Chapter IX: Part 9

Pulten, _pa. t. pl._ so reads the MS. l. 1023, instead of _putten_. Both have the same signification. So in the Romance of _Rob. of Cecyle_, Harl. MS. 1701, f. 94, c. 1, _pulte_ occurs for _put_, placed, and _pylt_ in R. C[oe]ur de L. 4085; pelte, Sir Tr. p. 95. In the _imp._ _Pult_ for _put_, _place_, is used in _Hending the Hende_, MS. Digb. 86. In the signification of _drove forward_, which is nearer to the sense we require, we find _pylte_ in K. Horn, 1433, and R. Glouc. Hence the Engl. word _pelt_. _See_ Putten. Cf. _Pult_ in Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_.

Pund, _n. pl._ S. pounds, 1633.

Put, _n._ cast, throw, 1055. _But_, 1040.

Putten, _v._ to cast, throw, propel forward, 1033, 1044. _Puten_, 1051. _Putte_, _pa. t._ cast, 1052. _Putten_, _pa. t. pl._ cast, threw, 1023, 1031, 1844. From the Fr. _bouter_, Teut. _buitten_, or Belg. _botten_, to drive or propel forward, or, as others suggest, from the Br. _pwtiaw_, which has the same meaning, or Isl. _potta_. From the same root are derived both _Put_ and _But_. Thus to _butt_ in Sc. is to drive at a stone in curling, and to _put_ in Yorksh. is to push with the horns. In the passage before us it is applied to a particular game, formerly in great repute. _See_ Note on l. 1022. Cf. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 106. The word is still retained in the North, and Sc. V. Jam. and Brockett. See _But_ and _Pulten_.

Putting, Puttinge, _n._ casting, 1042, 1057, 2324.

Pyment, _n._ B.L. spiced wine, 1728. _See_ Note on l. 1726.

Qual, _n._ S. [_hwæl_] whale or grampus, 753. _See_ Hwel.

Quan, Quanne, _adv._ S. when, 134, 204, 240, &c. _See_ Hwan.

Quath, _pa. t._ S. quoth, 606, 642, &c. _Hwat_, 1650, 1878. _Wat_, 595. _Quod_, 1888. _Quodh_, 1801. _Quot_, 1954, 2808. _Couth_, 2606.

Queme, _adj._ S. agreeable, 130, 393. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., R. Glouc., Gower, Chauc.

Quen, _n._ S. queen, 2760, 2783, &c. _Quenes_, _pl._ 2982.

Qui. _See_ Hwi.

Quic, Quik, _adj._ S. alive, 612, 613, 1405, 2210, 2476, &c., _quik and ded_. This is the usual language of the Inquisitiones post mortem, which commence at the early part of Henry III. reign. For the usage of the term, _see_ Gl. to Sir Tr. p. 98. Yw. and Gaw. 668. Chron. of Engl. 762, &c. The word is preserved in the vulgar version of the Scriptures, and Creed. _Quike_, quick, alert, 1348. _Al quic wede_, 2641. Cf. l. 2387.

Quiste, _n._ S. [_cwide_] bequest, will, 219, 365. _Quede_, K. Alisaund. 8020.

Quod, Quodh, Quot. _See_ Quath.

Radde. _See_ Rede.

Ran. _See_ Renne.

Rang, _adj._ S. [_ranc_] perverse, rebellious, 2561.

Rath, _n._ S. counsel; hence, an adviser, 75. _Dat. c. rathe_, in the phrase _to rathe_, 2542; for the meaning of which, _see_ Red.

Raþe, _adv._ S. speedily, readily, quickly, 358, &c. (In l. 1335, I prefer considering it as a verb.)

Rathe, _v._ S. [_rædan_] to advise, 1335. A provincial pronunciation of _Rede_. In l. 2817, it is still broader, "Yif ye it wilen and ek _rothe_." In the same manner _Rode_ is spelt, and was undoubtedly pronounced _Rothe_, Ly Beaus Desc. 425, and _Abode_ is spelt _Abothe_, ib. 1118. Cf. ll. 693, 1681, 2585, of the present poem, in all which instances the _d_ in _rede_ has the sound of _th_.

Recke, _pr. t. subj._ S. may reck, may care, 2047, 2511. Sir Tr. p. 124, &c.

Red, _n._ S. advice, counsel, 180, 518, 826, 1194, 2871, &c. _To rede_, lit. for a counsel, i.e. advisable, 118, 693; spelt _to rathe_, 2542.

Rede, _v._ S. to direct, advise, 104, 148, 361, 687, &c. _Radde_, _pa. t._ advised, 1353. V. Jam. in v. and Hearne's Gl. to R. Glouc.

Reft, Refte, Reftes. _See_ Reue.

Regne, _pr. t. pl._ Fr. Lat. reign, assume the superiority, 2586. _Reng_, _Ring_, Sc. V. Jam. in v.

Renne, _v._ S. to run, 1161, 1904. _Ran on blode_, _pa. t._ 432. So in Sir Tr. p. 176, _His heued ran on blod_; and in MS. Harl. 2253, f. 128,

Lutel wot hit any mon hou loue hym haueth y-bounden,
That for vs o the rode _ron_, ant bohte vs with is wounde.

Reue, _n._ S. magistrate, 1627. _See_ Greyue.

Reue, Reuen, _v._ S. [_reafian_] to take away, bereave, rob, 480, 2590, 2991. _Refte_, _pa. t._ took away, bereaved, 2223, 2485. _Reftes_, _pa. t. 2 p._ tookest away, 2394. _Reft_, _part. pa._ taken away, bereaved, 1367, 1672, 2483; spoiled, 2004. Still used in the North.

Reures, _n. pl._ S. robbers, bereavers, 2104.

Alle bacbiteres wendet to helle,
Robberes & _reueres_ & the monquelle.

_A lutel sermun_, MS. Cal. A. ix. f. 246, b.

V. Jam. in v. _Reyffar_.

Reunesse, Rewnesse, _n._ S. compassion, 502, 2227.

Rewe, _v._ S. to have pity, to compassionate, 497, 967. _Rewede_, _pa. t._ (_impersonal_) 503.

Richelike, _adv._ S. richly, 421.

Ricth, Ricthe. _See_ Rith, Rithe.

Ricthwise, _adj._ S. [_rihtwis_] righteous, just, 37. Rits., Web. M. R., Rob. Br., Minot, Lynds., R. Hood. [MS. _has_ rirth wise.]

Riden, _v._ S. to ride, 10, &c.

Rig, _n._ S. back, 1775. So in La[gh]am. l. 6718. Burne he warp on _rigge_.

Rike, _n._ S. kingdom, 290. _Heuene riche_, 133, 407. _See_ Cunnriche.

Rim, Rym, _n._ S. Fr. rhyme, poem, 21, 2995, 2998. So Chauc. _Rime of Sire Thopas._ [The modern false spelling _rhyme_ is due to confusion of Eng. _rime_ with the Gk. _rhythm_.]

Ringen, _v._ S. to ring, 242, 1106. _Ringes_, _pr. t. sing._ ring, 390. _Rungen_, _part. pa._ rung, 1132.

Ringes, _n. pl._ S. rings of mail, 2740. _See_ Brini.

Rippe, _n._ fish-basket, 893. Hence a _Rippar_, B. Lat. _riparius_, is a person who brings fish from the coast to sell in the interior. V. Spelm. in v. Nares prefers the etymology of _ripa_, but without reason. _Rip_ is still provincial for an osier basket. _See_ Jam. and Moore. So also in a curious Latin and English Vocabulary, written out by Sire John Mendames, Parson of Bromenstrope [Broomsthorp, Co. Norf.] in the middle of the 15th cent., and now preserved in the valuable MSS. library of T. W. Coke, Esq. _Cophinus_ is explained _A beryng lepe_, or _ryppe_, terms still retained in the county. Jam. gives Icel. _hrip_, a basket.

Rith, Ricth, _n._ S. right, justice, inheritance, 36, 395, 1099, 1383, 2717.

Rith, _adj._ S. right (_dexter_), 604, 1812, 2140, 2545, 2725.

Rithe, Ricthe, _adj._ S. right (_rectus_), 772, 846, 1201, 2235, 2473.

Rith, Rithe, _adv._ S. rightly, 420, 1701, 2611, &c.; exactly, just, 872, 2494, 2506.

Ritte, _v._ to rip, make an incision, 2495.

The breche adoun he threst,
He _ritt_, and gan to right.

_Sir Tristr._ p. 33.

[Cf. Sw. _rista_, Dan. _riste_, to slash, cut; G. _ritzen_. Perhaps connected also with Du. _rijten_, G. _reissen_, to tear.]

Robben, _v._ S. to rob, 1958.

Rode, _n._ S. the rood, cross, 103, 431, 1357, &c. V. Todd's Gl. Illustr. Chauc.

Rof, _n._ S. roof, 2082.

Rome, _v._ S. to roam, travel about, 64.

Rore, _v._ S. to roar, 2496, &c. _Rorede_, _pa. t._ roared, 2438.

Roser, _n._ Fr. rose-bush, 2919. Chauc., Pers. Tale, _De luxuria_.

Rothe. _See_ Rathe.

Rowte, _v._ S. [_hrutan_] to roar, 1911. R. C[oe]ur de L. 4304. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam. in v. Cf. Icel. _hrjota_, Sw. _ryte_. The word is still retained in the provinces. V. Brockett and Wilbr.

Runci, _n._ B. Lat. a horse of burden, 2569. V. Du Cange and Spelm. The word is common both in Fr. and Engl. writers. Cf. Span. _Rozin-ante_.

Rungen. _See_ Ringen.

Rym. _See_ Rim.

Sal _for_ Shall, 628.

Same _for_ Shame, 1941. V. Jam.

Samen, _adv._ S. together, 467, 979, 1717, &c. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br. So also in Sc. V. Jam.

Samened, _part. pa._ S. assembled, united, 2890. Web., R. Br. p. 2.

Sare, _adv._ S. sore, sorrowfully, 401.

Sat, _pa. t._ S. opposed, 2567. _See_ Atsitte. In Sc. is _Sit_, _Sist_, to stop, from Lat. _sistere_. V. Jam.

Sautres, _n. pl._ Fr. Lat. Psalters, Hymns for the Office of the Dead, 244.

Sawe, _written for_ sa we, i.e. say we, 338.

Sawe, Sawen, Say. _See_ Se.

Sayse, _v._ B. Lat. to seise, give seisin or livery of land, 251, 2518. _Seysed_, _pa. t._ seised, 2931, _part. pa._ 2513. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 309.

Scabbed, Skabbed, _adj._ S. Lat. scabby, scurvy, 2449, 2505.

Scaþe, _n._ S. harm, injury, 1352. _Scaþes_, _pl._ 269. R. Br., V. Gl. _Skaith_, Sc. V. Jam.

Sche, Scho, Sho, _pron._ S. she, 112, 126, 649, 1721, &c.

Schifte _for_ Shrift, absolution, 1829.

Schoten, Shoten, _pa. t. pl._ S. shot, cast, 1838, 1864. _Scuten_, 2431. [_Shoten_, in l. 1838, means _rushed_, _darted_, _flew_.]

Schulle, _n._ a plaice, 759. Sw. _skolla_, a plaice. _See_ Coleridge's Glossarial Index.

Se (_the_ S. _art._) the, but perhaps a mistake of the scribe, l. 534, as it is not elsewhere used.

Se, _n._ S. sea, 535, &c.; _gen._ seis, 321.

Se, Sen, _v._ S. to see, 1021, 1273, &c. _Sest_, _pr. t. 2 p._ seest, 534. _Sen_, _pr. t. pl._ see, 168, 1217. _Sawe_, _Sowe_, _pa. t._ saw, 1182, 1323. _Say_, 881. _Sawen_, _Sowen_, _pa. t. pl._ 957, 1055, 2255. _Sene_, _part. pa._ 656.

Seckes, _n. pl._ S. sacks, 2019.

Segges, _n. pl._ Fr. [_seches_] 896. In Cotgr. the _Seche_ is explained the Sound, or Cuttle fish. The _Seches de Coutance_ were held in the highest estimation. V. Le Grand. _See_ also Jam. v. _Sye_.

Sei, _v._ _See_ Seyen.

Seis. _See_ Se.

Seken, _v._ S. to seek, 1629. The reading is confirmed by an old poem in MS. Digb. 86.

Sire, we ben knizttes fer i-fare,
For to _sechen_ wide-ware.

_La vie seint Eustace, qui out noun Placidas._

Selcouth, _n._ S. wonder, strange thing, 124, 1059. _Selcuth_, 2119. It was in all probability originally an _adj._ as _Selkuth_. Strange, wonderful, 1284.

Sele, _n._ S. seal, 755.

Seli, _adj._ S. simple, harmless, 477, 499. R. Gl., Chauc.

Selthe, _n._ S. success, 1338. A.S. _sélð_. [Cf. _selehðe_ in _La[gh]am._ l. 25136, and see _selehðe_ in Stratmann's Dictionary of Old English. The line seems to be a proverb, and the meaning is-- "Rest and success are companions." Goldborough tells him to avoid delay, since rest may accompany success, but cannot precede it.]

Sembling, _n._ Fr. assembling, 1018. It may also be compared with the Su.-G. _samlung_, conventus.

Semes, _pr. t._ in the phrase, _hire semes_ = it beseems her, it becomes her, 2916. _Semede_, _pa. t._ was suitable, was fit, 976. See _Seem_ in Wedgwood.

Sen, Sene. _See_ Se.

Sendes, _pr. t._ sendeth, sends, 2392. _Sende_, _pa. t._ sent, 136, &c.

Serf-borw, _n._ S. surety, pledge, 1667. In MS. Soc. Antiq. No. 60, known by the name of _The Black Book of Peterborough_, is an instrument in which many names both of Saxon and Danish origin appear as the _Borhhanda_, or Sureties, otherwise called _Festermen_. See Jam. and the Glossaries, for further examples.

Serganz, _n. pl._ Fr. attendants, officers, 2088, 2091, 2116. _Sergaunz_, 1929, 2361, 2371. _Seriaunz_, 2066. V. Spelm. in v. _Servientes_, and Hickes, Thes. T. i. p. 148.

Serges. _See_ Cerges.

Serk, _n._ S. shirt, 603. Emare, 501. R. Br.

Seruen, _v._ S. to serve, 1230.

Seruede, _pa. t._ S. deserved, 1914. Web. M. R. So in Sc. V. Jam.

Sest. _See_ Se.

Sette, _v._ S. to set, descend, 2671.

Sette, _pa. t._ S. set, placed, 2405; appointed, 2571. _Setten_, _pa. t. pl._ set, 1211. _Sette_, _part. pa._ set, placed, 2612.

Seyen, _v._ S. to say, 2886. _Seyst_, _pr. t. 2 p._ sayest, 2008. _Seyde_, _pa. t. 3 p._ said, 117, &c. _Seyden_, _pa. t. pl._ said, 376, 1213. _Seyden_, have said, 456. _Sey_, _part. pa._ said, 2993.

Seysed. _See_ Sayse.

Seyst. _See_ Seyen.

Seyt, _pr. t. s._ put for _sey it_, i.e. say it; or else put for _seyth_, i.e. say, 647. So in Sir Tr. p. 117,

For mani men _seyt_ ay whare.

Shaltou, shalt thou, 1800. _Shaltow_, 1322. _Shaltu_, 2180, 2186, 2882, 2901.

Shamelike, _adv._ S. shamefully, disgracefully, 2825. _Schamliche_, Sir Tr. p. 93.

Shankes, _n. pl._ S. legs, 1903. _Sconke_, La[gh]am. l. 15215. _See_ Rits. A. S. p. 16, and Diss. p. xxxi. _Schankis_, Sc. V. Jam.

Shar, _pa. t._ S. share, cut, 1413. So in Am. and Amil. 2298, Her throtes he _schar atvo_.

Shauwe, Shawe, _v._ S. to shew, 2206, 2784. _Sheu_, 1401.

Shel, Sheld, _n._ S. shield, 489, 624, 1653, &c.

Shende, _v._ S. to ruin, destroy, 1422. Bevis of H. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 99. Chauc. _Shent_, _pa. t._ shamed, disgraced, 2749; _part. pa._ shend, 2845. The more common sense of this verb is the latter. V. Jam.

Shere. Clearly miswritten for _she were_, 1250.

Sheu. _See_ Shauwe.

Shides, _n. pl._ S. It here expresses pieces of wood cleft at the end, 917. In Doug. Virg. _Schide_ signifies a billet of wood, 223, 10; or a chip, splinter, 207, 8. So in _Rauf Coilzear_, st. 39, Schaftes of schene wode they scheueride in _schides_. So also in P. Pl. The word is preserved in Lanc. This custom of skinning eels by inserting the head in a cleft stick, is still practised, we are informed, in the fish markets.

Shir, _adj._ S. bright, 588, 916, 1253, &c.

Shireue, _n._ S. sheriff, 2286. _Shireues_, _pl._ 266.

Sho, _pron._ _See_ Sche.

Sho, _v._ S. to shoe, 1138.

Shof, _pa. t._ S. shoved, pushed, 871, 892.

Shol, _1 p. s._ (if I) shall, 1782. _Sal_, I shall, 628. _Shole_, _pl._ shall, 562, 645, 1788. _Shul_, 328. _Sholen_, 621, 1127, 1230, &c. _Shulen_, 731, 747, &c. _Shoren_ (so in MS.), 1640. _Sule_, shall ye, will ye, 2419. _Shude_, I should, 1079. _Sholdest_, shouldst, 2712. _Sholden_, _pl._ 1020, 1195. _Shulden_, 941.

Sholdre, _n._ S. shoulder, 2738. _Shuldre_, 604, 1262. _Shudre-blade_, 2644. _Sholdres_, _pl._ shoulders, 1647, 1818. _Shuldren_, 982.

Shon, _n. pl._ S. shoes, 860, 969.

Shop, _qu._ Shok, shook, struck, destroyed, 1101. But Sewel gives Du. _schoppen_, to strike. Cf. Eng. _chop_.

Shotshipe, n. S. [_scot_, symbolum, _scipe_, societas] An assembly of persons who pay pecuniary contribution or reckoning, 2099.

For al Sikelines quiden
_Sotscipe_ heo heolden,
And swa longe swa beoð æuere,
Ne scal hit stonde næuere.

_La[gh]am._ l. 23177.

Cf. _sotschipes_, _pl._ in Leg. of St. Kath. MS. Cott. Tit. D 18, fol. 144 _b_. _See_ Nares, _v._ _Shot-clog_.

Shrede, _n._ S. a fragment, piece cut off, 99. [As it was given off the "board," to "feed the poor," it must mean a piece of bread or meat. Correct "_shrede_ = clothing" in Coleridge's Glossarial Index.]

Shres, _n._ S. shears, 857.

Shride, _v._ S. to clothe (himself), 963. _Shrid_, _part. pa._ clothed, 978.

Shriue, Shriuen, _v._ S. to confess, make confession, 362, 2598. _Shriue_, _Shriuen_, _part. pa._ 364, 2489.

Shrud, _n._ S. clothing, 303.

Shude, Shul, Shulen. _See_ Shol.

Shuldre, Shuldren. _See_ Sholdre.

Shuldreden, _pa. t. pl._ S. shouldered, 1056.

Sibbe, _adj._ S. related, allied, 2277. Sir Tr. p. 44. _See_ Fremde.

Siden, _n. pl._ S. sides, 371.

Sike, _v._ S. to sigh, 291.

Siking, _n._ S. sighing, 234.

Sikerlike, _adv._ S. surely, 422, 625, 2301, 2707, 2871. _Sikerly_, Sir Tr. p. 35, &c.

Sikernesse, _n._ S. surety, security, 2856. R. Glouc., R. Br., Chauc.

Simenels, _n. pl._ Fr. 779, a finer sort of bread, "q. a _simila_ h. e. puriori farinæ parte." _Spelm._ Assis. pan. 51 Hen. III. _Symnellus_ vero de quadrante ponderabit 2 sol. minus quam Wastellum. It elsewhere appears to be a sort of cake, or cracknel. So in the _Crieries de Paris_, v. 163, Chaudes tartes et _siminiaus_. V. Nares in v.

Sinne, _n._ S. fault, 1976. _Ne for loue ne for sinne_, 2375. _Wolde he nouth for sinne lette_, 2627. Traces of this phrase may be elsewhere found:

Neyther for _love_ nor yet for _awe_
Lyuinge man none than they saw.

_Sir Degore_, c. iv.

Maboun and Lybeauus
Faste togedere hewes,
And stente _for no synne_.

_Ly Beaus Desc._ 1957.

Sire, Syre, _n._ Fr. The term in ll. 310, 1229, is used not only to express respect, but command. A parallel passage is in R. C[oe]ur de L. 2247. It simply means _Sir_, ll. 909, 2009.

Site, _v._ S. to sit, 2809. _Sittes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ sittest, 1316. _Sitten_, _pr. t. pl._ sit, 2098. _Site on knes_, i.e. kneel, 2708.

Siþe, Siþen, _adv._ S. then, afterwards, after, 399, 472, 1414, 1814, 1988, &c.

Siþe, _n._ S. time, 1052. _Siþe_, _Siþes_, _pl._ 213, 778, 1737, 2189. _Syþe_, _Syþes_, 2162, 2843. Sir Tr. p. 55, &c.

Sket, _adv._ quickly, soon, 1926, 1960, 2303, 2493, 2513, 2574, 2736, 2839. Sir Tr. pp. 36, 40, &c.; Ly Beaus Desc. 484; K. Alisaund. 3047; R. C[oe]ur de L. 806; Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. i. p. 228. [Icel. _skjótt_, quickly, from _skjótr_, quick, swift. The adj. is still preserved in the surname Skeat _or_ Skeet.]

Skirming, _n._ Fr. skirmishing, 2323. Web. M. R. _See_ Note on l. 2320.

Slawe, Slawen. _See_ Slo.

Slenge, _v._ S. to sling, cast out, 2435. _Slenget_, _part. pa._ slung, 1923.

Slepes, _pr. t. 2 p._ sleepest, 1283.

Sleie, Sley, _adj._ skilful, expert, 1084, 2116. Sir Tr. pp. 23, 28; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 296; Emare, 67; R. Glouc. p. 350; Barb. xix. 179; Doug. 137, 12. Jamieson derives it from Su.-G. _slug_, Isl. _slægr_. Cf. Sw. _slug_.

Slike, _adv. or perhaps adj._ smoothly, or smooth, 1157. "_Slyke_, or smothe. _Lenis_." Prompt. Parv.

Slo, _n._ S. sloe, berry, 849, 2051.

Slo, _v._ S. to slay, 512, 1364, 1412, &c. _Slou_, 2543. _Slos_, _pr. t. 2 p._ slayest, 2706. _Slos_, _imp. pl._ strike ye, 2596. _Slou_, _Slow_, _pa. t._ slew, 501; struck, 2633. _Slowe_, _Slowen_, _pa. t. pl._ slew, 2414, 2427, 2432; struck, fought, 2683. _Slawe_, _Slawen_, _part. pa._ slain, 1803, 1928, 2000, &c. In l. 2747 (as in 2596, 2633, 2683) it has only the sense of _struck_, wounded, agreeably to the signification of the original word, _sleán_, _sleáhan_, Cædere, ferire.

Smerte, _adj. pl._ S. painful, 2055.

Smerte, _v._ S. to smart, 2647.

Smot, _pa. t._ S. smote, 2654.

So, a large tub, 933. See _So_ in Halliwell. Dan. _saa_, a pail.

So, _conj._ S. as, 279, 349, _et pass._

Softe, _adj._ S. of a mild disposition, 991.

Softe, _adv._ S. gently, 2618.

Somdel, _adj._ S. somewhat, in some measure, 240. _Sumdel_, 450, 497, 1054, 2306, 2950. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.

Sond, _n._ S. sand, 708, 735.

Sone, _n._ S. son, 660, 839. _Sones_, _pl._ 2980.

Sone, _adv._ S. soon, 78, &c.; so soon as, 1354.

Sor, _n._ S. sorrow, 234. _Sorwe_, 1374; pain, sore, 1988.

Sor, _adj._ S. sore, detestable, 2229. [Perhaps it should be _sori_.]

Sorful, _adj._ S. sorrowful, 151, 2541.

Sori, _adj._ S. sorrowful, 151, 477.

Soth, Sothe, _n._ S. truth, 36, 647, 2008, &c.

Soþlike, _adv._ S. truly, 276.

Soupe, _v._ Fr. to sup, 1766.

Southe, _pa. t._ S. sought, 1085.

Sowe, Sowen. _See_ Se.

Sowel, _n._ victuals, 767, 1143, 2905. Properly, anything eaten with bread as a relish. See _Sool_ in Halliwell. Dan. _suul_.

Span-newe, _adj._ quite new, 968. This is the earliest instance on record of the use of this word. For its disputed etymology see Jam., Nares, Todd's Johns., and Thoms. Etymons; but especially Wedgwood's Etym. Dict. _Span_ = chip; _Span-new_, chip-new. A.S. _spón_. It occurs in Chauc. Troil. iii. 1671.

Sparkede, _pa. t._ S. sparkled, 2144.

Spede, _v._ S. to speed, prosper, 1634.

Speke, _n._ S. speech, 946.

Speke, Speken, _v._ S. to speak, 326, 369, 548, 1070, &c. _Spak_, _pa. t._ spoke, 2389, 2968. _Speken_, _part. pa._ spoken, 2369.

Spelle, _n._ S. story, relation, 338. K. Horn, 951.

Spelle, _v._ S. to relate, tell forth, 15, 2530.

Spen _for_ Spent, 1819.

Sperd, Sperde, _part. pa._ S. barred, bolted, 414, 448. Still common in the North. V. Brockett.

Spille, _v._ S. to perish, 2422. _Of limes spille_, 86, suffer the loss of limbs. K. Horn, 202. Web., Chauc.

Spired, _part. pa._ S. speered, inquired, 2620. V. Jam. in v.

Spore, _n._ S. spur, 2569.

Sprauleden, _pa. t. pl._ S. sprawled, 475.

Sprong, _pa. t._ S. sprung, 959. _See_ the Note. _Sprongen_, 869. _Sprungen_, _part. pa._ risen, 1131.

Sprote, _n._ S. sprout, 1142. A.S. _sprote_, a sprig, sprout.

Spuse, Spusen, _v._ S. to espouse, marry, 1123, 1170, 2875. _Spusede_, _pa. t. pl._ espoused, 2887. _Spused_, _part. pa._ 1175, 2928. _Spuset_, 1266.

Spusing, _n._ S. espousals, marriage, 1164, 1177, 2886.

Stac, _n._ S. 814. [This I believe to mean simply a stack, or heap, like the Dan. _stak_, Sw. _stack_. I add Sir F. Madden's note in the edition of 1828.] A stack, or, more properly, _stick_ of fish, a term applied to eels when strung on a row, 'sic dicta, quod trajecta vimine (quod _stic_ dicimus) connectebantur.' _Spelm._ A _stica_ consisted of 25 eels, and 10 _Sticæ_ made a _Binde_. Glanv. lib. 2, c. 9.

Stalworþi, Stalworþe, Stalwrthe, adj. S. strong, valiant, courageous, 24, 904, 1027, &c. _Stalworþeste_, _sup._ 25.

Stan-ded, _adj._ S. dead as a stone, completely dead, 1815. _Stille als a ston_, 928. Cf. K. of Tars, 549; Erle of Tol. 754; Launfal, 357. _See_ Gl. to _Partenay_.

Star, _n._ Icel. a species of sedge, 939. Icel. _stör_; Sw. _starr_; Dan. _stær_. _See_ the Note.

Stareden, _pt. t. pl._ 1037. _Probably miswritten for_ Stradden, contended. Cf. Su.-Goth. and Sw. _strida_, to contend.

Starinde, _part. pr._ staring, 508.

Stark, _adj._ S. stiff, stout, strong, 341, 380, 608, &c. V. Jam. in v.

Stede, _n._ S. steed, horse, 10, &c.

Stede, _n._ S. place, 142, 744. _Stedes_, _pl._ 1846.

Stem, _n._ S. a ray of light, beam, 591. It is equivalent to _Glem_, l. 2122.

Therewith he blinded them so close,
A _stime_ they could not see.

_R. Hood_, i. 112.

Cf. Brockett's Gl. in v. _Stime_.

Sternes, _n. pl._ stars, 1809. _Ageyn þe sternes_ = exposed to the sky, or to the open air.

Stert, _n._ S. leap, 1873. Chaucer has _at a stert_ for immediately, C. T. 1707.

Stert, _n._ S. [_steort_, cauda] tail, 2323. _Start_ is still retained in the North.

Steuene, _n._ S. voice, 1275.

Sti, _n._ S. road, way, 2618. Sir Tr. p. 192; Yw. and Gaw. 599; Emare, 196; Sevyn Sages, 712; R. Br. Chaucer uses _stile_ in the same sense, C. T. 12628, and Minot, p. 5, in both which passages the respective Editors have made the same mistake in explaining it. [Cf. G. _steg_, a pass.]

Stille, _adj._ S. quiet, 955, 2309.

Stille, _adv._ S. in a low voice, secretly, 2997. Sir Tr. p. 55; K. Horn, 315.

Stirt, Stirte, _pa. t._ S. started, leaped, 398, 566, 873, 1049, &c. _Stirte_, _Stirten_, _pa. t. pl._ started, hurried, 599, 1964, 2609. Derived by Skinner from S. _astirian_, movere, by Jam. from Teut. _steerten_, volare. _See_ Astirte. Cf. G. _stürzen_; and see _Start_ in Wedgwood.

Stith, _n._ S. anvil, 1877. Chauc. Still provincial. V. Moore, and Brockett.

Stiward, _n._ S. steward, 666.

Stonden, _n._ S. to stand, 689. _Stondes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ standeth, stands, 2240, 2983. _Stod_, _pa. t._ stood, 591, 679. _Stoden_, _pa. t. pl._ 1037.

Stor, _adj._ S. hardy, stout, 2383. La[gh]am. l. 9126; Yw. and Gaw. 1297; Chron. of Engl. 464; Sq. of Lowe D. 658; Ly Beaus Desc. 1766. _Steir_, _Sture_, Sc. ap. Jam. Cf. Sw. _stor_.

Stra, _n._ S. straw, 315, 466. A.S. _streow_, _streaw_. Cf. Strie.

Strenes, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. begets, 2983. From _streónan_, gignere. Cf. K. Alisaund. 7057.

Strie, _n._ a straw, 998. _See_ Stra.

Strout, _n._ dispute, contention, 1039. Cf. A.S. _strúdan_, and _Strother_ in Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.

Stroute, _v._ S. to make a disturbance, 1779. Bosworth explains A.S. _strúdan_, _strútian_, as having originally the sense to bustle about.

Stunde, _n._ S. short space of time, 2614. V. Gl. to R. Glouc. _See_ Vmbestonde.

Sturgiun, Sturgun, _n._ sturgeon, 753, 1727. Cf. Sw. _stör_, Dan. _stör_.

Suere, Suereth. _See_ Sweren.

Suete, _adj._ S. sweet, 1388. Cf. l. 2927.

Sueyn, Sweyn, _n._ S. swain, villain, 343, 1328, &c. _Sweynes_, _pl._ 371, 2195. It is generally used in opposition to _knight_.

Svich, _adj._ S. such, 60.

Suilk, _adj._ such (things), 644. _See_ Swilk.

Sule. _See_ Shol.

Sumdel. _See_ Somdel.

Sunne-bem, _n._ S. sun-beam, 592, 2123.

Swerd, _n._ S. sword, 1759, &c. _Swerdes_, _pl._ 1769, 2659.

Sweren, _v._ S. to swear, 494. _Suereth_, _pr. t. s._ swear, 647. _Swor_, _pa. t._ swore, 398, 2367. _Suere_, _pr. subj. 2 p. s._ 388.

Swike, _n._ S. deceiver, traitor, 423, 551, 626, 1158, 2401, 2451, &c. _Swikes_, _pl._ 2834, 2990. La[gh]am. l. 12942; R. Gl. p. 105.

Swikel, _adj._ S. deceitful, 1108.

For alle þine witien
Beoð swiðe _swikele_.

_La[gh]am._ l. 15848.

Hoe beth of _swikele_ kunne
Ther mide the witherwinne.

_The sawe of Seint Bede_, MS. Digb. 86.

He was _suikel_, fals, ant fel.

_Chron. of Engl._ 791.

Swilen, _v._ S. [_swilian_, Ps. vi. 6] to wash, 919. It occurs also in Rob. of Brunne's _Handling Sinne_, l. 5828. Still provincial.

Swilk, _adj._ S. such, 1118, 1625, 2123, 2684, 2783. _Suilk_, 644.

Swinge, _v._ S. to beat, chastise (used _passively_), 214. _Swngen_, _part. pa._ beaten, 226. La[gh]am. l. 21070. So in _Syr Bevys_, C. ii. All at ones on him they _swonge_. In the North the verb retains the same meaning; v. Brockett.

Swink, _n._ S. labour, 770, 801, 2456.

Swinken, _v._ S. to labour, 798. _Swank_, _pa. t._ laboured, 788.

Swire, _n._ S. neck, 311. Formerly in universal use, and still preserved in the provinces.

Swiþe, Swyþe, _adv._ S. very, exceedingly, 110, 217, 341. Quickly, 140, 682, 690; _ful swithe_, 2436, appears a pleonasm. _Swithe forth and rathe_, quickly forth, and soon, 2594.

Swot, _n._ S. sweat, perspiration, 2662. The word has the same meaning in Cædmon, f. 24, ed. Thorpe, p. 31, l. 8, which seems to contradict Mr Price's assertion to the contrary, in Warton's Hist. Engl. Poetr. p. lxxi., ed. 1840.

Swngen. _See_ Swinge.

Syre. _See_ Sire.

Syþe, Syþes. _See_ Siþe.

Syþe, _n._ S. scythe, 2553, 2699.

Tabour, _n._ Fr. tabor, 2329.

Tale, _n._ S. number, 2026.

Taleuaces, _n. pl._ Fr. large shields, 2323. _See_ the Note on l. 2320.

Tarst (_so in_ MS.), 2688; almost certainly an error for _faste_, which appears in the next line. Also, the movements of Godard are compared to the course of lightning.

Tauhte, _pt. s._ committed, 2214, probably an error for _bitauhte_. _See_ Bitaken.

Tel, _n._ S. deceit, reproach, 191, 2219. A.S. _tálu_.

Telle, _v._ S. to count, number, 2615. _Told_, _part. pa._ numbered, esteemed, 1036.

Tene, _n._ S. grief, affliction, 729.

Tere, _v._ S. to tar (used passively), 707.

Teth, _n. pl._ S. teeth, 2406.

Teyte, _adj._ S. 1841, 2331. [Explained "lively" by Coleridge, Stratmann, and Morris, as if from Icel. _teitr_, hilaris. This I believe to be completely wrong. The word occurs in Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 871, with reference to _tight_ lasses, and in l. 1841 of Havelok we have a reference to _tight_ lads. In l. 2331 it may also mean _flawless_, staunch. "_Theet_, _adj._ water-tight. O.N. _þiettr_ or _þéttr_, densus, solidus. O.Sw. _thæter_, Sw. Dial, _tjett_ or _tjætt_, Dan. _tætt_, Germ. _dicht_. Ihre gives . . . . _ett tätt fat_, a flawless vessel. '_Thyht_, hool fro brekynge, not brokyn. _Integer_, _solidus_. Prompt. Parv.'" Atkinson's Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.] [_Teyte_ may mean _lively_. My explanation is not generally accepted.]

Þa, _written for_ þat, 175.

Þan, Þanne, _adv._ S. then, 51, 1044, &c.; when, 226, 248, _et sæpius_; than if (_quàm_), 944, 1867.

Þar, _adv._ where (?) 130. _See_ the Note; and cf. _Þer_.

Þare, _adv._ S. there, 2481, 2739. Cf. þer, þore.

Þarne, _v._ to lose, be deprived of, 2492, 2835. _Þarnes_, _pr. t._ wants, is deprived of, 1913. _Þarned the ded_, 1687; [clearly miswritten for _þoled þe ded_, suffered death. The scribe was thinking of _þarned þe lif_; cf. l. 2492.] The verb only exists in the Sax. in the pt. t. _þærnode_, Chron. Sax. p. 222, ed. Gibs., which is derived by Lye from the Cimbr. _At thuerna_, or _thorna_, diminui, privari. V. Hickes Thes. I. p. 152. [I.e. it is from the root of the Sw. _tarfva_, Icel. _thurfa_, Goth. _thaurban_, with the _f_ dropped, and with the addition of the _passive_ or _neuter_ infinitive-ending denoted by _-ne_, like _-na_ in Sw., _-nan_ in M[oe]so-Gothic. See _þarrnenn_ in Gl. to Ormulum.]

Þas, _read_ Was, 1129. [As þ at the beginning of a word is never put for _t_, it is not = Sc. _tas_, takes, as some have suggested.]

Þaue, v. S. [_þafian_] to grant, 296; bear, sustain, 2696. Ormulum, 5457.

Thayn, _n._ S. nobleman, 2184. _Thein_, 2466. _Thaynes_, _pl._ 2260. _Theynes_, 2194. _See_ Kayn.

Þe, _n._ S. thigh, 1950. _Þhe_, 1984. _Þes_, _pl._ 1903. _Þhes_, 2289.

Þe, _adv._ S. (_written for_ þer), there, 142, 476, 863, 933. _Þe with_, therewith, 639. _See_ Þer.

Þe, _conj._ S. though, 1682. _Þei_, 1966. _Þey_, 807, 992, 1165, 2501. _See_ Þou.

Þede, _n._ S. country, dwelling, 105; place, 2890. Web., Le Bone Flor. 246. R. Br. p. 18. V. Jam.

Þef, _n._ S. thief, 2434. _Þeues_, _pl._ 1780.

Þei, _pron._ S. they, 1020, 1195, &c.

Þei, Þey, _conj._ though. _See_ Þe.

Þenke, _pr. subj._ S. think, 2394. _Þenkeste_, _pr. t. 2 p._ thinkest thou, 578.

Þenne, _adv._ S. thence, 1185. [Perhaps in l. 777, we should put the comma after _þenne_; "when he came thence," &c.]

Þer, _adv._ S. where, 318, 448, &c.; there, _passim_; the place whence, 1740. _Þerinne_, therein, 535, &c. _Þerhinne_, 322. _Þerof_, _Þeroffe_, thereof, 372, 466, 1068, &c. _Þerþoru_, by that means, 1098. _Þertil_, _Þerto_, thereto, 396, 1041, 1045. _Þerwit_, _Þerwith_, therewith, 1031, 1046. _See_ Þe, Þore.

Þere, _pron._ S. their, 1350.

Þerl _for_ Þe erl, the earl, 178.

Þertekene, 2878. [Coleridge's Glossarial Index has "Thertekene = mark thereto. A.S. _tácnian_." But this is a very awkward phrase, and I should prefer to suppose _þer-tekene_ = by the token, i.e. in token. _Tekene_ answers to the Sw. _tecken_, a token; and _þer_ is found as a prefix in _P. Plowman_ in the phr. _þer-while_ = _þe while_, i.e. in the time that. The only difficulty is that _þer_ is properly feminine (A.S. _þære_), whilst _tecken_ in Sw. and _tácen_ in A.S. are neuter. _In tokne_ (= in token) occurs in Shoreham's poems, ed. Wright, 131.]

Þet, _conj._ S. that (_quòd_), 330.

Þet, _pron._ S. that, 879.

Þeþe, Þeþen, _adv._ S. thence, 2498, 2629.

Þeu, Þewe, _n._ S. in a servile condition or station, 262, 2205. R. Gl.

Þewes, _n. pl._ S. manners, 282. La[gh]am., Rits. M. R., Web., P. Plowm., Chauc., Gl. Lynds., Percy, A. R.

Þi. _See_ Forþi.

Þi _for_ Þy, thy, 2725.

Þider, _adv._ S. thither, 850, 1012, 1021, &c.

Þigge, v. S. [_þicgan_] to beg, 1373. This word is chiefly preserved in the Sc. writers. Wall. ii. 259; Doug. Virg. 182, 37; Evergreen, ii. 199; Bannatyne Poems, p. 120, V. Jam. in v., who derives it from Su.-G. _tigga_, Alem. _thigen_, petere. [See _tigga_ in Ihre. "Thyggynge or beggynge, _Mendicacio_." Prompt. Parv.]

Þis _for_ þise, these, 1145.

Þisternesse, _n._ S. darkness, 2191.

Dalden from þan fihte
Al bi _þustere_ nihte.

_La[gh]am._ l. 7567; cf. _Gen. and Ex._, 58.

Thit, _pp._ 2990. [The rime shews that the _i_ is long; and, whether the _th_ is sounded like _t_, or (which is more likely) the word should have been written _tiht_ or _tith_, we may be tolerably confident that it is equivalent to the O.E. _tight_ or _ti[gh]t_, a pp. signifying _intended_, _purposed_, _designed_, which is the exact sense here required. Stratmann gives five instances of it, of which one is-- "To brewe the Crystene mennys banys Hy hadden _tyght_;" Octovian, 1476.]

Þo, _pron._ S. those, 1918, 2044.

Þo, _pron._ thou. _See_ Þu.

Þo, _adv._ S. then, 930; when, 1047. _Thow_, 1669.

Þore, _adv._ S. there, 741, 922, 1014, &c. _Þortil_, thereto, 1443. _Þorwit_, therewith, 100. _See_ Þe, Þer.

Þoru, _adv._ S. through, 627, 774, 848, &c. _Þoruth_, 1065, 2786. _Þorw_, 264, 367, 2646. _Þuruth_, 52.

Þoruthlike, _adv._ S. throughly, 680.

Þou, _conj._ S. though, 124, 299, &c. _Þo_, 1020. _See_ Þe.

Þoucte, _pa. t._ S. thought, 504, 507, &c. _Þouthte_, 1073. _Þowthe_, 1869. _Þouthe_, 1166. _Þat god thoucte_, 256, that seemed good. Cf. Sir Tr. pp. 30, 36. And so in MS. Vernon, Bodl.

Riche metes was forth brouht
To all men _that gode thouht_.

_Disp. betw. a Crystene mon and a Jew_, f. 301.

[Or, if we read "þat god _him_ þoucte," this would mean "that seemed good _to him_;" cf. l. 197.]

Þouth, _n._ S. thought, 122, 1190.

Þral, _n._ S. slave, villain, 527, 684, 1097, 1158, 2564, 2589. In an opprobious sense, 1408. Sir Tr. p. 175.

Þrawe, _n._ S. space of time, moment, 276, 1215. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Doug. Virg. _Þrow_, Chauc., Gower, &c.

Þredde, Þridde, _adj._ S. third, 867, 2633.

Þrette, _pa. t._ S. threatened, 1163.

Þrie, 730. [In the former edition it is glossed "trouble, affliction; apparently the same as _Tray_ or _Treye_;" cf. A.S. _tréga_. But this renders the construction difficult, nor is it clear that _treye_ and _þrie_ can be identified. Without doubt, the usual meaning of _þrie_ is _thrice_, which is easily construed, only it remains to be shewn why _thrice_ should be introduced; unless perhaps it signifies _in a threefold degree._]

Þrinne, _num._ S. three, 716, 761, 1977, 2091.

Þrist, Þristen, _v._ S. to thrust, 1152, 2019, 2725. _Þrist_, _part. pa._ thrust, 638.

Þu, _pron._ S. thou, 527, &c. _Þou_, 527, &c. _Þo_, 388. _Þw_ (_read_ þat þw _instead of_ þw that?), 1316. _Tow_, 1322. _Tu_, 2903. It is often joined to the verb which precedes, as _Shaltow_, _Wiltu_, &c. The _gen._ is _þin_, 1128; the _acc._ is _þe_, 529.

Þurte, _pt. t. s._ need, might, 10. [It answers to the A.S. _þurfan_, _pt. t._ _ic þorfte_, Icel. _þurfa_, _pt. t._ _þurfti_, M[oe]so-Goth. _þaurban_, _pt. t._ _þaurfta_. _See_ Ormulum, l. 16164, and Sir F. Madden's note to _þort_ in Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_.]

Þuruth. _See_ Þoru.

Þus _for_ Þis, 785, 2586. (_In comp._ þus-gate.)

Tid, _n._ S. time, hour, 2100.

Til, _prep._ S. to, 141, 762, 864, &c. _See_ Intil, Þertil.

Til, _v._ S. to tell, 1348.

Tilled, _part. pa._ S. obtained, acquired (lit. drawn, taken), 438. V. Gl. R. Br. in v. _tille_, and see quotation under _Goddot_.

Tinte, _pa. t._ S. lost, 2023. Sir Tr. p. 104. V. Jam.

Tirneden, _pa. t. pl._ S. turned, 603.

Tiþandes, _n. pl._ Icel. tidings, 2279.

To-, in composition with verbs, is usually augmentative, or has the force of the Lat. _dis-_. _To-brised_, _part. pa._ very much bruised, 1950. (_See_ Brisen.) _To-cruhsse_, _inf._ crush in pieces, 1992. _To-deyle_, _inf._ divide, 2099. (_See_ Deled.) _To-drawen_, _part. pa._ dragged or pulled to death, 2001. (_See_ Drou.) _To-frusshe_, _inf._ break in pieces, 1993. _To-hewen_, _part. pa._ hewn in pieces, 2001. _To-riuen_, _part. pa._ torn _or_ riven in pieces, 1953. _To-rof_, _pa. t._ burst open, 1792. _To-shiuere_, _inf._ shiver in pieces, 1993. _To-shiuered_, _part. pa._ shivered to pieces, 2667. _To-tere_, _inf._ tear in pieces, 1839. _To-torn_, _part. pa._ torn in pieces, 1948, 2021. _To-tusede_, _part. pa._ entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. In one case only we find it to be merely the prep. _to_ in composition; viz. in _To-yede_, _pa. t._ went to, 765. (_See_ Yede.) [_See_ note on this prefix in Gloss. to _William of Palerne_.]

To, _adv._ S. too, 303, 689, 691, &c.

To, _n._ S. toe, 1743, 1847, &c. _Tos_, _pl._ 898, 2163.

To, _num._ S. two, 2664.

To, _prep._ follows its case in ll. 197, 325, 526.

To-frusshe, _v._ Fr. [_froisser_] to dash or break in pieces, 1993.

The Sarezynes layde on with mace,
And al _to-frussched_ hym in the place.

_R. C[oe]ur de L._ 5032. Cf. 5084.

He suld sone be _to-fruschyt_ all.

_Barb._ x. 597.

So also Doug. Virg. 51, 53. V. Jam. in v. _Frusch_.

Togidere, Togydere, _adv._ S. together, 1128, 1181, 2683, 2891.

Tok, _pa. t._ S. took, 354, 467, 537. _Toke_, _pa. t. 2 p._ 1216. _Token_, _pa. t. pl._ 1194, _Token under fote_, 1199.

Told. _See_ Telle.

Totede, _pa. t._ peeped, looked, 2106. This verb is thrice found in P. Ploughman's Crede, ll. 142, 168, 339. Although it would appear a rare word from its not appearing in Hearne, Ritson, or Weber, yet in later times it, occurs often, and is instanced by Jamieson from Patten's Account of Somerset's Expedicion, p. 53, and by Nares from Hall, Latimer, Spenser, and Fairfax. It also occurs four times in the _Ancren Riwle_, ed. Morton, 1853. In Sc. it is pronounced _Tete_, which is derived by Jam. from the same stock as Su.-G. _titt-a_, explained by Ihre, "Per transennam veluti videre, ut solent curiosi, aut post tegmina latentes." V. the authorities quoted, Todd's Johns. and Wilbr. Gl. [Cf. Sw. _titta_; Dan. _titte_, to peep; Dan. _tittelege_, to play at bopeep.]

To-tusede, _part. pa._ entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. _See_ Nares, in v. _Tose_, and _Tousle_, _Toozle_, in Jam., Brockett, &c. Cf. G. _zausen_.

Toun, _n._ S. town, 1750, &c. _Tun_, 764, 1001, &c. _Tunes_, _pl._ 1444, 2277.

Tour, _n._ Fr. tower, 2073.

Tre, _n._ S. a bar or staff of wood, 1022, 1821, 1843, 1882, &c. _Dore-tre_, 1806, 1968, bar of the door.

Trewe, _adj._ S. true. 1756.

Tristen, _v._ to trust, 253.

Tro. _See_ Trowe.

Trome, _n._ S. [_truma_] a troop, company, 8.

Heo makeden heore sceld-_trome_

_La[gh]am._ l. 9454.

Bisydes stondeth a feondes _trume_,
And waileth hwenne the saules cume.

_Les Unze peyne_, &c. MS. Coll. Jes. 29.

The same mode of expression used above occurs lower down, l. 24, "A stalworþi man in a _flok_," which is also found in La[gh]amon,

Cador ther wes æc,
þe kene wes on _flocke_. --l. 23824.

And in _Sir Guy_, H. iii.

Then came a knight that hight Sadock,
A doughty man in every _flock_.

Trone, _n._ Lat. throne, 1316.

Trowe, _n._ S. to believe, trust, 1656. _Tro_, 2862. _Trowede_, _pa. t._ believed, 382. Sir Tr. p. 41.

Trusse, _v._ Fr. [_trousser_] to pack up, to truss, 2017. R. Gl. Hence to _make ready_, K. Alisaund. 7006. Minot, p. 50, which Ritson was unable to explain.

Tuenti, _num._ S. twenty, 259.

Tumberel, _n._ a porpoise, 757. In Spelm. _Timberellus_ is explained, a small whale, on the authority of Skene, Vocab. Jur. Scot. L. Forest, _Si quis cetum_. In Cotgr. also we find "_Tumbe_, the great Sea-Dragon, or Quadriver; also the Gurnard, called so at Roan." [But the Sw. _tumlare_, a porpoise, _lit._ a tumbler, suggests that the name may be given from its _tumbling_ or _rolling_. The Dan. _tumler_, however, is a dolphin.]

Tun. _See_ Toun.

Turues, _n. pl._ S. turf, peat, 939. Chauc. C. T. 10109. V. Spelm. in v. and Jennings' Somersetsh. Gl.

Twel _for_ Twelve, 2455.

Ueneysun, _n._ Fr. venison, 1726.

Vmbestonde, _adv._ S. for a while, formerly, 2297.

& heo seilede{n} forth,
þæt inne sæ heo comen,
þa _vmbe stunde_
ne sæge heo noht of londe.

_La[gh]am._ l. 11967.

It is equivalent to _umbe-while_ or _vmwhile_, Sc. _umquhile_. _See_ Stunde.

Umbistode, _pa. t._ S. stood around, 1875. _See_ Bistode, Stonden.

Vn-bi-yeden, _pa. t. pl._ S. surrounded, 1842. _See_ Yede.

Vnblithe, _adj._ S. unhappy, 141. Sir Tr. p. 171.

Unbounden, _pa. t. pl._ S. unbound, 601.

Underfong, _pa. t._ S. understood, 115. This sense of the verb is not found elsewhere. It is in the present poem synonymous with _Understod_ (as Lat. _accipere_, _percipere_).

Understonde, _v._ S. to receive, 2814. _Understod_, _pa. t._ received, 1760. _Understonde_, _pr. subj._ receive, 1159. So in K. Horn, 245, ed. Rits.

Horn child thou _vnderstond_,
Tech him of harpe and song.

where the MS. Laud 108 reads _vnderfonge_. See Lumby's ed. l. 239.

Unker, _pron. g. c. dual._ S. of you two, 1882.

Vnkeueleden, _pa. t. pl._ S. ungagged, 601. _See_ Keuel.

Unkyndelike, _adv._ S. unsuitably, 1250.

Vnornelike, _adj._ S. basely, or degradingly, 1941. The only word in the Sax. remaining to which it can be referred, is _unornlic_, tritus, Jos. 9. 5. The following instances also approach the same stock:

Ne speke y nout with Horne,
Nis he nout so _vnorne._

_K. Horn_, 337.

Mi stefne is bold & no[gh]t _vnorne_,
Ho is ilich one grete horne,
& þin is ilich one pipe.

_Hule and Ni[gh]tingale_, l. 317.

[Ihre shews that Icel. and Su.-Goth. _orna_ mean to acquire vital heat, to grow warm. Hence _unorne_ means unfervent, spiritless, feeble, old. Thus, in the _Hule and Ni[gh]tingale_ it means _feeble_, _weak_; in Jos. 9. 5, it is used of _old, worn-out_ shoes. In the Ormulum, _unnorne_ occurs frequently, in the sense of _poor_, _mean_, _feeble_; see ll. 827, 3668; also _unnornelig_, meaning _meanly_, _humbly_, _obscurely_, in ll. 3750, 4858, 7525, 8251.]

Unride, _adj._ S. [_ungereod, ungerydu_] It is here used in various significations, most of which, however, correspond to the senses given by Somner. Large, cumbersome (of a garment), 964; unwieldy (of the bar of a door), 1795; deep, wide (of a wound), 1981, 2673; numerous, extensive (of the nobility), 2947. _Unrideste, sup._ deepest, widest, 1985. In the second sense we find it in Sir Tristr. p. 167,

Dartes wel _unride_
Beliagog set gan.

And in _Guy of Warwick_, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 79.

A targe he had ywrought full well,
Other metal was ther none but steel,
A mickle and _unrede_.

In the fourth sense we have these examples:

Opon Inglond for to were
With stout ost and _unride_.

_Horn Childe_, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 283.

Schir Rannald raugh to the renk ane rout wes _unryde_.

_Sir Gaw. and Gol._ ii. 25.

The soudan gederet an ost _unryde_.

_K. of Tars_, 142.

Cf. also _Sir Guy_, Ee. IV. in Garrick's Collect. 'Ameraunt drue out a swerde _unryde_.' In the sense of huge, or unwieldy, we may also understand it in Sir Tr. p. 148, 164; Guy of Warw. ap. Ell. M. R. V. 2, p. 78; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, p. 295. In R. Brunne, p. 174, it expresses loud, tremendous. Sir W. Scott and Hearne are both at fault in their Glossaries, and even Jamieson has done but little to set them right, beyond giving the true derivation, and then, under the cognate word _Unrude_, Doug. Virg. 167, 35, &c., errs from pure love of theory.

Vnrith, _n._ S. injustice, 1369.

Unwrast, Unwraste, _adj._ S. [_unwræste_] feeble, worthless, 2821; rotten, 547. This word occurs in the Saxon Chron. 168, 4 (ed. Thorpe, p. 321), applied to a rotten ship, and this appears to have been the original meaning. The sense in which it was subsequently used may be learnt by comparing La[gh]am. ll. 13943, 29609; R. Gl. p. 586; Chron. of Engl. 662, 921; Ly Beaus Desc. 2118 (not explained by Rits.); K. Alisaund. 878; R. C[oe]ur de L. 872, and Sevyn Sages, 1917. It is not found in Jam. Cf. A.S. _wræst_, firm.

Uoyz, _n._ Lat. voice, 1264.

Vre, _pron._ S. our, 13, 596, &c.

Vt, _prep._ S. out, 89, 155, &c. _Uth_, 346, 1178.

Ut-bidde. _See_ Bidd.

Ut-drawe, Ut-drawen, Vt-drow, Ut-drowen. _See_ Drou.

Uten, _prep._ S. out, exhausted, 842; without, foreign, as in _Uten-laddes_, 2153, 2580, foreigners.

Ut-lede. _See_ Lede.

Utrage, _n._ S. outrage, 2837.

W. _See_ Hw.

Wa, _n._ S. woe, wail, 465.

Wade, _v._ S. Lat. to pass, go, 2645. _Wede_, 2387, 2641. Vid. Nares.

Wagge, _v._ S. to wield, brandish, 89.

Waiten, Wayte, Wayten, _v._ Fr. to watch, 512, 1754, 2070. Chauc. Cf. O.Fr. _gaiter_.

Waken, _v._ S. to watch, 630. _Waked_, _part. pa._ watched, kept awake, 2999. _See_ R. Br., Sq. of L. D. 852. Chauc.

Wakne, _v._ S. to wake, awaken, 2164.

Wan, _adv._ S. when, 1962.

War, _adj._ S. aware, wary, 788, 2139.

Warie, _v._ S. to curse, 433. _Waried_, _part. pa._ cursed, 434. Emare, 667. _Wery_, Minot, p. 7. _Warrie_, Chauc. _See_ Gl. Lynds.

Warp, _pa. t._ S. threw, cast, 1061.

Al swa feor swa a mon
Mihte _werpe^n_ ænne stan.

_La[gh]am._ l. 17428.

So in Sc. Doug. Virg. 432, and Barb. iii. 642. V. Jam.

Washen, _v._ S. to wash, 1233.

Waste _for_ Was þe, 87.

Wastel, _n._ Fr. cake, or loaf made of finer flour, 878. _Wastels_, _pl._ 779. _See_ Todd's Illustr. of Chauc., who derives the name from _wastell_, the vessel or basket in which the bread was carried. V. Du Cange, Spelm. Jam. In Pegge's Form of Cury, p. 72, 159, we meet with _Wastels yfarced_.

Wat, _pron._ _See_ Hwat.

Wat, _v._ _See_ Quath.

Wat, _pp._ known, 1674. _See_ Wot.

Wawe, _n._ S. wall, 474, 2470. The phrase _bith wawe_, 474, is also found in Rits. A. S. p. 46, which is left unexplained by the Editor, and is badly guessed at by Ellis. By the aid of Moor's Suffolk Gl. we are enabled to ascertain the meaning of an expression which is not yet obsolete. "By the walls." Dead and not buried. "A' lie bi' the walls" --said, I believe, only of a human subject. [This remark only applies to l. 474. In ll. 1963, 2470, the phrase refers to the benches placed round the walls in the great hall, whereon men slept at night, and sat in council by day.] _Wowe_, 1963, 2078. Still so pronounced in Lanc., &c.

Waxen. _See_ Wex.

Wayke, _adj. pl._ S. weak, 1012.

Wayte, Wayten. _See_ Waiten.

We, 115, 287, 392, 772. Apparently an error of the scribe for _wel_, but its frequent repetition may cause it to be doubted, whether the _l_ may not have been purposely dropped.

Wede, _v._ _See_ Wade.

Wede, _n._ S. clothing, garments, 94, 323, 861. In very general use formerly, and still preserved in the phrase, a widow's _weeds_.

Weddeth _for_ Wedded, 1127.

Wei, Weie, _n._ S. way, road, 772, 952.

Weilawa, Weilawei, _interj._ S. woe! alas! 462, 570. _See_ Gl. Sir Tr., Rits. M. R., and Chauc. [A.S. _wá la wá_, woe, lo! woe; now corrupted into _wellaway_.]

Wel, _adv._ S. full, _passim._ _Wel sixti_, 1747; _wel o-bon_. _See_ On. _Wel with me_, 2878. _Wol_, 185.

Wel, _n._ S. weal, wealth, prosperity (_for wel ne for wo_), 2777.

Welde, _v._ S. to wield, govern (a kingdom), 129, 175; (a weapon), 1436; (possessions), 2034. _Weldes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ wieldest, governest, 1359.

Wende, _v._ S. to go, 1346, 1705, 2629. _Wenden_, _pr. t. pl. subj._ 1344. _Wende_, _pr. t. pl. 2 p._ go, 1440. _Wend_, _part. pa._ turned, 2138.

Wene, _v._ S. _pres. sing_, ween, think, 655, 840, 1260, &c. _Wenes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ thinkest, 598. _Wenestu_, 1787, thinkest thou. _Wend_, _Wende_, _pa. t._ thought, 374, 524, 1091, 1803, &c. _Wenden_, _pa. t. pl._ 1197, 2547.

Wepen, _pr. t._ or _pa. t. pl._ S. weep, wept, 401.

Wepne, _n._ S. weapon, 89, 490, 1436, &c.

Wer _for_ Were, 1097.

Werd, _n._ S. world, 1290, 2241, 2335, 2792, 2968. _O worde_, in the world, 1349. Cf. _Ward_ = world, in _Lancelot of the Laik_, and _Gen. and Exod._ ed. Morris, ll. 280, 591.

Were, _v._ S. [_werian_] to defend, 2152, 2298. Sir Tr. p. 156; Yw. and Gaw. 2578; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R., V. 3, p. 289; K. of Tars, 189; Chauc. C. T. 2552, V. Note, p. 182. _Werie_, K. Horn, ed. Lumby, 785, Web., Minot, Gl. Lynds.

Were, should be, 2782. _Weren_, _3 p. pl._ were, 156, &c.

Weren, 784. Sir F. Madden says--Garnett conjectured _weirs_ or dams, from Isl. _ver_. [If _weren_ be really a plural noun, I should prefer to translate it by _pools_; cf. A.S. _wær_, Icel. _ver_, Su.-Go. _wär_. Ihre says-- "_Wär_, locus, ubi congregari amant pisces, ut solent inter brevia et vada. Isl. _ver_, _fiskaver_. A.S. id. unde _ver-hurde_ apud Bens. custos septi piscatorii, Angl. _wier_, _wear_, &c." See _wer_ in Stratmann. In this case the line means-- "in the sea-pools he often set them," and the note on the line (q.v.) is wrong.]

Werewed, _part. pa._ S. worried, killed, 1915. [We should probably insert a mark of interrogation, thus-- "Hwat dide he? þore were{n} he werewed," i.e. "What did they effect? There were they slain." Spelt _wirwed_, 1921. Cf. Du. _worgen_, and see Jam. s.v. _Wery_, and _Worry_ in Atkinson's Gl. of Cleveland dialect.]

Werne, v. S. to refuse, deny, 1345. _Werne_, _pr. t. 3 p. s. subj._ refuses, forbids, 926. Sir Tr. p. 88; K. Horn, 1420, &c.

Wesseyl, _n._ S. wassail, 1246.

Wesseylen, _pr. t. pl._ wassail, 2098. _Wosseyled_, _part. pa._ 1737. _See_ Rits. A. S. Diss. p. xxxiii. n. Hearne's Gl. to R. Glouc. in v. _Queme and Wasseyl_, Selden's Notes on Drayton's Polyolb. p. 150, and Nares.

Wex, _pa. t._ S. waxed, grew, 281. _Waxen_, _part. pa._ grown, 302, 791.

Wicke, Wike, Wikke, _adj._ S. wicked, vile, 66, 319, 425, 665, 688, &c. _Swithe wicke_, 965, very mean. _Swiþe wikke cloþes_, 2458, very mean clothing. _Wicke wede_, 2825, mean clothing.

Wicth, With, _n._ S. [_wiht_] whit, bit, small part, 97, 1763, 2500. La[gh]am. l. 15031; Sevyn Sages, 293. 'The loue of hire ne lesteth no _wyht_ longe,' MS. Harl. 2253, f. 128.

Wicth, With, _adj._ courageous, stout, active, 344, 1008, 1064, 1651, 1692, &c. _Wicteste_, _sup._ 9. An epithet used universally by the ancient poets, and to be found in every Gloss. merely differing in orthography, as spelt _Waite_, _Wate_, _Wight_, _Wich_ &c. [Sir F. Madden suggests a derivation from A.S. _hwæt_ (Icel. _hvátr_), acute, brave. Wedgwood suggests Sw. _vig_, nimble. Cf. Su.-Goth. _wig_, Icel. _vigr_, fit for _war_ (A.S. _wig_).]

Wider, _adv._ S. whither, where, 1139.

Widuen, Wydues, _n. pl._ S. widows, 33, 79.

Wif, _n._ S. wife, 2860; woman, 1713. _Wiues_, _pl._ 2855.

Wike, Wikke. _See_ Wicke.

Wil, _adv._ S. while, 6.

Wil, _adj._ lost in error, uncertain how to proceed, 863; at a loss, without experience, 1042. Wynt. vi. 13, 115. V. Jam. who derives it from Su.-G. _wild_, Isl. _villr_. It is radically the same with _wild_.

Wile, will, 352, 485, &c. _Wilte_, 528, 1135, wilt thou; _Wiltu_, 681, 905. _Wilen_, _pl._ 732, 920, 1345, 2817, &c.

Wille, _n._ S. will, 528.

Wimman, _n._ S. woman, 1139, 1168, &c. _Wman_, 281. _Wymman_, 1156.

Win, _n._ S. wine, 1729. _Wyn_, 2341.

Winan, _v._ S. to get to, arrive at, 174. V. Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_.

Winne, _n._ S. joy, gain, 660, 2965. _Muchere winne_, La[gh]am. l. 10233. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R., V. 3, p. 294.

Wirchen, _v._ S. to work, cause, 510.

Wirwed. _See_ Werewed.

Wis, _adj._ S. wise, prudent, 180, 1421, 1635; skilled, 282.

Wislike, _adv._ S. wisely, 274.

Wisse, _v._ S. to direct, ordain, advice, 104, 361. Sir Tr. p. 29; K. Horn, Chron. of Engl. 499; Chauc., Gl. Lynds.

Wissing, _n._ S. advice, or conduct, 2902.

Wiste, _pa. t._ S. knew, 115, 358, 541, &c. _Wisten_, _pa. t. pl._ 1184, 1187, 1200, &c.

Wit, _prep._ S. with, 52, 505, 701, 905, 1090, 2517, &c.; by, 2489. _Wituten_, 179, 247, 2860, without. _Withuten_, 425, except. _With than_, provided that, 532. _With that_, 1220.

Wite, _v._ S. [_wítan_, decernere] _pres. subj. or imp._ decree, ordain, 19, 1316.

Wite, _v._ S. _pres. subj. or imp._ preserve, guard, defend, 405, 559. R. Gl. p. 98, 102. So in the _Carmen inter Corpus & Animam_, MS. Digb. 86.

The king that al this world shop thoru his holi mi[gh]tte,
He _wite_ houre soule from then heuele wi[gh]tte.

And in the French Romance of Kyng Horn, MS. Harl. 527, f. 72, b. c. 2.

Ben iurez _Wite God_, kant auerez beu tant,
Kant le vin uus eschaufe, si seez si iurant.

Wite, Witen, _v._ S. [_witan_, cognoscere] to know, 367, 625, 2201, 2786; to recollect, 2708. _Wite_, _pr. t. pl. 2 p._ know, 2808; _imp. 3 p. wite_, know, 517. _Wite_, _3 p. s. subj._ (if) he know, 694. _Witen_, _pr. t. pl. 2 p._ know, 2208. _See_ Wot.

With, _conj._ _See_ Wit.

With, _n._ _See_ Wicth.

With, _adj._ _See_ Wicth.

With, _adj._ S. white, 48, 1144.

With-sitten, _v._ S. to oppose, 1683. R. Br., Web.

Wlf, _n._ S. wolf, 573.

Wluine, _n._ S. she-wolf, 573. Dan. _ulfinde_, a she-wolf.

Wman. _See_ Wimman.

Wnden, _part. pa._ S. wound, 546.

Wo, _pron._ S. who, whoso, 76, 79, &c. _See_ Hwo.

Wo, _n._ S. woe, sorrow, 510, &c.

Wod, _adj._ S. mad, 508, 1777, 1848, &c. _Wode_, _pl._ 1896, 2361.

Wok, _pa. t._ S. awoke, 2093.

Wol. _See_ Wel.

Wole, will, 1150. _Wolde_, _would_, 354, 367, &c. _Wode_, 951, 2310. _Wolden_, _pl._ 456, 514, 1057.

Wombes, _n. pl._ S. bellies, 1911.

Wom so, _pron._ S. whomso, 197.

Won, Wone, great number, plenty, in phr. _ful god won_, in great quantity (_in_ 1791 _it seems to mean_ with great force), 1024, 1791, 1837, 1907, 2325, 2617, 2729. R. Gl., Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R., V. 3, p. 308, 314; R. C[oe]ur de L. 3747; K. Alisaund, 1468; K. of Tars, 635; Minot, p. 14; Chauc. _Wane_, Yw. and Gaw. 1429; _Wayn_, Wall. viii. 947. Cf. Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_.

Wone, _n._ S. (probably the same as _ween_, Sir Tr. p. 59, 78), opinion, conjecture, 1711, 1972. Cf. l. 816, and the Glossaries, in v. _Wene_.

Wone, _v._ S. to dwell, 247, 406. _Woneth_, _pr. t. 3 p._ dwelleth, 105.

Wone, _part. pa._ wont, 2151, 2297. K. Horn, 36; R. Gl. Chron. of Engl. 632; Web., Chauc. [A.S. _wune_, a custom.]

Wonges, _n. pl._ S. fields, plains, 397, 1444. Cf. l. 1360. Spelman thinks arable land is meant by the term, rather than pasture.

Wore, _2 and 3 p. s._ were, 504, 684, &c. _Wore_, _Woren_, _pl._ 237, 448, &c. It is not merely a licentious spelling, as conjectured by Sir W. Scott.

Worþe, _v._ S. _imp._ may he be, 1102, 2873. _Wrth_, 434. _Wurþe_, 2221. La[gh]am. l. 28333. Sir Tr. p. 49, and all the Gloss., including Lynds.

Wosseyled. _See_ Wesseylen.

Wot, Woth, _pr. t. 1 p._ S. know, 119, 213, 653, 1345, &c. _Wost_, _pr. t. 2 p._ knowest, 527, 582, 1384, &c. _Woth_, _pr. t. 3 p._ knows, 2527. _Wot_, _pl. 1 p._ know, 2803. _Wat_, _part. pa._ known, 1674.

Wowe. _See_ Wawe.

Wrathe, _n._ S. wrath, anger, 2719, 2977. _See_ Wroth.