Chapter CLIX: Act V (2)

_John-a'-dreams_ (Ham. ii. 2). This means evidently a stupid dreamy person; but the origin of the phrase is unknown.

_Judas' hair_ (As Y. L. iii. 4). It was the popular belief that Judas Iscariot's hair was red. It owed its origin probably to the dislike of red hair, which still prevails.

_Kam_ (Cor. iii. 1), crooked, awry. This is one of the very few English words borrowed from the Welsh or Irish language.

_Keech_ (1 H. IV. ii. 4, 2 H. IV. ii. 1, H. VIII. i. 1), the inside fat of an ox rolled up in a lump.

_Keel the pot_ (L. L. L. v. 2), cool the pot, probably by adding cold water to keep it from boiling over.

_Keep_ (M. for M. iii. 1, 1 H. IV. i. 3), dwell, reside. Hence the provincial and American _keeping_-(_i.e._ sitting-) _room_.

_Kerne_ (R. II. ii. 1, 2 H. VI. iii. 1, Macb. i. 2), sometimes joined with _Gallowglas_--the former denoting the light-, the latter the heavy-armed soldier of the native Irish. Barnabie Riche terms the kernes "the very dross and scum of the country, a generation of villains not worthy to live." "The _Gallowglas_," says Stanyhurst, "useth a kind of pollax for his weapon. These men are grim of countenance, tall of stature, big of limb, lusty of body, and strongly timbered. The _kerne_ is an ordinary foot-soldier, using for weapon his sword and target, and sometimes his piece, being commonly good marksmen."

_Kiln-hole_ (M. W. iv. 2, W. T. iv. 4). This is apparently the lower part of the malt-kiln, where the fire was. It would seem from these places that it was usual in those times to have private malt-kilns.

_Knave_, boy, lad, fellow, _cnâfa_ A.S., _Knabe_ Germ.

_Knife_ (2 H. IV. ii. 4, R. and J. iii. 1, Macb. i. 5). It appears to have been the custom in those times for women to carry a straight-handled knife in a sheath at their girdle, like a dagger. As we meet the term _wedding-knives_, it would seem to have formed part of the bridal array.

_Knot_, body, gang, party; a wavy bed in a garden.

_Lantern_ (R. and J. v. 3), a louvre, or turret full of windows for admitting or transmitting light.

_Lavolta_ (H. V. iii. 5, Tr. and Cr. iv. 4), a quick bounding dance for two persons. It would seem not to have been unlike the waltz of the present day.

_Leave_ (Two Gent. iv. 3, M. of Ven. v. 1), to part with, give away.

_Leg._ "Make a leg" (R. II. iii. 3, T. Sh. iv. 1), to make a bow or obeisance--from putting forward one leg and withdrawing the other.

_Leiger_ (M. for M. iii. 1, Cymb. i. 6), a resident ambassador, apparently from _liggan_, _ligg_, to lie, _i.e._ reside.

_Leisure._ Shakespeare, and apparently he alone, uses this word (R. III. v. 2) for brief time, and also (R. II. i. 1) for occupation, engagement.

_L'envoy_ (L. L. L. iii. 1), lines terminating a French ballad and conveying the moral, or an address to the person for whom the poem was intended.

_Lightning before death_ (R. and J. v. 3), the temporary reviving of the mental powers sometimes seen in sick persons a little before death. It may be so named from an analogy with lightning; but it more probably means relieving, easing.

_Light-o'-love_ (Two Gent. i. 2, M. Ado, iv. 3), the name of an old tune for dancing; no words to it are known.

_Line._ "Under the line" (Temp. iv. 1), _i.e._ at stake, a phrase of the tennis-court: "Let us keep the laws of the court--that is, stake money under the line (_sotto la corda_). Is it not so?--Yea, sir, you hit it right" (Florio, Second Fruits, ch. ii). Elsewhere in this play (iv. 1) _line_ is lime- or linden-tree.

_Line of life_ (M. of V. ii. 2)--in fortune-telling, one of the lines of the hand.

_Lipsbury pinfold_ (Lear ii. 2). Pinfold is a pound for cattle; but no place of the name of Lipsbury is known. As Nares observes, this is probably a coined name, like _Lob's pound_.

_Lock_ (M. Ado, iii. 3, v. 1), _i.e._ love-lock, a lock of hair plaited and tied with ribbon, hanging on the left side down to the shoulder, or even lower. It was greatly the fashion among the men of the poet's time, and much later. Prynne wrote furiously against it.

_Loggat_ (Ham. v. 1), a small log of wood. Steevens, of his own knowledge, describes the game of _loggats_ as played at sheep-shearing feasts. A stake was stuck in the ground, at which they threw loggats, and he that threw nearest to it was the winner; the prize was a black fleece. This he gave to the farmer's maid to make her a petticoat, on the condition of her kneeling down on it to be kissed by the company.

_Lord._ "Good lord" (All's Well, ii. 3; "dear lady," Temp. i. 2) is patron or protector of any one.

_Lord have mercy upon us!_ (L. L. L. v. 2), the inscription put on houses where the plague was, to warn people against entering them.

_Lord's sake._ "For the Lord's sake!" (M. for M. iv. 3). This was the word of prisoners for debt from the prison window, calling on the passers-by to give them some relief.

_Lose_ (H. V. iv. 1), waste, employ without gaining by it. So also _loss_ (M. for M. ii. 4) is mere employment, or occupation--waste, as it were.

_Lots to blanks_ (Cor. v. 2). Here _lot_ is used in the sense of prize in a lottery.

_Love in Idleness_ (M. N. D. ii. 1), the pansy, _Viola tricolor_.

_Lover._ This word was sometimes used where we should now say friend, as in Jul. Cæs. ii. 3, iii. 2, v. 1, Cor. v. 2.

_Luxury_ (Ham. i. 5, Lear, iv. 6, Tr. and Cr. v. 2), lechery, lewdness, fornication, the _luxuria_ of the schoolmen, _lussuria_ It.

_Magnifico_ (M. of V. iii. 2, Oth. i. 2), a title given to the nobles of Venice.

_Magot-pie_ (Macb. iii. 4), magpie. It is the French _Margot-pie_, just like our Madge-howlet, Jack-daw, Tom-tit, etc.

_Mall._ By "Mistress Mall" (Tw. N. i. 3) is probably meant merely a lady, without any particular allusion.

_Man_ (T. Sh. iv. 1)--in falconry, tame a haggard or wild hawk, by making her submissive to the _man_ or keeper.

_Mammet_ (1 H. IV. ii. 3, R. and J. iii. 5), doll, puppet. It is probably the same as _maumet_, idol, image (from _Mahomet_?).

_Mandragora_ (Oth. iii. 3, A. and C. i. v), the mandrake, a strong narcotic or soporific.

_Mandrake_ (R and J. iv. 3, 2 H. IV. i. 2, iii. 2, 2 H. VI. iii. 2). From its root being forked, and bearing some resemblance to the legs and thighs of a man, some superstition was attached to it, such as its groaning when pulled out of the ground, and causing madness or death to the person who pulled it.

_Mankind_ (W. T. ii. 3, Cor. iv. 2), masculine (of a woman).

_Manner._ "Taken with the manner" (L. L. L. i. 1, 1 H. IV. ii. 4), to be caught in the fact, with the stolen goods upon him. It was a law-phrase, the proper term being _mainour_, from _manier_, Fr., derived from _main_.

_Manningtree-ox_ (1 H. IV. ii. 4). This town in Essex used to hold fairs, by the tenure of exhibiting stage-plays; and there were great festivities there at Whitsun-ales and other festal times, at which probably--for we have no account of it--oxen used to be roasted whole, etc.

_Mantuan_ (L. L. L. iv. 2), a Carmelite friar of the 15th century, who wrote several works, among which were Latin Eclogues, in imitation of those of Virgil. This last was a school-book in our poet's time; and the words quoted are the beginning of the first Eclogue.

_Marchpane_ (R. and J. i. v), a confection of almonds, sugar, and flour pounded, blended, and baked, so as to form a kind of biscuit. The name occurs in most European languages, but its origin is uncertain.

_Mare._ "Riding the wild mare" (2 H. IV. ii. 4) is playing at the game of see-saw or weighdy-buckety--_bascule_, Fr.

_Marian._ "Maid Marian" (1 H. IV. iii. 3) was in the ballads the bride of Robin Hood. She was a character in the morris-dances, and was frequently represented by a man, but more usually by a woman of ill life.

_Martlemas_, i.e. _Martinmas_ (2 H. IV. ii. 2), Nov. 11, St. Martin's day, the beginning of winter, the decline of the year.

_Maze._ "The quaint mazes in the wanton green" (M. N. D. ii. 2) may perhaps have been merely the fairy rings; but there was in many places what was called a Maze or Troy town, or Walls of Troy, in which young people used to run for amusement. "They are generally," says Stukely, "upon open green places by the sides of roads or rivers, upon meadows or the like, near a town." For descriptions of them see Notes and Queries, 3 S. x. 283, 398.

_Meacock_ (T. Sh. ii. 1), a tame, dastardly person. Its most probable derivation is _meekock_, perhaps its original form (_-ock_ being a diminutive, as in _hillock_, _bullock_, etc.).

_Measure_ (L. L. L. v. 2, As Y. L. v. 4), a stately, slow dance, like the minuet of the last century.

_Meazle_ (Cor. iii. 2), leper (_mesel_, _meseau_ Old Fr.; from _misellus_?).

_Medicine_ (All's Well, ii. 1, W. T. iv. 3), physician (probably _médecin_, Fr.).

_Mephistophilus_ (M. W. i. 1), the well-known spirit or familiar in the story of Dr. Faustus. In Marlowe's play on the subject he was probably represented as very slender in person.

_Merchant_ (R. and J. ii. 4) was used as we now use _chap_ (_i.e._ chapman), in _my chap_, a _saucy chap_, etc.

_Merry_, cheerful, pleasant; the adj. of _mirth_. Hence _merry_ (_i.e._ pleasant) England.

"That made hem in a cite for to tarie,
That stood ful _mery_ upon a haven side."
Chauc. Tale of Nonnes Prest.

"I wol you telle a _mery_ tale in prose"
(Id. Prol. Person's Tale),

where the "mery tale" is a sermon.

_Mess_ (L. L. L. iv. 3, 3 H. VI. i. 4), a set of four persons at a meal, the party being arranged in fours. It is probably the Spanish _mesa_, table.

_Milliner_ (1 H. IV. i. 3), a man who carried on the business now appropriated to women; probably from _Milan_.

_Mobled_ (Ham. ii. 2), having the face covered. "The moon doth _mobble_ up herself" (Shirley, Gent. of Venice). Its derivation is uncertain; but it may be connected with _muffle_.

_Mock-water_ (M. W. ii. 3) may allude to the usage of judging of diseases by the urine; but it is uncertain.

_Modern_ (As Y. L. ii. 7, iv. 1, All's Well, v. 3, Macb. iv. 3), common, trivial, such as we may meet with every day. _Modern_ comes from _hodiernus_.

_Monarcho_ (L. L. L. iv. 1). "Monarcho the Italian" (Nash, Have with You, etc.). "Monarcho that lived about court" (Meres, Pal. Tamia).

_Month's mind_ (Two Gent. i. 2). This was originally a service in the church for the soul of a person deceased, performed a month after his death, in mind, _i.e._ remembrance, of him. After the Reformation, when such a usage ceased, the phrase still remained; and as _mind_ signified inclination as well as memorial, it came to signify a great longing which had, as it were, lasted a month. This seems to be the simple explication.

_Mops and mowes_ (Temp. iii. 3, Cymb. i. 7), ridiculous distortions of the face and body. _Mop_ may be only a corruption of _mock_, and _mow_ of _mouth_--we still say _make mouths_--or the French _moue_, which has the same sense.

_Moral_ (T. Sh. iv. 4, M. Ado, iii. 4), meaning, as in the _moral_ of a fable. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 4, it seems to be the same as _motto_.

_Morris_ (A. Well, ii. 2), _i.e._ morris-dance, as it were Moorish dance, an amusement on May-day, which was long kept up, but confined to the chimney-sweeps, in London. Its chief characters were Maid Marion, Friar Tuck, the Clown, the Hobby-horse, etc.

_Mort of the deer_ (W. T. i. 2), notes blown on the horn on the death of the deer.

_Motion_ (Two Gent. ii. 1, W. T. iv. 2), puppet, puppet-show, as being _moved_ and put in action by strings.

_Motley_ (As Y. L. ii. 7), the dress of Fools, as formed of divers colours.

_Mousehunt_ (R. and J. iv. 4), a name of the stoat; but here it seems to be used ambiguously as a hunter of mice, _i.e._ women, for whom _mouse_ was a term of endearment.

_Murdering-piece_ (Ham. iv. 5), a piece of ordnance placed in loop-holes of a castle or fortress, or the port-holes of a ship's forecastle, from which was discharged case-shot filled with bullets, nails, pieces of iron, etc. _Meurtrière_ (Fr.) is, loop-hole.

_Mutton_ (Two Gent. i. 1, M. for M. iii. 2). The single term, and that of _laced mutton_, mean a woman--in the opinion of critics in general, a woman of bad life; and Cole in his Dict. has "_Laced mutton_, scortum." Yet this may be questioned. In Molière's G. Dandin (iii. 14), the maid says to her mistress, of whose virtue she is the maintainer, _pauvre mouton!_ so that both in French and English _mutton_, i.e. sheep, ewe, may have been, like _lamb_, a term of endearment. "There's another goodly _mutton_ going" (Green's Tu Quoque), of a modest woman.

"A fine _lac'd mutton_
Or two; and either has her frisking husband,
That reads her the Corranto every week."
Jonson, Mask of Nep. Triumph.

Here, we have no reason to suppose that they were women of bad character. So also in Two Gent. it is of a lady of unblemished fame that _lac'd mutton_ is used. Speed calls himself "a lost mutton," and her "a lac'd mutton," where, by the way, we must pronounce "lac'd" _last_, or we miss the humour. It may be observed, as Nares and others have not seen it, that the allusion in _laced_ is to the lacing of the dress in front. Hence the frequent cry, _Cut my lace!_

_Nettle of India_ (Tw. N. ii. 5), a zoophyte, it is said, called _Urtica marina_, abounding in the Indian seas. "The flower of India, pleasant to be seen, but whoso smelleth to it, feeleth present smart" (Green, Card of Fancie), whence Shakespeare probably took it, would rather seem to indicate a plant.

_Nice_ (T. Sh. iii. 1, R. and J. v. 2), silly, trifling, from _niais_, Fr.

_Nicholas_ (Two Gent. iii. 1, 1 H. IV. ii. 1). This Saint appears to have had a double office,--the one as the patron of schools and learning, as he was celebrated for his piety and love of learning from his infancy; the other, we know not how, as the patron of thieves and highwaymen, who were called _St. Nicholas' clerks_.

_Night-gown._ This was the name of the night-dress of both women and men (Macb. ii. 2, Ham. iii. 4). It is still used, at least in the country, for night-dress. The night-gown was only used by persons of some rank and consideration; people in general went to bed naked, _buffing the blanket_, as it was termed in Ireland. It may be here observed that _gown_ was, like _gonna_, It., whence it is derived, used very extensively at that time. So we have _sea-gown_ (Ham. v. 1), for a sailor's outer coat, a pilot-coat, as we should now say.

_Nine men's morris_ (M. N. D. ii. 1). "In that part of Warwickshire where Shakespeare was educated, and the neighbouring parts of Northamptonshire, the shepherds and other boys dig up the turf with their knives to represent a sort of imperfect chess-board. It consists of a square, sometimes only a foot in diameter, sometimes three or four yards. Within this is another square, every side of which is parallel to the external square; and these squares are joined by lines drawn from each corner of both squares, and the middle of each line. One party, or player, has wooden pegs, the other stones, which they move in such a manner as to take up each other's _men_, as they are called; and the area of the inner square is called _the pound_, in which the men taken up are impounded. These figures are by the country-people called _Nine Men's Morris_ or _Merrils_, and are so called because each party has _nine_ men." (James, in Var. Shakespeare.) This, it must be confessed, is not very intelligible, and it is rather remarkable that Nares takes no notice of it. On the contrary, he says that Nine Men's Morris is "evidently only another name" for Nine-holes. In this he must be wrong, as the word _Morris_ shows; but Shakespeare may have confounded the two, and have meant Nine-holes, as would seem to be indicated by "filled up with mud."

_Nobody_ (Temp. iii. 2). "The picture of Nobody was a common sign. There is also a woodcut prefixed to an old play of Nobody and Somebody, which represents him" (Singer).

_Noddy_ (Two Gent. i. 1), a fool, or rather perhaps a nobody. "Thersites, the glorious _noddy_" (Puttenham).

"Ere you came here poor I was somebody,
The king delighted in me; now I am a _noddy_."
Dam. and Pith.

It may be connected with _noodle_. It was also a game at cards, something like cribbage, in which the knave was called _knave-noddy_, to which last, it may be, Speed alludes.

_Nonce_ (1 H. IV. i. 2), or Nones, is simply _ones_, _once_, with the paragogic _n_, and signifying that one time.

_Novum_ (L. L. L. v. 2), a game at dice, at which the full number of players would seem to have been five. As the principal throws were nine and five, it was named _Novemquinque_.

_Nuncle_, i.e. _uncle_ with the paragogic _n_, of which there were so many instances. In Lear, it is the term used by the Fool to the King; and in Fletcher's Pilgrim (iv. 1), Alinda uses it, when assuming the character of a fool; but this may have been a mere imitation of the Fool in Lear. _Uncle_ and _Aunt_ (M. N. D. ii. 1, W. T. iv. 2) may have been originally only names for elderly persons: the former at least is still used in this manner in Cornwall; and the American custom of so styling elderly negroes of both sexes may be a remnant of it.

_Nut-hook_ (M. W. i. 1, 2 H. IV. v. 4), a hook for pulling down the branches of nuts. It was, as in these places, used figuratively of a bailiff.

_Nutmeg._ "A gilt nutmeg" (L. L. L. v. 2), was a common gift at Christmas and other festivals.

_Object._ This word was used, of both persons and things, in the same manner as we now use _subject_. Of persons we still employ it with the ellipsis of _of pity_, as it seems to be used in Tim. iv. 3; but Shakespeare uses it also with that of _of love_. (Two Gent. ii. 4, Cymb. i. 7.) The French also used it in this sense (see Molière _passim_).

_One._ As this appears to be pronounced _on_ (Two Gent, ii. 1), it is assumed that such was its sound, but it was in fact pronounced as at present; for in the Contention, etc., the original of 2 H. VI., we have "all's _wonne_ (one) to me." In Chaucer's time it was sounded like _own_, for he always writes it _oon_, and it retains this sound in _alone_, _atone_, _only_.

_Or ere._ This should be _or e'er_; for _or_ is ere, before, and we have the full phrase _or ever_ in the Bible (Dan. vi. 24, Ps. lviii. 8) and elsewhere.

_Osprey_ (Cor. iv. 7). This bird of prey was supposed to exercise a kind of fascination over the fish which it captured.

_Out of God's blessing into the warm sun_ (Lear, ii. 2)--a proverb signifying from good to bad, the origin of which has not yet been shown.

_Overscutched huswives_ (2 H. IV. iii. 2) seems to mean the harlots who had been well whipped in the house of correction. _Scutch_ (same as _scotch_), to beat, to scourge, is still used of flax, and in Ireland of a mode of beating out wheat; _huswife_ or housewife, signified _hussy_, a corruption of it.

_Owch_ (2 H. IV. ii. 4). This word, whose origin is extremely obscure, seems to signify ornament, jewel, etc.

_Owl._ "The owl was a baker's daughter" (Ham. iv. 5). Douce says this is a common tradition in Gloucestershire. "Our Saviour went into a baker's shop, where they were baking, and asked for some bread to eat. The mistress of the shop immediately put a piece of dough in the oven to bake for him; but was reprimanded by her daughter, who, insisting that the piece of dough was too large, reduced it to a very small size. The dough, however, immediately began to swell, and presently became of a most enormous size; whereupon the baker's daughter cried out, _Heugh, heugh, heugh!_ which owl-like noise probably induced our Saviour to transform her into that bird for her wickedness."

_Painted cloth_ (As Y. L. iii. 2), _i.e._ cloth or canvas painted in oil, used like tapestry for hanging the walls of sitting-rooms and bed-chambers. It was both cheaper and more lasting than tapestry, and, like it, had stories and mottoes on it.

_Palabras_ (M. Ado, iii. 4) and _Paucas [pocas] palabras_ (T. Sh. Ind.) Sp., words, few words.

_Parish top_ (Tw. N. i. 3). It was the custom to keep a large whipping-top in each parish in the country parts for the peasantry to use in frosty weather to keep them warm with exercise.

_Partlet_ (W. T. ii. 3, 1 H. IV. iii. 3), the name of the hen in Chaucer's Tale of the Nonnes Prest--used in these places of a woman who, like her, gave advice, etc., to her husband.

_Passy-measure_ (Tw. N. v. 1), the Italian _passo mezzo_. It was a slow grave dance, correlative to the Galliard, but with only half the number of steps. It may have been the same as the Pavin (from _pavo_?), which is joined with it.

_Patch_ (C. of Err. iii. 1, M. of V. iii. 5, Macb. v. 3), fool. "Patch was the name of a Fool kept by Cardinal Wolsey, and who deservedly had the honour of transmitting his appellation to a very numerous body of descendants, he being, as Wilson observes in his Art of Rhetorique, 1553, 'a notable fool in his time'" (Gifford on Mass. New Way, etc. iii. 2). He may, however, have been so named from his dress.

_Path_ (J. C. ii. 1), to pace, walk, go along.

"_Pathing_ young Henry's unadvised ways."
Drayton, Duke Humphrey's Epistle.

"Where from the neighbouring hills her passage Wey doth _path_."
Id. Polyolb. ii.

_Pax_ (H. V. iii. 6), a piece of wood or metal, with the picture of Christ upon it, which was given to the people to kiss at the end of divine service.

_Pensioners_ (M. W. ii. 2, M. N. D. ii. 1). The band of Gentlemen Pensioners was instituted by Queen Elizabeth. It was composed of tall handsome young men, of rank and fortune, who were splendidly attired.

_Pict-hatch_ (M. W. ii. 2) is said to have been a noted tavern or brothel in Turnbull-street, Clerkenwell. The picked hatch or half-door with spikes (whence the name) was a common defence of brothels.

_Piece_, one, individual. It was, and is, used in English, French, and other languages, both of persons and things. So we say a piece of cannon, a fowling-piece, pieces of money, so much a-piece, _i.e._ to each, etc. A remarkable instance of this use of _piece_ occurs in the Roman de la Rose (ver. 16099), where it denotes the individuals of the various species formed by Nature.

"Voyez la bonne _pièce_ avec ses révérences!"
Corneille, Le Menteur, v. 5.

The critics are quite wrong in saying that when used of a woman it denoted bad character; for it was merely with an ellipsis of _of womankind_. Peele says of Helen before her elopement,

"Here, gentle shepherd, here's for thee _a piece_,
The fairest face, the flower of gallant Greece."
Arraign. of Paris, ii. 2.

"In hope to win that gallant flower of Greece,
Fair Helena, that brave and peerless _piece_."
War of Troy.

We also have,

"I had a wife, a passing princely _piece_" (Mirr. of Mag.);

"Well, she was a delicate _piece_" (Hon. Whore),

of a princess;

"All princely graces
That mould up such a piece as this is" (H. VIII. v. 5),

of Elizabeth, whom Wilson (Life of James I. p. 1) terms "a glorious and most happy _piece_ of sovereignty." We also meet with "_piece_ of virtue" (Temp. i. 2, Ant. and Cleop. iii. 2), "_piece_ of beauty, of enchantment" (W. T. iv. 3). It was also used of men:

"Of base and earthly _pieces_, like thyself" (Albumazar, iv. 7),

to a man;

"You're both the loveliest _pieces_" (Fletch. Love's Pilg. i. 1),

to men.

_Pin_ (L. L. L. iv. 1)--in archery, the black peg with which the _clout_ or _white_ was fastened in the middle of the butt.

_Placket_ (L. L. L. iii. 1, W. T. iv. 3). "_Torace_, the breast or bulk of a man; also the middle space between the neck and the thighs; also a _placket_, a stomacher" (Florio). This puts the meaning of this word beyond dispute. In Winter's Tale it signifies the part covered by it.

_Point-device_ (L. L. L. v. 1, As Y. L. iii. 2), precise, exact in dress and manners. It is said to be the French _point dévisé_; but there is no such phrase in French. It may be _point de vice_.

_Pomander_ (W. T. iv. 3), probably, as Minshew says, from _pomme ambre_. It was a ball, etc., often of silver, perforated, and containing perfumes; so that it would seem to answer to the present smelling-bottle. Perhaps it was the same as the pouncet-box (1 H. IV. i. 3).

_Poor-John_ (R. and J. i. 1), dried hake, a coarse kind of food.

_Porpentine_, a corruption of _porcupine_. Always the form used by Shakespeare; so Portingale for Portugal.

_Potatoes_ (M. W. v. 5). It is curious that this tuber, which had been lately brought to England, should have been regarded, as it was, as an incentive to venery.

_Pox_, i.e. pocks, were properly the pits or holes _poched_ or sunk in the face by the disease now called the _small-pox_, then simply the _pox_. Hence there was no indelicacy in its use by a lady (L. L. L. v. 2).

_Pride of place_ (Macb. ii. 4) seems to mean the greatest height to which a falcon flew, previous to making the stoop. _Place_ seems equivalent to _pitch_.

_Princock_, _princox_ (R. and J. i. 5), a pert forward youth. Perhaps _prince-cock_, little prince; _cock_ is a diminutive.

_Priscian_, a celebrated Latin grammarian. Blundering in grammar was termed breaking his head, hence "a little scratched" (L. L. L. v. 1).

_Prone_ (Cymb. v. 4), prompt, ready, unembarrassed.

"With bombard and basilisk, with men prone and vigorous."
Holme, Fall of Rebellion, 1537.

"To delude your subtle father.--I am _prone_ to it."
Mass. New Way, iii. 2.

In M. for M. i. 3, _prone_ is, perhaps, prepossessing, that makes one _prone_ or inclined to.

_Pun_ (Tr. and Cr. ii. 1), to pound, crush. It is the A.S. _punian_, and has been changed to _pound_, just as _hoise_ has become _hoist_.

_Puppet._ "The puppets dallying" (Ham. iii. 2) seems to mean the apparent motion of the babies in the eyes, _i.e._ the reflections of objects on the outer part of the pupil.

_Putter-out_ (Temp. iii. 3), one who, on going on his travels, placed in the hands of some one a sum of money, on condition of receiving three, four, five, etc. times that sum in case of his safe return. It was a very common practice in those days.

_Quail_ (Tr. and Cr. v. 1) is used figuratively of a loose amorous woman, the quail being regarded as an amorous bird. _Bevy_ was used alike of quails and of women.

_Quality_, profession, occupation (Ham. ii. 2), chiefly the dramatic; the persons of it (Temp. i. 2).

_Quarry_ (_curée_, Fr., _curata_, It. See Bocc. Thes. vii. 76, Orl. Inn. ii. 10, 60), properly the entrails of the game, the part given to the hounds; a heap or pile of slaughtered game (Ham. v. 2, Macb. iv. 3, Cor. i. 1). It was also used of the game itself even while afoot.

_Quern_ (M. N. D. ii. 1), a hand-mill; but in this place Shakespeare evidently uses it for _churn_.

_Quiddit and quillet_ (Ham. v. 1). The first of this is a corruption of the scholastic _quidditas_, and denotes a subtle distinction; the second is the same as _quibble_, whence _quip_, and is a corruption of _quidlibet_.

_Quietus_ (Ham. iii. 1), "a word used by the Clerk of the Pipe and Auditors of the Exchequer, in their acquittances or discharges given to accountants, usually concluding with _abinde recessit quietus_; which is called _Quietus est_" (Reed, note in Dodsley's Old Plays).

_Quinapalus_ (Tw. N. i. 5). This and Pigrogromitus, etc., afterwards (ii. 2) used by the Clown, are probably mere words invented by the poet, like the foreign language in All's Well.

_Quintaine_ (As Y. L. i. 2). The quintaine here alluded to seems to be the simpler one in use in the poet's time. It was formed by a cross bar turning with a pivot on a pole, at one end of which was a figure, at which the player was to run with his lance, and at the other a sand-bag, which would give him a hard blow, if he struck so as not to be out of the way when it came round by the revolution of the bar. A quintaine is still to be seen at Offham Green, in Kent.

_Rabato_ (M. Ado, iii. 4), a kind of ruff or collar, _rabat_, Fr. from _rabattre_, to throw back. It is said to have been originally merely the collar of the shirt turned back, as was the case with boys' shirts some years ago.

_Rascal_ (As Y. L. iii. 3, 1 H. VI. iv. 2) "is properly the hunter's term given to young deer, lean and out of season" (Puttenham). This is the sense in which this word is usually understood; but on the other hand we have, in the Return from Parnassus, 1666, "I caused the keeper to sever the _rascal-deer_ from the _bucks of the first head_. Now, sir, a buck is in the first year a _fawn_; the second year a _pricket_; the third year a _sorrel_; the fourth year a _soare_; the fifth a _buck of the first head_; the sixth year a _complete buck_."

"A new park is a-making there, to sever
Cuckolds of antler from the rascals."
Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 2.

It would therefore appear that the _rascal_ was simply the deer that had not yet reached his fifth year, and perhaps the word was _raw_ (immature) _skull_. It was used metaphorically in our poet's time as now. Fletcher uses it more than once of a woman.

_Ready._ This word frequently signifies dressed, and _unready_ undressed.

"Bid my wife make her _ready_ handsomely,
And put on her best apron."
Queen of Corinth, ii. 4.

"'Tis late; good aunt, to bed: I am e'en unready."
Island-Princess, iii. 3.

In 1 H. VI. ii. 1 we have, "half ready and half unready," _i.e._ drest and undrest; and in Macb. ii. 3, "manly _readiness_" for men's clothes. To _ready_ the hair is still used in some places for combing and arranging it.

_Recheat_ (M. Ado, i. 1), notes played on the horn to call off the dogs.

_Regiment_ (Ant. and Cleop. iii. 6), government, rule; (R. III. v. 3) body of troops, separate command.

_Region_ (R. and J. ii. 2, Ham. ii. 2), the air. The space between the lunar sphere and the earth was divided into the region of air and the region of fire; the air was the region _par excellence_, as nearest to the earth. See _Element_.

_Rest._ The phrase "set up rest" (All's Well, ii. 1, M. of V. ii. 2, W. T. iv. 3, R. and J. iv. 5) in these plays is figurative, derived from gaming, chiefly at the game of cards called Primero. As this game came from Spain it brought, like Ombre, its terms with it, and _rest_ was the Spanish _resto_, which meant not, as is usually supposed, the stake, but the bet or wager, which appears to have been made by the players only. "What shall we play for?--One shilling _stake_ and three _rest_" (Florio, Second Fruits). The Spanish phrase for laying a wager, or making a bet at play, was _echar el resto_, put or throw down the sum betted; and this became in English _set up the rest_. The reason perhaps was because this phrase was already in use in a military sense, as the matchlock guns, on account of their weight and the mode of firing them, required a rest or support. The phrase was also used (R. and J. v. 3, Lear, i. 1) for making one's abode.

_Restie_ (Cymb. iii. 6), "dull, heavy, idle, inert" (Bullokar).

_Revels_ (H. VIII. i. 4) seems in this place to be what was called mixed dancing, in which both sexes partook. "Here they take forth the ladies and the _revels_ begin" (Jonson, Masque of Lethe). Its general signification, however, was sports and amusement of any kind. It comes from _réveiller_, Fr.

_Riming rats to death_ (As Y. L. iii. 2). There is abundant evidence of the belief that in Ireland rats could be killed by metrical charms. This notion would seem to have been common to the whole Celtic race; for M. Villemarqué (Barzaz Breiz, i. 1xx.) says that when some bad verses were made relating to the cholera in Bretagne, an old peasant observed "au fond, peu importe; l'essentiel était que le choléra fût _chansonné_. Il l'est; la chanson fera fuir la peste."

_Roast._ "Rule the roast" (2 H. VI. i. 1) was probably used originally of cocks, the proper term being _roost_, as it perhaps was here, where it is printed _rost_. It would thus be similar to Cock of the Walk.

_Rosemary_ (W. T. iv. 3, Ham. iv. 5). This plant, for some unknown reason, was held to be a symbol of remembrance, and was used at weddings and funerals.

_Rouse_ (Ham. i. 4). See _Carouse_.

_Rue_ (W. T. iv. 3, R. II. iii. 4, Ham. iv. 5) was called _herb of grace_, probably from its resemblance to _rue_, pity.

_Sack_ (2 H. IV. 1, _et alib._). There can be no doubt that this celebrated wine was nothing else but what is now called _sherry_, _sherris-sack_, as Falstaff terms it. _Sack_ is _seco_, Sp., as it was a _dry_ wine; sherry is from the town of Xeres, the guttural _x_ being as usual pronounced _sh_. See Naress' long article _Sack_.

_Sackerson_ (M. W. i. 1), a celebrated bear at Paris-garden, named, as was the custom, after the bear-ward.

_Safe_ (Temp. iii. 1, M. for M. i. 1, K. John, iv. 2, Macb. i. 4), secure, from which there is no danger, that may be relied on.

_Sanctify_ (Cor. iv. 6), to bless, make the sign of the cross.

_Seel_ (Oth. i. 3, Macb. iii. 1), to close the eye-lids of a hawk by passing a fine thread through them, with a view to making it tame.

_Sennet_, _sinnet_, _cynet_, _signate_, a set of notes on the trumpet or clarion, usually employed to denote the approach of a person of rank. It is perhaps only a corruption of _sonata_, It.

_Servant._ In the gallantry of those days _servant_, as the correlative of _mistress_, denoted the lover. It came from the French _serviteur_, which occurs in this sense continually in the Nouvelles of the Queen of Navarre. In Italian 'cavalier servente' is hardly yet out of use.

_Setabos_ (Temp. i. 2). "The giants [Patagonians], when they found themselves fettered, roared like bulls, and cried upon their great devil, Setabos, to help them" (Eden, Hist. of Travel, 1577).

_Shard_ (Ham. v. i), a piece of broken pot, tile, etc. This word has also two other senses--namely, a piece of cow-dung, and a scale, the latter only in these lines of Gower:

"He mighte noughte that serpent dere;
He was so _scherded_ all aboute."
Conf. Am. v.

"She sigh her thought a dragon tho',
Whose _sherdes_ shinen as the sonne."
Ib. vi.

And it is a question in which of these senses Shakespeare understood _shard_ (Ant. and Cleop. iii. 2, Macb. iii. 2, Cymb. iii. 3) when speaking of the beetle. In the first "they were his _shards_ and he their beetle," the cow-dung, though the beetle's natal place, could hardly be meant, as he had then to do with only one shard; while supposing the wing-cases to be meant, the sense is plain: in the second "the _shard-borne beetle_" is ambiguous; for _born_ and _borne_ were the same word: in the third, "the _sharded_ beetle" can only mean properly the beetle that has shards, and it is opposed to "the full-wing'd eagle." The fact, then, seems to be that the poet took this word from Gower, and applied it to the wing-cases of the beetle, which he supposed to be the wings, a piece of ignorance in zoology not to be wondered at in one who asserted (M. of Ven. v. 1) that the nightingale does not sing by day.

_Sheriff's post_ (Tw. N. i. 5). It was the custom to have painted posts at the doors of city magistrates, on which proclamations, etc. were put up.

_Shove-groat_, a kind of game. "It requires," says Strutt, "a parallelogram to be made with chalk, or by lines cut upon the middle of a table, about 12 or 14 inches in breadth, and 3 or 4 feet in length; which is divided latitudinally into nine equal partitions, in every one of which is placed a figure in regular succession from one to nine. Each of the players provides himself with a smooth halfpenny [formerly a groat or shilling] which he places upon the edge of the table, and striking it with the palm of his hand drives it towards the marks; and according to the value of the figure affixed to the partition wherein the halfpenny rests his game is reckoned; which generally is stated at thirty-one, and must be made precisely. If it be exceeded, the player goes again for nine, which must also be brought exactly, or the turn is forfeited; and if the halfpenny rests upon any of the marks that separate the partitions, or overpasses the external bounderies, the go is void."

_Shrew._ This well-known word is used of men also in Chaucer, signifying, a bad, a wicked person: in its later restriction to women it is nearly synonymous with _scold_. It would seem to come from some lost Anglo-Saxon verb--of which we have a trace in _beshrew_--akin to the German _schreien_, to cry out, scream. _Shrewd_, now used only in the sense of mental acuteness, signified (H. VIII. v. 2) ill, malicious.

_Side._ "Carry out a side" (Lear, v. 1), means win a game at cards, as "pull down a side" was to lose it. It would seem that these phrases were only used of games where there were partners. _Sides_ is still used of athletic games where there are two parties.

_Sink-apace._ See _Galliard_.

_Skains-mate_ (R. and J. ii. 4). Perhaps the best interpretation of this unusual term is common woman, whore, who, like Doll Tearsheet (2 H. IV. ii. 4), usually carried a knife. _Skain_ is the Irish _sgian_, knife.

_Sleave, and sleave-silk_ (Macb. ii. 2, Tr. and Cr. v. 1), the soft floss silk before it is twisted.

_Sleeve-hand_ (W. T. iv. 3), cuff or wristband. In the same place _square_ is the part covering the bosom:

"Her curious _square_, emboss'd with swelling gold,
Between her breasts the cruel weapon rives."
Fairf. G. of Bul. xii. 64.

_Slip._ See _Counterfeit_.

_Soft, soft you._ These expressions, which so frequently occur, are verbs; _soft_ coming from _soften_, as _haste_ from _hasten_. The meaning is relax, stop, hold back. It may be here observed that the hunting-term _soho_ is a combination of _soft_ and _hold_, both apocopated, meaning hold back, do not start the hare; and that _tallyho_ is _tarry, hold_, let the fox get off, give him law. In like manner _holla_ was a term used to a horse (Ven. and Adon., St. 48, As You Like it, iii. 2), to make him stop, stand quiet, and formed from _hold_ and, perhaps, _hard_.

_Span-counter_ (2 H. VI. iv. 3), a game played by boys with counters or pieces of money; but it is not well known in what manner. The span or distance between the thumb and the little finger when the hand is on the stretch, had of course something to do with it, as in _Three-hole-span_, a game at marbles.

_Speak_ (K. John, ii. 1, J. C. iv. 3, Cor. v. 3). Editors do not seem to have observed that in these and other places _speak_ is synonymous with _say_.

_Split._ "Make all split" (M. N. D. i. 2), was a common phrase, denoting violence of action; but the allusion is not exactly known. We say "split the sides" with laughter.

_Spoons_ (H. VIII. v. 3). It was the custom for the sponsors at a christening to make a present of spoons, named Apostle-spoons, because the handle was terminated with the figure of one of the Apostles. The spoons were usually of silver. The wealthy gave the entire dozen, others according to their means.

_Spy of the time_ (Macb. iii. 2). This most unusual phrase occurs only in this place. The meaning of _spy_ in it must be, exact information. It is very remarkable that Ariosto uses _spia_ in exactly the same sense:--

"Non ha avuto Agramante ancora _spia_,
Ch' Astolfo mandi una armata si grossa."
Or. Fur. xxxix. 79.

See also vii. 34, viii. 68, ix. 14, xxxvii. 90, I Suppositi, v. 6. Could Shakespeare have read Ariosto in Italian? _Spy_ does not occur in Harrington's translation; but Gascoigne renders _ebbero spia_ in I Suppositi by _had espial_. In Gower (Conf. Am. v.) we have

"My sone be thou ware with all
To seche suche micheries,
But if thou have the better _aspies_
In aunter."

_Stalking-horse_ (As Y. L. v. 4), either a real horse trained for the purpose, or the imitation of one carried by the sportsman by means of which his was enabled to get within shooting-distance of wild fowl.

_Statute_ (sc. staple, merchant) Ham. v. 1, a legal mode of securing a debt on the debtor's land. _Recognizance_ in the same place is an acknowledgment by the debtor for the same purpose; _fines_ and _recoveries_ were legal modes of cutting off an entail; _double voucher_ was connected with a recovery, two persons being required to _vouch_ for the tenant's title.

_Stell_ (Lear, iii. 7). It is very doubtful in what sense this verb is used here. It is usually supposed to be the same as _stellar_; but there is no instance of its use in that sense, while in Lucrece, st. 207, and in Son. xxiv. we have it in the sense of _place_, of which (except these passages of our poet) only the following instance has been given, and that of the subst., not the verb. "The said _stell_ of Plessis," Danet, Comines. _Stelle_ and _stel_ are the German and Dutch, _stead_ the English, for place.

_Sticking-place_ (Macb. i. 7). The best explanation of this seems to be that which supposes it to be the point to which the strings of musical instruments are screwed up in tuning.

_Stickler_ (Tr. and Cr. v. 9), one whose office it was, at single combats or trials of skill, to stand by and see fair play, and to end the matter when he deemed it right to do so. He bore a _stick_, whence the name. Like some other words it has somewhat changed its meaning, for it now means one who _contends_ for something.

_Stint_ (R. and J. i. 3, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5, Tim. v. 5), cease, stop, put an end to. "_Stint_ thy babbling tongue" (Jonson, Cynth. Rev. i. 1). "_Stint_ thy idle chat" (Marston, What You Will). "_Lacrimas supprimere_, to _stint_ weeping" (Baret, Alvearie).

_Strachy._ "The Lady of the Strachy" (Tw. N. ii. 5). What the allusion is here, and the meaning of _Strachy_ are alike unknown. Payne Knight conjectured that this word may be a corruption of _Stratico_, the title of the Governor of Messina; but this is very dubious.

_Stuck_ (Tw. N. iii. 5, Ham. iv. 7), seems to be a corruption of _stocco_, It., a rapier.

_Sword._ Swearing by the sword (W. T. ii. 3, Ham. i. 5), was in effect swearing by the Cross, as the hilt and blade were separated by a cross bar of metal.

_Take_ (M. W. iv. 4, Ham. i. 1, Lear, ii. 4), to strike, blast, infect. Here it is used in a causative sense, with an ellipsis of the object, as disease, etc.--_Take in_ (Ant. and Cl. i. 1, iii. 7, Cymb. iv. 2) is the same as the simple _take_. It is a mere translation of the Dutch _ennemen_, learned in the wars of the Low Countries.--_Take with_ (1 H. IV. ii. 4, R. and J. iii. 5), cause to understand, keep, as it were, in the same pace with.--_Take up_ (All's Well, ii. 3, 2 H. IV. i. 2), sc. money or things on credit.

_Tawdry_ (W. T. iv. 3), a corruption of Saint Audrey (_i.e._ Ethelred), the _t_ being, as was so frequently the case, transferred to the following word. A fair was held, chiefly at Ely, on St. Audrey's day (Oct. 17), at which toys, etc., were sold, among these a kind of silken necklaces, much worn by the country-maidens. We should perhaps say simply, lace; for Spenser has

"And gird your _waist_
For more fineness, with a _tawdry-lace_."
Shep. Cal. iv. 135.

_Tawny._ This is simply tanned, _i.e._ of a brown colour like that of tanned leather. Hence in 1 H. VI., the Bishop's men are in "tawny coats," _i.e._ coats of some variety of brown colour.

_Tear a cat_ (M. N. D. i. 2), an expression of ranting violence of which the origin is merely conjectural.

_Tennis._ The figurative expressions in these plays derived from this game are:--_Bandy_ (R. and J. ii. 5, Lear, i. 4 _et alibi_), to strike and drive the ball with the racket. _Hazard_ (H. V. i. 2) is, says Steevens, "a place in the tennis-court into which the ball was sometimes struck." _Chace_ (_ib._) is, says Douce, "that _spot_ where a ball falls, beyond which the adversary must strike the ball to gain a point or _chace_. At long tennis it is the spot where the ball leaves off rolling." Steevens quotes from Sidney's Arcadia, book iii. "Then Fortune--as if she had made chaces enow on the one side of that bloody tennis-court--went on to the other side of the line." Surely, according to this, with which Shakespeare agrees, a chace was not a _spot_. The _line_, it may be observed, ran along the court at right angles to the wall against which they played.

_Tercel_ (Tr. and Cr. iii. 2), and _tassel-gentle_ (R. and J. ii. 2), the male of the goss-hawk, _tiercelet_, Fr., so called, it is said, from being a _third_ less than the female, or, some say, as being one of three in a falcon's nest, the other two being always females. The epithet _gentle_ denoted its docility.

_Termagant_ (Ham. iii. 2), an imaginary being, in the old mysteries and moralities, usually associated with Mahound, _i.e._ Mahomet, and of a furious violent character. The word still remains, but in a somewhat different sense. It comes, it is said, from _Trivagante_, It., used in the same manner. May not the remote origin be _Ter_-(i.e. _Tris_-) _megistos_?

_Thewes_ (2 H. IV. iii. 4, Ham. i. 3, J. C. i. 3). In these places Shakespeare uses this term in a corporeal sense of the sinews and muscles, and he may have been the first who did so. It properly denotes the qualities of the mind, from _theaw_, A.S., and is akin to _Tugend_ Germ.

_Thread and thrum_ (M. N. D. v. i). The _thread_ is the warp in a web; the _thrum_, the tufts formed by the ends of the thread beyond the web. The two taken together therefore form the whole.

_Three-farthings_ (K. John, i. 1), pieces of silver coin of that value; of course extremely thin and liable to crack.

_Three-man song_ (W. T. iv. 3), a song for three voices. By way of a joke derived from this we have "_three-man beetle_" (1 H. IV. i. 2).

_Three-pile_ (M. for M. IV. 3, W. T. iv. 2, L. L. L. v. 2), the finest kind of velvet. The name alludes to something in its construction. From _pilum_? _Terciopelo_ is the Spanish for velvet.

_Tick-tack_ (M. for M. i. 3), same as tric-trac, a game similar to draughts. "This is the plain game of tick-tack, which is so called from _touch and take_; for if you touch a man you must play him, though to your loss" (Comp. Gamester, p. 113).

_Tide._ "A parted just at turning of the tide" (H. V. ii. 3). Here the critics tell us of a superstition connecting death with the tide of the sea. But as it is added "between twelve and one," I think we may take _tide_ in its original sense of, time.

_Tire_, in falconry (from _tirer_, Fr.). The hawk or any other bird of prey, was said to _tire_ on its food when it dragged or tore it to pieces. Shakespeare uses the word metaphorically (Tim. iii. 6, Cymb. iii. 4).

_To._ Like _zu_, G., _te_, D., this particle occurs continually in Shakespeare in the sense of _at_. "_To_ Milan let me hear from you by letters" (Two Gent. i. 1) is an instance generally not understood by the editors. See above, p. 343. It is also used with an ellipsis of _compared_ in Two Gent. ii. 4, Ham. iii. 1, and elsewhere.

_Toad_ (As Y. L. ii. 1). It was a notion in those times that the poor innocent toad had in the interior of his head a stone endued with great virtues, named _borax_ or _stelon_. See Fenton, Secret Wonders of Nature, 1569, and other authors. Perhaps the notion originated in the great brilliancy of the toad's eye, which may have been termed 'a jewel.'

"If I but once lay hands upon the slave,
That thus hath robb'd me of my dearest jewel (his eye)."
Lingua, v. 6.

_Tokens_ (L. L. L. v. 2, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8), the spots on the body denoting the plague. The house in which there was one or more persons who had them was shut up, and _Lord have mercy upon us!_ put over the door.

_Too._ This word occurs in the sense of _trop_, Fr., _i.e._ excessively, in Com. of Err. i. 2, L. L. L. ii. 1, Temp. ii. 2, and other places. For the difference of _trop_ and _too_, _assez_ and _enough_, see what I have written in Notes and Queries, 3 Ser. x. 430.

_Tray-trip_ (Tw. N. ii. 5), the name of some game, probably played with dice; but of which we have no description.

_Tribulacion._ "The Tribulacion of Tower-hill or the Limbs of Limehouse" (H. VIII. v. 3) are supposed to have been the names of two Puritan congregations.

_Triple_ (All's Well, ii. 1, Ant. and Cl. i. 1), third, one of three, a sense only to be found in Shakespeare.

_Troll-my-Dames_ (W. T. iv. 2), a corruption of the French _Trou-madame_, a game also called _Pigeon-holes_, our present bagatelle.

_Trossers_ (H. V. iii. 7), the tight, close-fitting pantaloons worn by the native Irish. Hence _trowsers_.

_Truckle-bed_ (M. W. iv. 5, R. and J. ii. 1), a bed on castors (_trochlea_) for the use of the servant, who lay in the same room with the master or mistress. During the day it was run under the state-bed, and at night was drawn out at the foot. It was also called _trundle-bed_.

_Truepenny_ (Ham. i. 5). Mr. Collier says he was informed that in the mining-districts of the Midland counties this term signifies a particular indication on the soil of the direction in which ore is to be found.

_Try with main-course_ (Temp. i. 1). "To hale the tack aboord, the sheat close aft, the boling set up, and the helm tied close aboord" (Smith, Sea Grammar, 1627).

_Tub_ (M. for M. iii. 2, H. V. ii. 1, Tim. iv. 3). It was one of the modes of curing the venereal disease to put the patient in a heated tub, where he was sweated, being at the same time fed on mutton roasted dry, etc.

_Tucket_ (H. V. iv. 2), the Italian _toccata_, a blast of the trumpet for a charge or advance.

_Turk Gregory_ (1 H. IV. v. 3). In this are united two objects of the utmost horror and fear, the Grand Turk and the famous Pope Gregory VII., as depicted by Foxe in his Book of Martyrs.