Chapter XXIV: Section 41: Botanical Characteristics. Structural and

Physical Peculiarities of Wood. Growth. Uses in the Orient.
Possibilities in America, etc. 190

_a._ Bamboo (Bambusæ vulgaris) 192

LIST OF PLATES.

Frontispiece. Live Oak (Quercus virginiana).

Plate 2. EXOGENOUS STRUCTURE IN WOOD--Yearly Rings or Layers.

Plate 3. EXOGENOUS STRUCTURE IN WOOD--Medullary or Pith Ray.

Plate 4. EXOGENOUS STRUCTURE IN WOOD--Cross-sections Enlarged.

Plate 5. Oak (Quercus alba).

Plate 6. Ash (Fraxinus americana).

Plate 7. Elm (Ulmus americana).

Plate 8. Maple (Acer saccharum).

Plate 9. Walnut (Juglans).

Plate 10. Hickory (Hicoria ovata).

Plate 11. Chestnut (Castanea dentata).

Plate 12. Beech (Fagus).

Plate 13. Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis).

Plate 14. Birch (Betula).

Plate 15. Locust (Robinia, Gleditsia).

Plate 16. Whitewood (Liriodendron tulipifera).

Plate 17. Black Willow (Salix nigra).

Plate 18. Catalpa (Catalpa).

Plate 19. Sassafras (Sassafras officinale).

Plate 20. Horse Chestnut (Æsculus hippocastanum).

Plate 21. Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua).

Plate 22. Holly, Boxwood, Lignumvitæ (Ilex), (Buxus, Cornus), (Guajacum).

Plate 23. Persimmon, Osage Orange, Cherry (Diospyros), (Maclura), (Prunus).

Plate 24. Teak, Greenheart (Tectona), (Nectandra).

Plate 25. Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni).

Plate 26. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus).

Plate 27. Pine (Pinus).

Plate 28. Kauri Pine (Dammara australis).

Plate 29. Black Spruce (Picea nigra).

Plate 30. Douglas Spruce (Pseudotsuga taxifolia).

Plate 31. Hemlock (Tsuga).

Plate 32. Larch, Tamarack (Larix).

Plate 33. Cedar (Cedrus, Thuya, etc.).

Plate 34. Cypress (Cupressus, Taxodium).

Plate 35. Redwood (Sequoia).

Plate 36. ENDOGENOUS STRUCTURE IN WOOD.

Plate 37. Palm (Palmaceæ).

Plate 38. Yucca (Yucca).

Plate 39. Bamboo (Bambusæ).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

NAMES AND LOCALITIES.

"Check List of Forest Trees of the United States, their Names and Ranges," Sudworth. (U. S. Forestry Bulletin No. 17.)

FEATURES OF TREES, BOTANIES.

Prof. Sargent's "Silva of North America"; Michaux and Nuttall's "North American Silva"; _Apgar's_ "_Trees of Northern United States_"; Publications U. S. Forestry Division; "_Our Native Trees_," _Keeler_; "Familiar Trees," Mathews; "Timber Trees and Forests of North Carolina," Pinchot & Ashe (N. C. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 6); "Report on Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts," Emerson; "Manual of Botany," Gray; "Plants," Coulter; "Illustrated Flora of U. S.," Britton and Brown; etc., etc. Botanical Gazette; Guide to Trees and Shrubs of New England by their Leaves, Bradley Whidder, Boston.

COLOR, APPEARANCE OR GRAIN OF WOOD.

_Jesup Collection at Museum of Natural History, New York City; Hough's American Woods (sections)._

STRUCTURAL QUALITIES AND USES OF WOODS.

_"Timber," Roth (Bulletin No. 10, U. S. Forestry Div.); Vol. IX, Tenth U. S. Census_; _Prof. Sargent's "Catalogue Jesup Collections"_; _Prof J. B. Johnson's "Materials of Construction"_; Prof. Thurston's "Materials of Engineering," Part I; Dr. F. E. Kidder's "Inspection of Materials and Workmanship." Allusions in numerous publications U. S. Forestry Division.

WEIGHTS AND MODULI.

_Circular No. 15, U. S. Forestry Division_; Prof. J. B. Johnson's "Materials of Construction"; Mr. S. P. Sharpless' Tables for the U. S. Census (Vol. IX, Tenth Census; also Executive Document No. 5, 48th Congress, 1st Session, and also _Sargent's "Catalogue Jesup Collection"_); Prof. Lanza's "Applied Mechanics."

AMERICAN SPECIES.

See foot-notes to species in question.

FOREIGN SPECIES.

_Thos. Lazlett's "Timber and Timber Trees"_; Report on Forests of Western Australia by J. Ednie Brown; Catalogue Kew Botanical Gardens, London; Works Baron Ferd. von Mueller; "American Lumber in Foreign Markets" (Special Consular Reports, Vol. XI, U. S. State Dept.); _Stevenson's "Trees of Commerce"_; also see foot-notes, species in question.

GENERAL.

_"Forestry for Farmers," Fernow_, and other U. S. Forestry Division Publications, Vol. IX, Tenth U. S. Census; _Hough's American Woods (text)_; The Forester; The Northwestern Lumberman; The (New Orleans) Lumber Trade Journal; The New York Lumber Trade Journal; The Timber Trades Journal (London); "Lumber Trade of U. S." (Bureau Statistics U. S. Treas. Dept.); Trees in Winter, Huntington.

HISTORICAL.

Brockhaus, Konversations-Lexikon; Pliny, etc.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES.

U. S. Dispensatory.

Books particularly useful to beginners are in italics. Names are repeated when books could not be particularly classed under one heading. Also see foot-notes under subjects in questions.

THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF WOOD.