Chapter IX: Book IX: 156 (3)

[Footnote 175: Dorothea Christophorowna Countess, later Princess de Lieven (1785-1855), _née_ von Blenkendorf. She was much sought after by the statesmen of her time: Castlereagh, Canning, Metternich were her friends; Lord Grey wrote to her every morning from his bed. She has been said to have had an intrigue with George IV. In Paris, where she settled after her husband's death, she became the Egeria of M. Guizot.--B.]

[Footnote 176: Éléonore Marquise d'Osmond, _née_ Dillon, wife of René Eustache Marquis d'Osmond, who was French Ambassador to London from 1814 to 1819.--T.]

[Footnote 177: General Christopher Andreiëvitch Count, later Prince de Lieven (_d._ 1839), Minister Plenipotentiary to Berlin (1810-1812), and Ambassador to London (1812-1834), Governor to the Tsarevitch, later Tsar Alexander II. (1834-1839).--T.]

[Footnote 178: Madame de Lieven migrated to Paris after the death of her husband in 1839.--T.]

[Footnote 179: Guizot made it a rule of his life to call daily on Madame de Lieven in Paris.--B.]

[Footnote 180: Edward Adolphus Seymour, eleventh Duke of Somerset (1775-1855).--T.]

[Footnote 181: Louis-Philippe appointed Marshal Soult, on the 23rd of April 1838, Ambassador Extraordinary to England for the coronation of Queen Victoria. The population of London accorded the marshal an enthusiastic reception, and he was lionized wherever he went. The coronation of Victoria took place on the 20th of June 1838.--B.]

[Footnote 182: Antipater (_d._ 319 B.C.), a Macedonian general, acted as Viceroy of Macedon and Greece during Alexander's absence, governed for some time after Alexander's death, defeated the Athenians at Cranon, and had just been appointed regent during the minority of Alexander's children when he himself died.--T.]

[Footnote 183: Antigonus (_circa_ 382 B.C.--301 B.C.), surnamed Cyclops, another of Alexander's captains, who shared the latter's empire after his death, and for six years called himself King of Asia, until overthrown and slain at the Battle of Ipsus.--T.]

[Footnote 184: Seleucus I. Nicator(354 B.C.--281 B.C.), one of Alexander's best officers, proclaimed King of Syria, and finally of Macedon, Thrace and Asia Minor. He was killed by Ptolemy II. Ceraunus in 281 B.C.--T.]

[Footnote 185: Antiochus I. King of Syria (_circa_ 323 B.C.--261 B.C.), surnamed Soter, son of Seleucus Nicator, whom he succeeded.--T.]

[Footnote 186: Ptolemy I. King of Egypt (_d._ 283 B.C.), also surnamed Soter, another of Alexander's officers, received Egypt as his share of the Macedonian Empire and assumed the title of King in 308 B.C.--T.]

[Footnote 187: Antonio Canova (1757-1822), the Italian sculptor, long protected by Napoleon.--T.]

[Footnote 188: Frederick Duke of York, titular Bishop of Osnaburg (1763-1827), second son, and one of the most scandalous, of George III.--T.]

[Footnote 189: On quitting office, the Duc de Richelieu had intended to make a journey to Vienna and Odessa in the spring of 1822. Before leaving, he went to spend some time at the Château de Courteille, with his wife and mother-in-law. There he was taken ill; and hastened back to Paris, where he had scarcely arrived when he was attacked by a congestion of the brain. He died on the 17th of May 1822, at the age of fifty-five years and eight months.--B.]

[Footnote 190: Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, third Marquess of Lansdowne (1780-1863), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1806-1807), Home Secretary (1827-1828), Lord President of the Council (1830-1834 and 1846-1852), a member of the Cabinet (1852-1858), and a knight of the Garter.--T.]

[Footnote 191: Sarah Siddons (1755-1831), _née_ Kemble, the famous actress, was 67, not 73, years of age in 1822. She made her first appearance in 1782, her last in 1812. Lady Macbeth was her greatest part.--T.]

[Footnote 192: Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, Duc de Guiche (1755-1836), had served in the Bodyguard, as Captain Gramont, before the Revolution. On the Restoration, he was created a peer of France. The Duc de Guiche consented to take the oath to the Government of July and remained in the Upper Chamber till his death.--B.]

[Footnote 193: Madame la Duchesse de Guiche was a daughter of the Duchesse de Polignac.--B.]

[Footnote 194: Charlotte Marie Antoinette Léontine Vicomtesse de Noailles (1791-1851), _née_ de Noailles-Mouchy, married, in 1809, to her cousin Alfred Louis Dominique Vincent de Paule Vicomte de Noailles, who was killed at the Battle of the Beresina in 1812.--B.]

[Footnote 195: James de Rothschild (1792-1868), youngest son of Mayer Anselm Rothschild of Frankfort, and created a baron of the Austrian Empire in 1822.--T.]

[Footnote 196: John Russell, sixth Duke of Bedford (1766-1839), Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (1806-1807), and a knight of the Garter (1830).--T.]

[Footnote 197: Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, first Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (1776-1839), created a knight of the Garter (1820) and a duke (1822) by George IV.--T.]

[Footnote 198: Christian Prince, later Christian VIII. King of Denmark and, _de jure_, of Norway (1786-1848), succeeded to the throne of Denmark on the death of his cousin, Frederic VI., in 1839. In 1814, when Norway was ceded to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel, he was proclaimed King of the former country, with the title of Christian I., by the Norwegians, who refused to accept the union with Sweden (May 1814). Unable to maintain his position against the Swedes, he relinquished the crown (October 1814). His son, Frederic VII., was the last Danish Sovereign of the House of Oldenburg.--T.]

[Footnote 199: Caroline Amelia Princess, later Queen of Denmark (1796-1881), daughter of Frederic Christian Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.--T.]

[Footnote 200: Cathérine Henriette Marquise de Verneuil (1583-1633), _née_ de Balzac d'Entragues, mistress to Henry IV. King of France, after the death of Gabrielle d'Estrées.--T.]

[Footnote 201: Françoise Marquise de Maintenon (1635-1719), _née_ d'Aubigné, mistress to Louis XIV., to whom she was married in 1684 or 1685.--T.]

[Footnote 202: Anne Marie Princesse des Ursins (_circa_ 1643-1722), _née_ de La Trémoïlle, married first to the Prince de Talleyrand-Chalais, secondly to the Duca di Bracciano-Orsini, or des Ursins, for many years the influential favourite of Philip V. King of Spain and his first Queen.--T.]

[Footnote 203: Dudley Ryder, first Earl of Harrowby (1762-1847), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1804) and Lord President of the Council (1812-1827).--T.]

[Footnote 204: Sir Robert Peel, second Baronet (1788-1850), Under-secretary for the Colonies (1810), Chief Secretary for Ireland (1812), Home Secretary (1828), First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister (1834-1835 and 1841-1846). Peel died on the 2nd of July 1850, through a fall from his horse while riding in Hyde Park.--T.]

[Footnote 205: John Fane, tenth Earl of Westmorland (1759-1841), Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (1790-1795), Master of the Horse (1795-1798), Lord Privy Seal (1798-1827) and a knight of the Garter (1793).--T.]

[Footnote 206: Henry Bathurst, third Earl Bathurst (1762-1834), President of the Board of Trade (1807-1812), Secretary for War and the Colonies (1812-1827), President of the Council (1828-1830) and a knight of the Garter (1817).--T.]

[Footnote 207: Allen Bathurst, first Earl Bathurst (1684-1775), the friend of Pope, Swift, Prior, Congreve and Sterne, and grandfather to the third Earl Bathurst.--T.]

[Footnote 208: STERNE, _Letters from Yorick to Eliza_, Letter III.--T.]

[Footnote 209: Lord Bathurst had two daughters, Lady Louisa Georgiana Bathurst, who died unmarried in 1874, and Lady Emily Charlotte Bathurst, who married in 1825 Major-General the Hon. Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby, K.C.B., and died in 1877.--T.]

[Footnote 210: Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of Liverpool (1770-1828), Foreign Secretary (1801-1804), Home Secretary (1804-1806 and 1807), Secretary for War (1809), Prime Minister (1812-1827), and a knight of the Garter (1814).--T.]

[Footnote 211: Charles Jenkinson, first Earl of Liverpool (1727-1808), Secretary for War (1778), Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1786-1802), Earl of Liverpool and Baron Hawkesbury (1796).--T.]

[Footnote 212: John Stuart, third Earl of Bute (1713-1792), Secretary of State (1761), Prime Minister (1761-1762), a knight of the Garter, and an exceedingly unpopular minister.--T.]

[Footnote 213: John Wilson Croker (1780-1857) was Secretary to the Admiralty from 1808 to 1830.--T.]

[Footnote 214: Sir William A'Court, second Baronet, later first Lord Heytesbury (1779-1860), Envoy Extraordinary to the Barbary States (1813), to Naples (1814), to Spain (1822), Ambassador to Portugal (1824), and to Russia (1828-1832). He was created Baron Heytesbury in 1828, and served as Viceroy of Ireland (1844-1846) and, later, as Governor of the Isle of Wight.--T.]

[Footnote 215: A jockey, or groom.--_Author's Note._]

[Footnote 216: Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), Comptroller-general of Finance under Louis XIV., increased the prosperity of France in a brilliant manner. At the same time he amassed a private fortune, amounting to some ten millions of francs, and, at his death, the populace, seeing in this fortune a proof of depredation, insulted his coffin.--T.]

[Footnote 217: I can find no record of any insult being offered at the funeral of Louis XIV. The obsequies of Louis XV., on the other hand, were certainly disturbed by riotous conduct on the part of the mob.--T.]

[Footnote 218: Sir Charles Stuart, later first Lord Stuart de Rothesay (1779-1845), Envoy to Portugal (1810), where he was created Count of Machico and Marquis of Angra, Minister at the Hague (1815-1816), Ambassador to Paris (1815-1830), raised to the peerage (1828), and Ambassador to St. Petersburg (1841-1845).--T.]

[Footnote 219: 25 August.--T.]

[Footnote 220: Victor Louis Charles de Riquet de Caraman, Marquis, later Duc de Caraman (1762-1839), created a peer of France in 1815 and appointed Ambassador to Vienna in 1816. In 1830, he rallied to the government that issued from the Revolution of July.--B.]

[Footnote 221: Charles Grey, second Earl Grey (1764-1845), First Lord of the Admiralty (1806), Foreign Secretary (1806-1807), First Lord of the Admiralty and Prime Minister (1830-1834), and a knight of the Garter. Lord Grey passed the first Reform Bill in 1832.--T.]

[Footnote 222: Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847), leader of the agitation in favour of Catholic emancipation (passed 1829), was elected to Parliament as member for Clare in 1828. He became leader of the Repeal Movement in 1840. It is interesting here to note that M. Biré speaks of Daniel O'Connell as an "admirable orator, an ardent patriot, a fervent Catholic: the Irish Liberator will be remembered as one of the greatest figures of this century."--T.]

[Footnote 223: William III., Stadtholder of the Netherlands and King of England (1650-1702).--T.]

[Footnote 224: Plato (429 or 430 B.C.--347 or 348 B.C.) often discoursed to his disciples on Cape Sunium, now Cape Colonna, which forms the south-eastern extremity of the Attic Peninsula. Minerva had a temple there, of which nineteen columns are still standing.--T.]

[Footnote 225: Epimenides (596 B.C.--538 B.C.), a pious Cretan, fabulously said to have slept for fifty years in a cave, to have lived three hundred years, etc.--T.]

[Footnote 226: _Congrès de Vérone, Guerre d'Espagne, Négociations, Colonies espagnoles._ Paris: Delloye, 1838. Two volumes, 8vo.--B.]

[Footnote 227: Alphonse Valentin Vaysse, Comte de Rainneville (1798-1864), was in 1824 chief of a department at the Ministry of Finance and one of M. de Villèle's ablest assistants. He sat in the Chamber of Deputies from 1846 to 1848, and retired from political life at the Revolution of February.--B.]

[Footnote 228: The phrase here reported by Chateaubriand was used, not by M. de Corbière, but by the Baron de Damas, Minister for War. _Cf._ the _Mémoires du Comte de Villèle._--B.]

[Footnote 229: Major-General Louis Justin Marie Marquis de Talaru (1769-1850), Ambassador to Madrid, in 1824, and a peer of France.--B.]

[Footnote 230: François Joseph Maximilien Gérard Comte de Rayneval (1778-1836), Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Berlin, in 1824, and, subsequently, Ambassador to Vienna and, under Louis-Philippe, to Madrid.--T.]

[Footnote 231: Chevalier de Bourgoing, First Secretary, and M. Adolphe Billecocq, Second Secretary of Legation in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 232: Ambassador to Vienna in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 233: Ambassador to Lisbon in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 234: French Secretary of Legation at the Hague in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 235: One year later, on the 3rd of July 1825, Hyde de Neuville, in his turn, informed his friend Chateaubriand that his embassy had been taken from him:

"My noble friend,

"You announced to me your departure from the ministry. I, in
my turn, inform you that I am no longer ambassador.

"They strike me because I have followed you. So much the
better, that will rivet our bonds of friendship; praise God
and bless the King!

"_The King can do wrong._

"Entirely yours,

"HYDE DE NEUVILLE."

He received the following reply:

"Bravo, my dear friend; let them blame men like you, and they
will not go far. I cannot offer you, in quarterly payments,
the five thousand francs which you had placed at my disposal;
but I have still a few china plates at your service, and if
you want them we will sell them.

"Poor France!

"Yours more than ever,

"CHATEAUBRIAND."--B. ]

[Footnote 236: Ambassador to Naples in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 237: Ambassador to St. Petersburg in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 238: The Chevalier de Fontenay, First Secretary of Embassy in St. Petersburg in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 239: The Vicomte de Pontcarré, Third Secretary of Embassy in St. Petersburg in 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 240: 16 September 1824.--T.]

[Footnote 241: 29 May 1825.--T.]

[Footnote 242: George Keith, tenth Earl Marischal (_circa_ 1693-1778), was sentenced to death for taking up arms for the Chevalier in 1715, took refuge in Spain, whence he commanded the Spanish expedition, was defeated at Glenshiel in 1719, and again fled to Prussia. Frederic II. appointed him Ambassador to Paris in 1751, and Governor of Neuchâtel in 1752. Here, in 1762, he gave his protection to Rousseau. He is generally known on the continent as Milord Maréchal.--T.]

[Footnote 243: "An earthenware cooking-pot, without feet, in which meat is noiselessly cooked, over a stove, the French Huguenots being said to have taken this precaution to avoid scandal on days when flesh-meat was forbidden" (Littré).--B.]

[Footnote 244: The County of Neuchâtel passed in 1707, on the death of Marie Duchesse de Nemours, the last of the Longuevilles, to Frederic I. King of Prussia, to whom it was guaranteed by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713. In 1806, Napoleon seized it and erected it into a principality for Marshal Berthier; in 1815, it returned to Prussia, while remaining a Swiss canton. Neuchâtel declared its independence in 1848; this independence was recognised by Prussia in 1857.--T.]

[Footnote 245: Isabelle Agnès de Sainte-Hyacinthe de Charrière (1745-1805), _née_ van Tuyll, author, under the pseudonym of the Abbé de La Tour, of the _Lettres Neuchâteloises_ (1784), _Caliste, ou Lettres écrites de Lausanne_ (1786), etc.--T.]

[Footnote 246: Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804-1869), the eminent French critic. His appreciation of Madame de Charrière occurs in his _Portraits de femmes_, published in 1844.--T.]

[Footnote 247: Characters in the _Lettres Neuchâteloises._--B.]

[Footnote 248: Louis Fauche-Borel (1762-1829), a Neuchâtel printer and Royalist agent. He devoted himself to the cause of the Bourbons and was repeatedly imprisoned under the Directorate and Consulate. He met with nothing but ingratitude from the Restoration and returned to Neuchâtel, where he lived in penury and at last put an end to his life in the manner stated by Chateaubriand.--T.]

[Footnote 249: Louis Comte de Pourtalès (1773-1848), Governor of Neuchâtel.--B.]

[Footnote 250: Clovis King of the Franks (465-511), founder of the French Monarchy, embraced Christianity and was baptised and crowned at Rheims at the hands of St. Remy, in 496.--T.]

[Footnote 251: Charles VII. King of France (1403-1461), surnamed the Victorious, defeated the English with the aid of Joan of Arc in 1429, and was crowned at Rheims in the same year.--T.]

[Footnote 252: Joan of Arc (1410-1431) was present at the coronation of Charles VII. on the 17th of July 1429. She was subsequently captured by the English and burned by them at the stake, on the 30th of May 1431, at Rouen.--T.]

[Footnote 253:

"I have come from my country
No taller than a boot,
With-a _mi_, with-a _mi_,
With-a my marmot."--T.

]

[Footnote 254:

"Ah, what will they say from the dust of the grave.
The generous spirits of sovereigns brave?
What will Pharamond say, Clodion and Clovis,
Our Pepins, our Martels, our Charleses and Louis,
Who by blood and by peril, a warrior band,
Have acquired for their sons such a beautiful land?"--T.

]

[Footnote 255: Pepin King of the Franks (_d._ 768), surnamed the Short, founder of the Second or Carlovingian Dynasty.--T.]

[Footnote 256: 28 May 1825.--T.]

[Footnote 257: Charles Louis Huguet, Marquis de Sémonville (1754-1839), had been sent to Constantinople as Ambassador by the Republic, was arrested by the Austrian Government on his way to his embassy (1793) and was, in 1795, exchanged, together with other members of the Convention, against the daughter of Louis XVI. He declared for Bonaparte and was employed by him; and, in 1814, was appointed Grand Referendary by Louis XVIII. Sémonville retained the functions under Charles X. and also under Louis-Philippe, resigning them in 1834, when he had completed his eightieth year.--T.]

[Footnote 258: Hyacinthe de Quélen, Archbishop of Paris (1778-1839), a member of the French Academy, had received his see in 1821. Monseigneur de Quélen was a man of saintly and charitable life, refused to acknowledge the Government of July, and suffered through the furious riot of 1831, when the Archbishop's Palace was wrecked.--T.]

[Footnote 259: Chateaubriand was a Knight Commander of the Holy Ghost and a Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour; Villèle a Knight Commander of the Holy Ghost and a Knight Grand Cross of St. Louis.--T.]

[Footnote 260: Adalbéron, Archbishop of Rheims (_d._ 988) and Chancellor of France under Lothair and Louis V., officiated at the coronation of Hugh Capet, in 987, and was raised by him to the position of Lord High Chancellor.--T.]

[Footnote 261: Jean Du Tillet, Bishop of Meaux (_d._ 1570), author of the _Chronicon de regibus Francorum_ (1545).--T.]