad Lycoph. 911. Wesseling corrects
Ἀλαῖος for Ἅλιος in Aristot. ubi sup. comp. Heyne Opusc. Acad. vol.
II. p. 178. with Creuzer Symbolik. II. p. 200. The bird on the coins
is not an eagle but a raven (Mionnet Descr. planche 60), the _comes
iripodum_.

1140 One hundred and twenty stadia from Croton, Aristot. Mirab. Ausc. p.
1098 C. Justin. XX. 1. Etym. Mag. in Ἀλιαῖος.

1141 Ap. Strab. VI. p. 265 C.

1142 On the statue of Aristeas in the market-place of Metapontum, by the
side of the statue of Apollo, see Herod. IV. 15. and on a brass
laurel-tree in the same place, Athen. XIII. p. 605 C. In the temple
of Apollo, Plutarch περὶ τοῦ μὴ χρᾶν 8.

_ 1143 Caulonia_ in Italy is also remarkable for this worship, the ancient
coins of which town exhibit Apollo bearing a laurel, or a bow, with
a stag.

1144 Thucyd. VI. 3. ΑΡΧΑΓΕΤΑ ΠΟΛΛΩΝΟΣ, on the coins of Tauromenium and
Enna. As to _Sicily_, there was a temple of Apollo Temenites Pythius
at Syracuse, Cic. Verr. IV. 53. Steph. Byz. in Συρακοῦσαι. comp.
Ælian. V. H. I. 18. Letronne Topographie de Syracuse, p. 26. Göller
de Situ Syrac. p. 59. also of Apollo Δαφνίτας, Etymol. p. 250. 38.
At Gela there was a colossal statue of Apollo in front of the town,
Timæus apud Diod. XIII. 107. Apollinarian rites of the Erbitæans and
their colony Alæsa, Diod. XIV. 16. Inscript. ap. Castelli, p. 109
sqq. At Lilybæum, according to the coins, Apollo Libyrtius near
Pachynum. Macr. Sat. I. 17. The month Dalius in Sicily, Castelli
Prol. 73.

1145 Inscription at Olympia, ap. Pausan. V. 22. 2.

1146 Plut. de Pyth. Orac. 16. p. 273. Also at Myrina in Æolis. Comp. ch.
2. § 7.

_ 1147 Orchomenos_, p. 327 sqq.

1148 A similar tradition in Sinope, Philostephanus ap. Schol. Apoll. Rh.
II. 953. Diod. IV. 71.

1149 Herod. IV. 32. See also Homer. Hymn. VII. 29.

1150 X. 5. 4.

1151 See above, ch. 1. § 3.

1152 Thus I write for Ἀμάδοκος in Paus. I. 4. 4. and Λαοδόκος, ib. X. 23.
3. on account of the _Laodice_ of Herodotus. Herodotus VIII. 39.
mentions, on a similar occasion, the native heroes Phylacus and
Autonous.

1153 Scholl. Apoll. Rh. II. 675. unless Cluver. Germ. Ant. I. p. 16, is
right in correcting Κελτοὺς for Δελφούς.

1154 See the beautiful fragment in prose in Himerius Orat. XIV. 10. with
which Cicero de N. D. III. 23. agrees; see Heindorf’s note. It is to
this ode, perhaps, that the words of Plutarch refer, De Mus. 14.
δῆλον ἐκ τῶν χορῶν καὶ τῶν θυσιῶν, ἃς προσῆγον μετ᾽ αὐλῶν τῷ θεῷ,
καθάπερ ἄλλοι τε καὶ Ἀλκαῖος ἔν τινι τῶν ὕμνων ἱστορεῖ.

1155 In this part occurred what Pausanias X. 8, 5. cites from the
προοίμιον ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα of Alcæus, that the water of Castalia came
from the Cephisus.

1156 Diod. II. 47. where the period is alone falsely stated. That the
harvest begins at the rising of the Pleiades, is stated by Hesiod.
Op. et D. 381. Compare the story in Eratosth. Catast. 29.

1157 Tischbein I. 8. 9. with the correct explanation of Italinsky. As in
the vase in Tischbien IV. 8. the tripod is represented as standing
beside the figure, which is a certain proof that Apollo is in
question.—Nevertheless, some very distinguished antiquarians are
still of opinion that the figure is _Triptolemus_, and not Apollo;
indeed the _Instituto di corrispondenza Archeologica_ at Rome has
lately published a painted vase (I. Distrib. pl. 4.), in which
Τριπτολεμος is written by this figure in the same position, and with
the same accompaniments; whence it seems to me probable that, in
antiquity, the ideas attached to this composition were not fixed. A
vase in Millin I. 46. represents Apollo Daphnephorus attended by a
Hyperborean in the Arimaspian costume.

1158 Paus. X. 5. 5.

1159 XXI. 3.

1160 Œnomaus ap. Euseb. Præp. Evang. p. 133. Steph. quotes from a
supposed oracle of a prophetess named Asteria, that the inhabitants
and priests of Delos came from the Hyperboreans.

1161 Aristot. Hist. An. VI. 35. Antig. Caryst. 61. p. 111. ed. Beckmann.
Schol. Apoll. Rh. II. 124.

1162 Herod. IV. 35. Opis and Hecaërgus, according to Pseudo-Plato Axioch.
pag. 371. A. Servius ad Æn. XI. 858. The circumstance of the θήκη of
these virgins being turned to the east shows that it was of the
Cretan time, since the Dorians laid their dead to the east, the
Ionians to the west. See book IV. ch. 1. § 2.

1163 περφέρεες, also ἀμαλλοφόροι and ὑλοφόροι. See Porphyr. de Abstin.
II. 19. Rhoer ad 1 and Spanheim ad Callim. Hymn. Del. 283.

1164 Dodona was Hyperborean, according to Etymol. M. in Δωδωναῖος.

1165 Plutarch de Musica 14.

1166 According to Herodotus and Callim. ad Del. 281. cf. Plin. H. N. IV.
26. Mela III. 5. Salmasius considers the gifts as θυμάτων ἀπαρχαὶ,
_prosiciæ hostiarum_, with Mela; but they were doubtless _primitiæ
frugum_, Exerc. Plin. p. 147.

1167 No weight can be laid on the particular road, as Pausanias I. 31. 2.
mentions one which touches Attica, where also there were rites or
sanctuaries, τὰ ἐξ Ὕπερβορέων, Chrysost. Epist. ad Tit. Rom. 3. vol.
XI. p. 744 E. ed. Montfaucon. See below, § 6.

1168 Heyne Excurs. ad Æn. IV. 2. He also comes to Delos in the spring.

1169 Tischbein II. 12. Compare the coins of Chalcedon ap. Valliant. et
Theupoli. A commentary is furnished by the beginning of Callimachus’
hymn to Apollo.

1170 Above, ch. 1. § 2.

1171 Herod. IV. 13. The statement of Herodotus is exactly confirmed by a
fragment of Aristeas in Tzetz. Chiliad. VII. 144. which may be
genuine. In v. 688. for καὶ σφᾶς ανθρωπους should be written καὶ
φᾶς᾽ ἀνθρώπους (φασί).

1172 Φοιβόλαμπτος. The Issedones were first mentioned by Alcman, who
called them Ἀσσέδονες, Steph. Byz. in Ἰσσήδονες. He also mentioned
the Rhipæans, Schol. Soph. Œd. Col. 1312.

1173 Ap. Steph. Byz. in Ὕπερβόρεοι.

1174 The two last points are likewise mentioned by Hellanicus ap. Clem.
Alex. Strom. I. p. 305. Later authorities on this point I pass over.

1175 Herod. IV. 25.

1176 Olymp. III. 14. cf. Olymp. VIII. 41. Pyth. X. 31. Isthm. V. 22.

1177 Ap. Schol. Apoll. Rh. IV. 284.

1178 This is considered by Voss as the original notion, who supposes the
whole fable of the happy Hyperboreans to be an invention of Spanish
sailors, Ad Virg. Georg. II. p. 381. _Weltkunde_, Jena Journal
Quart. II. p. 20, 29. sqq.: on the Griffins ib. Quart. IV. His
opinions have been implicitly followed by Uckert, Géographie, vol.
II. p. 237.

1179 See particularly Apollon. Rh. IV. 284. who, according to the
Scholia, follows Æschylus.

1180 Boreas, according to Sophocles ap. Strab. VII. p. 204. carried
Orithyia.

Ὕπέρ τε πόντον πάντ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα χθονὸς,
Νυκτός τε πηγὰς οὐρανοῦ τ᾽ ἀναπτυχὰς,
Φοίβου τε παλαιὸν κῆπον.

1181 Hellanicus ubi sup. Simonides and Pindar ap. Strab. XV. p. 1038 B.
Æschyl. Choëph. 371.

1182 Pyth. X. 56.

1183 Compare the αἴθρια στέφη, Suidas in στέφος—τὰ ἐξ Ὕπερβορέων
κομιζόμενα, ὡς ἀεὶ ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τιθέμενα. Cratinus ap. Hesych. in v.
Bekker. Anecd. p. 355. 30. Classical Journal vol. VI. p. 369.

1184 Ap. Ælian. N. A. XI. 1. compare Creuzer Vet. Historic. fragm. p. 85.
This Hecatæus still believed in the real existence of the
Hyperboreans, Schol. Apoll. Rh. II. 615. Steph. Byz. in Καραμβύκαι.

1185 Comp. Callim. fragm. 187. Bœus and Simmias ἐν Απόλλωνι ap. Anton.
Liber, c. 20. Tzet. zes Chil. VII. 144. v. 677. (compare Brunck
Anal. vol. II. p. 525.) Gesner comment. Soc. Gotting. vol. II. p.
33.

1186 Boeckh. Corp. Inscript. No. 1688. lin. 14.

1187 Mela and Plin. ubi sup. cf. Hellanic. ubi sup. It is remarkable that
this custom of leaping from high rocks occurs, in precisely the same
manner as among the Hyperboreans, in Scandinavian legends. See
Grimm, Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer, p. 486.

1188 De Nat. Deor. III. 23.

1189 So also Etymol. M. in νόμοι κιθαρ. p. 607. Referred to _music_ (from
νόμος, a strain) by Schol. Pind. Nem. V. 42. Procl. Chrestom. p.
282. 13. in Gaisford’s Hephæstion.

1190 Pyth. IX. 64. Boeckh. Explic. p. 324.

_ 1191 Orchomenos_, p. 348.

1192 The Parrhasian Apollo on mount Lycæum (Paus. VIII. 38. 2.) was
originally the Apollo Nomius.

1193 Cicero de Div. I. 57. 130. from Heraclides Ponticus.

1194 Schol. Apoll. Rh. II. 500. partly from Bacchylides, Pherecydes
fragm. 42. ed. Sturz.

1195 Schol. Apoll. Rh. II. 514. cf. Schol. II. α. 766.

1196 Clem. Alex. Protrept. p. 8. cf. Porphyr. Vit. Pythag. § 16. Cyrill.
adv. Julian, p. 542.

1197 The statement that Pythagoras placed at Delphi on a grave an
inscription of these words, “Apollo the son of Silenus,” is a
confused and fabulous story of late times, Porphr. ubi sup. The wild
olive was sacred to Apollo Nomius, according to Theocritus XXV. 20;
and he was considered the author of a kind of epilepsy, Hippocrat.
de Morbo Sacro, p. 303.

1198 Below, ch. 8. § 15.

1199 Hesiod. fragm. 21. ed. Gaisford.

1200 Paus. VIII. 30.

1201 Apollo is represented with a crown of ears on his head, in a gem in
Lippert’s Dactyliothek I. p. 62. No. 145. Sometimes also on coins
there is only a grain of corn with symbols of Apollo, _e.g._, on
those of Hephæstia and Abdera.

1202 Σμίνθοι ἀρουραῖοι, Æschylus ap. Ælian. Hist. An. XII. 15.

1203 Strabo XIII. p. 604. Schol. II. α. 89. Ælian ubi sup. Tzetz. ad
Lycoph. 1302. Apollo bears a mouse in his hand on a coin of Hadrian,
belonging to Alexandria Troas Mionnet. tom. II. p. 644. A painted
vase in Tischbein II. 17. probably refers to the sacred mice of a
Smintheum; concerning which see Heraclid. Pont. ap. Strab. ubi sup.
According to Pollux IX. 6. 84. the Argives had a mouse on their
coins (as an emblem of Apollo); Eckhel has none of this kind; Mr.
Payne Knight’s collection contains a very small ancient gold coin
with this type. See Knight on the Symbolical Language of Mythology,
§ 128. note.

1204 Strabo XIII. p. 613.

1205 Philochorus ap. Schol. Vulg. ad Od. XX. 155. cf. ad XXI. 258.

1206 Plutarch Dion. 23.

1207 Plutarch de Defect. Orac. 7, 12. de Pyth. Orac. 12. Symp. Quæst.
III. 10.

1208 Æginetica, p. 27. The Apollo Ἠλεῖος at Argos (Paus. VIII. 46. 2.) is
hardly a Ἤλιος.

1209 The Trœzenian Ὦρος (Paus. II. 30. 6.) was probably a god of the
seasons, and afterwards the sun; but ὥρα and the Ægyptian Horus
cannot surely have any etymological connexion.

1210 Herod. VI. 97. Pseudo-Plat. Axioch. p. 371 A. comp. Æsch. Pers. 206.

1211 See below, ch. 6. § 10. [Transcriber’s Note: There is no such
section in that chapter.]

1212 Eurip. Phaeth. fr. 2. Matthiæ. Ἀπόλλω δ᾽ ἐν βροτοῖς σ᾽ ὀρθῶς καλεῖ
Ὅστις τὰ σιγῶντ᾽ ὀνόματ᾽ οἶδε δαιμόνων.

1213 Fragm. 48. The same doctrine was followed by Apollodorus (Macrob.
Sat. I. 17.) and Philochorus, according to whom there was a
Helius-Apollo among the Tritopatores, ap. Strab. XIV. p. 655.

1214 C. 24. It is only the following narration which is taken from the
Bassarides of Æschylus; comp. Timotheus περὶ κοσμοπούας ap. Euseb.
Scalig. p. 4.

1215 This fact refers to the actual worship of the sun in Thrace,
Sophocles in Tereo ap. Schol. Il. XV. 705.

1216 The passages in which he is considered as the god of the sun, a
fragment in J. Diaconus, and a hymn, are of the latest date. The
Sibylline oracle in Zosimus II. 6. where Apollo is called Helius, is
of the Alexandrine age; likewise the strange hymn in Brunck’s
Analecta, vol. II. p. 518. is of very late date. Moreover, the
coins, in which Apollo is represented with rays round his head, are,
as far as I can discover, all of the age of the emperors.

1217 The Apollo γενέτωρ of Delos was probably so called with a fixed
though obscure reference, like the Apollo πατρῷος, which the Orphic
philosophers in Macrob. Sat. I. 17. also explained to be
_progenitor_ in general. See above, ch. 2. § 15.

_ 1218 Orchomenos_, p. 383. compare Schwarz Miscell. Polit. hum. p. 89.
Creuzer Symbolik, vol. III. p. 166.

1219 Od. XV. 402. cf. III. 280. XI. 171. Il. XXIV. 759. Artemis kills
women for him, as in Pindar Pyth. V. 10. On Artemis and Apollo, as
gods of death, see Nast’s Opusc. Lat. P. 11. n. 12. p. 293 sqq.

1220 Ἕκατος, ἑκάεργος, ἑκηβόλος, ἑκατηβελέτης, ἀφήτωρ.

1221 Il. IV. 508. VII. 21.

1222 XV. 308. XVI. 703.

1223 See Pind. Pyth. IV. 86.

1224 Hom. Hymn. Apoll. Del. 13.

1225 Homer represents Aphrodite as the protector of Æneas and antagonist
of Diomed, and Ares in battle for the Trojans, in a disadvantageous
light; and describes, with evident irony, the weakness of the
goddess, and the brutal confidence of the god. In like manner, Diana
and the river-god Scamander sometimes play a very undignified part.
Apollo, alone, always maintains his dignity.

1226 Il. XXI. 464. cf. XXIV. 40. ᾧ οὔτ᾽ ἂρ φρένες εἰσίν ἐναίσιμοι.

1227 Il. XXIV. 606.

1228 Od. XI. 517.

1229 Il. VIII. 227. He overcomes Phorbas in a boxing-match, Eurytus in a
contest of archery, to which the latter had challenged all the gods;
hence he is in general supposed to preside over contests with the
cæstus (Il. XXIII. 660. Plutarch. Quæst. Symp. VIII. 4); and amongst
the Dorians, who loved the sports of the field, was particularly
considered as a patron of archery and huntsmen. Il. XXIII. 872.
Soph. Œd. C. 1091. Pollux V. 5. 39.

1230 Ὦναξ Ἄπολλον, καὶ σὺ μὲν τοὺς αἰτίους Πήμαινε, καὶ σφᾶς ὄλλυ᾽ ὥσπερ
ὀλλύεις. Fragm. 79. ed. Gaisfoid. Compare Blomfield ad Æsch. Agam.
66. Gloss.

1231 Ἀπὸ σ᾽ ὀλέσειεν Ἄρτεμίς τε χὠπόλλων, Fragm. 16. ed. Welcker.

1232 Æschyl. Agam. 1091. Plato Cratyl. p. 405. and Eurip. Phaeth. (above,
p. 306. note m. [Transcriber’s Note: This is the footnote to “wont
to destroy them,” starting “Ὦναξ Ἄπολλον.”]) allude to the same
derivation.

1233 Hermann _Ueber das Wesen der Mythologie_, p. 107.

1234 Pausan. I. 43. 7. Anthol. Palat. VII. 154. On a coin of Prusia
Apollo is represented with a scourge in his hand, Mionnet Descript.
tom. II. p. 482.

1235 Herod. III. 52. Walpole’s Travels, p. 541. In an Asiatic inscription
of the cod. Sherard. these fines are called ἱεραὶ δραχμαί.

1236 Agamem. 55.

1237 Gellius N. A. V. 12.

1238 Schol. Eurip. Phœn. 1446.

1239 Plut. Quæst. Græc. 24.

1240 Plut. de Ει 21. p. 246. de Defect, Orac. 7. p. 309. non posse suav.
vivi sec. Epicur. 23. p. 124. Perhaps, likewise, the Apollo
Philesius should be referred to this head.

1241 Ἀκήσιος. Paus. VI. 24, 5. ἀκέστωρ, Eurip. Androm. 900.

1242 Ἐπακούριος, Paus. VIII. 32-41. 5.

1243 Ἀλεξίκακος, ibid. I. 3. 3. Aristoph. Pac. 420. Compare Visconti,
Museo Pio-Clement. I. p. 27.

1244 Ἀποτροπαῖος, Orac. ap. Demosth. in Mid. p. 331. 27. Inscript. in
Walpole’s Travels, p. 547. No. 38. Stuart’s Antiquities of Athens,
vol. I. p. 25. called προστάτης, in the colonies on the Pontus,
above, ch. 2. § 6. comp. Soph. Trach. 208. with Hermann’s note. He
is invoked in his character of Προστατήριος to avert nightly
terrors, in Soph. Elec. 638; in Aj. 187 he keeps off madness; in
Eurip. Herc. Fur. 821, the fury. Πύθιοι καὶ σωτήριοι θέοι. Boeckh
Corp. Inscript. No. 1693.

1245 Pind. Pyth. v. 63. cf. IV. 270. Aristoph. Plut. 8. Soph. Œd. T. 149.
Callim. Hymn. Apoll. 72. See, however, Il. XVI. 527. He was called
Λοίμιος at Lindus, Macrob. Sat. I. 17. _Medicus_ at Rome about 416
A.U.C. Ἰατρὸς, Tzetzes ad Lycophr. 1206.

1246 Demosth. in Mid. ubi sup.

1247 Il. v. 401, 899. with Schol. Venet. cf. Od. IV. 232. Aristarchus
considered Apollo and Pæon in Homer as identical, yet Hesiod
distinguishes them in the fragment in Eustath. ad Od. p. 1493.
Schol. Min. ad 1. (cf. Hemsterhuis in Gaisford’s Poetæ Min. p. 551),
and perhaps also in Brunck’s Analecta, vol. I. p. 67.

1248 Hom. Hymn, ad Apoll. Pyth. Eurip. Ion 128, 140. Pindar’s Pæan in the
Fragments.

1249 Proclus apud Phot. ἰδίως ἀπέκειτο τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι καὶ τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι.

1250 Hom. Hymn. 272, 320.

1251 Proclus ubi sup. Hesych. In Soph. Œd. T. 152. a song of a chorus
resembling a pæan has these words; Φοῖβος—σωτήρ θ᾽ ἵκοιτο καὶ νόσου
παυστήριος. cf. Schol. ad v. 114. et Suid. in ἰηίων.

1252 Callim. Hymn. Apoll. 21. Næniæ and pæans opposed to one another.
Eurip. Iph. T. 183. The god of death was honoured with no pæan.
Æsch. Niob. Frag. 5. Pæans to Hades, the Furies, &c. are an
oxymoron; see Monk ad Eurip. Alc. 431.

1253 Comp. the pæans of the Spartans at the Gymnopædia for the battle of
Thermopylæ. Etymolog. Mag. p. 243, 4. Apollo and Artemis, gods of
victory, Soph. Trach. 207.

1254 See Æschyl. Theb. 250. The ὀλυλυγμὸς (_ululatus_) which is here
mentioned was in part the ἐλελεῦ, which according to Plutarch Thes.
22. occurred in singing the pæan and at the libation (in this
passage σπένδοντες is evidently the right meaning). Hence Apollo is
called ἐλελεὺς in Macrob. Sat. I. 17. From this also comes the
ἐλελίζειν which Xenophon often mentions, but distinguishes it from
the pæan, and represents it as performed to Enyalius or Ares, Anab.
I. 8. 18. cf. V. 2. 14. Hell. II. 4, 17.

1255 Callim. Apoll. 113. Apoll. Rhod. II. 710. cf. Athen. XV. p. 701 C.
Duris ap. Etym. Mag. in ἰηίε.

1256 Thuc. VII. 44. cf. IV. 43.

1257 Æsch. Again. 99.

1258 Eurip. Hippol. 1373. Æsch. ap. Stob. Serm. p. 121.

1259 Æsch. Agam. 518.

1260 Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 352.

1261 Dieuchidas in Megaricis ap. Schol. Aristophan. Vesp. 870. Harpocrat.
In Tegea (derived from Sparta) Paus. VIII. 53. I. 2.

1262 Above, ch. 4. § 2.

1263 Demosth. in Mid. p. 331. comp. Varro ap. Porphyr. ad Horat. Carm.
IV. 6. 28. _ex responso sui (Pythii) oraculi in viis publicis urbis
suæ Athenienses statutis altaribus sacrificare Apollini instituerunt
et Agyeum appellare_. Also Eurip. Ion 186. to which Eustath. ad Il.
p. 166. Rom. refers. Varro is probably followed by Euanthius De
Tragœdia et Comœdia: _Athenienses cum Apollini Nomio vel_ Ἀγυιαίῳ
(as Osann. Auctar. Lex. p. 82. corrects), _i.e._ _pastorum
vicinorumque_ (read _vicorumque_) _præsidi deo constructis aris
festum carmen solenniter cantarent_.

1264 Schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 870. Thesm. 496. Eq. 1317. Schol. Eurip.
Phœn. 634. Harpocrat. Hesych. Helladius ap. Phot. cod. 279. p. 1596.
Plautus Mercat. IV. 1. 9. Steph. Byz. in ἀγυιὰ, also Otto de Diis
Vialibus, et Zoëga De Obeliscis p. 210. The Agyieus often occurs on
coins, instead of other emblems of Apollo, where numismatic writers
have not recognised the symbol. See the coins of Apollonia in
Epirus, Aptera in Crete, Megara, Byzantium, Oricus, Ambracia, where
the statue is surrounded with fillets.

1265 Eurip. Ion. ubi sup.

1266 κυισσᾶν ἀγυιὰς, Demosth. ubi sup. and Stephens’s Thesaurus, ed.
Lond. vol. I. p. 1048.

1267 Ἀβέλιος, the Cretans and Pamphylians, Hesych. in v. Comp.
Hemsterhuis ad Hesych. in θάβακον, Koen ad Greg. Corinth. p. 354.
ed. Schæfer. βέλα ἥλιος καὶ αὐγὴ, a Laconism according to Hesychius.

1268 The jocular etymology of Plato from πολεῖν, and the absurd one from
ἀπολὺς, mentioned by Cicero de Nat. Deor. II. 27. Plutarch, de Ει 9.
p. 228 (because Apollo was τὸ ἓν, De Iside 76. p. 207). cf. Macrob.
Sat. I. 17. and others in the Etymol. M., I may be excused from
examining.

1269 Maittaire, p. 152, 264.