Chapter X: Part 10

Wreieres, _n. pl._ S. betrayers, spoilers, 39.

The _wraiers_ that weren in halle,
Schamly were thai schende.

_Sir Tristr._ p. 190.

Wreken, _v._ S. to avenge, revenge, 327, 1901. _Wreke_, _imp._ revenge (thou), 1363. _Wreken_ (_miswritten for_ wreke), _3 p. imp._ 544. _Wreke_, _pr. pl. subj._ 1884. _Wreke_, _Wreken_, _part. pa._ revenged, 2368, 2849, 2992. Sir Tr. p. 190, &c.

Wringen, _v._ S. to wring, 1233.

Writ, _n._ S. writing, 2486. _Writes_, _pl._ writs, letters, 136, 2275. _See_ note to l. 136.

Wrobberes, _n. pl._ S. robbers, 39.

Wros, _n. pl._ corners, 68. So in the _Leg. of S. Margrete_, quoted by Dr Leyden:

Sche sei[gh]e a wel fouler thing
Sitten in a _wro_;

which Jamieson aptly derives from the Su.-G. _wraa_, angulus. Cf. Dan. _vraa_, a nook, corner.

Wroth, _adj._ S. wrath, angry, 1117. _Wroþe_, 2973. _See_ Wrathe.

Wrouht, _pa. t._ S. wrought, 2810. _Wrouth_, 1352. _Wrowht_, 2453.

Wrth. _See_ Worthe.

Wunde, _n._ S. wound, 1980, 2673, &c. _Wounde_, 1978. _Wundes_, _pl._ 1845, 1898, 1986. _Woundes_, 1977, &c.

Wurþe. _See_ Worþe.

Y, _pron._ I. _See_ Ich.

Ya, _adv._ S. yea, yes, 1888, 2009, 2607. _Ye_, 2606. _See_ Rits. note to Yw. and Gaw. l. 43. In l. 2009, we should probably have found _yis_ in a more southern work. See the note to _[gh]is_ in Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_. The distinction between _no_ (l. 1800) and _nay_ (l. 1136) is rightly made.

Yaf. _See_ Yeue.

Yare, _adj._ S. ready, 1391, 2788, 2954. Sir Tr. p. 28; Rits. M. R., Web., Chauc., Gl. Lynds.

Yaren, _v._ S. to make ready, 1350. This word in all the Gloss. has the form of _Yarken_.

Yede, _pa. t._ S. went, 6, 774, 821, &c. _Yeden_, _pa. t. pl._ 889, 952.

Yeft. _See_ Giue.

Yelde, _v._ S. to yield, 2712; _imp. 3 p._ requite, 803. Very common formerly in this sense. _Yeld_, _imp._ yield (thou), 2717.

Yeme, _v._ S. to take charge of, govern, 131, 172, 182, 324, &c. _Yemede_, _pa. t._ governed, 975, 2276. Sir Tr. p. 115, Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., Chauc.

Yen. _See_ Agen.

Yerne, _adv._ S. eagerly, anxiously, 153, 211, 880, 925. Web., Rits. M. R., Chauc.

Yerne, _v._ S. to desire earnestly, 299. La[gh]am. l. 4427. K. Horn, 1419; R. Br., Chauc., Gl. Lynds.

Yete, _adv._ S. yet, 495, 973, 996, 1043.

Yeue, _v._ S. to give, 298, &c. _Yeueth_, _pr. t. 3 p._ giveth, 459. _Yif_, _imp._ give (thou), 674; _3 p._ _yeue_, 22; _pl._ _yeueþ_, 911. _Yaf_, _pa. t._ gave, _or_ gave heed, 315, 419, &c. _Gaf_, 218, 418, 1311, &c. _Gouen_, _pa. t. pl._ 164 (in phr. _gouen hem ille_, gave themselves up to grief); Sir Tr. p. 129. _Giue_, _part. pa._ 2488; _gouen_, 220. _Youenet_ = _Youen it_, given it, 1643. For _yaf_ in l. 1174, see note on the line.

Y-here. _See_ Here, _v._

Yif, _prep._ S. if, 126, 377, 1974, &c. _Yf_, 1189.

Yif. _See_ Yeue.

Y-lere. _See_ Lere.

Ynow. _See_ Inow.

Youenet. _See_ Yeue.

Ys. _See_ note to l. 1174.

Yuel, Yuele. _See_ Iuele.

Yunge, _adj._ S. young, 368, &c.

Yure, _pron._ S. your, 171.

INDEX OF NAMES TO "HAUELOK."

[Transcriber's Note:
The following bracketed paragraph is in the original. This e-text
does not include page numbers, but listed names can easily be found
by a text search. For line references, note that printed line numbers
go by multiples of 4.]

[In this Index, the references under words in large capitals are in general to the _pages_ of the book; otherwise, the references are to the _lines_ of the poem.]

ATHELWOLD (_spelt_ Aþelwald, l. 1077), is king of England, and
governs wisely, pp. 2, 3;
feels he is dying, p. 4;
bequeaths his daughter to the care of Godrich, pp. 6, 7;
dies, p. 8.
(Mentioned again in ll. 2709, 2803.)

Auelok, _another spelling of_ Hauelok, 1395, 1793.

BERNARD BRUN (i.e. Bernard Brown; so called in ll. 1751, 1945),
provides a supper for Havelok, p. 48;
his house attacked by thieves, p. 49;
fights against them, p. 52;
tells Ubbe how well Havelok fought, p. 54.

BERTRAM (_named_ in l. 2898),
is cook to the Earl of Cornwall, and employs Havelok, pp. 27, 28;
is made Earl of Cornwall, and marries Levive, Grim's daughter,
p. 83.

BIRKABEYN (spelt Bircabein, l. 494);
_gen._ Birkabeynes, 2150, 2209, 2296,
is king of Denmark, p. 11;
commends his three children to Godard, p. 12;
dies, p. 13;
his son Havelok's resemblance to him, p. 60.

Cestre (Chester), 2607, 2859, 2896.

Cornwayle (Cornwall), 178, 2908;
Cornwalie, 884.

Crist, 16, &c.;
--krist, 22;
_gen._ kristes, 2797.

Dauy, seint, 2863.

Denemark (Denmark), 340, 381, 386, &c.

Denshe, _sing. adj._ Danish, 1403;
_pl._ 2575, 2693, 2938.
Danshe, 2689.

Douere (Dover), 139, 265.
Doure, 320.

Engelond (England), 59, 202, 250, &c.;
--Engellond, 1093;
--Engelonde, 208;
--Englond, 1270;
--Engeland, 108, 610;
--Hengelond, 999;
_gen._ Engelondes, 63.

Englishe, _pl. adj._ (_followed by_ men), 2766, 2795;
--Englis (_used absolutely_), 254;
--Henglishe, 2945.

Giffin [_Qu._ Griffin] Galle, 2029.

GODARD (_gen._ Godardes, l. 2415),
is made regent of Denmark, pp. 12, 13;
shuts up Birkabeyn's children in a castle, p. 13;
kills Swanborow and Helfled, p. 15;
spares Havelok, p. 16;
but afterwards hires Grim to drown Havelok, p. 17;
is attacked by Havelok, p. 67;
is taken prisoner, p. 68;
condemned, flayed, drawn, and hung, pp. 70, 71.

GODRICH (_spelt_ Godrigh, l. 178),
is Earl of Cornwall, p. 6;
is made regent of England, pp. 7, 8, 9;
shuts Goldborough up in Dover castle, p. 10;
makes Goldborough marry Havelok, p. 33;
raises an army against Havelok, p. 72;
excites his men, p. 73;
marches to Grimsby, p. 74;
fights with Ubbe, p. 75;
fights with Havelok, pp. 77, 78;
is taken prisoner, p. 78;
taken to Lincoln, and burnt alive, pp. 80, 81.

GOLDEBORU (_or_ Goldeborw, l. 2985),
is daughter of King Athelwold, p. 4;
is committed to the care of Godrich, pp. 8, 9;
shut up in Dover castle, p. 11;
is sent for to Lincoln, p. 33;
is married to Havelok, p. 36;
hears an angel's voice, p. 39;
encourages Havelok to go to Denmark, p. 41;
rejoices at Godrich's death, p. 81;
is queen of England, p. 85.
_See_ Havelok.

GRIM, a fisher, is hired by Godard to drown Havelok, p. 17;
discovers Havelok to be the right heir to the crown, p. 19;
takes Havelok over to England, p. 20;
founds Grimsby, p. 23;
sends Havelok to Lincoln, p. 26;
dies, p. 37.
[In l. 2333, there seems to be an allusion to a spectacle, in which
the history of Grim is represented.]

Grimes, _gen. c. of_ Grim, 1343, 1392, 2867.

Grimesbi, 745, 2540, 2579, 2617, 2619;
--Grimesby, 1202.

Gunnild (daughter of Grim, marries Earl Reyner of Chester),
2866, 2896.

Gunter (an English earl), 2606.

HAUELOK, son of king Birkabeyn of Denmark, p. 13;
spared by Godard, p. 16;
but given over by him to Grim to be drowned, p. 17;
spared and fed by Grim, p. 20;
goes to England, p. 22;
sells fish, p. 25;
works as a porter, p. 27;
puts the stone, p. 31;
marries Goldborough, p. 35;
returns to Grimsby, p. 36;
his dream, p. 39;
returns to Denmark, p. 43;
trades there, p. 44;
is noticed by Ubbe, p. 45;
defends Bernard's house against thieves, pp. 48-53;
is known to be heir of Denmark by a miraculous light, p. 60;
is dubbed knight by Ubbe, p. 65;
is king of Denmark, p. 66;
defeats Godard, p. 68;
invades England, p. 72;
defeats Godrich, p. 77;
rewards Bertram and others, p. 82;
lives to be a hundred years old, p. 83;
is crowned king of England at London, p. 84;
is king for sixty years, p. 85.
[The story is called "þe gest of Hauelok and of Goldeborw,"
l. 2985.]

Helfled (Havelok's sister), 411.

Hengelonde (England), 999.

Henglishe (_pl._ English), 2945.

Humber (the river), 733.

Huwe Rauen (one of Grim's sons), 1398, 1868, 2349, 2636, 2677;
_spelt_ Hwe, 1878.

Iohan, seint; the patron saint to whom Havelok commits his Danes,
2957;
bi seint Iohan! 1112, 2563.
_Spelt_ Ion, 177.

Iudas, 319, 425, 1133.

Lazarun (= Lazarum, _acc._ of Lazarus), 331.
Cf. "Lord"--said Guy--"that reared _Lazaroun_," &c.
Guy of Warwick, in Ellis, Met. Rom. (ed. Halliwell), p. 227.

Leue (Grim's wife), 558, 576, 595, 642.

Leuiue (Grim's daughter, married to Bertram), 2914.

Lincolne, 773, 847, 862, 980, 1105, 2558, 2572, 2824.

Lindeseye (N. part of Lincolnshire), 734.

Lundone (London), 2943.

Marz (March), 2559.

Reyner (earl of Chester), 2607.

Roberd þe rede (Grim's eldest son), 1397, 1686, 1888, &c.;
--Robert, 2405, 2411, &c.;
_gen._ Roberdes, 1691.

Rokesborw (explained by Prof. Morley to mean Rokeby, but it is surely
Roxburgh), 265;
--Rokesburw, 139.
Roxburgh is spelt _Rokesburgh_ in Walsingham, ed. Riley, i. 340, &c.

Sathanas (Satan), 1100, 1134, 2512.

Swanborow (Havelok's sister), 411.

UBBE, a great Danish lord, p. 44;
entertains Havelok, p. 45;
takes him to his castle, p. 57;
does homage to Havelok, p. 63;
dubs him knight, p. 65;
his combat with Godrich, p. 75;
is sorely wounded, p. 76.

Willam Wendut (one of Grim's sons), 1690, 1881, 1892, 2348, 2632;
--Wiliam Wenduth, 1398.

Winchestre, 158, 318.

Yerk (York), 1178.

Ynde, India, 1085.

JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.

* * * * *
* * * *

ERRORS AND INCONSISTENCIES:

_Multiple Texts:_

This book exists in at least two forms, distinguished by minor differences in the modern (1868) material. The title page(s), verso and introduction give no hint that there were any changes or additions; references to the "former" and "present" edition are to Madden alone (Roxburghe, 1828) contrasted with Skeat (EETS, 1868). For convenience the two 1868 variants will be called "preliminary" and "final". The 1975 reprint used the "final" version.

Anglo-Saxon diphthongs are written as eá, eó with stress on second vowel. The form "hung" (with the meaning "hanged") is used consistently.

_Preface:_

§ 7:
'Apres ceo vient [_open quote invisible_]
§ 9:
Seuene an tuenti fulle [gh]er.' / MS. Reg. 12. C. xii.
[_close quote printed after MS name_]
§ 13:
(the Latin text, viz. MSS. Harl. 655, Cott. Jul. E. 8, Reg. 13 E. 1)
[_close parenthesis missing_]
§ 18:
In his MSS. collections ["In his...]
he proceeds: / "that Hauelocke did sometymes
[_in the original, the quoted passage begins at mid-paragraph
in smaller type_]
§ 22:
his five children are yet alive [_inconsistent tense in original_]
§ 27:
_Nouns._ ... _bleikè_
[_è conjectural: printed text unclear_]
§ 28:
Here the syllables _-nes and_ in l. 3, _of a_ in l. 4, and _it wile_
in l. 5 [_printed as shown: errors for ll. 2, 3, 4_]
[Footnote 41]
_sawe_, _wowe_; _beþe_, _rede_; _knaue_, _plawe_; _sawe_, _hawe_
[_printed commas changed to semicolons for consistency_]
[Footnote 43]
1083, 1289, 1685, 2431 [_comma after 1289 invisible_]
§ 29
[Section C.1]
... various grammatical inflexions:--
[_paragraph break added by transcriber_]
[Section 3.d]
Observe hated = hated_e_, 40. [_final . missing_]
þinë cherlës, þinë hinë, 620; [_printed . for ;_]
each foot has _two_ or _three_ syllables in it [sylalbles]

_Emendations:_

p. 20, l. 640. For _ney_ ... [_text has 60 for 640_]

p. 24, l. 784. Perhaps we should, however, read _se-weren_, and the
note on the line (p. 93) may be wrong. See _Weren_ in the Glossary.
[_The preliminary version of the Emendations reads:_
... Perhaps there should be no stop in the line, and ...
_There are no differences in the body text or Note._]

Also, _Greting_ is wrongly placed before _Gres_.
[_This and the remainder of the Emendations-- _Hal_, _Shoten_
(_Schoten_), _Teyte_, _Bise_-- are missing from the preliminary
version._]

_HAVELOK:_

[_sidenote line numbers refer to their location in the e-text_]

[307 sidenote]
My son shall have England." [_close quote missing_]
[452 sidenote]
[Fol. 206b, col. 1.] [col 1.]
[1377]
Þat ihc haue ther-offe douthe and kare, [_see Glossary_]
[2897 sidenote]
Havelok remembers Bertram, the earl's cook,
[_comma after "cook" missing_]

_Notes:_

31. ... Pinkerton's Scotish Poems Reprinted [_not an error_]
939. ... "a coarse reedy shrub--like ours perhaps"
[_i.e. the kind we have in Suffolk (quoting Moor)_]
--. Isl. _staer_ [_unchanged: error for "stær"?_]
1838. ... Dogges, that wolden him to-tere.
[_text has superfluous closing bracket at end of line_]
2927. _Hire that was ful swete in bedde._]
[_mismatched closing bracket in original_]

_Glossary:_

[_A number of Glossary entries are missing the part of speech,
usually _n._ They have not been individually noted._]

[Abbreviations]
Su. G. Suio-Gothic.
[_unchanged: Glossary always hyphenates "Su.-G." or "Su.-Goth."_]

Al, _adv._ S. wholly, entirely, 34, 70, 139, 203, &c.
Al, _adj._ S. all, 203, 264, &c.
[_entries unchanged: "al" occurs only once in 203_]
Als, Also, Also
[_unchanged: error for two words "Al so"?_]
And, _conj._ if, 2862. [_"if" italicized_]
Aute, Awcte [_alphabetization may be intentional_]
Bise ... [_line number added from Emendations (final version only)_]
Datheit, _interj._ ... [from the O.F. _hait_, pleasure].
[_In the preliminary version, the bracketed addition reads
"possibly from _haïr_, to hate"._]
Dunten, _pa. t. pl._ S. struck, beat, 2448. [_see Emendations_]
Greting, _n._ S. weeping, 166.
[_see Emendations (final version only)_]
Hal ...
[_bracketed text added from Emendations (final version only)_]
Halue ... _See_ Bi-halue.
[_cross-referenced entry is one word "Bihalue"_]
Hul, _n._ S. hollow, i.e. vale, 2687. [_. after 2687 invisible_]
Hwil-gat ... _Howgates_, Skinner. [_final . missing_]
Keft ... _See_ Sure _and_ Coupe.
[_no Glossary entry for "Sure" or similar_]
Ladde, _n._ S. lad, 1786. [_period after 1786 missing_]
Lene ... _Yw. and Gaw._ 737. [_final . missing_]
Liue ... _See_ On-liue.
[_entry is two words "On liue" under "On"_]
Loken ... [_bracketed text added from Emendations_]
Offrende, Dan. Fr. offering, 1386. [_final . missing_]
Pastees ... Al of _pasteiis_ beth the walles.
[_The preliminary version has the apparent error "_pasteüs_"._]
Pyment, _n._ B.L. [_unchanged: usual form is "B. Lat."_]
Rathe, _v._ S. [_rædan_] to advise [_text has "raedan"_]
Schoten, Shoten ...
[_bracketed text added from Emendations (final version only)_]
Seken ... Sire, we ben knizttes fer i-fare
[_unchanged: z error for [gh]?_]
Shamelike ... Sir Tr. p. 93. [_final . missing_]
Spille ... _Of limes spille_ [_quoted "Of" not italicized_]
Teyte ...
[_second (shorter) bracketed section added from Emendations
(final version only)_]
Umbistode ... _See_ Bistode, Stonden.
[_no Glossary entry for "Bistode" or similar_]
Weren ...
[_The preliminary version is printed without brackets but is
otherwise identical._]
Wrathe ... _See_ Wroth. [_final . missing_]

_Index of Names:_

BIRKABEYN (spelt Bircabein, l. 494);
_gen._ Birkabeynes, 2150, 2209, 2296,
[_closing parenthesis printed after 2296 in second line_]