Chapter LXXVI: Section XII: of the first bill, no grant involving increase of (1)

expenditure, and no appointment to office or admission to service, can be made without the concurrence of half the council. This, as far as it goes, is a real power; but its value is much diminished by the consideration that those by whom it is to be exercised are the nominees of the minister, dependent on him for their continuance in office after a few years.

In some other points the provisions of the second bill seem to have the advantage. Its council is more numerous; to which, however, little importance can be attached, if the council has no substantial power. It also recognises that the whole of the council ought not to be nominated by the minister, and that some part of it should be elected by a constituency specially qualified by a knowledge of India. But even in these, the best points of the bill, it is, in the opinion of the Directors, very far from unexceptionable. The nomination of even half the council by the minister, takes away all security for an independent majority. It may, indeed, be doubted whether there is any sufficient reason for the minister’s nominating any portion, except the supposed reluctance of some eligible persons to encounter a canvass. The proportion of one-third, whom the minister now nominates to the Court of Directors, seems the largest which, consistently with full security for independence, can be so appointed.

The provision that each of the members nominated by the Crown shall be selected as the representative of some particular branch of the service in India, is still more objectionable. Not only would it preclude the nomination of the most distinguished man, if the seat in council appropriated to the department in which he had served were not at the time vacant, but it would introduce a principle which cannot be too strongly deprecated—that of class legislation. The council should comprise the greatest attainable variety of knowledge and experience; but its members should not consider themselves as severally the representatives of a certain number of class interests.

The clause which continues to the Proprietors the power of electing some portion of the council is, so far, deserving of support; and the principle of enlarging the constituency by the addition of persons of a certain length of Indian service and residence is, in itself, unexceptionable; but unless guarded by provisions, such as have never yet been introduced into any electoral system, so large and scattered a constituency as that proposed would greatly add to the inconvenience of canvass: especially as it is not certain that the new electoral body would adopt, from the old, the salutary custom of re-electing, as the general practice, whoever has been once chosen, and has not, by misconduct or incapacity, deserved to forfeit their confidence. The duties of a member of council would be entirely incompatible with a continually-recurring canvass of the constituency.

Respecting the proposition for giving the choice of five members of council to the parliamentary constituencies of five great towns, the Court of Directors can only express a feeling of amazement. It is not the mere fact of election by a multitude that constitutes the benefits of the popular element in government. To produce those benefits, the affairs of which the people are enabled to control the management must be their own affairs. Election by multitudinous bodies, the majority of them of a very low average of education, is not an advantage of popular government, but, on the contrary, one of its acknowledged drawbacks. To assign to such a constituency the control, not of their own affairs, but of the affairs of other people on the other side of the globe, is to incur the disadvantages of popular institutions without any of the benefits. The Court of Directors willingly admit the desirableness, if not necessity, of some provision for including an English element in the Council of India; but a more objectionable mode than the one proposed of attaining the object, could scarcely, in their opinion, be devised.

Besides the provisions which relate to the organ of government in England, the bills contain provisions relating to India itself, which are open to the strongest objection.

The appointments to the councils at Calcutta and at the subordinate presidencies, which are now made by the Court of Directors, with the approbation of the Crown, are transferred by both bills to the governor-general, and to the governors of Madras and Bombay. The Court of Directors are convinced that this change would greatly impair the chances of good government in India. One of the causes which has most contributed to the many excellences of Indian administration is, that the governor-general and governors have always been associated with councillors selected by the authorities at home from among the most experienced and able members of the Indian service, and who, not owing their appointments to the head of the government, have generally brought to the consideration of Indian affairs an independent judgment. In consequence of this, the measures of a government, necessarily absolute, have had the advantage, seldom possessed in absolute governments, of being always preceded by a free and conscientious discussion; while, as the head of the government has the power, on recording his reasons, to act contrary to the advice of his council, no public inconvenience can ever arise from any conflict of opinion. These important officers, who, by their participation in the government, form so salutary a restraint on the precipitancy of an inexperienced, or the wilfulness of a despotically tempered, governor-general or governor, are henceforth to be appointed by the great functionary whom they are intended to check. And this restraint is removed, when the necessity for an independent council will be greater than ever; since the power of appointing the governor-general, and of recalling him, is taken away from the Company, and from the body which is to be their substitute. It may be added that the authorities at home have had the opportunity of being acquainted with the conduct and services of candidates for council from the commencement of their career. The governor-general or governor would often have to nominate a councillor soon after their arrival in India, when necessarily ignorant of the character and merits of candidates, and would be entirely dependent on the recommendation of irresponsible advisers.

Another most objectionable provision demands notice, which is to be found only in the second bill. A commission, appointed in England, is to proceed to India, for the purpose of inquiring and reporting on the principles and details of Indian finance, including the whole revenue system, and, what is inseparably involved in it, the proprietary rights and social position of all the great classes of the community. The Court of Directors cannot believe that such a project will be persisted in. It would be a step towards the disorganisation of the fabric of government in India. A commission from England, independent of the local government of the country, deriving its authority directly from the higher power to which the local government is subordinate, and instructed to carry back to the higher power information on Indian affairs which the local government is not deemed sufficiently trustworthy to afford, would give a most serious shock to the influence of the local authorities, and would tend to impress all natives with the belief that the opinions and decisions of the local government are of small moment, and that the thing of real importance is the success with which they can contrive that their claims and objects shall be advocated in England. Up to the present time, it has been the practice of the home government to uphold in every way the authority of the governments on the spot; even when reversing their acts, to do so through the governments themselves, and to employ no agency except in subordination to them.

From this review of the chief provisions of the bills, which embody the attempts of two great divisions of English statesmen to frame an organ of government for India, it will probably appear to the proprietors, that neither of them is grounded on any sufficient consideration of past experience, or of the principles applicable to the subject; that the passing of either would be a calamity to India; and that the attempt to legislate while the minds of leading men are in so unprepared a state, is altogether premature.

The opinion of your Directors is, that by all constitutional means the passing of either bill should be opposed; but that if one or the other should be determined on for the purpose of transferring the administration, in name, from the East India Company to the Crown, every exertion should be used in its passage through committee to divest it of the mischievous features by which both bills are now deformed, and to maintain, as at present, a really independent council, having the initiative of all business, discharging all the duties, and possessing all the essential powers of the Court of Directors. And it is the Court’s conviction, that measures might be so framed as to obviate whatever may be well founded in the complaints made against the present system—retaining the initiative of the council, and that independence of action on their part which should be regarded as paramount and indispensable.

_E. I. Company’s Objections to the Third India Bill: June 1858._ (See p.
570.)

1. Although the bill which has been newly brought in by her Majesty’s ministers ‘for the better government of India,’ has not yet been formally communicated to the Court of Directors, the Court, influenced by the desire which they have already expressed to give all aid in their power towards rendering the scheme of government, which it is the pleasure of parliament to substitute for the East India Company, as efficient for its purposes as possible, have requested us[205] to lay before your lordship,[206] and through you before her Majesty’s government, a few observations on some portions of the bill.

2. Having in documents which have been presented to parliament expressed their sentiments fully on all the general features of the subject, the Court refrain from offering any further arguments on points upon which the government and the House of Commons seem to have pronounced a decided opinion. The joint government of a minister and a council, composed in majority of persons of Indian experience, deriving their appointments only partially from ministerial nomination, and all of them holding office on a tenure independent of the minister, is a combination which fulfils to a considerable extent the conditions of a good organ of government for India. The Court would have much preferred that in the constitution of the council more extensive recourse had been had to the elective principle. But if they cannot hope that this course will be adopted, they see many advantages in the provision by which one-half the number, instead of being named by the government, will be selected by a responsible body, intimately connected with India, to whom the qualification of candidates will in general be accurately known, and who will be under strong inducements to make such a choice as will tend to increase the credit and consideration of the body.

3. With regard to the qualifications prescribed for members of council, the Court desire to offer a suggestion. Her Majesty’s present government have, on many occasions, expressed a desire to secure the Crown appointments against the evils of abuse of patronage. The security against such abuse has hitherto consisted in the strict limitation of the appointments to persons who have served a considerable number of years in India. While the Court fully agree with her Majesty’s government in recognising the desirableness of an English element, it does not seem to them advisable that this element should extend to nearly half the council, only a bare majority being reserved for persons of Indian experience. Knowledge of India is, after all, the most important requisite for a seat in the Indian Council; while it is chiefly in the English nominations that there is any present danger lest appointments should be obtained through political or parliamentary influence—from which influence, unless introduced through that channel, the council, like the Court of Directors, may be expected to be altogether free. The Court, therefore, recommend that the qualification of ten years’ Indian service or residence be made imperative on at least two-thirds instead of a mere majority of the fifteen members of council. They also think it questionable if the interests of India will be promoted by the exclusion of the whole of the members of the council from seats in parliament. These are the only modifications which we are requested to suggest in the provisions respecting the composition of the council.

[The remaining objections made by the Directors were little more than a repetition of those made against the first and second bills (given _in extenso_ in a preceding page); and need not be reproduced here. The Directors expressed a dislike or apprehension of the subordinate position in which the Council would be placed; of the autocratic power to be possessed by the Secretary for India; of the transference of the powers of the Secret Committee wholly and solely to him; of the proposed mode of making appointments and exercising patronage; of any disturbance in the mode of auditing accounts; and of the appointment of any Commission of Inquiry in India which should appear derogatory to the dignity of the local governments. Many of these objections were listened to, and were productive of modifications during the discussion of the bill. The result will be seen in the next article of this Appendix.]

_Abstract of Act for the Better Government of India—21 and 22 Vict. cap.
106.—Received Royal Assent August 2, 1858._ (See p. 573.)

_Transfer of Governing Powers._

I. Governing powers transferred from the East India Company to the Crown.

II. All rights, territories, revenues, and liabilities similarly transferred.

III. A Secretary of State to exercise all the governing powers heretofore exercised by Court of Directors, Court of Proprietors, and Board of Control.

IV. Provision concerning sitting of secretary and under-secretary in House of Commons.

V. Concerning re-election of secretaries to House of Commons.

VI. Secretary of State for India to receive salary equal to those of other secretaries of state.

_Council of India._

VII. A Council of India, of 15 persons, to be formed.

VIII. Court of Directors to elect 7 members of this Council, from among persons possessing certain qualifications; and the Crown to appoint the other 8.

IX. Vacancies among the 8 to be filled up by the Crown; and among the other 7, by election by the Council.

X. Nine members of the Council, at least, must have had not less than ten years’ experience in India.

XI. Members to hold office for life, or during good behaviour.

XII. Members not to sit in parliament.

XIII. Annual salary of £1200 to each member.

XIV. Members may resign; if after ten years’ service, on a pension of £500, subject to certain conditions.

XV. Secretaries and other officers of Company to become officers of Council of India—subject to any changes afterwards made by Privy Council and sanctioned by parliament.

XVI. Secretary in Council to make all subsequent appointments in the home establishment.

XVII. Compensation to such officers of the Company as are not retained permanently by the Council.

XVIII. Any officer of the Company, transferred to the service of the Council, to have a claim to the same pension or superannuation allowance as if the change of government had not taken place.

_Duties and Proceedings of the Council._

XIX. Council to conduct affairs of India in England; but all correspondence to be in the name of the Secretary of State.

XX. Secretary of State may divide the Council into committees.

XXI. Secretary of State to sit and vote as president, and appoint vice-president.

XXII. Five to be a quorum; meetings convened by Secretary of State not fewer than one each week.

XXIII. Secretary of State to decide questions on which members differ. Any dissentient member may require his opinion to be placed upon record.

XXIV. Secretary’s proceedings to be open to all the Council, except in ‘secret service’ dispatches.

XXV. Secretary to give reasons for any exercise of his veto against the decision of the majority.

XXVI. Secretary allowed to overrule the two preceding clauses in urgent cases.

XXVII. Functions of the ‘secret committee’ transferred to Secretary of State.

XXVIII. Dispatches marked ‘secret’ not to be opened by members of Council.

_Appointments and Patronage._

XXIX. Of the high appointments in India, some to be made by the Crown, some by the Council, and some by the Governor-general.

XXX. Inferior appointments to be made as heretofore, except transference of patronage from Court of Directors to Council.

XXXI. Special provision for civil service in India.

XXXII. Secretary in Council to make rules for examination of persons intended for junior situations in civil service of India.

XXXIII. Appointments to naval and military cadetships to vest in the Crown.

XXXIV. Competitive examinations for engineers and artillery of the Indian army.

XXXV. A certain ratio of cadetships to be given to the sons of persons who have served in India.

XXXVI. All the other cadetships to be in the gift of the members of the Council, subject to approval; the Secretary of State to have twice as many nominations as an ordinary member.

XXXVII. In all unchanged rules concerning appointments, power of Court of Directors to be vested in Council.

XXXVIII. The same in reference to any dismissal from service.

_Transfer of Property._

XXXIX. Company’s property, credits, and debits, to revert to the Crown—except the _East India Stock_ and the dividends thereon.

XL. Secretary in Council may buy, sell, or borrow, in the name of the Crown, for the service of India.

_Revenues._

XLI. Expenditure of revenues in India wholly under Secretary in Council.

XLII. Liabilities of Company, and dividends on India stock, to be borne by Secretary in Council out of revenues of India.

XLIII. Secretary in Council to keep a cash account with the Bank of England, and to be responsible for all payments in relation to India revenue.

XLIV. Transfer of cash balance from the Company to the Council.

XLV. A stock account to be opened at Bank of England.

XLVI. Transfer of stock accounts.

XLVII. Mode of managing Council’s finances at the Bank.

XLVIII. Transfer of Exchequer bills, &c., from Company to Council.

XLIX. Power of issuing bonds, debentures, &c.

L. Provisions concerning forgery.

LI. Regulations of audit department.

LII. The Crown to appoint auditor of Indian accounts, to whom all needful papers are to be sent by Secretary in Council.

LIII. Annual accounts to be furnished to parliament of the revenue and expenditure of India; accompanied by reports on the moral and material progress of the several presidencies.

LIV. War in India to be made known to parliament within a specified period.

LV. India revenues not to pay for wars unconnected with India.

_Existing Establishments._

LVI. Company’s army and navy transferred to the Crown, but with all existing contracts and engagements holding good.

LVII. Future powers as to conditions of service.

LVIII. All commissions held under the Company to be valid as under the Crown.

LIX. Regulations of service to be subject to future change, if deemed necessary.

LX. Court of Directors and Court of Proprietors cease to hold power in reference to government of India.

LXI. Board of Control abolished.

LXII. Records and archives of Company to be given up to Council—except stock and dividend books.

LXIII. Powers of Governor-general, on assuming duties of that office.

LXIV. Existing enactments and provisions to remain in force, unless specially repealed.

_Actions and Contracts._

LXV. Secretary in Council may sue and be sued as a body corporate.

LXVI. And may take the place of the Company in any still-pending actions.

LXVII. Treaties and covenants made by the Company to remain binding.

LXVIII. Members not _personally_ liable for such treaties or covenants.

LXIX. A Court of Directors still to exist, but in smaller number than before, and having powers relating only to the management of the Company’s dividend and a few minor subjects.

LXX. Quarterly courts not in future obligatory.

LXXI. Company’s liability ceases, on all matters now taken under the care of the Council.

_Saving of Certain Rights of the Company._

LXXII. Secretary in Council to pay dividends on India stock out of India revenue.

LXXIII. Dividends to constitute a preferential charge.

_Commencement of the Act._

LXXIV. Commences thirty days after day of receiving royal assent.

LXXV. Company’s orders to be obeyed in India until the change of government shall have been proclaimed in the several presidencies.

_The Indian Mutiny Relief Fund._ (See p. 226.)

This noble manifestation of kind feeling towards the sufferers in India, which originated in a public meeting held in London on the 25th of August 1857, assumed munificent proportions during the next following year, when the colonists and Englishmen residing abroad had had time to respond to the appeal made to them. In a report prepared by the Committee, on the 1st of November 1858, it was announced that the sum placed in their charge amounted, up to that time, to £434,729. They had remitted £127,287 to India, there to be distributed by auxiliary local committees; they had assisted sufferers after their return to, or during their residence in, the home country, to the extent of £35,757; and their management expenses had amounted to £6224. There remained, invested at interest, the sum of £265,461, applicable to further cases of need. It is interesting to notice the kind of persons to whom relief was afforded, on account of the varied privations to which the mutiny had subjected them. The sum of £35,757 expended in England, was mostly in donations to the following numbers and classes of persons:

32 Military officers.
86 Widows and children of officers.
25 Wives of officers.
25 Orphans of officers.
51 Other relatives of officers.
13 Disabled soldiers.
298 Widows of soldiers.
423 Children of soldiers.
82 Other relatives of soldiers.
10 Clergymen and missionaries.
6 Widows of Clergymen.
1 Wife of missionary.
23 Widows and orphans of civilians.
75 Planters, railway officials, &c.

_Queen Victoria’s Proclamation to the Princes, Chiefs, and People of
India.—Read in the principal Cities of India, November 1, 1858._ (See p.
612.)

VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Colonies and Dependencies thereof in Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Australasia, Queen, Defender of the Faith.

Whereas, for divers weighty reasons, we have resolved, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament assembled, to take upon ourselves the government of the territories in India, heretofore administered in trust for us by the Honourable East India Company:

Now, therefore, we do by these presents notify and declare that, by the advice and consent aforesaid, we have taken upon ourselves the said government; and we hereby call upon all our subjects within the said territories to be faithful and to bear true allegiance to us, our heirs and successors, and to submit themselves to the authority of those whom we may hereafter from time to time see fit to appoint to administer the government of our said territories, in our name and on our behalf.

And we, reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, ability, and judgment of our right trusty and well-beloved cousin and councillor, Charles John Viscount Canning, do hereby constitute and appoint him, the said Viscount Canning, to be our first Viceroy and Governor-general in and over our said territories, and to administer the government thereof in our name, and generally to act in our name and on our behalf: subject to such orders and regulations as he shall, from time to time, receive from us through one of our principal Secretaries of State.

And we do hereby confirm in their several offices, civil and military, all persons now employed in the service of the Honourable East India Company, subject to our future pleasure, and to such laws and regulations as may hereafter be enacted.

We hereby announce to the native Princes of India that all treaties and engagements made with them by or under the authority of the Honourable East India Company, are by us accepted, and will be scrupulously maintained; and we look for the like observance on their part.

We desire no extension of our present territorial possessions; and while we will permit no aggression upon our dominions or our rights to be attempted with impunity, we shall sanction no encroachment on those of others. We shall respect the rights, dignity, and honour of native princes as our own; and we desire that they, as well as our own subjects, should enjoy that prosperity and that social advancement which can only be secured by internal peace and good government.

We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligations of duty which bind us to all our other subjects; and those obligations, by the blessing of Almighty God, we shall faithfully and conscientiously fulfil.

Firmly relying ourselves on the truth of Christianity, and acknowledging with gratitude the solace of religion, we disclaim alike the right and the desire to impose our convictions on any of our subjects. We declare it to be our Royal will and pleasure that none be in anywise favoured, none molested or disquieted, by reason of their religious faith or observances, but that all shall alike enjoy the equal and impartial protection of the law; and we do strictly charge and enjoin all those who may be in authority under us that they abstain from all interference with the religious belief or worship of any of our subjects, on pain of our highest displeasure.

And it is our further will that, so far as may be, our subjects, of whatever race or creed, be freely and impartially admitted to offices in our service, the duties of which they may be qualified, by their education, ability, and integrity, duly to discharge.

We know and respect the feelings of attachment with which the natives of India regard the lands inherited by them from their ancestors, and we desire to protect them in all rights connected therewith, subject to the equitable demands of the State; and we will that, generally, in framing and administering the law, due regard be paid to the ancient rights, usages, and customs of India.

We deeply lament the evils and misery which have been brought upon India by the acts of ambitious men, who have deceived their countrymen by false reports, and led them into open rebellion. Our power has been shewn by the suppression of that rebellion in the field; we desire to shew our mercy by pardoning the offences of those who have been thus misled, but who desire to return to the path of duty.

Already in one province, with a view to stop the further effusion of blood, and to hasten the pacification of our Indian dominions, our Viceroy and Governor-general has held out the expectation of pardon, on certain terms, to the great majority of those who in the late unhappy disturbances have been guilty of offences against our government; and has declared the punishment which will be inflicted on those whose crimes place them beyond the reach of forgiveness. We approve and confirm the said act of our Viceroy and Governor-general, and do further announce and proclaim as follows:

Our clemency will be extended to all offenders, save and except those who have been or shall be convicted of having directly taken part in the murder of British subjects.

With regard to such, the demands of justice forbid the exercise of mercy.

To those who have willingly given asylum to murderers, knowing them to be such, or who may have acted as leaders or instigators in revolt, their lives alone can be guaranteed; but in appointing the penalty due to such persons, full consideration will be given to the circumstances under which they have been induced to throw off their allegiance; and large indulgence will be shewn to those whose crimes may appear to have originated in a too credulous acceptance of the false reports circulated by designing men.

To all others in arms against the government, we hereby promise unconditional pardon, amnesty, and oblivion of all offences against ourselves, our crown and dignity, on their return to their homes and peaceful pursuits.

It is our Royal pleasure that these terms of grace and amnesty should be extended to all those who comply with their conditions before the first day of January next.

When, by the blessing of Providence, internal tranquillity shall be restored, it is our earnest desire to stimulate the peaceful industry of India, to promote works of public utility and improvement, and to administer its government for the benefit of all our subjects resident therein. In their prosperity will be our strength, in their contentment our security, and in their gratitude our best reward. And may the God of all power grant unto us, and to those in authority under us, strength to carry out these our wishes for the good of our people.

_Viscount Canning’s Proclamation.—Issued at Allahabad, November 1,
1858._ (See p. 612.)

Her Majesty the Queen having declared that it is her gracious pleasure to take upon herself the government of the British territories in India, the Viceroy and Governor-general hereby notifies that from this day all acts of the government of India will be done in the name of the Queen alone.

From this day, all men of every race and class who, under the administration of the Honourable East India Company, have joined to uphold the honour and power of England, will be the servants of the Queen alone.

The Governor-general summons them, one and all, each in his degree, and according to his opportunity, and with his whole heart and strength, to aid in fulfilling the gracious will and pleasure of the Queen, as set forth in her royal proclamation.

From the many millions of her Majesty’s native subjects in India, the Governor-general will now, and at all times, exact a loyal obedience to the call which, in words full of benevolence and mercy, their Sovereign has made upon their allegiance and faithfulness.

-----

Footnote 205:

The chairman and deputy-chairman.

Footnote 206:

Lord Stanley, president of the Board of Control.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

Events in India.

1857.

Jan. 22. Cartridge disturbances began at Dumdum. Feb. 6. Cartridge grievances inquired into at Barrackpore. Feb. 11. General Hearsey warned government of disaffection. Feb. 26. 19th Bengal N. I. riotous at Berhampore. Mar. 26. Cartridge disturbances at Umballa. Mar. 27. Proclamation explaining Cartridge question. Mar. 29. 34th B. N. I. riotous at Barrackpore. Mar. 31. 19th B. N. I. disbanded and dismissed. Apr. 24. Cartridge disturbances at Meerut. May 1. Cartridge disturbances at Lucknow. May 3. 7th Oude Infantry mutinied at Lucknow. May 5. 34th B. N. I. disbanded and dismissed. May 9. 3d B. N. C. punished at Meerut. May 10. COMMENCEMENT OF THE GREAT REVOLT AT MEERUT. May 10. Troops in Company’s pay on this day—38,000 Europeans, 200,000 Natives. May 11. Meerut mutineers (11th and 20th B. N. I., and 3d B. N. C.) marched to Delhi. May 11. 38th, 54th, and 74th B. N. I., mutinied at Delhi. May 13. 16th, 26th, and 49th B. N. I., and 8th B. N. C., disarmed at Meean Meer near Lahore. May 14. General Anson departed from Simla, to head troops. May 16. B. N. Sappers and Miners mutinied at Meerut. May 17. 25th B. N. I. riotous at Calcutta. May 19. Anson’s Proclamation concerning cartridges. May 20. 55th B. N. I. mutinied at Murdan. May 20. 9th B. N. I. mutinied at Allygurh and vicinity, May 21. First siege-column left Umballa for Delhi. May 21. Europeans at Cawnpore began their intrenchment. May 22. 24th, 27th, and 51st B. N. I., with 5th B. N. C., disarmed at Peshawur. May 24. Colvin’s proclamation—disapproved by Viscount Canning. May 24. Portion of Gwalior Horse mutinied at Hattrass. May 24. General Anson left Umballa for Delhi. May 27. General Anson died at Kurnaul May 27. Wilson’s Field-force left Meerut for Delhi. May 28. Reed succeeded Anson provisionally. May 28. 15th and 30th B. N. I. mutinied at Nuseerabad. May 30. Portions of 13th, 48th, and 71st B. N. I., with 7th N. C., mutinied at Lucknow. May 30. Wilson defeated Delhi rebels at Ghazeeoodeen Nuggur. May 31. Wilson defeated Delhi rebels, near the Hindoun. May 31. Barnard left Kurnaul to command army against Delhi. May 31. 28th B. N. I. mutinied at Shahjehanpoor. June 1. 44th and 67th B. N. I. disarmed at Agra. June 3. 17th B. N. I. mutinied at Azimghur. June 3. 41st B. N. I., 9th and 10th Oude Irreg. I., and 2d Oude Mil. Police, mutinied at Seetapoor. June 3. 29th B. N. I. mutinied at Mooradabad. June 3. 72d B. N. I., and a wing of 1st B. N. C., mutinied at Neemuch. June 4. 37th B. N. I., 13th Irreg. C., and Loodianah Sikhs, mutinied at Benares. June 4. 12th B. N. I., and 14th Irreg. C., mutinied at Jhansi. June 5. 1st, 53d, and 56th B. N. I., and 2d B. N. C., mutinied at Cawnpore. June 5. Wing of Loodianah Sikhs mutinied at Jounpoor. June 6. Barnard and Wilson joined forces at Bhagput. June 6. 6th B. N. I. mutinied at Allahabad. June 6. ? Hurrianah Battalion mutinied at Hansi. June 6. ? Bhurtpore Levies mutinied at Bhurtpore. June 7. 36th and 61st B. N. I., and 6th B. C., mutinied at Jullundur. June 8. 22d B. N. I., and 6th Oude I., mutinied at Fyzabad. June 8. ? Massacre of Europeans at Jhansi. June 8. Barnard defeated Delhi rebels at Badulla Serai. June 8. Barnard arrived with siege-army before Delhi. June 9. 15th Irreg. C. mutinied at Sultanpore. June 9. Europeans driven from Futtehpoor by rebels. June 10. 1st Oude Irreg. I. mutinied at Pershadeepore. June 10. Wing of 12th B. N. I., and 14th Irreg. C., mutinied at Nowgong. June 10. ? Europeans driven from Neemuch by rebels. June 11. Neill relieved Allahabad from the rebels. June 11. 60th B. N. I. mutinied at Rohtuk. June 12. First boat-party from Futteghur massacred by Nena Sahib. June 13. Press ‘Gagging’ Act passed at Calcutta. June 13. 45th and 57th B. N. I. mutinied at Ferozpore. June 14. 43d and 70th B. N. I. and 2d N. C. disarmed at Barrackpore. June 14. Gwalior Contingent mutinied at Gwalior. June 15. King of Oude under surveillance at Calcutta. June 18. 10th B. N. I. mutinied at Futteghur. June 19. Defeat of Nuseerabad rebels outside Delhi. June 23. Nagpoor Irreg. C. disarmed at Nagpoor. June 23. Severe Battle outside Delhi. June 26. 33d and 35th B. N. I. disarmed at Phillour. June 27. First news of the Revolt reached England. June 27. Boat-massacre at Cawnpore, by Nena Sahib. June 30. Disastrous Battle of Chinhut, near Lucknow. June 30. 4th Irreg. C. mutinied at Mozuffernugger. June 30. Europeans at Saugor intrench themselves in fort. July 1. Europeans driven out of Indore. July 1. 23d B. N. I. mutinied at Mhow. July 1. Siege of Europeans in Lucknow began. July 2. Severe Battle outside Delhi. July 2. Rohilcund mutineers entered Delhi. July 3. Mussulman Conspiracy discovered at Patna. July 4. Death of Sir H. Lawrence at Lucknow. July 4. Kotah Contingent mutinied at Agra. July 5. Death of Sir H. Barnard outside Delhi. July 5. Reed took command of siege-army. July 5. Disastrous Battle of Shahgunje, near Agra. July 7. 14th B. N. I. mutinied at Jelum. July 7. 58th B. N. I. disarmed at Rawul Pindee. July 7. Havelock’s column left Allahabad for Cawnpore. July 7. 42d B. N. I., and 3d Irreg. C., mutinied at Saugor. July 9. 46th B. N. I., and 9th C., mutinied at Sealkote. July 11. Second boat-party from Futteghur arrived at Bithoor. July 12. Nicholson defeated Sealkote mutineers. July 12. Havelock defeated rebels at Futtehpoor. July 12. Sir Colin Campbell left England for India. July 14. Severe Battle outside Delhi. July 15. Havelock defeated rebels at Aong. July 15. Havelock defeated rebels at Pandoo Nuddee. July 15. Massacre at Cawnpore, by Nena Sahib. July 16. Havelock defeated Nena Sahib at Aherwa. July 17. Havelock entered Cawnpore victoriously. July 17. Havelock defeated Nena Sahib near Bithoor. July 17. Reed resigned command before Delhi—Wilson succeeded. July 20. Fierce Attack by rebels on Lucknow Garrison. July 24. 12th Irreg. C. mutinied at Segowlie. July 25. Havelock crossed Ganges into Oude. July 25. 7th, 8th, and 40th B. N. I. mutinied at Dinapoor. July 26. Nearly 6000 persons sheltered in Agra Fort, of whom 2000 children. July 27. Mr Wake’s defence of Arrah commenced. July 29. 26th B. N. I. mutinied at Lahore. July 29. Havelock defeated rebels at Onao. July 29. Havelock defeated rebels at Busherutgunje. July 30. Captain Dunbar’s disaster at Arrah. July 31. Ramgurh Infantry mutinied at Ramgurh. July 31. Siege-army before Delhi = 6918 effectives, and 1116 sick and wounded. Aug. 1. 63d B. N. I. and 11th Irreg. C. disarmed at Berhampore. Aug. 1. Severe Battle outside Delhi. Aug. 1. 27th Bombay N. I. mutinied at Kolapore. Aug. 2. Vincent Eyre defeated Koer Singh near Arrah. Aug. 8. 59th B. N. I. disarmed at Umritsir. Aug. 8. Nicholson arrived with his Column at Delhi. Aug. 10. Severe Battle outside Delhi. Aug. 12. Havelock’s second victory at Busherutgunje. Aug. 12. Vincent Eyre defeated Koer Singh at Jugdispore. Aug. 13. Havelock retreated across Ganges to Cawnpore. Aug. 14. 5th Irreg. C. mutinied at Berhampore. Aug. 15-18. Hodson defeated rebels outside Delhi. Aug. 16. Havelock defeated Nena Sahib at Bithoor. Aug. 20. Fierce attack by the rebels on Lucknow Residency. Aug. 22. Jhodpore Legion mutinied at Erinpoora. Aug. 24. Montgomery defeated rebels at Allygurh. Aug. 25. Nicholson won Battle of Nujuffghur near Delhi, Aug. 25. Meeting in London at the Mansion-house, to establish Indian Mutiny Relief Fund. Aug. 28. 51st B. N. I. mutinied at Peshawur. Sep. 5. Outram’s Column left Allahabad for Cawnpore. Sep. 5. Fierce attack by rebels on Lucknow Residency. Sep. 7. Indore mutineers captured Dholpore. Sep. 7. Siege-army before Delhi = 13,000 men. Sep. 9. Mr Colvin died at Agra. Sep. 11. Cannonading of Delhi commenced. Sep. 11. Viscount Eyre defeated rebels at Koondun Puttee. Sep. 14. Delhi entered by storm—death of Nicholson. Sep. 15-20. Gradual Conquest of Delhi city and fortifications. Sep. 15-20. Outram joined Havelock and Neill at Cawnpore. Sep. 16. 50th B. N. I. mutinied at Nagode. Sep. 18. 52d B. N. I. mutinied at Jubbulpoor. Sep. 19. Outram and Havelock crossed Ganges into Oude. Sep. 20. Goorkhas defeated rebels at Mundoree. Sep. 21. Hodson captured King and Princes of Delhi. Sep. 23. Outram and Havelock captured the Alum Bagh. Sep. 25. Outram and Havelock entered Lucknow Residency. Sep. 25. Death of Neill at Lucknow. Sep. 27. Outram and Havelock besieged in Residency. Sep. 28. Greathed defeated Delhi rebels at Bolundshuhur. Oct. 3. Peel’s Naval Brigade arrived at Allahabad. Oct. 5. Greathed defeated Delhi rebels at Allygurh. Oct. 9. 32d B. N. I. mutinied at Deoghur. Oct. 10. Greathed defeated Indore rebels near Agra. Oct. 15. Gwalior Contingent took the field, as a rebel army. Oct. 15. Rajah of Kotah’s troops mutinied. Oct. 19. Greathed and Hope Grant retook Minpooree. Oct. 26. Greathed and Hope Grant arrived at Cawnpore. Oct. 28. Sir Colin Campbell started from Calcutta, for scene of hostilities. Nov. 1. Peel’s Naval Brigade defeated rebels at Kudjna. Nov. 9. Mr Cavanagh’s adventure at Lucknow. Nov. 9. Europeans besieged in Fort of Neemuch. Nov. 9. Sir Colin Campbell crossed Ganges into Oude. Nov. 12. Sir Colin Campbell captured Jelalabad Fort. Nov. 14-17. Sir Colin Campbell fought his way into Lucknow. Nov. 18. Wing of 34th B. N. I. mutinied at Chittagong. Nov. 20. ? 73d B. N. I. mutinied at Dacca. Nov. 23. British evacuated Lucknow. Nov. 24. Stuart defeated Bundela rebels near Mundesoor. Nov. 25. Death of Havelock, outside Lucknow. Nov. 27-28. Windham beaten by Gwalior rebels near Cawnpore. Nov. 29. Lucknow Garrison recross Ganges to Cawnpore. Dec. 6. Sir Colin defeated 25,000 rebels at Cawnpore. Dec. 9. Hope Grant defeated rebels at Serai Ghât. Dec. 14-17. Seaton defeated rebels in Minpooree district. Dec. 19. Government announced to East India Company an approaching change in Company’s powers. Dec. 28. Osborne reconquered Myhere from Bundela rebels. Dec. 30. Wood defeated rebels near Sumbhulpore. Dec. 31. East India Company protested against the proposed legislation for India.

1858.

Jan. 1. Bareilly mutineers defeated at Huldwanee. Jan. 3. Sir Colin Campbell arrived at Futteghur. Jan. 6. Jung Bahadoor and his Goorkha army entered Goruckpore. Jan. 6. Raines defeated a body of rebels at Rowah. Jan. 12. Outram defeated 30,000 rebels outside Alum Bagh. Jan. 27. Adrian Hope defeated rebels at Shumshabad. Jan. 27. Trial of the King of Delhi commenced. Jan. 28. East India Company petitioned Parliament against government proceedings. Feb. 3. Rose liberated the Europeans at Saugor. Feb. 4. Sir Colin returned to Cawnpore from Futteghur. Feb. 4. Maxwell repulsed Gwalior rebels at Chowra. Feb. 9. Sir Colin and Canning met at Allahabad. Feb. 9. Delhi and Meerut divisions placed under Punjaub government. Feb. 10. M’Causland repulsed Bareilly rebels at Sunda. Feb. 11. Great convoy of women and children left Agra. Feb. 12. Lord Palmerston brought in India Bill No. 1. Feb. 12-18. Debates thereon—government majority, 318 to 173. Feb. 19. Franks defeated Bunda Hossein at Chundah. Feb. 19. Franks defeated Mahomed Hossein at Humeerpoor. Feb. 20. Palmerston Ministry resigned. Feb. 21. Derby Ministry formed—Lord Ellenborough at the India Board. Feb. 21. Outram repulsed 20,000 rebels at Alum Bagh. Feb. 23. Hope Grant took Meeangunje from Oude rebels. Feb. 26. Goorkhas captured fort of Mobarukhpoor in Oude. Feb. 28. Sir Colin crossed Ganges, to head his army. Mar. 2. Sir Colin advanced to the Alum Bagh. Mar. 2-21. Gradual conquest of Lucknow from rebels. Mar. 3. Viscount Canning’s Proclamation to the Oudians. Mar. 4. Rose defeated Bundelas at Mudenpore Pass. Mar. 5. Rowcroft repulsed 12,000 rebels at Goruckpore. Mar. 5. Goorkhas defeated Oude rebels at Kandoo Nuddee. Mar. 10. Rose defeated rebel Rajah of Shagurh. Mar. 10. Roberts headed the Rajpootana Field-force. Mar. 11. Jung Bahadoor joined Sir Colin outside Lucknow. Mar. 11. Showers defeated a body of rebels at Bah. Mar. 16. Return of the Guide Corps to Peshawur. Mar. 17. Stuart captured Chendaree from rebels. Mar. 21. Rose with Siege-army arrived before Jhansi. Mar. 21. Lucknow finally conquered by British. Mar. 22. Millman repulsed by Azimghur rebels at Atrowlia. Mar. 22. Roberts with Siege-army arrived before Kotah. Mar. 25. Moncrieff routed a body of Coles at Chuckerderpore. Mar. 26. Mr Disraeli brought in India Bill No. 2. Mar. 29. Army of Oude broken up into separate columns. Mar. 30. Roberts captured Kotah. Apr. 1. Rose defeated Tanteea Topee outside Jhansi. Apr. 2. Rose captured Jhansi—Ranee escaped. Apr. 2. Kerr defeated Dinapoor rebels near Azimghur. Apr. 2. Death of Captain Sir William Peel at Cawnpore. Apr. 6. Seaton defeated Minpooree Rajah at Kankur. Apr. 7. East India Company protested against both India Bills. Apr. 12. House of Commons determined to proceed by Resolutions on India Bill. Apr. 14. Disaster at Rhodamow under Walpole. Apr. 14. Death of Adrian Hope at Rhodamow. Apr. 17. Rowcroft defeated rebels at Amorah. Apr. 17. Jones defeated Rohilcund rebels at Nagul. Apr. 18. Sir Colin resumed operations from Cawnpore. Apr. 18. Douglas defeated Koer Singh at Azimutgurh. Apr. 18. Douglas defeated Koer Singh at Muneer Khas. Apr. 19. Ellenborough’s ‘Secret Dispatch’ written. Apr. 19. Whitlock took Banda, and defeated Nawab. Apr. 21. Le Grand’s disaster at Jugdispore. Apr. 21. Jones defeated Rohilcund rebels at Nageena. Apr. 21. Koer Singh eluded Douglas, and crossed Ganges. Apr. 22. Walpole defeated rebels at Sirsa. Apr. 25. Jones recovered Mooradabad from Oude rebels. Apr. 25. Sir Colin reached Futteghur. Apr. 27. Sir Colin entered Rohilcund. Apr. 28. Sir Colin joined Walpole at Ramgunga. Apr. 30. Sir Colin entered Shahjehanpoor. Apr. 30. Penny’s Column won Battle of Kukerowlee. Apr. 30. Death of Penny at Kukerowlee. Apr. 30. Mr Disraeli brought in ‘Resolutions’ in House of Commons. May 3. Lugard crossed Ganges in pursuit of Koer Singh. May 3-11. Hall held fort of Shahjehanpoor against 8000 rebels. May 5. Sir Colin defeated rebels outside Bareilly. May 7. Sir Colin captured Bareilly—rebel leaders escaped. May 7. Corps of Bengal European Cavalry determined on. May 9. Lugard defeated Koer Singh at Jugdispore—Koer Singh killed. May 9. Rose marched in pursuit of Tanteea Topee and the Ranee. May 11. Rose defeated them at Koonch. May 11. Jones relieved Hall at Shahjehanpoor. May 11. Ellenborough resigned—Lord Stanley appointed to Board of Control. May 12. Lugard defeated Ummer Singh near Jugdispore. May 12. Hope Grant defeated 16,000 Oude rebels at Sirsee. May 14-21. Great debates in parliament, on Canning’s Proclamation and Ellenborough’s Dispatch. May 15. Jones attacked in great force at Shahjehanpoor. May 15-23. Rose in fierce conflict with Tanteea Topee in and near Calpee. May 17. Jung Bahadoor returned to Nepaul. May 18. Sir Colin repulsed rebels at Shahjehanpoor. May 21. Light summer clothing ordered for troops. May 22. Coke joined Sir Colin from Pileebheet. May 23. Rose captured Calpee—Tanteea Topee, Ranee of Jhansi, and Nawab of Banda, fled towards Gwalior. May 24. Incendiarism at Allahabad. May 24. Sir Colin captured fort of Mohumdee. May 26. Railway opened from Allahabad to Futtehpoor. May 28. Sir Colin returned to Futteghur from Rohilcund and Oude. May 28. Sir Colin thanked his army for past services. May 30. Rebel leaders from Calpee arrived at Gwalior. June 1. Scindia defeated by Tanteea Topee and Calpee rebels. June 2. Rebels captured Gwalior—Scindia fled to Agra. June 4. Lugard defeated rebels in Jugdispore jungle. June 7. Lord Stanley resumed India debates in House of Commons. June 9. Mahomed Hossein defeated at Amorah. June 9-11. Moncrieff defeated rebels at Chuckerderpore. June 13. Hope Grant defeated 16,000 rebels at Nawabgunge. June 15. The Moulvie killed in action at Powayne. June 16. Rose arrived near Gwalior. June 16-19. Great Battle in and near Gwalior. June 17. Death of the Ranee of Jhansi at Gwalior. June 17. Lord Stanley brought in India Bill No. 3. June 17. Canning’s reply to Ellenborough’s Secret Dispatch. June 18. Mahomed Hossein defeated at Hurreah. June 20. Rose recaptured Gwalior, and reinstated Scindia. June 21. Napier left Gwalior in pursuit of Tanteea Topee. June 23. East India Company’s objections to Bill No. 3. June 24. India Bill read second time in Commons. June 29. Mr Manson murdered by Rajah of Nargoond. End of month. 30th and 31st Bombay N. I. formed, to contain faithful men from mutinous 21st and 27th. End of month. Faithful men of mutinous 3d, 36th, and 61st Bengal N. I., formed into a new regiment in Punjaub. July 2. Roberts with Rajpootana Field-force reach Jeypoor. July 8. India Bill passed the Commons. July 9. India Bill read a first time in Lords. July 9. Tanteea Topee plundered Tonk—soon afterwards driven out by Holmes. July 12. Rajah of Nargoond hanged at Belgaum. July 13. India Bill read second time in the Lords. July 14-20. Berkeley captured several small forts in Oude. July 17. Rattray captured rebel chiefs at Dehree. July 21. Hope Grant set out from Lucknow to confront rebels. July 23. Roberts left Tonk in pursuit of Tanteea Topee. July 28. Hope Grant relieved Maun Singh from siege at Shahgunje. July 29. Hope Grant entered Fyzabad, and drove out rebels. July 30. Cavanagh defeated a body of rebels in Muhiabad. July 31. India Bill passed the Lords. July 31. Outbreak of prisoners at Mymensing. Aug. 1. Bundela rebels seized Jaloun—expelled by Macduff. Aug. 2. India Bill (Act) received royal assent. Aug. 3. Man Singh captured Paoree. Aug. 7. Court of Directors elected seven members for new Council of India. Aug. 8. Roberts defeated Tanteea Topee at Sunganeer. Aug. 11. Parkes headed a column from Neemuch, to check Tanteea Topee. Aug. 12. Tanteea Topee checked at Marwar frontier, by Erinpoora force. Aug. 13. Horsford retook Sultanpore from Oude rebels. Aug. 13. Carpenter defeated rebels near Kirwee. Aug. 14. Roberts defeated Tanteea Topee at Kattara. Aug. 20. Tanteea Topee crossed Chumbul to Julra Patteen. Aug. 23. Napier drove Man Singh out of Paoree. Aug. 25-29. Hope Grant fighting with Oude rebels outside Sultanpoor. Aug. 29. Brahmin plot discovered at Gwalior. Aug. 31. Disarmed 62d and 69th B. N. I. mutinied at Moultan. Aug. 31. Man Singh encamped at Sirsee, north of Goonah. Sep. 1. Ashburner defeated rebels near Mahoni. Sep. 1. Last day of E. I. Company’s governing power. Sep. 2. New Council of India commenced its sittings. Sep. 5. Napier defeated Man Singh at Bujeepore. Sep. 15. Michel defeated Tanteea Topee at Beora. Sep. 16-30. Continuous chase after Tanteea Topee, by various British columns. Oct. 3-8. Dawson besieged by Oude rebels at Sundeela. Oct. 5. Eveleigh defeated rebels at Meeangunje. Oct. 8. Barker and Dawson defeated rebels at Punno. Oct. 19. Tanteea Topee defeated by Michel at Sindwah. Oct. 25. Tanteea Topee defeated at Multhone. Oct. 29. Beni Madhoo defeated at Poorwa. Oct. 30. Mehndee Hossein defeated at Sufdergunje. Oct. 31. Tanteea Topee crossed the Nerbudda. Nov. 1. Queen’s Proclamation issued. Nov. 1. Sir Colin’s final plans laid. November. Gradual defeat and surrender of rebels in Oude and Behar. November. Gradual defeat and surrender of rebels in Central India.

Events in Persia.

1856.

(Summer). Persia sent an army against Herat. Aug. 22. Orders received at Bombay to prepare fleet and army against Persia. Oct. 22. East India Company protested against expense of Persian Expedition. Oct. 22. Orders received at Bombay for force to embark. Oct. 26. Persians captured Herat. Nov. 1. Governor-general declared war against Persia. Nov. 20. Outram departed from England to command Persian Expedition. Nov. 26. Stalker left Bombay for Persian Gulf. Dec. 7. Stalker and 1st Division landed near Bushire. Dec. 10. Stalker and 1st Division captured Bushire.

1857.

Jan. 30. Outram arrived at Bushire, with 2d Column. Feb. 3. Debates in Parliament concerning Persia. Feb. 3. Outram marched from Bushire to Borasjoon. Feb. 9. Night-attack by Persians at Khoosh-aub. Feb. 12. ? Havelock arrived at Bushire. Mar. 4. Treaty of Peace between England and Persis signed at Paris. Mar. 14. Suicide of Stalker at Bushire. Mar. 17. Suicide of Ethersey at Bushire. Mar. 19. Treaty of Peace ratified at London. Mar. 26. Outram defeated Persians at Mohamrah. Apr. 1. Rennie defeated Persians at Ahwaz. Apr. 5. News of the Treaty reached Bushire. Apr. 14. Treaty ratified at Teheran. May 9. Outram’s army in Persia broken up. May 12. ? Outram and Havelock left Persia for India. (Autumn). Evacuation of Herat by the Persians, and consequent evacuation of Persia by the British.

Events in China and Japan.

1856.

Oct. 8. Affair of the Lorcha _Arrow_ near Canton. Oct. 23-25. Seymour captured Forts in Canton river. Oct. 28-29. Partial Bombardment of Canton. Nov. 3. Yeh refused a personal conference. Nov. 6. Naval action with junks in Canton river. Nov. 8. Chinese employed fire-rafts against British ships. Nov. 26. British captured other Forts below Canton. Dec. 10. Bowring’s proceedings approved by home government. Dec. 11. Dispute at Nagasaki with Japanese authorities.

1857.

Jan. 1-4. Attacks and counter-attacks in Canton river. Jan. 10. Bowring’s further proceedings approved. Jan. 26. Japanese edict favourable to English ships. Feb. 3. Debates in parliament on Chinese affairs. Feb. 12. Partial destruction of Canton by the British. Feb. 24. Great debate in House of Lords on China. Mar. 3. House of Commons condemned Chinese War—Ministers therefore dissolved parliament. Apr. 6. War-junks destroyed in Canton river. Apr. 7. ? Ashburnham left England for China. Apr. 21. Elgin left England for China. May 25. Attack on junks in Escape Creek. June 1. Attack on junks in Fatshan Creek. July (early). Elgin arrived at Hong-kong. July (end). Elgin proceeded to confer with Canning at Calcutta. Sep. 9. Elliot made reconnaissance of Chinese junk-fleet. Dec. 12. Elgin sent formal demands on Yeh. Dec. 24. On Yeh’s refusal, Elgin resolved on stern measures. Dec. 28-31. Cannonading and fighting around Canton. Dec. 31. British captured all the defences of Canton.

1858.

Jan. 5. Parkes captured Commissioner Yeh. Jan. 9. Provisional government established at Canton. Feb. 10. Blockade of Canton river ended. Mar. (end). Elgin proceeded to Shang-hae. Apr. 24. Elgin sent his demands to the emperor at Pekin. Apr. 30. Emperor appointed a plenipotentiary. May 20. Negotiations failing, Elgin resumed hostilities. May 20. Forts on the Pei-ho destroyed by English. June 3. Straubenzee encountered Chinese outside Canton. June 26. Elgin signed Treaty with China at Tien-sing. July 6. Elgin returned to Shang-hae. Aug. 3. Elgin went to Nagasaki in Japan. Aug. 11. Namtow punished for breach of flag of truce. Aug. 16. Elgin arrived at Jedo. Aug. 26. Elgin signed Treaty with Japan at Jedo. Sep. & Oct. Gradual settlement of details of Chinese tariff.

INDEX.

Act, abstract of, for changing government of India, 226

Agra, situation and description, 109

——, condition at different dates, 174, 284

——, number of persons in fort, 285

——, mutiny of Kotah Contingent, 283

——, battle near, and partial destruction of city, 283, 284

——, Greathed’s arrival, and victory over rebels, 352

Ahwaz. [Persia.]

AKBAR THE GREAT, 61

ALEXANDER, Mr, Civil Commissioner of Rohilcund, 496

Allahabad, head-quarters of Canning and Sir Colin, 546

——, situation and description, 107, 488

——, mutiny and devastation, 158

Allygurh, position and description, 111

——, mutiny at, 112

Almora, ladies and children at, 286

Alum Bagh, operations at, 262, 334, 363

AMHERST, Earl, power of Mogul lessened by, 67

Amorah, victory over 3000 rebels at, by Rowcroft, 470

ANDREWS, Captain, blown up at Ghazeeoodeen Nuggur, 233

ANGELO, Lieutenant, intrepidity at Mooradabad, 491