Chapter III: Front Matter (3)

230 Bhangra.--Eclipta, or Verbesina Prostrata. A small creeping plant; its flowers very minute. Some of them white, others of a dark color; the leaves small, in branches and leaves resembling the mint. Another species is called Kookur Bhangra; the plant of which is high, long, and large. It is found at the bottom of old walls. It is bitter, hot, pungent, and dry; cleanses the skin; cures affections of wind, phlegm, complaints of the eyes, pains in the head and Juzam. It forms an ingredient in many famous formulÊ. If it be dug up by the roots on a Sunday, and dried in the shade; washed seven times in the Bale sherbet, and as often dried in the shade; and as much as may be contained in the palm of the hand, be eaten daily by those afflicted with white leprosy and Juzam, the disorders will be removed. The seed bruised with black Till and sugar, and eaten, will strengthen the senses of hearing and seeing, and will promote longevity. If during the four rainy months, the Bhangra be used with the hurrha, bhaera, and anula, in equal parts, and a fourth part of peepul, every disorder will be removed, and the hair will become black.

In the Maadentezerrabad, it is said, that Bhangra is a shrub, like the Anjedan, but somewhat larger, of a purple or reddish color; disagreeable to the taste; hot, and dry. Of this there are three kinds: a yellow, green, and black; it improves the eye-sight, is beneficial in phlegm and swellings, white leprosy, Juzam, burns, and black spots in the face. Recent writers have said much of the virtues of the black kind; its seed is in its properties equal; beneficial in disorders of wind, phlegm, foulness of blood, blisters, and difficulty of breathing. If for 50 days nine masha be pounded, bruised, and taken in water, the hair will not become white. If the plant (black) be dried in the shade, and six masha be taken for two months, it will blacken the hair. It is the best external application for colouring the hair.--See Singia.

231 Phirrhud.--The name of a tree in India. Vermifuge; it cures flatulency, disorders of mucus and blood. An antidote to poisons; induces corpulency, and remedies seminal weakness.

232 Bhoje Puttur, called also Burje Puttur, (the birch bark.)--A tree common in Cashmere; the bark of which may be separated into numerous layers, like the talc, and each layer resembles paper.--The layers are variegated, and colored with straight lines; white and red. The Cashmerians use it as paper; in its medical properties, it is beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood; ear-ache, and possession by evil spirits. In India it is used for making hookah snakes; and if clothes be lined with it, it will prevent them from being stained with perspiration. In Persian, it is called Tooze.

233 Bhoum amulek.--The anula tree, without the principal root; it is bitter and astringent, cool, and producing flatulence; it allays thirst, cough, disorders of bile, blood, and phlegm; it cures marasmus, and is useful in hurts.

234 Phoje.--Cool and heavy, astringent and useful in bilious eruptions, and disorders from phlegm.

235 Pockurmool.--A root; bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic; useful in disorders of wind and phlegm, in fevers, swellings, difficulty of breathing, and in affections of the liver.

236 Bharingee.--The bark of a tree in the hills; bitter, pungent, hot, and dry; promotes appetite; remedies disorders of indigestion, swellings, cough, disorders of wind, phlegm, difficulty of breathing, fever, and pains in the uterus.

237 BhÊr.--The name for a sheep, called also Mendha.

238 Bhains.--The Buffalo, called also Mahaki.

239 Bheria.--The Wolf; also named Bhuddha. Its flesh is heavy, beneficial in disorders of wind, in affections of the eye, and clears the voice. Its teeth rubbed down in water forms an effectual application in specks of the cornea. This was used by my father with success. If the teeth be suspended from the neck of a child, it will preserve the child from the effects of an evil eye. A. Zeeb. P. Goorg.

240 Phunjeetuck.--A species of Loonia; a culinary green.

241 Bhuhira.--"Terminalia Bellerica, (Roxb. MS.) Beleric myrobalan. P. Beyleyleh." In taste it is astringent; grateful during the process of digestion; hot, dry, and beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and cough; strengthens the eyes, hair of the head, and the brain. It produces a slight degree of intoxication. A. Baleludje.

242 Bhelawj.--"Bela, Semicarpus Anacardium." It is astringent and sweet to the taste; hot and light. It promotes appetite; is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of the wind and phlegm; useful in dropsy, flatulence, Juzam, piles, diarrhoea, Badgola, fever, and white leprosy. It is vermifuge, and used in boils and eruptions. A. Bil‚do˙r.

I have found that its kernel used as an ingredient in a decoction intended to promote aphrodisia, (having used it myself,) is effectual; it strengthens the stomach and powers of virility, and cures colds beyond any other medicine.

A friend of mine had a very severe cold in his head, for which he had taken much medicine without relief. I first gave him the Nux Vomica to supplant the habit of eating opium, to which he had become addicted: from this he derived partial benefit; but it soon became as difficult to refrain from this as from the opium. I then gave him the kernel of the Bela made into pills with honey, and cured him of his disorder.

I also gave it to a woman who had a swelling on both sides of the uterus, which was daily increasing, and this it also cured.

In short, this is a drug, that when it agrees with the patient, no medicine is equal in efficacy; but when it disagrees, no drug is more prejudicial. It will be prudent not to give it to any one of a hot temperament.

243 Bhoom Kajoor.--A tree as tall as the Taar tree. The stem rough and serrated; the leaves only growing at the top; they are long and hard, and used in making mats. The tree is also called Pinkajoor. It is sweet, cool, and moist; it allays pain, and is an excellent application in bruises. It is beneficial in disorders of blood, wind, bile, and debility. The Pinkajoor is brought from Mooltan or Tattla, and in A. is called Rittub.

The Rittub, which is brought from Mecca, is aphrodisiac; strengthens the kidnies, back, tone of the stomach, and corrects a cold phlegmatic temperament. This is ascertained from experience. It also increases the volume of blood; but if much is used, it produces a fermentation therein, unless habit has rendered it innocent.

244 Bhehi.--"The Quince. The seed very mucilaginous, and excellent in diarrhoea and dysentery." A species of pear, of a yellow color.

245 Boochitter.--Some call it Beechitt˙r; it is cool and heavy, aperient, strengthening, increasing the three principal secretions. A. Jamarookh and Koombi; also Gagundool, vide K.

246 Bhuiteroor.--Whoever shall use this as their only food for one month, their youth will be prolonged, and their hair remain black. It will strengthen the solids, and give universal strength. If it be ate for 40 days, it will produce a sweet smell from the body. It is laxative, and in A. called Soonamookey. "Cassia Senna."

247 Bhoeperus.--A name of honey.

248 Bhang.--"Canabis Sativa;" a name for Kainib, called also Bidjia; it is pungent, bitter, hot, light, and astringent; it promotes appetite, cures disorders of phlegm, produces idiotism; is the cause of foolish speech and conduct, or in other words, it intoxicates; if used in excess it produces fever, and it increases all the deleterious effects of poison.

The author of the Dhar· Shekoi says, that when he was digging the foundation of a house in Bengal, he found a board, on which the effects of this drug was written, and on this it was recorded, that Mahadeo used constantly to eat of this, and that from its use, he derived the wonderful aphrodisiac power, with which he was gifted; he says he has tried it, and found it very beneficial.

Take of Bidjia 64 tolahs, when the sun is in the division Sirtaam, white sugar 32 tolahs, and pure honey 16 tolahs, cow's ghee 34 tolahs. First fry the Bidjia in the ghee, then add the honey in a boiling state, afterwards the sugar: use this in moderate doses daily, and when it has been used for two months, strength and intelligence will have become increased, and every propensity of youth restored; the eye-sight cleared, and all eruptions of the skin removed; it will prove an exemption from convulsions and debility, and preserve the bowels at all times in a state of order. It will likewise give an additional zest for food.

249 Bhoom Kudum.--A kind of Kudum.

250 Bhendi.--A very common vegetable of the culinary kind, from 2 to 3 inches in height: very mucilaginous. It is sweet; produces wind and phlegm; it diminishes bile; is diuretic, and increases the seminal secretion. "Hibiscus Esculentus."

251 Phaar.--The author of the Cashmee calls it the medicine of Shaik Furried, because it was a great favorite of his. It is common at Agra and Delhi; it is bitter, and difficult of digestion, and hot; it cures fever from phlegm and bile, also diarrhoea and indigestion, and cholicky pains in the bowels. Its virtues are many, but too numerous for the compass of this work. The people of Hindost'han use it as a culinary vegetable with much benefit.

252 Bhindale.--The name of Bhindal.

253 Phankra.--Mahomed Cassim says, that this tree is the D·rsheesh·n, and that the name of its bark is Kagphill; it is hot, and easy of digestion; it lessens the secretion of wind and phlegm. It is aperient, and corrects a bad taste in the mouth.

254 Bhapungi.--The author of the Cashmee says, that this is the Anjidan Roomi. It is pungent bitter, and hot, and is useful in removing coughs from phlegm, asthma, swellings, wounds, worms in the stomach, heat, and fever.

255 Phitkerrie.--"Sulphate of Alumine, Alumen. F. Alaun, G. Allume, I. Alumbre. S. Sphatica. Shan Shub, A." Pungent, astringent, transparent. It increases and clears the complexion; is beneficial in seminal weakness and dysuria, in all complaints of the vagina, in vomiting, and in thirst.

256 Bheroza.--Called also Gundha Bheroza, (Turpentine.) In its properties it approaches the Koondhur; but its effects are more drying. If a tent be made with this, and applied or introduced into the vagina, it will cure any affection to which that may be subject, and prevent habitual abortion.

257 Bhateele.--In Persian called Goolqunda. A. Verdmoonuttin.

258 Bhoodill.--The name of a piece of Talc.

259 Bhoothpees.--A name for the Ram.

260 Phaloke.--A name for Arloo.

261 Bhu'th Kutaeye.--The name of both kinds of Kutai, "Solanum Jacquini."

262 Bhohphilly.--A creeping grass, the fibres of which are very thin, and its leaves very small. Its seed vessels are numerous, thin, and small, about the size of the nail of the finger; it is aphrodisiac, and thickens the seminal fluid.

263 Phooth.--"Cucumis Momordica," (Roxb.) P. Dustumboeah. Its properties approach those of the melon when unripe. In my opinion, as nature has given it a sweet smell, it must be beneficial in strengthening the heart and brain; but it encourages the attack of putrid fever. It is used to form a sherbet with sugar and rose-water, for the above-mentioned beneficial purposes.

264 Bhuntaki.--("The wild Bhengun; is the Solanum Melongena,") a name for Badinjan; sweet, pungent, and penetrating, and during digestion, bitter, hot, and light; beneficial in diminishing phlegm and bile, strengthens the circulation, clears the complexion, promotes appetite, and cures fever and cough.

When ripe, it is hot and heavy, and increases the bilious secretion. The white kind is inferior in virtue to the black. Some call it hot, others cold. I have from experience found it excellent in giving strength to the stomach; that it is very drying, and produces vitiated bile; from this circumstance it prevents sleep, or produces unpleasant dreams: its correctors are ghee or oil. Although I have stated all these properties, yet as a culinary vegetable it is in very general use, it cannot possess them in any great degree; it is called Benghun.

265 Pechuck.--A name for Bidjosaar.

266 Beedjbund.--(From the Maadentezerrabad.) A medicine of India, red and black; its seed resembles that of the onion, red and shining; the red kind is to be preferred. It is aphrodisiac, increases seminal secretion, strengthens the back and loins. It is cool and dry, flatulent and difficult of digestion; its corrector is sugar; its sucoedaneum, the seed of the Antungun. The dose is one miskal with equal parts of sugar.

267 Benth.--"Calamus Rotang." Of this there are many kinds; one kind called ToÊikam, another Jillbenth, a fourth Itchill; the whole four are cool and cure swellings, piles, pains in the uterus, boils, eruptions, acne, difficulty in voiding urine, are lithonthriptic, useful in affections of wind and mucus, also foulness of blood. Jillbenth is astringent and flatulent, and Itchill is an antidote to poison.

268 Peetul.--(Brass.) P. Bering. It is not an original metal, but a composition. In its properties it is equally cool, hot, and dry; it cures disorders of wind, phlegm, jaundice, and affections of the spleen. A kind of this is called Sonepeetul.

269 Peepul.--"Ficus Religiosa." A tree of India, very large and common; the young leaves are green, but when well formed become yellowish; it is cool; cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and blood; is useful in boils and eruptions. The bark of the tree is aphrodisiac, strengthens the loins, and restrains watery discharge from the urethra; and this I have found from experience. Some say, this is called in P. Lirzan. Its fruit is about twice the size of the PhaÏsa. It tastes like the fig. It is called Peepulie, and is when ripe of a yellowish color. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus mentioned. "The Peepul tree in Persian is called Lirzan; in the opinion of the inhabitants of India, cool and dry. Its fruit diminishes the secretion of bile, promotes digestion, relaxes the bowels; and if the bark be infused in water and applied to boils, it will hasten suppuration and promote the discharge of the matter; if the bark be burnt and thrown into water, it will quickly purify it."

270 Bale.--A name for Raebale; cool and light; cures disorders of phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons.

271 Baele.--"Called also Byll, Cratoeva, or ∆gle Marmelos; Wood Apple." The name of a fruit which grows like the quince; its seeds are larger than those of the Ryhan. I have seen the tree, it is like the Bukaen; its leaves very soft and tender, broad and long, somewhat like the Moong: on each small sprig it has three leaves. Some have said that it was originally wild, but subsequently brought into our gardens; that which is now in gardens is larger than that which grows uncultivated. The fruit is hollowed out and used as snuff-boxes, and for several other purposes. It is a very common tree in India; it is bitter, astringent, and a little sweetish, hot, and moist; when ripe it is heavy, producing phlegm, bile, and wind, causing heat of stomach, and is difficult of digestion. It destroys appetite and induces costiveness; but unripe it is light, strengthens the circulation, and the whole body; induces costiveness; increases appetite, hastens digestion, and cures disorders of wind and phlegm. I have given it with other medicines for the cure of diarrhoea with good effect. "And in dysentery, a table-spoonful of the pulp, made into sherbet, and taken several times a day, has been effectual."

272 Peeloo.--"Salvadora Persica." "Careya Arborea," (Roxb.) The Indian name for this, Araak. It is a wild growing shrub, about the height of a long spear, (8 feet,) with many branches; it is broad and round in its general appearances; its leaves thin, and about 1/2 an inch long. The fruit is called Peel or Peeludj; it is hot, light, and aperient; promotes appetite, cures Badgola, piles, affections of the spleen and wind; is lithonthriptic; useful in disorders of the blood; it produces bile, and in all favorite formulÊ, it forms an ingredient. The fruit is also called Jhal; it is bitter, laxative, lessens phlegm, general heat, Juzam, fever, and worms. The wood of the Peeloo used as a tooth-brush, is excellent for preserving the gums.

273 Peoke, or Peossie.--The first milk given by any animal after the birth of its young. A. Lubba. It increases the bulk of the solids, and inclination towards aphrodisia, but it causes hiccough, and the formation of stone in the bladder, and is difficult of digestion; its corrector is sweetmeats.

274 Peease.--"Allium Cepa. Agnon, F. Swiebel, G. Cipolla, I. Pallandoo, S. Onion." A. Bosool. Pungent, and during digestion sweet; hot in a small degree, and in its effects resembling Garlic. It increases mucus, removes disorders of wind, and hydrocele. There is a smaller sort, called Karinjun, which increases bile, produces costiveness, and cures piles. There is a third kind, which when dried is white, and is recommended to be kept in any house to prevent the approach of snakes or any venomous reptiles.

275 Peeplamool.--The name given to the root of the Peepul tree, but some give the name to the whole tree, and some give the name to the fibres of the root of any tree; but judging from the name, I conceive it to be what I have just stated. Mool being root, and Peepul must indicate the kind of root. The idiom is Indian, and I think must be correct. It is bitter and pungent, dry and stomachic; promotes digestion, cures disorders of wind and phlegm, but impairs the eye-sight and seminal secretions.

276 Bear.--Called also Konar, "Ziziphus Jujuba." Sweet, cool, heavy, aperient, causes wind, produces corpulency, cures disorders of bile, wind, blood, general heat, and the disease called Rajerogue; also allays thirst. Another kind of this, named Husthkool, and a third called Kurkund, q. vide.

277 Peeta.--Called also Khunda, q. vide.

278 Passownie.--A name for ChÌrk·kÛlie.

279 Bealduntuck.--A name for Kh·rkh˙suck, meaning a snake's tooth. This is known to every one.

280 Peeche.--Congee, or rice water; it is cool and allays thirst; it is proper food for the sick; drank with rose water, Beelemoosk and sugar, or with pomegranate sherbet, it produces cold, strengthens the circulation, and entirely allays general heat.

281 Beerbahootie.--An insect very common in the rainy season, resembling scarlet velvet; hot in the 3rd and moist in the 2nd deg. One insect, with the legs taken off, ate with Paan, is very efficacious in paralytic disorders, and other complaints from cold. Bruised and mixed with water, it is used as an aphrodisiac, in seminal weakness, &c. Its oil is also used as an external application in debility brought on by onanism, and for giving strength to the muscular fibres. Its succed. is the Kinchua.

"I have prescribed the Beerbahootie with decided good effects in paralysis, commencing with one and increasing to three or four in the day: 1 or 2 given with a little pounded nutmeg is said to be very efficacious in spasms in the bowels of children."

282 Talmukara, or Talmukana.--"Bartleria longifolia." A seed, very small, and like the zeera, red, the color of Toodrie, but the Toodrie is round, whereas this is longish and smaller. The plant is knotted like a reed, and has prickles on the joints. The flower is like the lotus, but is whiter. It is cool and heavy; increases seminal secretion, and cures disorders of wind and blood; it forms an ingredient in all aphrodisiac formulÊ; it is taken mixed with cow's milk, either cold or boiled. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus described.

Talmukana is a medicine of India; its seed of a brown color, like that of the Anjera; cool and moist; used as an aphrodisiac, in cases of seminal weakness, in gonorrhoea, and in chancres. It is astringent; strengthens the system; is flatulent, and not easy of digestion: its corrector is sugar; its succed. Moosliesia. The dose six masha.

283 Taal, or Taar.--"Borassus Flabelliformis." A very high tree, about 60 feet, more or less; very common in the Deccan and in Bengal. At Agra it is more common than at Delhi; the leaves grow at the top of the stem; they are broad and long; and of these are formed Punkahs, which are much esteemed and carried to various parts. They are also used for writing upon; its fruit is like the cocoanut; the kernel of the fruit is cut into pieces, and ate with sherbet and sugar; it is very sweet to the taste, and is called the Tirkool.

The upper part of the stem of the fruit is cut across, and the liquid which exudes from the wound, received into earthen vessels called Labnahs, and these fill several times in the course of the day. This liquor is called Taarie: when fresh drawn and before the sun is above the horizon, it is sweet to the taste; but it soon becomes fermented, and is then intoxicating. It is cool and moist, beneficial in disorders of wind and bile, also in boils and eruptions. It is both aperient, and aphrodisiac. A liquor distilled from the Taarie, is to be preferred: roasted or stewed meat should be eaten along with it. It produces pains in the limbs, and heaviness of the head, and is as intoxicating as spirits. The fruit is sweet and cool, heavy and flatulent, causes pains in the limbs, cures affections of wind, bile, blood, and bruises; it relieves general heat, and allays thirst. Its seed is also sweet, cool, and diuretic; useful in disorders of wind and bile. P. Khoormae Aboojile, or Khoormae Hindee. A. it is called Doom, but the author of the Munhage says, that Doom means the Googul tree. The Maadentezerrubad thus describes it: taar is a tree like the date tree; its leaves about a yard long; the kernel of the fruit is often sold for the sea cocoanut. The juice of this tree is the taarie, so well known; it is equally hot and cold, and moist in the 2nd degree. It is aphrodisiac and diuretic, induces corpulency, and if taken to excess produces intoxication and head-ache. If fresh drawn, it is sweet and less intoxicating; but allowed to remain for a night, it becomes acid, and then it is very inebriating. The fresh taarie improves the complexion, moistens the brain; is beneficial in hectic fever, in difficulty of breathing, in depression of the spirits, and is aperient. If allowed to remain long, it becomes sour, smells very strong; is heating, and causes vomiting and indigestion.

In the Lyzuttoor rejal, it is thus mentioned: taarrie is an intoxicating produce of the taar tree, very common to the eastward. The tree resembles the date tree, but its leaves are different: when fresh, the taarie is hot and moist, induces corpulency; is aphrodisiac, diuretic, and when it has acquired a strong smell, is intoxicating, and in that state, it is very heating, and produces indigestion, with heaviness of the brain. The sherbet of the pomegranate allays vomiting brought on by its use. Its succedaneum is a decoction of dates called Sendhi.

284 Taalesputter.--A name of Talesphir; of this there are many and various accounts, some call it the leaf of the wild olive, zeatoon, and others call it the bark of the Lissaan nulaej safeer, or Biss'bassa. The author of the Topha says, that he considers it the same as the Tewaje Kutai. The people of India deem it hot, light, aphrodisiac, stomachic, promoting digestion, curing difficulty of breathing, cough, disorders of phlegm, badgola, and hectic fever.

285 Tanbirr.--"Copper." It is sweet, cool, light, and aperient: cures disorders of bile and phlegm; useful in marasmus, Juzam, piles, asthma, swellings, cough, and ague. It is caustic, and in A. is called Nowhass. P. Miss. The physicians of India use it in a calcined form, and speak much in its favour. If it be properly prepared, it will be soluble in water. In my opinion, if it does not produce heat in the blood, nausea, pains in the bones, and joints, giddiness, and confusion of ideas, it will be fortunate, and will be a sign, that it has been well prepared; and should it stand both these tests, it may be used with comparative safety.

286 Taberuck.--A tree, the produce of Arabia; its fruit and flower resembling the rose; during digestion it is bitter and hot; removes bile, and blisters, and seminal debility.

287 Tubasheer, or Tubakeer, names of Bunslochun.

288 Tuputtee or Typsie, a trefoil grass.

289 Tatyrie, in P. called Teetoo; a bird, the meat of which produces wind. "Tringa Goensis."

290 Tittereek, sometimes called Tintereek.--Its fruit, when unripe, is beneficial in disorders of wind; is vermifuge, and destroys worms in the rectum; it is very heavy; but when ripe, is light and astringent, and is useful in weakness of the digestive organs, and cures disorders of phlegm and wind. A. Simaak.

291 Tudje.--Laurus Cassie? Some say that this is Kirfa, and others Syleekha; also called Keelkheela; it is in Indian works described as cool and pungent; it cures disorders of phlegm, and more especially dissipates collections of it in the small intestines; clears the passage to the stomach or oesophagus, and promotes digestion.

292 Tedhara.--"Euphorbia Antiquorum." A kind of Seehund.

293 Turkool.--The fruit of the Taar tree, vide Taal.

294 Tarkoota, or Terookhun.--The title of a formulÊ composed of peepul, pepper, and ginger, in equal parts. It creates appetite and promotes digestion; cures difficulty of breathing, cough, local affections of the skin, badgola, seminal weakness, phlegm, swelling of the testicles, and diseases of the nostrils.

295 Terisgundh or Tirjatuck.--The name of the following formulÊ. Small cardamums, Kerfa, Tezpat, in equal parts. It is said to remedy disorders of phlegm.

296 Tirtuck.--A kind of rice, of the same properties as the Saathie.

297 Tirmirra.--The best kind of this grows in gardens. It is hot in the 2nd degree, dry in the 1st. When fresh, it is moist, and its juice is excellent in wounds and ulcers; it is diuretic and aperient; produces frequent inclination to aphrodisia, and causes blindness. Its corrector is K·ou (Lettuce), or Kasni (Endive), or Koorfa, or Till. It increases the secretion of semen, and thickens its consistence. It is an antidote to the bite of the mongoose. If bruised and applied to the root of the acid pomegranate it will render it sweet. A. Jerjeer.

298 Tersindiaturnie.--A kind of Jeeaphul; see I.

299 Teraemanna, called also Teraman.--It is cool, sweet, and useful in pains of the stomach, in mucus, super-abundance of blood, giddiness, thirst, delirium, poisons, and vomiting. Manna.

300 Teroor, called also great Dathun.--Bitter and cool; strengthens eye-sight; cures bile, heat, diseases of the mouth and hepatic eruptions.

301 Tirnie.--Cool and sweet, increasing eye-sight, beneficial in bilious disorders, bile, heat, thirst, vomiting, and eruptions of the mouth.

302 Tirdisha.--A name for Mahomeed.

303 Tyrphilla.--The name for Hurr, Bhaera, and Anula.

304 Tirpurnie.--An appellation for Jalpurnie or Tirpunnie.

305 Takkur.--The name given to a mixture of Dhaie and water.

306 Tuggur.--A name for Asaroon (Asarabece); it is sweet, hot, moist, light, and an antidote to poisons. It cures epilepsy, delirium, affections of the eyes, wind, and mucus. One kind of it is red. (Asarum), excellent errhine.

307 Teluck.--A flower like the Till; hot, beneficial in mucous disorders, and Juzam; an ingredient in favourite formulÊ.

308 Telk.--Ginger.

309 Till or Tillee.--The name of a seed, from which oil is extracted, and which leaves much refuse after the oil has been drawn. When green, it is dry, increases knowledge, and promotes appetite. Is astringent, reduces corpulency, clears the voice and complexion, and allays thirst. There are three kinds of this, the 1st called Pooth, the 2nd Tilbund, or white Till, the 3rd is wild; it is heavy and astringent, increases mucus and bile, strengthens the head, cures boils, and all rheumatic affections. Is stomachic, increases knowledge, and restrain the secretion of urine. The best kind is black, next the white, and last in order the red. The flower of the Till is useful in disorders of the eye, such as specks, and that affection called Nachoona, and is applied mixed with Soorma with good effect. This is stated both in the Ejalenapheh and Elajejul-umrae.

310 Toolsi.--"Ocimum Sanctum. (Roxb. MS.) Shrubby, hairy, branches four-sided, leaves ovate, oblong, serrated with margins, and petioles hairy; bractes petioled, ovate, cordate, ciliate, upper lip of the calyx round, cordate, and hairy, with corol twice its length. Its seed, Tookmi Rehan, H. of a mucilaginous nature."

A common plant, about a yard high or more; its leaves small and longish, and serrated at the edges. The Hindoos consider it as very sacred, and worship it. It is a species of sweet basil (Raihan); bitter, pungent, hot, cardiac, and stomachic. It increases bile and general heat, cures Juzam, difficulty in making water, affections of the liver and blood.

311 Tumakoo.--Nicotiana Tabacum, W. It is said in the Dara Shekoi, that it was first sown in India during the reign of Akber, or in the year of the Hidjera 1014, when it was imported from Europe, and sown by his order; now it is every where common, and is generally smoked. In the opinion of Hukeem Alli Gheelanee, it is hot and dry; its smoke from its heating quality confuses the ideas, and reduces the strength; from its discutient property, it weakens the brain, and depresses the spirits. Those who are of a cold, moist temperament, may derive benefit from its use, but those who are of equal temperament cannot use it with impunity. It is useful in piles the consequence of cold, also in waterbrash, and complaints of this nature; it promotes digestion and dissipates flatulent pains. It increases the strength of vision when it is weakened by the effects of cold, but adds to it when it has been caused by heat. In difficulty of breathing or pain in the chest, proceeding from an accumulation of viscid phlegm, it is very useful. It is prejudicial in thin spare habits; it shuts all the passages, decreases the power of the absorbents, and consequently prevents the absorption of chyle, thereby weakening the system, and drying up and emaciating the body. It produces hectic fever in the aged, and many other disorders in which medicine is useless. Its corrector, according to the author of the Dara Shekoi, is milk; and he gives this wise reason for it, that cloth stained with the smoke of tabacco can only be cleaned with milk. It is used in many ways, chewed, snuffed, smoked, &c. but is least prejudicial when smoked, after being mixed up with goor and preserves. I have by experience found it effectual in wind of the stomach, in pains produced by flatulence, and in the waterbrash; but have found it prejudicial to those labouring under depression of spirits, or who are subject to heartburns.

The dried plant brought from Surat is more drying than any other, and ought to be washed in rose-water or Bedemushk before use.

It is used by the Pytans as snuff: as a cephalic it strengthens the brain, and prevents the effects of indigestion on that organ, but it should not be used when people have weak eyes from heat. The author of the Ulfaz Udwiyeh says, that he had a friend who was blind, and that meeting him afterwards quite recovered, he was surprised to learn that his cure had been effected by his having smoked equal parts of tobacco and Sumhaloo; the women eat the Surat tobacco with pawn: and it increases digestion, and is discutient. It is beneficial in those temperaments which are cold and moist, and its juice is used for drying the vagina.

312 Tamaal.--The Serroe tree. A tree resembling the Jhow, but much larger; in its properties resembling the Saul. It cures swellings, general heat, and blister.

313 Tym.--A kind of fish, producing appetite and general strength.

314 Tamaalputtur.--A name for Teeridje. Some have called it the leaf of the Tamaal tree, and named it Serroe, while others have said that it was the leaf of the Sandal tree. It is therefore uncertain what it is.

315 Toon.--A kind of reed; its seed like the Benth; its flowers are used as a dye by the dyers of India, and are of a yellow color; cool, dry, astringent, producing wind, curing eruptions from an overflow of bile, also other eruptions of the skin and Juzam. A. Arheekun, but the author of the Topha says, that Arheekun is a name of the Isperuck, and that it is not like the Toon.

316 Toon.--"Cedrela Tuna," W. See Sir W. Jones's description, vol. 4. As. R. page 273. Powder of the bark and extract used in the cure of fever.

317 Tuntureek.--A name for Tuttereek, called also Seem·k.

318 Tumbole.--A designation for Paan, but what is properly called so is a preparation used at marriages, composed of Paan bruised and the juice expressed, mace, nutmeg, cloves, and cardamoms, all bruised and mixed with sugar, and allowed some time till it ferment. Its use causes exhiliration of spirits, slight intoxication, and strengthens the system. It removes wind, is cardiac, and promotes dryness; those of a hot and dry temperament will be injured by its use; it sweetens the breath, and is generally known by this name.

319 Tunkaar.--"Impure Borate of Soda, Boras SodÊ." A name of Borax, called also Zirkur; it is of two kinds, one white, called Curia, the other named Telia. The proportion of both are the same; it is refrigerant and detergent; strong, hot, and useful in mucus and wind, cough, and asthma. It is burnt in the fire, pounded, and with equal parts of Aloes and a little treacle made into pills, and as many used daily as will agree with the stomach. These will remove pains in the stomach, internal parts, chronic cough, difficulty of breathing, or any complaint of that nature. It is recommended, that it be taken every day for at least 20 days, but if this cannot be done, it may be used at intervals for the above-mentioned complaints; this advice is given from the Echtyarat Casmi. The whole properties of this medicine are only known to Indian physicians, and from experience, I know it to be a powerful promoter of digestion if taken about an hour after meals with a little water only; it is called also Tunkunka·r.

320 Tawakeer.--A medicine of India, useful in gonorrhoea and dysuria ardens.

321 Tombrir, also Tombie.--A bitter cuddoo. There is a kind of this in which the seed is not bitter; it is heavy, though some call it light; it is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile.

The one in which the seed is bitter, is cool, cardiac, and an antidote to poisons; useful in cough and bile. If the seed be taken when the moon is in the wane, bruised, and for 21 days, steeped in the juice of ginger, its oil extracted and preserved in a bottle, it will be found that this oil, when a year old, rubbed over the body in weakly habits will renovate strength, and it is also said that it will consolidate mercury.

322 Turai.--"Cucumis Acutangulus, Roxb. Hibiscus Esculentus?" A common vegetable, bitter and dry, light and suppurating; beneficial in swellings, marasmus, dropsy, affection of the spleen, Juzam, piles, mucous disorders, and bile. Another kind is called Geea, and is very mucilaginous and cool, but increases mucous disorders. A third kind is named Arra, and is aperient and useful in bilious disorders.

Turai is a very common culinary vegetable of India, and the people sow it in their houses; its flower is very beautiful, of a yellow color, and the fruit is extremely mucilaginous. If it is sown at the root of a tree or wall, it will climb for support; its leaves resemble the vine, its fruit is about 2 or 3 inches long, and about the thickness of the thumb or even thicker; the second and third kinds are larger and thicker than the first, but the latter is the best, and those are to be chosen which are thin, small, and soft. It is in my opinion cool, moist, and aperient; beneficial in hot temperaments and weakness of the stomach; those of a dry temperament will find it particularly beneficial; it is a proper food for those labouring under fever. The 2nd kind is the most mucilaginous; the 3rd less so than the 1st.

323 Toour.--A kind of Arhur. "Cytisus Cajan."

324 Tooiekam.--A kind of Rattan.

325 Toodun.--A kind of Kakroo.

326 Toott.--A common tree, of the middling size; its leaves are a little oval, very soft and easily squeezed; its fruit is half an inch long or more, both white and black, the best without seeds, and much less than the rest. It is sweet and easy of digestion, strengthens the system and kidnies; is aphrodisiac, increases blood, remedies costiveness; is hot and dry. Those without seed, more efficient than any other. I have written what I have experienced of its effect, but much more is said of its properties in Yunani publications. Its bruised leaves with salt said to be suppurative and discutient.

327 Thour.--Euphorbia Neriifolia, Roxb. called also Th˙r. A kind of Zekoom, (thorny tree,) some call it Synhud, others describe it as resembling the Zekoom, and that its fruit is like the Hurrhee, but the ThÛor and Synhud do not bear fruit. The milk of the plant blisters the skin; its expressed oil is aphrodisiac, and possesses other properties. A cloth wet with the milk, is used as an aphrodisiac, and the particular manner will be found in the Ilajulumrar and the IjalÈn·pheh.

In the Maadentezerrubad, it is thus mentioned: ThewÈr. In the opinion of the people of India, it removes costiveness, cures affections of the spleen and spasms of the stomach, and evacuates the bowels and Fetuek; if its leaves are boiled in water or Dhaie with a little salt, strained and drank with a little cow's ghee, it will cure all disorders of wind and vitiated bile, and relax the bowels. The milk of the Thewer is procured as follows:

Pierce the plant close to the root, and fill the wound during a night with asafoetida, in the morning remove the gum, and attach a vessel to receive the exuding milk, and should the juice be required very thin, a little salt may be added to the asafoetida.

328 Tendhoo, called also Tendook.--"Diospyros Ebenum," another kind is called Bychtendook. A tree of India, of a large size; its fruit like the Anula, but smaller. The first kind cures boils, eruption and disorders of wind. When the tree becomes aged, it produces the ebony, which is the centre; it cures bilious disorders; its unripe fruit is cool, astringent and increases wind. When ripe it is heavy, beneficial in bilious complaints, disorders of the blood, and seminal weakness; The second kind is nearly similar in its properties; but is more cooling, light, and astringent.

329 Tejotee.--Bitter, pungent, hot, stomachic, useful in disorders of mucus, wind, dysuria, cough, and convulsions.

330 Teetur.--The Partridge, "Perdix Francolinus." Its flesh increases the color of the skin, renders the bowels costive; is stomachic, useful in hiccup, and disorders of the three principal secretions; beneficial in difficulty of breathing, cough, and dropsy.

331 Tendooa.--"The Leopard, Felis Leopardus." Some say the Indian name for this is Nimonur. The people of India call it a species of tiger, but it is smaller; it is also named Tendoo.

332 Telkirur or Telk˙r.--The oil of the Kojora; it is bitter, pungent, hot, beneficial in affections from wind, strengthens the system, diminishes the eye-sight, increases the three principal secretions, and produces heart-burn.

333 Tesoo.--The flower of the Palass.

334 Tezpat.--A name for Patrudje.

335 Teerun.--Cool, bitter, useful in wounds, and improves the complexion.

336 Terbile.--A medicine of India.

337 Teetee.--The name of the fruit Karele.

338 Jamin.--"Eugenia Jambolana." One of the largest of trees; its leaves about 3 inches long and half an inch broad, of an oval shape. The fruit is round and of three kinds, the Deeriaie, the Bhagaie, and Sehraie. Of the Bhagaie, there are two kinds, the largest called Churputtra and the common Jamun. The common name of the Deeriaie is Nadeye. All kinds are dry and astringent; cures disorders of mucus, bile, blood, and boils and eruptions, but when the fruit is large it is sweet, and difficult of digestion; it cures swellings in the body. Some have called the Ray Jamun hot. The Sehraie is strengthening, and increases semen. There is a kind of Jamun grown in Delhi, that is without stones, and very sweet; in my opinion this is the best of all, and next to it must rank the Ray Jamun.

That fruit which is found in the latter end of the rains is called Bhadeya, and is also sweet. In my opinion it is cool and moist, and stomachic, but the one without the stone, named BËd·na, is more so than the other kinds.

The juice of the fruit is to be preferred as a stomachic, and is more grateful to the taste. It is best prepared by being sprinkled with salt, and shaken in a dish, which deprives it of its great astringency and corrects its hurtful qualities.

There is a kind of jamun of the color of dry grass, of a yellowish white color, smaller than those described, of a pleasant smell. Nawab Assoph-ul-Dowlah at Lucknow, taking into consideration its scarcity, brought it from the eastward, and sowed it in his gardens. It is the now common goolaub jamun, and smells of roses; there is also a kind of jamun at Lucknow called Phalenda.

339 Jatie.--A name for Chumbelie, "Jasminum Grandiflorum."

340 Chaab.--The fruit of the Guj peepul, cures hemorrhoids, and resembles peepulamool in its properties.

341 Jaie Puttrie.--Hot, light, vermifuge, cures mucous disorders, and is an antidote to poisons. It is a name for Bisbass.

342 Chakussoo.--A Jeshmoridj. If 21 grains of this be bruized and moistened with filings of Sandal-wood in water, in a new earthern vessel, and drank in the morning, it will be found very effectual in Dysuria ardens.

343 Jaiphill.--"Nutmeg, Myristica Aromatica, Myristica Moschata." Hot, light, stomachic, clears the throat, cures mucous disorders, and allays vomiting; is vermifuge, remedies any irregularity in the sense of smelling and cough.

344 Charai, or Charwolie; both names of Cherownjee.

345 Jaal.--A kind of fish.

346 Jaiey.--Jasminum Grandiflorum? A sweet smelling flower, bitter and cool, useful in eruptions of the mouth from heat, in disordered eye sight, and affections of the uterus, also in wounds and ulcers.

347 Chakoth.--A culinary vegetable, sweet and saltish, useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile; fever, and piles. It also remedies costiveness, improves the taste of the mouth, and clears the olfactory nerves.

348 Chalkurie.--A name for Foo or Mujeeth.

349 Changerie.--A name for Umulchhangerie.

350 Cheebook.--A kind of Khurnie.

351 Chitchera or Chichira, also Chirchira. P. Khasmar. "Achyranthus aspera." Pungent and laxative, increases appetite, cures disorders of wind and mucus, daad, seulie, piles, itch, (both dry and moist,) itchiness in the bowels, dropsy, boils, and other eruptions. Another kind is red; both are dry and astringent. The seed is beneficial in those eruptions, the consequence of vitiated bile. The red flowers are very common, the white are more scarce; if the white flower be preserved about the person, it will render one invulnerable. In disorders of the blood, the root bruised in water and taken is useful, mixed with dhaie and sugar, it is of use in Menhorragia cruenta. The stem of the plant used as a tooth-brush is excellent in disorders of the teeth, and sweetens the breath. The juice of its leaves squeezed into the eye improves eye-sight. The seeds and leaves pounded and drank in a seer of milk is a powerful emetic, or if they be taken to the quantity of four tolahs daily for 21 days in congee, they will cure bleeding, piles, and bruised and applied externally, will act as styptics. The white flowers kept on the person, will prevent you from being stung by a scorpion, or will remove the pain when externally applied.

352 Chetuck.--A name given to birds that inhabit wild places, (those more tame are called Chiria,) they are sweet to the taste; cold and moist. Aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders called Sunpat, and increase phlegm. Tame fowl is hot and dry, also aphrodisiac.

353 Jutamassie.--Bitter and cold, clears the skin, useful in mucous disorders or diffusion of bile in the blood, in affections of the throat, and is an antidote to poisons. "Spikenard, Valeriana Jatamansi."

354 Chuttra.--During digestion it is hot, and produces a burning sensation, curative in itch and flatulence.

355 Chuttur Phill.--A name of Syneed, a kind of Khoreacera.

356 Chichinda, also Chunchilund, "Beta Vulgaris." The root of a culinary vegetable of India. It is of a long tapering shape like the carrot, and is in general use. I have experienced it to be of use in dry emaciation, and that it is sweet and stomachic, light and beneficial in superabundance of bile, increases appetite, and removes viscid mucus and bile. The root is laxative. Another kind is bitter, hot, and moist, decreases bile, mucus and heat, and cures all disorders of the blood.

357 Chachoondur, also called Chulde. "Sorex Cerulescens, Shaw." "Sorex Ceruleus, Turton." The Musk-rat. P. Kormoosh. If its meat is applied to the ulcer at the back of the neck called Khoonadeer, it will be found very effectual. If its brain be dissolved in oil and applied as a friction to the spots of white leprosy, and other discolorations of the skin, it will remove them. If the scrotum is tied up and preserved about the person as a charm, it will increase and lengthen the continuance of aphrodisia.

358 Chirchirra.--A name for Chitchira.

359 Chirpoota.--A medicine of India, cool and dry, and aperient; cures difficulty of breathing and cough.

360 Chiria.--A name for Roonjisk, called also Chituck.

361 Chirownjee.--"The nut of the Chironjia Sapida." A round or oval seed like the peepul, of a dark-brown colour. The tree is of the milky kind, the leaves white, or of an earthy color, an oil is expressed from its kernel. A. Hubboossum'na. P. Nookul Khaja. It is sweet and oleaginous, heavy and luxative, beneficial in bilious and mucous disorders, in foulness of the blood, heat of the body, and bruises, and it increases wind.

It is also written that Chirownjie is the kernel of the stone of a fruit, of the appearance and taste of the phalsa, and that it is dried and carried hence to various countries. It is very common in Bundelcund, it ripens in the commencement of the hot weather, and the capsule is said to be separated from the kernel in a hand-mill. The tree is large: the nuts are strung on thread and used by the natives as necklaces, and they are roasted and eaten as food.

362 Cherayta, called also Punsaal. "Gentiana Chirayata, Roxb. Sp. Ch. Herbaceous, leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, corol rotate, four cleft, smooth stamens, four, capsule ovate, bifurcate, as long as the calyx." It is bitter, cool, and dry, light, and producing wind, beneficial in cough, general heat, and fever. A. RusbuzzËreera.

363 Jest in P. Roo Tootia. It is hot and light, and during digestion cool and heavy; facilitates the fusion of metals.

364 Chesteymud, called also Chestee, also Chitenmud. "Glycyrrhira Glabra. W. Glycine Abrus, Linn." in Arabic AssÛoloos'oos.

365 Chukunder.--A name for Saluk.

366 Chikara.--A kind of deer; its tail is black, and its meat sweet, cool, light, and astringent, stomachic, cardiac, and beneficial in disorders of wind, bile, and mucus.

367 Chukora. In P. Rubk. "A variety of Titroo Rufus."

368 Chukua Chukui.--"Anas Casarea." The Braminee Duck. Its flesh is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy, strengthens the system, restrains the flow of urine and fÊces, cures affections of wind, bile, and blood. In P. it is named Soorkhab and Chukawuck, A. KumbÈera.

369 Chukeerka.--The white kind of the seed, called Soorkh, a common seed, used as a weight; properties the same.

370 Choekurk.--A name of the grain Koolthie.

371 Chukond.--A name of the Penwar or Chukwand.

372 Chukotrah.--A fruit of Hindost'han; its tree like the Rutael, with double leaves, the under one very small. It is very easily engrafted on the Rutael tree. The fruit is green and round; its capsule granulated; its green color is that of a small melon; inside it is red; the divisions very small. It is sweet, acid, and bitter, and is ate with salt or sugar. It is cool in its properties, allays thirst from bile, creates appetite. In no book of Hindost'han have I been able to find any account of it. "Citrus Decumanus. The Pumalo, Batabi Neemboo, Pumpleuoes."

373 Jooqunoo.--"Lampyris." The fire fly. P. Kermukshub Cherag. A. Hubahub. It shines in the night during the rains.

374 Chukadana.--The name of a seed of an earthy color; hard, and having a small kernel; it is like the HubËbulsa, but is somewhat larger; the latter besides is pointed at both ends, whereas this is not. The women of Delhi give this in purges for children.

375 Jillpeelbuka, also called Jill peepul, or Phylphilabi. It is cool and dry, and astringent; cardiac and aphrodisiac, strengthens the eyes, cures disorders of blood, heat in the chest, boils and inveterate eruptions; another kind of it is red, dry, beneficial in affections of wind, mucus, and is astringent. Its fruit is beneficial in eruption from vitiated bile. Red flowers very common.

376 Chellwuk.--A large tree of India. Its fresh leaves are used as an application to inflamatory Daad, or other watery eruptions, as well as the common Daad. This I have found from experience. Sybr is first applied to produce some inflammation, and then this application is made use of. A patient of mine was long annoyed with Daad in both his shoulders, for the cure of which he had tried many remedies. I recommended this, he took a quantity of the leaves, bruised them, and applied them over the parts, but from the great heat and irritation they produced, he quickly removed them; he then applied the Mooltance earth, to remove the irritation, this so far succeeded, but the part rose in blisters, the water from the blisters being discharged, the complaint was found relieved, when the parts were well, he again applied the leaves, this destroyed the disease, and left the place all black. The skin soon re-assumed its wonted color, and the disease was perfectly cured. From the above circumstance, I am led to conclude, that the application is a very powerful one, and acts as a blister. If they are applied to parts which have been deprived of sensation, it will be equally effectual as Sutoobria.

377 Cheylchish.--A very hurtful kind of fish, which increases disorders of the three principal secretions.

378 Chillie.--A kind of culinary greens, from the common vegetable called cheel; cool, dry, light, aperient; promotes appetite, increases knowledge, strengthens the system, cures disorders of the spleen, blood, and the three secretions, and is vermifuge. One kind named Kutf, also Buthua.

379 Jill Benth.--A kind of ratan.

380 Jill Butees.--Cool, astringent, producing flatulence.

381 Jill Neeb.--A small plant; its branches minute; also its leaves like the Loonia saag; it creeps on the ground, and is to be found near rivers. It is very bitter, and from its constant vicinity to water has obtained its name. It is purgative, powerfully so, in the quantity of 6 mashas. In herpetic eruptions and Lues venerea it is very beneficial, but it can only be given with safety to those who are not in a weak state.

382 Chumgader.--The Bat. A. Khuffash. Its blood rubbed on the feet is aphrodisiac. Its properties are particularly described in the Yunani works.

383 Jamalgota.--Vide Datoon. "Croton Tiglium."

384 Chumbeley.--"Jasminum Grandiflorum." A white flower, of a strong, sweet smell, one kind is yellow, and named Soorunjati: alike in their properties, both are hot and light, useful in head-aches, pains in the eyes, and teeth, in boils, eruptions and foulness of the blood.

A decoction of its leaves in water will cure tooth-ache; the mouth being repeatedly washed with it. The juice of the root taken with milk will remove suppression of urine, and many have made the experiment with success.

385 Champa or Chumpuk, "Michelia Champaca." A flower of India, of a pyramidal shape, its color is a light or whitish yellow, very beautiful, and as such is often quoted as the perfection of color.

In this part of the country, it is very common; it cures difficulty in voiding urine, disorders of mucus, blood, and nausea. It is pungently bitter and cool; useful in injuries of the nose, and in general heat. One kind is called Paak Chumpa, hot and pungent, creates appetite, improves eye-sight, diminishes mucus, and cures bruises. The smell is cardiac and stomachic.

386 ChermbÊrie.--An acid fruit of India; beneficial in itchiness of stomach, disorders of mucus and wind, depraved taste, pains of the chest, loss of appetite, and worms. Its acid removes the effects of intoxication; it is cool in its properties. The sweet kind is bitter, and a little heating.

387 Junthmook.--In taste it is sweet, and is like the Saalie, (a kind of rice;) in its effects, but the best of all kinds of rice is the Christn daan, and that which has been sown in a soil manured by ashes, is the lightest and best in curing mucous disorders. The rice produced in the common manner is heavy, useful in disorders of bile and wind, and frequent change of soil, or the plant removed or transplanted to another soil is the best. It is diuretic and generally beneficial.