Chapter VIII: Part 8

For, _prep._ S. _For to_ is prefixed to the inf. of verbs in the same manner as the Fr. _pour_, or Sp. _por_. It is so used in all the old writers, and in the vulgar translation of the Scriptures, and is still preserved in the North of England. Cf. 17, &c. _For_ = on account of, 1670. Sir Tr. p. 62.

For, Foren. _See_ Faren.

Forbere, _v._ S. spare, abstain from, 352. Chauc. Rom. R. 4751. _Forbar_, _pa. t._ spared, abstained from, 764, 2623.

Forfaren, _v._ S. to perish, 1380. R. Br. _Forfard_ (_p. p._) Ly Beaus Desc. 1484. The inf. is also used in Web., P. Plowm., Chauc. In Sc. _Forfair_. V. Compl. of Scotl. p. 100, and Gl. Lynds.

Forgat, _pa. t._ S. forgot, 2636, &c. _Foryat_, 249.

For-henge, _v._ to kill by hanging, 2724. Cf. Du. _verhangen zich_, to hang one's self.

Forlorn, _part. pa._ S. utterly lost, 770, 1424. _Forloren_, 580. R. Br., Rits. M. R., Chauc. Used actively, Sir Tr. p. 35.

Forþi, _adv._ S. on this account, therefore, because, 1194, 1431, 2043, 2500, 2578. Sir Tr. p. 14, and in all the Gloss.

Forthwar, _adv._ S. forthward; i.e. as we go on, 731.

Forw, _n._ S. furrow, 1094.

Forward, _n._ S. promise, word, covenant, 486. _Forwarde_, 554. La[gh]am. l. 4790. Sir Tr. p. 13. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc.

Fostred, _part. pa._ S. nourished, 1434, 2239.

Fot, _n._ S. _Euerilk fot_, 2432, every foot, or man. _Fet_, _pl._ 616, 1022, 1303, 2479. _Fote_, 1054, 1199.

Fouhten. _See_ Fyht.

Fourtenith, _n._ S. fortnight, 2284.

Fremde, _adj._ (used as a _n._) S. stranger, 2277.

Vor hine willeth sone uorgiete
Tho _fremde_ and tho sibbe.

MS. Digb. 4.

Ther ne myhte libbe
The _fremede_ ne the sibbe.

_K. Horn_, 67.

See also R. Gl. p. 346; Chron. of Eng. 92; P. Plowm., Chau., Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Freme, _v._ S. to perform, 441.

Fri, _adj._ S. free, liberal, 1072. Chauc.

Frie, _v._ to blame, 1998. Icel. _fryja_, to blame. Cf. _freles_, blameless. _Allit. Poems_, ed. Morris, A. 431.

Fro, _prep._ S. from, 265, &c.

Frusshe. _See_ To-frusshe.

Ful, _adv._ S. very, much, completely, 6, 82, &c. _Ful wo_, 2589, much sorrow.

Ful, Fule, _adj._ S. foul, 506, 555, 626, 965, &c. _Foule_, 1158.

Fulike, _adv._ S. foully, shamefully, 2749.

Fulde, _part. pa._ S. filled, complete, 355.

Funde, Funden. _See_ Finde.

Fyht, _v._ S. to fight, 2361. _Fauth_, _pa. t._ fought, 1990. _Fouhten_, _pa. t. pl._ fought, 2661.

Fyn, _n._ Fr. Lat. ending, 22. R. Br., Minot, Chauc., &c.

Ga, _v._ S. to go. _See_ Ouer-ga.

Gad, _n._ S. goad, 279. _Gaddes_, _pl._ 1016. In Gl. Ælfr. among the instruments of husbandry occur _Gad_, stimulus, and _Gadiron_, aculeus. So in _The Fermeror and his Docter_, printed by Laing:

Quhen Symkin standis quhisling with ane quhip and ane _gaid_,
Priking and [gh]arkand ane auld ox hide.

V. Jam. in v. _Gade_, 4. and Nares.

Gadred, _part. pa._ S. gathered, 2577.

Gadeling, _n._ S. an idle vagabond, low man, 1121.

Þa wes æuer alc cheorl
Al swa bald alse an eorl,
& alle þa _gadelinges_
Alse heo weoren sunen kinges.

_La[gh]am._ l. 12333.

Cf. K. Alisaund. 1733, 4063. _Gadlyng_, Rob. of Cicyle, MS. Harl. 1701. R. Gl. p. 277, 310. Chauc. Rom. Rose, 938. The word originally meant _Vir generosus_. _See_ Beowulf, l. 5227.

Gaf. _See_ Yeue.

Galwe-tre, _n._ S. the gallows, 43, 335, 695. Le Bone Fl. 1726. Erle of Tol. 657. _Galues_, _Galwes_, _Galewes_, 687, 1161, 2477, 2508. R. Br., Chauc. Cf. Ihre Gl. Suiog. in v. _galge_, ab Isl. _gayl_, ramus arboris.

Gamen, _n._ S. game, sport, 980, 1716, 2135, 2250, 2577; joy, 2935, 2963. _Gamyn_, Barb. iii. 465. V. Jam.

Gan, _pa. t._ S. began, 2443. V. Jam.

Gangen, _v._ S. to go, walk, 370, 845, &c. _Gange_, 796. _Gongen_, 855. _Gonge_, 1185, 1739, &c. _Gonge_, _pr. t. 2 p._ goest, 690, 843. _Gangande_, _part. pr._ on foot, walking, 2283. Wynt. V. Jam.

Garte, _pa. t._ S. made, 189, 1857, &c. _Gart_, 1001, 1082. _Gert_, Sir Tr. p. 147. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Gat, Gaten. _See_ Geten.

Gate, _n._ S. (1) way, road, 846, 889. Sir Tr. p. 27; (2) manner, fashion (_see_ þus-gate), 783, 2419, 2586.

Genge, _n._ S. family, company, 786, 1735; retinue, 2353, 2362, 2383.

þe king of þan londe
Mid muchelere _genge_.

_La[gh]am._ l. 6156.

Hence _Gang_. V. Todd's Johns.

Gent, _adj._ Fr. neat, pretty, 2139. Sir Tr. p. 87, R. Br., Chauc.

Gere. _See_ Messe-gere.

Gest, _n._ Fr. tale, adventure, 2984. _See_ Note in Warton's Hist. E. P., V. I. p. 69. Ed. 1840.

Gete, _v._ to guard, watch, keep, 2762, 2960. Icel. _gæta_, to guard. Cf. _Ormulum_, 2079. [Suggested by Garnett.]

Geten, _v._ S. to get, take, 792. _Gete_, 1393. _Gat_, _pa. t._ begot, got, 495, 730. _Gaten_, _Geten_, _pa. t. pl._ begot, 2893, 2934, 2978. _Getes_, _f. t. 2 p._ shalt get, 908.

Ghod _for_ Good, 255.

Gisarm, _n._ Fr. a bill, 2553. _See_ Gl. Rits. M. R., Spelm. in v., Jam. Dict., and Merrick's Gl. in v. _Gesa_, _Gesum_. ["Distinguished from other weapons of the axe kind by a spike rising from the back. There were two kinds, viz. the _glaive-gisarme_, with a sabre-blade and spike; and the _bill-gisarme_, in shape of a hedging-bill with a spike." Godwin's Archæol. Handbook, p. 254.]

Giue. _See_ Yeue.

Giue, _n._ S. gift, 2880. _Gyue_, 357. _Yeft_, 2336.

Giueled, piled up, 814. [The O.Fr. _gavelé_ means piled up, heaped together. To _gavel_ corn (_see_ Halliwell) is to put it into heaps, and a _gavel_ is a heap of corn. But this may very well be derived from _gable_, since a heap takes the shape of a peaked end of a house; and the O.Fr. term is probably originally Teutonic, and connected, as _gable_ is, with M[oe]so-Goth. _gibla_, a pinnacle, with which compare German _giebel_, Du. _gevel_, and hence our word would be taken from a verb _givelen_, to pile up. The fish in Havelok's basket would be what the Dutch call _gevelvormig_, or formed like a gable, or like the peaked end of a _stack_ of hay or corn, whence the author's expression--_giueled als a stac_, piled up in the shape of a stack. Other explanations are _flayed_, from Du. _villen_, to flay; or _filed_, ranged in rows upon a stick, where _stick_ is represented by _stac_. But the latter supposition would require the reading _on_ rather than _als_; not to mention the fact that if fish are carried _in a pannier_ they would not resemble fish carried _on a stick_. Nor is it quite satisfactory to say that _giueled_ is put for _gefilled_, filled; for this is not elucidated by the expression _als a stac_, any more than the explanation _flayed_ is. _Gable_ is Icel. _gafl_, Sw. _gafvel_, Dan. _gavl_, Du. _gevel_, Ger. _giebel_, _gipfel_, &c. Its forked shape seems to give rise to Ger. _gabel_, Sw. _gaffel_, a fork; respecting which set of words see _Gaff_ in Wedgwood.]

Gladlike, _adv._ S. gladly, 805, 906, 1760.

Glede, _n._ S. a burning coal, 91, 869. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Chauc. _See_ Note on l. 91.

Gleiue, Gleyue, Fr. a spear, lance, 1770, 1844, 1981. _Gleiues_, _Gleyues_, _pl._ 267, 1748, 1864. Dr Merrick explains it, "A weapon composed of a long cutting blade at the end of a staff." See R. Gl. p. 203; Guy of Warw. R. iii.; Chauc. Court of Love, 544; Percy, A. R.

Glem, _n._ S. gleam, ray, 2122. _See_ Stem.

Gleu, _n._ S. game, skill, 2332. Properly, says Sir W. Scott, the joyous science of the minstrels. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 24, 35, 150.

Gleymen, _n. pl._ S. gleemen, 2329. _Glewemen_, Sir Tr. p. 110.

Whar bin thi _glewmen_ that schuld thi _glewe_,
With harp and fithel, and tabour bete.

_Disp. betw. the bodi & saul_, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.

Glotuns, _n. pl._ Fr. gluttons, wicked men, 2104.

Va, _Glutun_, envers tei nostre lei se defent.

_K. Horn_, 1633, MS. Douce.

Cf. K. Horn, 1124, ap. Rits., Yw. and Gaw. 3247; R. C[oe]ur de L. 5953, and Chauc.

Gnede, _adj._ S. niggardly, frugal, 97. Nearly equivalent to _chinche_, l. 1763. Printed _guede_ in Sir Tr. p. 169. [Cf. _Gnede_ in Halliwell, and A.S. _gneadlícnes_, frugality.]

God, _n._ S. gain, wealth, goods, 797, 2034; _pl._ gode, 1221. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.

God, Gode, _adj._ S. good, excellent, 7, &c.

Goddot, Goddoth, _interj._ god wot! 606, 642, 796, 909, 1656, 2543; cf. 2527. It is formed probably in the same manner as _Goddil_, for God's will, in Yorksh. and Lanc. V. Craven dialect, and View of Lanc. dialect, 1770, 8vo. The word before us appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lancashire, and does not appear in the Glossaries. Other instances are in the _Cursor Mundi_, MS. Cott. Vesp. F. iii. fol. 87_b_, and in MS. Cott. Galba E. ix. fol. 61. It also occurs in a translation of a French Fabliau, written in the reign of Edw. I.

_Goddot!_ so I wille,
And loke that thou hire tille,
And strek out hire thes.

_La fablel & la cointise de dame Siriz_, MS. Digb. 86.

Grundtvig told me (adds Sir F. Madden) that it is "undoubtedly the same interjection spelled _Ioduth_ in the old Danish rime-chronicle."

Gome, _n._ S. man, 7.

Gon, _v._ S. to go, walk, 113, 1045. _Goth_, _imp._ go ye, 1780. _Gon_, _part. pa._ gone, 2692.

Gonge, Gongen. _See_ Gange.

Gore, 2497. _See_ Grim.

Gos, _n._ S. goose, 1240. _Gees_, _pl._ 702.

Gouen. _See_ Yeue.

Goulen, _pr. t. pl. 2 p._ S. howl, cry, 454. _Gouleden_, _pa. t. pl._ howled, cried, 164.

An _yollen_ mote thu so heye,
That ut berste bo thin ey.

_Hule and Nihtingale_, l. 970.

Used also by Wickliffe. In Scotland and the North it is still preserved, but in the South _Yell_ is used as an equivalent. _See_ Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Gram, _n._ S. grief, 2469.

Graten, _v._ S. [_gr[´æ]tan_] to weep, cry, cry out, 329. _Grede_, 96. _Grete_, _pres. pl._ 454, 2703. _Gret_, _pa. t._ cried out, wept, 615, 1129, 2159. _Gredde_, 2417. _Greten_, _pa. t. pl._ wept, 164, 415, 2796. _Grotinde_, _part. pr._ weeping, 1390. _Graten_, _part. pa._ wept, 241. _Igroten_, 285. _See_ Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Graue, _v._ S. to bury, 613. _Grauen_, _part. pa._ buried, 2528. Web., Sir Guy, Ii. iv., Chauc.

Greme, _v._ S. to irritate, grieve, 442. In R. Br. _Gram_ is used as a verb, in the same sense.

Grene, _n._ desire, lust, 996. It is simply the M[oe]so-Goth. _gairuni_, lust; Icel. _girni_, desire. V. Jam. in v. Grene. Halliwell suggests _sport_, _play_, to which it is _opposed_.

Gres, _n._ S. grass, 2698.

Gret, _adj._ S. great, heavy, loud, 807, 1860. _Greth_, 1025; _pl._ grete, 1437, 1862. _Grettere_, _comp._ greater, 1893.

Grete. _See_ Graten.

Greþede, 2003. Explained as _greeted_, _accosted_, by Sir F. Madden; but the use of þ (not th) renders this doubtful. May it not signify _treated_, _handled_ (lit. _arrayed_), from the _vb._ greyþe?

Grethet. _See_ Greyþe.

Greting, _n._ S. weeping, 166.

Grette, _pa. t._ S. accosted, greeted, 452, 1811, 2625. _Gret_, _part. pa._ accosted, greeted, 2290.

Greu, _pa. t._ S. grew, prospered, 2333; _pl._ grewe, 2975.

Greue, _v._ S. to grieve, 2953.

Greyþe, _v._ S. [ger[´æ]dian] to prepare, 1762. _Greyþede_, _pa. t._ prepared, 706. _Greyþed_, _part. pa._ prepared, made ready, 714. _Grethet_, 2615. La[gh]am. l. 4414. Sir Tr. p. 33. Sc. _Graith_. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Greyue, _n._ S. [_geréfa_] greave, magistrate, 1771. _Greyues_, _g. c._ greave's, 1749. _Greyues_, _pl._ 266. V. Spelm. in v. _Grafio_, and Hickes, Diss. Epist. p. 21, n. p. 151.

Grim, _adj._ S. cruel, savage, fierce, 155, 680, 2398, 2655, 2761. R. Br., Rits. M. R. _See_ Beowulf, l. 204.

Grim, _n._ [smut, dirt, 2497. The explanation is that Godard, on being flayed, did not bear his sentence as one of rank and blood would have done, but began to roar out as if he were mere _dirt_ or _mud_, i.e. one of the dregs of the common herd. This curious expression is ascertained to have the meaning here assigned to it by observing (1) that _grim_ and _gore_ must be substantives, and (2) that they must be of like signification; but chiefly by comparing the line with others similar to it. Now the context, in the couplet following, repeats that "men might hear him roar, that _foul vile_ wretch, a mile off;" and in l. 682, Godard calls Grim "_a foul dirt_, a thrall, and a churl." The author clearly uses _dirt_ and _churl_ as synonyms. The word _grim_ is the Danish _grim_, soot, lampblack, smut, dirt, answering to the English _grime_; see _grime_ in Atkinson's Glossary of the Cleveland dialect. _Gore_ is the A.S. _gór_, wet mud, or clotted blood, in the latter of which senses it is still used. See "_Gore. Limus_" in Prompt. Parv., and Way's note.]

Grip, _n._ griffin, 572. Web. _Graip_, Sc., V. Jam. The plural _gripes_ is in La[gh]am. l. 28062, and K. Alisaund. 4880. Swed. _grip_.

Grip, _n._ S. [_græp_] ditch, trench, 2102. _Gripes_, _pl._ 1924. V. Jam. in v. _Grape_; and Skinner, v. _Groop_. Cf. Swed. _grop_.

Gripen, _pr. t. pl._ S. gripe, grasp, 1790. _Gripeth_, _imp._ gripe ye, 1882. _Grop_, _pa. t._ grasped, 1776, 1871, 1890, &c.

Grith, _n._ S. peace, 61, 511. _Grith-sergeans_, 267, legal officers to preserve the peace. These must not be confounded with the _Justitiarii Pacis_ established in the beginning of Edw. III. reign, and called _Gardiani Pacis_. V. Spelm. in v. Cf. Icel. _grið_.

Grom, _n._ male child, youth, 790; young man, 2472. Belgic _grom_ has the same sense of _boy_. Cf. Icel. _gromr_, homuncio. So in _Sir Degore_, A. iv.

He lyft up the shete anone
And loked upon the lytle _grome._

It generally elsewhere signifies _lad_, _page_.

Gronge, _n._ Fr. grange, 764. [Halliwell says that, in _Lincolnshire_, a lone farm-house is still called a _grange_. In old English it is sometimes spelt _graunge_, which comes near the form here used. Cf. Fr. _grange_; Ital. _grangia_ (Florio), a country-farm.]

Grop. _See_ Gripen.

Grotes, _n. pl._ S. [_grót_] small pieces, grit, dust, 472, 1414.

Grotinde. _See_ Graten.

Grund, _adj. used as adv._ 1027. _See_ Grundlike.

Grunde, _n._ S. _dat. c._ ground, 1979, 2675.

Grunden, _part. pa._ S. ground, 2503. Yw. and Gaw. 676. _Grounden_, Chauc.

Grundlike, _adv._ heartily, 651, 2659; deeply, 2013, 2268, 2307, where it is equivalent to _Deplike_, q.v. The word is undoubtedly Saxon, but in the Lexicons we only find _Grundlinga_, funditus, from Ælf. Gl. It is used by La[gh]amon, l. 9783.

Cnihtes heom gereden
_Grundliche_ feire.

Gyue. _See_ Giue.

Hal, all, 2370. [_Hal_, more probably, is shortened from _half_, like _twel_ from _twelue_.]

Halde, _v._ S. to hold, take part, 2308. _Holden_, to keep or observe, 29, 1171. _Haldes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ holds, 1382. _Hel_, _pa. t._ held, 109. _Helden_, _pa. t. pl._ held, 1201. _Halden_, _part. pa._ held, holden, 2806.

Hals, _n._ S. neck, 521, 670, 2510. Sir Tr. p. 109.

Halue, _n._ S. side, part; _bi bothe halue_, 2682. _See_ Bi-halue.

Haluendel, _n._ S. the half part, 460. R. Gl. p. 5; R. Br.; K. Alisaund. 7116; Emare, 444; Chron. of Engl. 515; R. Hood, i. 68.

Handlen, _v._ S. to handle, 347. _Handel_, 586.

Hangen, _v._ S. to hang, 335, 695. _Hengen_, 43, &c. _Honge_, 2807. _Henged_, _part. pa._ hung, 1922, 2480. Cf. For-henge.

Harum _for_ Harm, 1983, 2408.

Hasard, _n._ Fr. game at dice, 2326. _See_ Note on l. 2320.

Hatede, _pa. t._ S. hated, 1188.

Hauen, _v._ S. to have, 78, &c. _Hawe_, 1188. _Haue_, 1298. _Haues_, _Hauest_, _pr. t. 2 p._ hast, 688, 848. _Haues_, _Haueth_, _pr. t. 3 p._ haveth, hath, has, 1266, 1285, 1952, 1980, &c. _Hauet_, hath, 564. _Hauen_, _pr. t. pl._ have, 1227. _Hauenet_, have it, 2005. _Hauede_, _pa. t._ had, 649, 775, &c. _Hauedet_, 714, had it. _Haueden_, _pa. t. pl._ had, 238, &c. _Aueden_, 163. _Haue_, _Hauede_, _Haueden_, _subj._ would have, 1428, 1643, 1687, 2020, 2675.

Haui _for_ Haue I, 2002.

He, _pron._ S. Is often understood, as in ll. 869, 1428, 1777, and hence might perhaps have been designedly omitted in ll. 135, 860, 1089, 2311, though the metre seems to require _he_ in 135 and 1089. _He_, _pl._ they, 54, &c.

Heie, _n._ _See_ Eie.

Heie, _adj._ S. tall, 987. _Hey_, 1071, 1083; high, 1289. _Heye se_, 719. _Heye curt_, 1685. _Heye and lowe_, 2431, 2471, &c.

Hel, Helden. _See_ Halde.

Helde, Heldeste. _See_ Eld.

Helen, _v._ S. [_h[´æ]lan_] to heal, 1836. _Hele_, 2058. _Holed_, _part. pa._ healed, 2039.

Helm, _n._ S. helmet, 379, 624, 1653, &c. _Helmes_, _pl._ 2612.

Helpen, _v._ S. to help, 1712. _Helpes_, _imp. pl._ help ye, 2595. _Holpen_, _part. pa._ helped, 901.

Hem, _pron._ S. them, 367, &c.

Hend. _See_ Hond.

Hende _for_ Ende, 247.

Hende, _n._ S. a duck, 1241. A.S. _ened_; Lat. _anas_ (_anat-is_); Du. _eend_; Icel. _önd_. "Ende mete, for dookelyngys, _Lenticula_;" and again, "Ende, dooke byrde, _Anas_." Prompt. Parv.

Hende, _adj._ courteous, gentle, 1104, 1421, 1704, 2793, 2877, 2914; skilful, 2628. It certainly is the same word with _hendi_, _hendy_. _See_ Tyrwh. on C. T. 3199; Gl. R. Glouc.; Amis and Amil. 1393; Ly Beaus Desc. 333; Morte Arthur, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. I. p. 359, &c.; Dan. and Sw. _händig_, dexterous.

Hende, _adv._ S. near, handy, 359, 2275. Web.

Hendeleik, _n._ courtesy, 2793. Cf. _Allit. Poems_, ed. Morris, B. 860.

Henged, Hengen. _See_ Hangen.

Henne, _adv._ S. hence, 843, 1780, 1799. In the same manner is formed _Whenne_, K. Horn, 169, which Ritson thought a mistake for _whence_.

Henne, _n_, S. hen, 1240. _Hennes_, _pl._ 702.

Her. _See_ Er.

Her, _adv._ S. here, 689, 1058, &c. _Her offe_, 2585, hereof.

Her, _n._ S. hair, 1924. _Hor_, 235.

Herboru, _n._ S. habitation, harbour, lodging, 742. _Herberowe_, Web.; _Herbegerie_, R. Br.; _Harbroughe_, Sq. of Lowe Degre, 179; _Herberwe_, Chauc.; _Herbry_, Wynt.; _Herberye_, Lynds. Gl. q.v. and Jam.

Herborwed, _pa. t._ S. lodged, 742. La[gh]am., Chauc., V. Jam. in v. _Herbery_.

Here, _pron._ S. their, 52, 465, &c.

Here, _n._ S. army, 346, 379, 2153, 2942. R. Br., K. Alisaund, 2101.

Here, Heren, _v._ S. to hear, 4, 732, 1640, 2279, &c. _Y-here_, 11. _Herd_, _Herde_, _pa. t._ heard, 286, 465, &c. _Herden_, _pa. t. pl._ 150.

Herinne, _adv._ S. herein, 458.

Herkne, _imp. s._ S. hearken, 1285. _Herknet_, _imp. pl._ hearken ye, 1.

Herles. _See_ Erl.

Hernes, _n._ Fr. armour, harness, 1917. R. Br., &c.

Hernes, _n. pl._ S. brains, 1808.

Hern-panne, _n._ S. skull, 1991. Yw. and Gaw. 660; R. C[oe]ur de L., 5293. _Hardynpan_, Compl. of Scotl. p. 241; V. Gl.

Hert, _n._ S. hart, deer, 1872.

Herte, _n._ S. heart, 479, 2054, &c. _Herte blod_, 1819. La[gh]am. l. 15846; Sir Tr. p. 98; Chauc.

Hertelike, _adv._ S. heartily, 1347, 2748.

Het, _part._ S. hight, named, 2348. _Hoten_, _part. pa._ called, named, 106, 284.

Het, Hete, Heten. _See_ Ete.

Hetelike, _adv._ S. hotly, furiously, 2655.

And Guy hent his sword in hand,
And _hetelich_ smot to Colbrand.

_Guy of Warw._ ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 82.

In Sir Tr. p. 172, _Hethelich_ is explained _Haughtily_ by the Editor, and by Jam. _reproachfully_. Cf. _Hetterly_ in Gloss. to _Will. of Palerne_.

Hethede, _pa. t._ commanded, 551. A.S. _hetan_. The _th_ is here pronounced like _t_, as elsewhere.

Heþen. _See_ Eþen.

Heu, _n._ S. hue, colour, complexion, 2918. Very common. We may hence explain the "inexplicable phrase" complained of by Mr Ellis, Spec. E. E. P. V. I. p. 109. "On _heu_ her hair is fair enough" --occasioned by Ritson having inadvertently copied it _hen_, from the MS.; _see_ Anc. Songs, p. 25.

Heued, _n._ S. head, 624, 1653, 1701, 1759, &c. _Heuedes_, _pl._ 1907.

Heuere. _See_ Euere.

Heui, _adj._ S. heavy, 808; laborious, 2456.

Hew, _pa. t._ S. cut, 2729. Sir Tr. p. 20.

Hext, _adj. sup._ S. highest, tallest, 1080. _Haxt_, La[gh]amon; _Hext_, K. Alisaund. 7961; R. Gl.; Chauc.

Hey, Heye. _See_ Heie.

Heye, _adv._ S. on high, 43, 335, 695, &c.

Heylike, _adv._ S. highly, honourably, 2319. _Heyelike_, 1329.

Heyman, _n._ S. nobleman, 1260. Sir Tr. p. 82. _Heymen_, _Heyemen_, _pl._ 231, 958.

Hi, Hic. _See_ Ich.

Hider, _adv._ S. hither, 868, 885, 1431.

Hides, _n. pl._ S. hides, skins, 918.

Hijs, _pron._ S. his, 47, 468. _Hise_, 34, &c. _Hyse_, 355. [The final _e_ is most used with _plural_ nouns.]

Hile, _v._ S. [_hélan_] to cover, hide, 2082. _Hele_, Sir Tr. p. 19, Web., Rits. M. R., Chauc. _Hilles_, Yw. and Gaw. 741. V. Jam. in v. _Heild._ --Somersetsh.

Him, _pron._ S. them, 257, 1169.

Hine, _n. pl._ S. hinds, bondsmen, 620. Web. _Hinen_, R. Gl., V. Jam. in v.

Hinne. _See_ Þer-inne.

Hire, _pron._ S. her, 127, &c. _Hire semes_, it beseems her, 2916.

His _for_ Is, 279, 1973, 2692.

Hise. _See_ Hijs.

Hof _for_ Of, 1976.

Hof, _pa. t._ S. heaved, 2750.

Hok, _n._ S. hook, 1102.

Hol, _adj._ whole, well, 2075.

Holi, _adj._ S. holy, 1361. [_Printed_ hoh _in the former edition_.]

Hold, _adj._ S. firm, faithful, 2781, 2816.

Ant suore othes _holde_,
That huere non ne sholde
Horn never bytreye.

_K. Horn_, 1259.

Cf. R. Glouc. p. 377, 383, 443; K. Alisaund. 2912; Chron. of Engl. 730.

Hold, Holde, _adj._ S. old, 30, 192, 417, 956, &c.; former, 2460.

Holden. _See_ Halde.

Hole, _n._ S. socket of the eye, 1813.

Holed. _See_ Helen.

Holpen. _See_ Helpen.

Hond, _n._ S. hand, 2446. _Hon_, 1342. _Dat. c._ hend, 505, 2069; _pl._ hondes, 215, 636. _Hond-dede_, _n._ S. handiwork, 92.

Honge. _See_ Hangen.

Hor. _See_ Her, _n._

Hore, _n._ mercy, 153. _See_ Ore.

Horn, _n._ S. 779. [This probably refers to the _shape_ of the simnel. Halliwell says, a Simnel is "generally made in a _three-cornered_ form." Cracknels are still made with pointed and turned up ends, not unlike _horns_.]

Hors, _n._ S. horse, 2283. _Horse-knaue_, groom, 1019. So in a curious satirical poem, temp. Edw. II.

Of rybaudz y ryme,
Ant rede o my rolle,
Of gedelynges, gromes,
Of Colyn, & of Colle;
Harlotes, _hors knaues_,
Bi pate & by polle.

MS. Harl. 2253, f. 124 b.

Used also by Gower, Conf. Am. _See_ Todd's Illustr. p. 279.

Hosen, _n. pl._ S. hose, stockings, 860, 969. In Sir Tr. p. 94, trowsers seem to be indicated.

Hoslen, _v._ S. to administer or receive the sacrament, 212. _Hoslon_, 362. _Hosled_, _part. pa._ 364. _Hoseled_, 2598. Le Bone Flor. 776. Chauc.

Hoten. _See_ Het.

Houes, _pr. t._ S. behoves, 582. [_Read_ bi-houes?]

Hul, _n._ S. hollow, i.e. vale, 2687. A.S. _hole_. Cf. l. 2439.

Hund, _n._ S. hound, 1994, 2435. _Hundes_, _pl._ 2331.

Hungred _for_ Hunger, 2454.

Hungreth, _pr. t._ hunger, 455. _Hungrede_, _pa. t._ hungered, 654.

Hure, _pron._ S. our, 338, 842, 1231, &c.

Hus _for_ Us, 1217, 1409.

Hus, _n._ S. house, 740. _Huse_, 2913. _Hws_, 1141. _Milne-hous_, mill-house, 1967.

Hyl, _n._ S. heap, 892. _Hil_, hill, 1287.

Hw, W, _adv._ S. how, 120, 288, 827, 960, 1646, &c. _Hwou_, 2411, 2946, 2987, &c.

Hwan, _adv._ S. when, 408, 474, &c. _See_ Quan.

Hware, _adv._ S. where, 1881, 2240, 2579. _Hwar-of_, whereof, 2976. _Hwere_, 549, 1083.

Hwat, _pron._ S. what, 596, 635, 1137, 2547. _Wat_, 117, 541, &c. _Wat is yw_, 453. _Hwat_ or _Wat is þe_, 1951, 2704.

Hwat. _See_ Quath.

Hwel, _n._ S. whale, or grampus, 755. _Hwæl_, balena, vel cete, vel cetus. Ælf. Gl. _See_ Qual.

Hweþer, _adv._ S. whether, 294, 2098.

Hwi, _adv._ S. why, 454. _See_ Qui.

Hwil, _adv._ S. whilst, 301, 363, 538, 2437.

Hwile, _n._ S. time, 722, 1830.

Hwil-gat, _adv._ S. how, lit. which way, 838. _Howgates_, Skinner.

Hwit, _adj._ S. white, 1729.

Hwo, _pron._ S. who, 296, 300, 368, 2604, &c. _See_ Wo.

Hwor, _adv._ S. whether, 1119. _Hwore-so_, wheresoever, 1349.

Hwou. _See_ Hw.

Hws. _See_ Hus.

Hyse. _See_ Hijs.

Ich, _pron._ S. I, 167, &c. _Ihc_, 1377. _Hic_, 305. _Hi_, 487. _I_, 686. _Y_, 15, &c.

Id _for_ It, 2424.

I-gret, 163. _See_ Grette.

I-groten. _See_ Graten.

Il, _adj._ S. each, every, 818, 1740, 2112, 2483, 2514. _Ilc_, 1056, 1921. _Ilke_, 821, 1861, 2959, 2996; (= same), 1088, 1215, 2674, &c. _Ilker_, each (of them), 2352. _Ilkan_, each one, 1770, 2357. _Ilkon_, 1842, 2108. _See_ Eueri.

Ille, _adv._ S. _Likede hire swithe ille_, 1165, it displeased her much. Sir Tr. p. 78. A common phrase. _Ille maked_, ill treated, 1952.

I-maked. _See_ Maken.

Inne, _adv._ S. in, 762, 807. _See_ Þerinne.

Inow, _adv._ S. enough, 706, 911, 931, &c. _Ynow_, 563, 1795. _Ynou_, 904.

Intil, _prep._ S. into, 128, 251, &c. _See_ Til.

Ioie, _n._ Fr. joy, 1209, 1237, 1278, &c. _Ioye_, 1315.

Ioyinge, _n._ gladness, 2087.

Ioupe, _n._ Fr. a doublet, 1767. Roquefort gives the form _Jupe_, but _Jupon_ or _Gipoun_ is more usual. See _Jupon_ in Halliwell, and _Gipe_ in Roquefort.

Is _for_ His, 735, 2254, 2479.

Iuele, _n._ S. evil, injury, 50, 1689. _Yuel_, 2221. _Yuele_, 994. _Iuel_, sickness, 114. _Yuel_, 144, 155.

þa þe he wes ald mon,
þa com him _ufel_ on.

_La[gh]am._ l. 19282.

_Ful iuele o-bone_, very lean, 2505; cf. 2525.

Iuele, _adv._ S. evilly, 2755. _Me yuele like_, displease me, 132. Cf. Ille liken.

Kam. _See_ Komen.

Kaske, _adj._ strong, vigorous, 1841. Sw. _karsk_.

Kaym, _n. p._ Cain, 2045. _See_ note in loc.

Kayn, _n._ 31, 1327. Evidently a provincial pronunciation of _Thayn_, which in the MS. may elsewhere be read either _chayn_ or _thayn_. By the same mutation of letters _make_ has been converted into _mate_, _cake_ into _cate_, _wayke_ into _wayte_, _lake_ into _late_ (R. Hood, i. 106), &c., or _vice versâ_. _See_ Thayn.

Kaysere. _See_ Cayser.

Keft, _part. pa._ purchased, 2005. _Sure keft_ = sourly (bitterly) purchased it. _See_ Sure _and_ Coupe.

Keling, _n._ 757, cod of a large size, Jam. q.v. The _kelyng_ appears in the first, course of Archb. Nevil's Feast, 6 Edw. IV. _See_ Warner's _Antiq. Cul._ Cotgrave explains _Merlus_, A Melwall or _Keeling_, a kind of small cod, whereof stockfish is made.

Keme. _See_ Komen.

Kempe, _n._ S. knight, champion, 1036. V. Jam. in v.

Kene, _adj._ S. keen, bold, eager, 1832, 2115. A term of very extensive use in old Engl. and Sc. poetry, and the usual epithet of a knight.

Kesten, _v._ S. to cast in prison, or to overthrow, 81, 1785 (used passively). _Casten_, cast, throw, 2101. _Keste_, _pa. t._ cast, 2449. _Keste_, _part. pa._ cast, placed, 2611; [or it may be the infin. mood.]

Keuel, _n._ S. a gag, 547. See _Kevel_ in Hall., _Kewl_ in. Jam. A.S. _cæfli_, a halter, headstall.

Kid, _part. pa._ S. made known, discovered, 1060. Sir Tr. p. 150; R. Br.; Yw. and Gaw. 530; Minot, p. 4; Chauc. From _cýþan_, notum facere.

Kin, Kyn, _n._ S. kindred, 393, 414, 2045.

Kines, _n._ S. _gen. c._ kind, 861, 1140, 2691. _None kines_ = of no kind; _neuere kines_ = of never a kind.

Kinneriche. _See_ Cunnriche.

Kippe, _v._ S. [_cépan_] to take up hastily, 894. _Kipt_, _Kipte_, _pa. t._ snatched up, 1050, 2407, 2638.

Horn in is armes hire _kepte._

_K. Horn_, 1208.

_Kypte_ heore longe knyues, and slowe faste to gronde.

_Rob. Glouc._ p. 125.

_Kept up_, snatcht up, Gl. R. Br. Jamieson derives the word from Su.-G. _kippa_, to take anything violently. V. in v. _Kip._ Ihre quotes the Icel. _kipti up_ = snatched up.

Kirke, _n._ S. church, 1132, 1355. _Kirkes_, _pl._ 2583. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam.

Kiste. _See_ Chiste.

Kiste, _pa. t. s._ kissed, 1279. _Kisten_, _pa. t. pl._ S. kissed, 2162.

Kiwing, _n._ 1736. [Respecting this word I can only record my conviction that it is not safe to quote it, as the MS. is indistinct. I read the word as _kilþing_, which I believe to be merely miswritten for _ilk þing_ (which the scribe also spells _il þing_), and I suppose the sense of the line to be-- "when they had there distributed _everything_."]

Knaue, _n._ S. lad, 308, 409, 450, &c. Attendant, servant, 458. _Cokes knaue_, scullion, 1123.

Heore cokes & heore _cnaues_
Alle heo duden of lif dæ[gh]en.

_La[gh]am._ l. 13717.

V. Jam. in v. Gl. Lynds. and Gl. Todd's Illustr. Chauc.

Knawe, _v._ S. to know, 2785. _Knawe_, _pr. t. pl._ know, 2207. _Kneu_, _pa. t._ knew, 2468. _Knawed_, _part. pa._ known, 2057.

Knicth, Knith, _n._ S. knight, 77, 343, &c. _Knictes_, _pl._ 239. _Knithes_, 1068. _Knihtes_, 2706.

Kok, _n._ a cook, 873, 180, 891, 903, 921, 2898. _See_ Cok.

Komen, _v._ S. to come, 1001. _Comes_, _Cometh_, _imp, pl._ come ye, 1798, 1885, 2247. _Kam_, _pa. t._ came, 766, 863. _Kom_, 1309. _Cam_, 2622. _Komen_, _pa. t, pl._ came, 1012, 1202. _Comen_, 2790. _Keme_, 1208. _Comen_, _part. pa._ come, 1714.

Kope, _n._ Lat. cope, 429. _Copes_, _pl._ 1957.

Koren, _n._ S. corn, 1879.

Kouel. _See_ Couel.

Kouþen. _See_ Couþe.

Kradel-barnes, _n. pl._ S. children in the cradle, 1912.

Kraken, _v._ S. to crack, break, 914. _Krake_, 1857. _Crake_, 1908. _Crakede_, _pa. t._ cracked, broke, 568. _Kraked_, _part. pa._ 1238.

Krike, _n._ S. creek, 708.

Kunne. _See_ Canst.

Kuneriche, Kunerike, Kunrik. _See_ Cunnriche.

Kyne-merk, _n._ S. mark or sign of royalty, 604. In the same manner are compounded _cine-helm_, _cine-stol_, &c.

& Cador þe kene
scal beren þas _kinges marke_;
hæbben ha[gh]e þene drake,
biforen þissere du[gh]eðe.

_La[gh]am._ l. 19098.

Thyll ther was of her body
A fayr chyld borne, and a godele,
Hadde a dowbyll _kynges marke_.

_Emare_, 502.

Lac, _n._ S. fault, reproach, 191, 2219. Yw. and Gaw. 264, 1133. _Lak_, R. Br., Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. i. p. 252. Sir Orpheo, 421. _Lakke_, P. Plowm. Chauc. So in Sc. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds. v. _Lak_, _Lack_.

Ladde, _n._ S. lad, 1786. _Ladden_, _pl._ 1038. _Laddes_, 1015, &c. A term subsequently applied to persons of low condition. "When _laddes_ weddeth leuedis--" Prophecy of Tho. of Essedoune, MS. Harl. 2253, f. 127.

Large, _adj._ Fr. Lat. liberal, bountiful, 97, 2941. R. Gl. Yw. and Gaw. 865. Sir Orpheo, 27. Sevyn Sages, 1251. Chauc.

Late, _v._ S. [_l[´æ]tan_] _pres. subj._ let, suffer, 486. _Late_, _pr. t._ let, permit, 1741. _Late_, _imp._ let, suffer, 17, 1376, 2422. _Leth_, _pa. t._ let, suffered, 2651; caused, 252. _Late_, _part. pa._ or _inf._ put, 2611.

Laten, _v._ S. [_l[´æ]tan_] to leave, 328. _Late be_, _imp._ leave, relinquish, 1265; _inf._ 1657. _Let_, _pa. t._ left, 2062. _Laten_, _part. pa._ left, abated, 240, 1925.

Lath, _n._ S. injury, 76. _Lathe_, 2718, 2976.

Lauhwinde, _part. pr._ S. laughing, 946.

Laute, _pa. t_. S. [_læccan, læhte_] received, took, 744. _Lauthe_, 1673. _Lauth_, _part. pa._ received, taken, 1988. _I-lahte_, La[gh]am. l. 29260.

Horn in herte _la[gh]te_
Al þat he him ta[gh]te.

_K. Horn_ (ed. Lumby), 243.

_Laght_, Yw. and Gaw. 2025. _Laught_, K. Alisaund. 685, 1109. _Lauht_, R. Br. (_See_ Hearne's blundering Gl. in voc.) Rits. A. S. p. 46. _Laucht_, Wall. ix. 1964.

Laumprei, _n._ S. lamprey, 771. _Laumprees_, _pl._ 897.

Lawe, Lowe, _adj._ S. low, 2431, 2471, 2767, &c.

Lax, n. S. [læx] salmon, 754, 1727. _Laxes_, _pl._ 896. V. Spelm. and Somn. in v. Jamieson says, it was "formerly the only name by which this fish was known." Cf. Dan. Sw. Icel. _lax_.

Layke, _v._ S. [_lácan_] to play, 1011. _Leyke_, _Leyken_, 469, 950, 997. _Leykeden_, _pa. t. pl._ played, 954. In the same sense the verb is found in P. Plowman, and Sevyn Sages, 1212. So in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. v. _Laik_, Ray, Brockett, and Crav. Dial. v. _Lake_.

Leche, _n._ S. physician, 1836, 2057.

Led, a caldron, kettle, 924. Chauc. Prol. 202.

Lede, Leden, _v._ S. to lead, 245, &c; _utlede_, 89. Cf. 346, 379. _Ledes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ uses, carries, 2573. _Ledde_, _pa. t._ led, 1686. _Ledden_, _pa. t. pl._ led, 2451.

Lef, _adj._ S. agreeable, willing, _lef and loth_, 261, 440, 2273, 2313, 2379, 2775. A very usual phrase. _See_ Beowulf, l. 1026. Chauc. C. T. 1839. R. Hood, i. 41. _Leue_, 431, 909. Sir Tr. p. 187. K. Horn, 949, &c. _Leuere_, _comp._ more agreeable, rather, 1193, 1423, 1671, &c. _Lef_, used as adv. willingly, in the phrase "Ye! lef, ye!" = yes, willingly, yes, 2606; cf. l. 1888.

Leidest. _See_ Leyn.

Leite, _adj._ S. light, 2441.

Leme, _n._ S. limb, 2555. _Lime_, 1409. _Limes_, pl. 86.

Leman, _n._ S. mistress, lover, 1191. _Lemman_, 1283, 1312, 1322. Used by all the old writers, and applied equally to either sex.

Lende, _v._ S. to land, 733. Sir Tr. p. 13. R. Br. _See_ Jam. in v. _Leind_.

Lene, _v._ S. [_leanian_] to lend, grant, 2072.

I sal _lene_ the her mi ring.

_Yw. and Gaw._ 737.

Lenge, _n._ the fish called _ling_, 832. [_Asellus longus_, or _Islandicus_, Ray.] It was a common dish formerly. Thus we have _Lynge in jelly_, in Archb. Nevil's Feast, 6 Edw. IV., and _Lyng in foyle_, in Warham's Feast, 1504. _See_ Pegge's _Form of Cury_, p. 177, 184, and MS. Sloane, 1986.

Lenge, _v._ S. to prolong, 1734, 2363. P. Plowm.

Leoun, _n._ Lat. lion, 573. _Leun_, 1867.

Lepe, _v._ S. escape from (?) 2009. _Loupe_, to leap, 1801. _Lep_, _pa. t._ leapt, 891, 1777, 1942. _Lopen_, _pa. t. pl._ 1896, 2616.

Lere, Leren, _v._ S. to learn, 797, 823; to teach, 2592. _Y-lere_, 12.

Lese, v. S. _imp. s. 3 p._ loose, 333. Sir Tr. p. 110.

Leth. _See_ Late.

Lette, _v._ S. [_l[´æ]tan_, _lettan_] to hinder, retard, 1164, 2253, 2819; to stop, cease, 2445, 2627. _Let_, _pa. t._ stopped, stayed, 2447, 2500. _Leten_, _pa. t. pl._ stopped, delayed, 2379.

Leue, _n._ S. leave, 1387, 1626, 2952, &c.

Leue, _adj._ _See_ Lef.

Leue, _v._ S. [_lýfan_] _imp. s._ grant, 334, 406, 2807. K. Horn, 465, MS.; R. Gl., Erle of Tol. 365. Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 77, where it is misprinted _lene_. It is very frequently used in the old Engl. Metrical Lives of the Saints, MS. Laud, 108. [The true distinction between _leue_ and _lene_ is, that the former is the A.S. _lýfan_, G. _erlauben_ = grant in the sense of _allow_, _permit_, and is invariably intransitive; whilst _lene_ is the A.S. _lænan_, G. _leihen_ = grant in the sense of _give_. The confusion between the senses of _grant_ has led to confusion between _lene_ and _leue_, and in at least five passages of Chaucer (C. T. 7226, 13613; Tro. ii. 1212, iii. 56, v. 1749, ed. Tyrwhitt) many editions wrongly have _lene_. In the last three instances Tyrwhitt rightly prints _leve_, but unnecessarily corrects himself in his Glossary. I regret to add that I have thrice made a similar mistake. In Piers Plowman, A. v. 263, and in Pierce the Ploughman's Crede, ll. 366 and 573, for _lene_ read _leue_. Halliwell's remark, that "the [former] editor of Havelok absurdly prints _leue_" is founded upon the same misconception, and he is wrong in his censure. _See_ the use of _lefe_ in the Ormulum, ed. White.]

Leued, _pa. t._ S. left, 225.

Leuedi, _n._ S. lady, 171, &c. _Leuedyes_, _pl._ 239. V. Hickes, Diss. Ep. p. 52, n.

Leuere. _See_ Lef.

Leues, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. believes, 1781, 2105. From _lefan_.

Leuin, _n._ S. lightning, 2690. R. Br. p. 174. Yw. and Gaw. Chauc. C. T. 5858. Doug. Virg. 200, 53.

Lewe, _adj._ S. warm, 498, 2921.

A opened wes his breoste,
þa blod com forð _luke._

_La[gh]am._ l. 27556.

Leyd, Leyde. _See_ Leyn.

Leye, _n._ S. lie, falsehood, 2117.

Leve, _v._ S. to lie, speak false, 2010.

Leyke, Leyken. _See_ Layke.

Leyk, _n._ S. game, 1021, 2326. So in Beowulf, l. 2084, _sweorda-gelác_, and Sir Tr. p. 118, _love-laike_. In the pl. _laykes_, Minot, p. 10. In Lanc. a player is still called a _laker_.

Leyn, _v._ S. to lay, 718. _Leyde_, _pa. t._ laid, 50, 994, &c.; stopped, 229. _Leidest_, _pa. t. 2 p._ laidest, 636. _Leyden_, _pa. t. pl._ laid, 1907. _Leyd_, _part. pa._ laid, 1689, 1722, 2839.

Lich, _adj._ like, 2155.

Lict, Lith, _n._ S. light, 534, 576, 588, &c.

Lift, _adj._ S. left (_lævus_), 2130.

Ligge, Liggen, _v._ S. to lie down, 802, 876, 882, 1374. _See_ Lyen.

Lime, Limes. _See_ Leme.

Lite, _adj._ S. little, 276, 1730. _Litel_, 1858, &c. _Litle_, 2014.

Lith. _See_ Lict.

Lith, _imp._ S. light (thou), 585.

Lith, _adv._ S. lightly, 1942.

Lith, _n._ S. alleviation, comfort, peace, 1338. _Lyþe_, 147. It also occurs as a sb. in La[gh]am. l. 5213. As an adj. it occurs in La[gh]am. l. 7242. Sir Tr. p. 43, 82. R. C[oe]ur de L. 2480, and Emare, 348, from the v. _líðian_, alleviare. Cf. Icel. _lið_, sometimes used to mean _help_. See _Leathe_ in Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.

Lith, _n._ S. 2515. This word is explained by Ritson _plains_, by Hearne _tenements_, and by Jamieson a _ridge_ or _ascent_. Its real signification seems unknown, but may be conjectured from the following passages.

No asked he lond no _lithe_.

_Sir Tristr._ p. 101.

Ther wille not be went, ne lete ther lond ne _lith_.

_R. Brunne_, p. 194.

where it answers to the Fr. Ne volent lesser tere ne _tenement_.

Who schall us now geve londes or _lythe_.

_Le Bone Flor._ 841.

Here I gif Schir Galeron, quod Gaynour, withouten ony gile,
Al the londis and the _lithis_ fro laver to layre.

_Sir Gaw. and Sir Gal._ ii. 27.

[_See_ Glossary to _William of Palerne_, s.v. _Lud._]

Lithes, _n. pl._ S. the extreme points of the toes, or articulations, 2163. _Fingres lith_, extremum digiti, Luc. 16, 24.

Liþes, _imp. pl._ S. listen, 1400, 2204. _Lyþes_, 2576. The verb in the Sax. is _hlystan_, but in Su.-G. _lyda_, and Isl. _hlyda_, which approaches nearer to the form in the poem. So also in K. Horn, 2, _wilen lithe_, MS.; R. Br. p. 93; R. Hood, i. p. 2; Minot, p. 1. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. and Brockett.

Littene, _part. pa._ [or _inf._?] 2701. "_Qu._ cut in pieces, from the same root as to _lith_, divide the joints. V. Jam. Suppl." --M. [Or it may mean disgraced, wounded, defeated. Cf. Su.-Goth. _lyta_, to wound; Icel. _lyta_, to disgrace; Sw. _lyte_, a defect, _litt_, deformed; Dan. _lyde_, a blemish.]

Liue, _n._ S. _dat. c._ life, 232; _brouth of liue_, dead, 513, 2129. K. Horn, 188. _Of liue do_, kill, 1805. _Liues_, _gen. c. as adv._ alive, 509, 1003, 1307, 1919, 2854. _See_ On-liue.

Liuen, _v._ S. to live, 355. _Liuede_, _Liueden_, _pa. t. pl._ lived, 1299, 2044.

Lof, _n._ S. loaf, 653.

Loke, Loken, _v._ S. to look after, take care of, to behold, 376, 2136. _Lokes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ lookest, 2726. _Loke_, _imp._ look, 1680, 1712. _Lokes_, _imp. pl._ look ye, 2240, 2292, 2300, 2579, 2812. _Lokede_, _pa. t._ looked, 679, 1041.

Loken, Lokene, _part. pa._ S. fastened, locked, closed, 429, 1957. So in the Const. Othonis, Tit. _de habitu Clericorum_; "In mensura decenti habeant vestes, et _cappis clausis_ utuntur in sacris ordinibus constituti." V. Spelm. in v. _Cappa clausa_. So also in the _Ancren Riwle_, fol. 17-- "gif he haues a wid hod and a _lokin_ cape, &c." [The reference to the Ancren Riwle is to MS. Titus D 18, fol. 17; cf. the edition by Morton (Camd. Soc. 1853), p. 56.]

Lond, Londe, _n._ S. land, 64, 721, &c. _Lon_, 340.

Long, _adj._ S. tall, 987, 1063. So K. Horn, 100.

Longes, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. belongs, 396. R. Br., Chauc., &c.

Lopen. _See_ Lepe.

Loth, _adj._ S. loath, unwilling, 261, 440, &c. _See_ Lef.

Louede, _pa. t._ S. loved, 71. _Loueden_, _pa. t. pl._ 955.

Louerd, _n._ S. lord, master, 96, 483, &c. _Lowerd_, 621.

Louerdinges, _n. pl._ S. lordings, masters, 515, 1401. _See_ Note in Warton's Hist. Engl. Poet. V. I. p. 19. Ed. 1840.

Loupe. _See_ Lepe.

Low, _pa. t._ S. laughed, 903. K. Horn, 1502. _Lowen_, _pa. t. pl._ 1056.

Lowe, _n._ S. [_hlæw_] hill, 1291, 1699. Rits. M. R., Web., &c. V. Jam. and Brockett's Gl. v. _Lawe_.

Luue, _n._ S. love, 195. [_Luue-drurye_ seems here to be a compound word, meaning _love-courtship_. _Lufe-drowrie_ also = love-token, _Lyndesay's Sq. Meldrum_, 1003. _See_ Drurye.]

Lyen, _v._ S. to lie (in bed), 2134. _Leyen_, _pt. pl._ lay, 475.

Lyþe. _See_ Lith.

Maght, Mait. _See_ Mowe.

Make, _n._ S. mate, companion, wife, 1150. K. Horn, 1427. K. Alisaund. 3314. Le Bone Flor. 881. Chauc. Sc. _Maik._ V. Jam.

Maken, _v._ S. to make, 29, &c. _Make_, 676. _Makeden_, _pa. t. pl._ made, 554. _I-maked_, _part. pa._ made, 5.

Male, _n._ Fr. a budget, bag, wallet, 48. La[gh]amon, l. 3543. Web., Chauc., R. Hood.

Malisun, _n._ Fr. malediction, curse, 426. Sir Tr. p. 179.

Manred, Manrede, _n._ S. homage, fealty, 484, 2172, 2180, 2248, 2265, 2312, 2774, 2816, 2847, 2850. Leg. of S. Gregori, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl. _See_ Jam. for further examples.

Marz, _n._ Lat. March, 2559.

Maugre, Fr. in spite of, 1128, 1789. _See_ Tyrwh. Gl. to Chauc. and Jam. in v.

Maydnes, _n. pl._ S. maidens, 467, 2222.

Mayster, _n._ Fr. master, 1135; chief, 2028, 2385.

Mayt, Mayth. _See_ Mowe.

Mede, _n._ S. reward, 102, 685, 1635, 2402.

Mele, _n._ S. oat-meal, 780.

Mele, _v._ Fr. to contend in battle, 2059. Gaw. and Gol. ii. 18. _Mellay_, Wynt. viii. 15, 19. V. Jam.

Meme, 2201, _probably miswritten for_ neme; _see_ Nime.

Men (used with a sing. vb. like the Fr. _on_), men, people, 390, 647, 2610.

Mene, _v._ S. to mean, signify, 2114. _Menes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ means, 597.

Menie, _n._ Fr. family, 827. _Meynie_, 834. This word is to be found from the time of La[gh]amon to Shakespeare. Jamieson attempts to derive it from the North. V. in v. _Menzie_. See _maisnie_ in Roquefort.

Mere, _n._ S. mare, 2449, 2478, 2504.

Messe, _n._ Fr. Lat. the service of the mass, 243, 1176. _Messe-bok_, mass-book, 186, 391, 2710. _Messe-gere_, all the apparel, &c., pertaining to the service of the mass, 188, 389, 1078, 2217.

Mest, _adj. sup._ S. greatest, 233. _Moste_, 1287; tallest, 983.

Mester, _n._ Fr. trade, 823. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 229.

Met, _pp._ S. dreamt, 1285.

Mete, _n._ S. meat, 459, &c. _Metes_, _pl._ 1733.

Meynie. _See_ Menie.

Michel, _adj._ S. much, 510, 660. _Mik_, 2342. _Mike_, 960 (cf. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, 292), 1744, 1761, 2336. _Mikel_, 122, 478, &c.

Micte, Micten, Micthe, Mithe, Mithest, Mithen. _See_ Mowe.

Micth, _n._ S. might, power, 35.

Middelerd, _n._ S. the earth, world, 2244. _Middelærd_, La[gh]am., Rits., Web., R. Gl., Minot, &c. So in Sc. V. Jam.

Mik, Mike, Mikel. _See_ Michel.

Milce, _n._ S. [_mildse_] mercy, 1361. A! me do þine _milce_, La[gh]am. l. 4681; R. Gl. It is usually coupled with _ore_.

Milne-hous. _See_ Hus.

Mirke, _adj._ S. dark, 404. R. Br., Lynds.; _merke_, Chauc. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam.

Misdede, _pa. t._ S. did amiss, 337; injured, 992, 1371. _Misdo_, _part. pa._ misdone, offended, 2798.

Misferde, _pa. t._ S. behaved, or proceeded ill, 1869. _See_ Faren.

Misgos, _pr. t. 2 p._ S. goest or behavest amiss, 2707.

Misseyd, _part. pa._ S. spoken to reproachfully, 1688.

Mithe, Mythe, _v._ S. [_miðan_] to conceal, hide, dissemble, 652, 948, 1278. Sche might no lenger _mithe_. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 310.

Mixed, _adj._ vile, base, 2533. From S. _myx_, fimus. Cf. _Mix_ in _William of Palerne_.

Mo, _adj. comp._ S. more, 1742, 1846.

Mod, _n._ S. mood, humour, 1703.

Moder, _n._ S. mother, 974, 1388, &c.

Mone, _n._ S. moon, 373, 403.

Mone, _n._ S. mind, say, opinion, 816. Cf. A.S. _myne_, _monian_, _monung_; Icel. _munr_. Hence, to _mone_, to _relate_, R. C[oe]ur de L. 4636, and to _animadvert_, in Barbour. It appears to express the Fr. phrase _par le mien escient_, K. Horn, 467, MS. Douce. In nearly the same sense _mone_ may be found in K. Alisaund. 1281, R. Gl. pp. 281, 293. Cf. ll. 1711, 1972.

Mone, _v. pl._ [Isl. _mun_] must, 840. _Maun_, Sc. _Mun_, Yorksh. Cumb. V. Jam.

Morwen, _n._ S. morning, 811, 1131, 2669, &c. _To-morwen_, 530, 810. _Amorwe_, Sir Tr., K. Horn.

Moste. _See_ Mest.

Mote, _v._ S. may, 19, 406, 1743, 2545. _Moten_, _pl._ 18.

Moun. _See_ Mowe.

Mowe, _v._ S. _pres. sing._ may, be able, 175, 394, 675. _Mowen_, _pl._ 11. _Moun_, 460, 2587. _Mait_, _pr. t. 2 p._ mayest, 689. _Mayt_, 845, 852, 1219. _Mayth_, 641. _Maght_, _pa. t. 2 p. s._ mightest, 1348. _Mithe_, _Mithest_, 855, 1218. _Micte_, _Micthe_, _Mithe_, _pa. t. 3 p._ might, 42, 233, 1030, 1080. _Mouchte_, _Moucte_, _Moucthe_, _Mouthe_, _Mowcte_, 145, 356, 376, &c. _Micte_, _Micten_, _Mithen_, _pl._ 232, 516, 1929, 2017. _Mouhte_, _Mouthe_, _Mouthen_, 1183, 2019, 2039, 2328, 2330, &c. V. Pegge's Anecd. of Engl. Lang. p. iii.

Na, _adv._ S. no, 2363, 2530.

Nam. _See_ Nime.

Nayles, _n. pl._ S. nails, 2163.

Ne, _adv._ S. nor, 44, &c.

Nede, _n._ S. need, necessity, 9, &c. _Nedes_, _pl._ 1092.

Neme. _See_ Nime.

Ner, _adv._ S. near, 990, 1949.

Nese, _n._ S. nose, 2450.

Nesh, _adj._ S. [_nesc_] soft, tender, 2743. _Neys_, 217. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Chauc. Still used in N.W. part of England.

Neth, _n._ S. net, 752, 808, 1026; _pl._ _netes_, 783.

Neth, _n._ S. neat, cattle, 700, 1222. _Netes_, _g. c._ neat's, 781.

Neþeles, _conj._ S. nevertheless, 1108, 1658.

Neue, _n._ S. fist, 2405. _Neues_, _pl._ 1917. V. Jam.

Neure, _adv._ S. not, never, 80, 672; _neuere a polk_, ne'er a pool, 2685. _Neuere kines_, of no kind, 2691.

Ney. _adv._ nigh, near to, nearly, 464, 640, 2619.

Neys. _See_ Nesh.

Neyþer, Neþe, _pron._ S. neither, not either, 458, 764, 2970, &c. _Noþer_, 2623. _Noyþer_, 2697.

Newhen, _v._ S. [_nehwan_] to approach, 1866. In the more recent form to _neigh_ it is used in several of the old Romances, Chauc., and Minot.

Nicht, Nicth, _n._ S. night, 533, 575. _Niht_, 2669. _Nith_, 404, 1247, 1754. _Nithes_, _g. c._ of night, 2100. _Nihtes_, _nithes_, _pl._ 2353; _nihtes_, 2999.

Nime, _v._ S. _pr. s._ take, _or_ go, 1931. _Nim_, _imp._ take, 1336. _Nam_, _pa. t._ took, 900; went, 2930. _Neme_, _pl._ went, 1207; cf. l. 2201. _Nomen_, took, 2790. _Nomen_, _Numen_, _part. pa._ taken, 2265, 2581. _Nimes_, _imp. pl._ go ye, 2594; _nime_, go we, 2600. In the first sense this verb is common in all the Glossaries, but in the latter sense _To go_ it occurs nowhere but in the Gl. to Rob. Brunne, who, from being a Lincolnshire man, approaches nearer to the language of the present poem than any other writer. [In N.E. to _nim_ is to walk with quick, short steps.]

Nis, _for_ Ne is, is not, 462, 1998, 2244.

Nither-tale, _n._ S. night-time, 2025. _See_ Chaucer, Prol. l. 97.

Noblelike, _adv._ S. nobly, 2640.

Nok, _n._ [Belg. _nock_] nook, corner, 820; _nouth a ferthinges nok_, not the value of a farthing. The same phr. is in the _Manuel des Pechés_ of Rob. of Brunne, MS. Harl. 1701, fol. 39.

Nomen. _See_ Nime.

Non, _adj._ S. no, 518, 685, 1019; no one, 934, 974.

Note, _n._ S. a nut, 419. _Nouthe_, 1332.

Noþer. _See_ Neyþer.

Nou, _adv._ S. now, 328, 1362, &c. _Nu_, 2421, 2460, 2650, &c.

Nout, Nouth, Nouht, _n._ or _adv._ S. not, naught, nothing, not at all, 249, 505, 566, 648, 1733, 2051, 2822. _Nowt_, _Nowth_, 770, 2168, 2737.

Nouthe. _See_ Note.

Noyþer. _See_ Neyþer.

Nu. _See_ Nou.

Numen. _See_ Nime.

Nytte. _v._ S. make use of, require for use, 941. A.S. _nyttian_, _neotan_, G. _nützen_, Du. _nutten_.

O. _See_ On.

Of, _prep._ S. off, 130, 216, 603, 857, 1850, 2444, 2626, 2676, 2751, &c. _Of londe_, out of the land, 2599. Sir Tr.

Offe, _prep._ S. of, 435. _Of_, 436.

Offrende, Dan. Fr. offering, 1386.

Ofte, _adv._ S. often, 226, &c.

Ok. _See_ Ek.

On, _adj._ S. one, 425, 1800, 2028, 2263, &c.

On, _in_ But on. _See_ But.

On, _prep._ S. in, on. _On liue_, 281, 363, 694, 793 &c. _O liue_, 2865. _On two_, 471, 1823, 2730, in two; _a two_, 1413, 2643. _O londe_, 763, on, _or_ in land. _On knes_, 1211, 1302, 2710, on knees; _o knes_, 2252, 2796. _On brenne_, 1239, in flame, on fire. _O nith_, 1251, in the night. _On nithes_, 2048. _O worde_, 1349, in the world (_see_ Werd). _O mani wise_, 1713, in many a manner. _On gamen_, 1716, in sport. _On lesse hwile_, 1830, in less time. _O bok_, 2307, 2311, on the book. _Wel o bon_, 2355, 2525, 2571, strong of body. _Iuele o bone_, 2505, lean. _On hunting_, 2382. _O stede_, 2549, on steed. _Up-o the dogges_, 2596, on the dogs. From these examples, added to those which occur in every Glossary, it is evident the Sax. prep. _On_ was subsequently corrupted to _O_ and _A._ _See_ Tyrwh. and Jam. _A nycht_ in Barb. xix. 657, explained by the latter _one_ night, is according to the above rule _In the night_, as confirmed by l. 1251. Sir Tr. pp. 47, 114. R. Glouc.

One, _adj._ S. alone, singly, 815, 936, 1153, 1710, 1742, 1973, 2433.

There hue wonede al _one._

_K. Horn_, 80.

_See_ Tyrwh. Gl., Chauc. v. _On_.

Ones, _adv._ S. once, 1295.

Onfrest, _v._ delay, 1337. From Su.-G. _fresta_, to delay, A.S. _firstan_, from Su.-Goth. _frest_ or _frist_, A.S. _fyrst_, a space of time. Cf. Dan. and Sw. _first_, a truce. _Frest_, delay, Barb. vii. 447.

Onlepi. _See_ Anilepi.

Onne, _prep._ S. on, 347, 1940.

Onon, _adv._ S. anon, speedily, 136, 447, 1964, 2790.

Ontil, _prep._ S. unto, for, 761.

Or, _adv._ S. previously, before, 728, 1043, 1356, 1688, &c. _Or outh longe_, 1789, before any long time.

Ore, _n._ S. favour, grace, mercy, 153, 211, 2443, 2797. Ich hadde of hire milse an _ore_. Hule and Nihtingale, l. 1081. Sir Tr. p. 24. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 1509. _See_ Tyrwhitt's Note on Chauc. C. T. 3724, and Ritson's Note, Metr. Rom. V. iii. p. 263. A.S. _ár_.

Ore, _n._ S. oar, 718, 1871, &c. _Ores_, _pl._ 711.

Osed _for_ Hosed, 971.

Oth, _n._ S. oath, 2009, 2272, &c. _Oþes_, _pl._ 2013, 2231, &c.

Oþe _for_ Oþer, 861, 1986, 2970.

Oþer, _conj._ S. either, or, 94, 674, 787, &c. _See_ Ayther.

Oþer, _adj._ S. [_alter_] the other of two, second, 879. _þe oþer day_, 1755, the following day.

Day hit is igon & _oþer_,
Wiþute sail & roþer.

_K. Horn_, ed. Lumby, 187.

So also R. Br. p. 169, and Wynt.

Oþer, _adj._ S. [_alius_] other, 2490. _Oþre_, _pl._ others, 1784, 2413, 2416.

Ouer-fare, _v._ S. to pass over, cease, 2063. _See_ Fare.

Ouer-go, _v._ S. to be disregarded, 2220.

Ouer-gange, _v._ S. to get the superiority over, 2587.

Ouer-þwert, _adv._ S. across, 2822. _Ouerthuert_, R. Br. p. 241. _Overtwert_, Ly Beaus Desc. 1017. _Overthwarte_, Syr Eglamore, B. iii. Chauc. C. T. 1993.

Oune, _adj._ S. own, 375, 2428.

Oure, _n._ bank, shore, 321. G. _ufer_. A.S. _ófer_. Cf. "to þan castle of Deoure on þere sæ _oure_." _La[gh]amon_, l. 31117.

Outh, _n._ S. [_awiht_] any space of time, aught, 1189; cf. l. 1789; anything, 703. [_Outh douthe_ = was worth anything, was of any value.]

Palefrey, _n._ Fr. saddle-horse, 2060. _See_ Gl. on Chauc. in v. Pegge's Anec. Engl. Lang. p. 289.

Pappes, _n. pl._ Lat. breasts, 2132.

Parred, _part. pa._ confined, fastened in, barred in, 2439. We have met with this word only in one instance, where Ritson leaves it unexplained.

Yn al this [tyme] was sir Ywayn
Ful straitly _parred_ with mekil payn.

_Yw. and Gaw._ 3227.

[It is undoubtedly equivalent to O.E. _sperre_, or _spere_. Halliwell, s.v. _Parred_, quotes "[gh]e are _parred_ in . . . [gh]e are so _spered_ in." So, too, the Ital. _sbarra_ is the Fr. _barre_. Cf. A.S. _sparran_, O.N. _sperra_, Sc. _spar_. Hence the derivation of _park_, O.E. _parrock_, an enclosure.]

Pastees, _n. pl._ Fr. pasties, patés, 644.

Ther beth bowris and halles,
Al of _pasteiis_ beth the walles.

_Land of Cokaygne_, MS. Harl. 913, f. 5.

Pateyn, _n._ Lat. the Plate used in the service of the Mass, 187.

Paþe, _n._ S. path, road, 2381, 2390. _Paþes_, _pl._ 268.

Patriark, _n._ Lat. patriarch, 428.

Payed, _part. pa._ Fr. satisfied, content, 184. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br. _Apaied_, Chauc.

Pelle, _v._ drive forth (_intr._), hurry forth, 810. Deriv. uncertain, unless it be connected with Lat. _pello_, Eng. _impel._ Cf. Eng. _pelt_.

Peni, _n._ S. penny, 705, 2147. _Penies_, _pl._ 776, 1172.

Per, _n._ Fr. peer, equal, 989, 2241, 2792.

Pike, _v._ to pitch (used passively), 707. Teut. _pecken_, Lat. _picare_. The verb in Saxon is not extant, but only the n. _pic_.

Pine, _n._ S. pain, grief, 405, 540, 1374. Sir Tr. p. 12. V. Jam.

Pine, _v._ S. to grieve, 1958.

Plat. _See_ Plette.

Plattinde, _part. pr._ tramping along, moving noisily _or_ hurriedly, 2282. From the beating noise of the feet, like Sc. _platch_ (q.v. in Jam.). _See_ Plette.

Plawe, _v._ S. to play, 950. _Pleye_, 951.

Playces, _n. pl._ plaice, 896.

Pleinte, _n._ Fr. complaint, 134. _Pleynte_, 2961.

Plette, _v._ S. [_plæettian_] to strike, 2444. _Plat_, _pa. t._ struck, 2755. _Plette_, 2626; _pl. plette_, hurried, moved noisily, 2613. [Cf. _Plattinde_, and note the double use of Sc. _skelp_, to beat, to hurry, and O.E. _strike_, to beat, to move along.]

Plith, _n._ S. [_pliht_] harm, 1370, 2002. La[gh]am. l. 3897.

Poke, _n._ S. a bag, 555, 769. _Pokes_, _pl._ 780.

Poles, _n. pl._ S. pools, ponds of water, 2101.

Polk, _n._ S. pool, puddle, 2685. _Pow_, Sir Tr. p. 171. _Pulk_, Somersetsh.

Pouere, Poure, _adj._ Fr. poor, 58, 101, 2457, &c.

Pourelike, _adv._ poorly, 323.

Prangled, _part. pa._ compressed, 639. Cf. Du. _prangen_, to pinch; Dan. _prange Seil_, to crowd sail.

Preie, _pr. t._ S. pray, 1440. _Prey_, _imp._ pray (thou), 1343. _Preide_, _pa. t._ prayed, 209.

Prest, _n._ S. priest, 429, 1829. _Prestes_, _pl._ 2583.

Priken, _v._ S. to spur a horse, ride briskly, 2639.

Prud, _adj._ S. proud, 302.