Chapter VII: Front Matter (7)

Loban is called in P. Hussunluba. The people of India know it as a gum; its color is red, and mixed with pieces of white and black as large as a cowrie. It is hot in the 2nd degree and dry in the 1st. Its internal use is tonic to the stomach and brain; it discusses wind, removes phlegm, and is useful for removing running at the nose. In those of a hot temperament it removes head-ache. Its corrector is oil of the Banufsha or Khushkhash. Its succedaneum Ladun and Mastichi in equal parts. The dose is from half direm to two direms. What is called in India Sut Loban is white, clear, and shining, like Talc, and is much used in mucous disorders and in paralysis. It is also beneficial in bad breath. It is stomachic, aphrodisiac, and assists digestion. The dose two soorkhs in Paan. The expressed oil, applied to the penis, is aphrodisiac, and also useful in disorders of mucus.

870 Loni.--P. Neemuk, q. v.

871 Lolie.--A name for Lublie.

872 Lomrie.--The Fox. A name for the Sheghal or Sial.

873 Longmushk.--The name of a flower; its shrub about two yards in height, but of great diameter. It is white, sweet-smelling, hot, cardiac, and strengthens the brain.

874 Lobeia.--"Dolichos Sinensis." A common culinary grain; hot and dry; creates flatulence; is diuretic, and increases the menstrual flux. It has also the effect of producing very unpleasant dreams.

The red Lobeia procures the expulsion of the dead foetus ex utero, and if ate with cow's ghee, it strengthens the digestive organs. A. Dizzer. P. Bakla.

875 Lahsun.--"Allium Sativum, W. Lasuna, S. Ail, F. Knoblauch, G. Aglio, I. Ajo Sativo, S." Hot and moist; heavy, aperient, aphrodisiac; promotes digestion, and is useful externally in sprains and hurts; increases the hair and knowledge, also bile and blood; beneficial in disorders of mucus, wind, difficulty of breathing, cough, Badgola, intermittent fever, swellings, piles, Juzam, and seminal weakness. It is vermifuge, tonic, and cures loss of appetite. It is an ingredient in all favorite prescriptions.

Its sherbet I have used with much effect in cases of paralysis. One kind of Lahsun is called Agbooptah. A. Mowseer. As a tonic, this is to be preferred, and its pickles are held in great estimation.

876 Lasora.--"Sobestens Cordia Myxa, W. A. Sepista." Its leaves bruised and applied to ill-conditioned ulcers, will cure them in 10 days.

877 Lahusoonia.--A kind of Dedawrie. A. Aynulhur. See Vidoorie.

878 Malkungnie.--"Ceanothus Americanus? Celastrus." A seed resembling Anbus saleb, but smaller and variegated; its upper rind is green, inside which is red, and withinside this is found the seed fine long and of a reddish color; it is bitter and pungent, hot and aperient; useful in affections of wind and mucus, difficulty of breathing, and cough. It increases understanding and memory. In India, those who try its effects use it in many ways. One method is to eat one seed the first day, two the 2nd, and so on, increasing by one till 40 seeds are eaten in a day, then decrease in the same proportion. Some use it this way for only eight days, after which they continue to take this quantity without increase, and during its use, they abstain from all acids, sour milk, radishes, Till, limes, mustard, and other articles of this nature; during this time also, they separate beds from their wives.

It increases the tone of the vessels; preserves health and strength.

The Hindoos enumerate many virtues of which the drug is possessed. It is understood to be hot in the 1st degree, and dry in the 3rd. It is a favorite ingredient in fomentations, unguents, and prescriptions for aphrodisia and paralysis. It is in very general use.

879 Madhooie.--A flower of India; cool and light, and useful in disorders of the three secretions.

880 Mansrowhnee.--A purgative medicine, useful in disorders of wind, bile, and mucus, and is aphrodisiac.

881 Maak.--Phaseolus Max. A name for Aorde, called also Maash; it is sweet during digestion; hot, heavy and aphrodisiac; used in disorders of wind; is tonic; a preservative to health, increases semen, milk, and fat; also mucus and bile; clears the urinary secretion; beneficial in piles, paralysis, affections of the liver, difficulty of breathing, and Badgola; said to be useful in cholic, but as to the three latter, I am not so certain about them, and suspect it might prove more likely to increase them.

882 Maad.--The water in which rice has been boiled, and in which the rice has become decomposed; it is cool, astringent; creates appetite; expels wind, mucus and bile; softens the muscles, and is beneficial in bilious or mucous fevers.

883 Maien.--Acid, astringent, cool, and light; contracts the vagina; useful in dysentery, disorders of bile, blood, and mucus; also affections of the throat. A. Kuzmazidge. P. Kurmar.

884 Maachik.--A name for honey of a reddish color; it is sweet, cool, dry, and light; reduces corpulency, strengthens vision, increases understanding, and beneficial in seminal weakness. The fresh kind is moist and aperient; that which is old is dry, and if heated is hurtful. I mean that which has been fermented, and that produced in hot climates.

885 Majoophill or Maijphill. A. Affix. "Alleppo Galls, Quercus Cerris, Quercus Robur." It is hot and astringent; useful in wind; blackens the hair, and contracts the vagina.

886 Maankund.--A name for Istolekund.

887 Malook.--A name for Palook.

888 Mahesingie.--The author of the Dhara Shekoi has called this the water-scorpion; see Beechoo.

889 Maat.--The name of a culinary green, used as food. If the root of this plant be cleared of the bark, and 100 tolahs of this be boiled in 100 tolahs of milk, and as much fine honey, over a gentle fire, taken out and put in a vessel for use, it will be found highly useful in reproducing the secretion of milk in the breast of a woman, and is thus used: The woman is to anoint her body with sweet oil, then bathe in warm water, after which a little of this to be ate, and care taken that no wind obtain admission to the place where she sleeps; this done for 14 days, milk will be produced in great abundance.

890 Maashpurnie.--Obtains its name from its leaves resembling Maash; it is called also Makonie; it is cool, dry, sweet, and pungent to the taste. Increases semen and mucus; useful in fever, eruptions of the mouth, dryness of the fauces, disorders of blood, and costiveness.

891 Muttur.--"Pisum Sativum. P. Kusshuba." Hot, heavy, and aperient; increases wind, bile, and blood; is diuretic, and increases secretion of milk; useful in external swellings and disorders of mucus, weakens eye-sight and decreases semen. One kind is called Betla, and another is very small; both of these are sweet to the taste; in digestion cool, light, and astringent; useful in disorders of wind, mucus, and bile, and it is the best food for cows.

892 Muttreegurba.--The eggs of fish. Moist, heavy, and aphrodisiac; tonic; induces corpulency, increases mucus and the bulk of the solids; brings on heaviness of the spirits and indolence, and cures seminal weakness.

893 Muchechi.--Cool and astringent; useful in Juzam, disorders of bile and blood, and is vermifuge.

894 Mucheli.--Hot, moist, heavy, aphrodisiac, and tonic; increases phlegm and bile; beneficial in the seven dhats, and useful in disorders of wind.

The river fish is the best, and most powerful as an aphrodisiac, and tonic. The tank fish are cool, heavy, moist, and aphrodisiac, also diuretic. Well fish are aphrodisiac and diuretic, increase mucus, cause disorders of the bowels and Juzam, and are flatulent. The fish of jheels, or large pieces of water, have the same properties as the tank fish; and those of small pools or puddles are sweet, moist, tonic, and useful, and cure disorders of wind. Salt-water fish produce bile in a slight degree, and are heavy. All fish induce costiveness and decrease the strength of the eyes, and the clearer the water, the more beneficial and more powerful are the properties of the fish. It will be prudent not to use well fish in cold weather. One kind of fish is very small, and named Pothee, q. v.

895 Mujeeth.--'Rubia Munjith, Roxb. MS. Sp. ch. pentandrous, perennial, scandent, branches with four hisped angles, leaves quatern, long-petioled, cordate, acuminate, 5-7-nerved, hisped.' "Madder: given in the quantity of one pice weight in milk, several times repeated, its effects are very powerful; it affects the whole nervous system, produces profuse sweating, temporary delirium, mental agony and tears, with an evident determination to the uterine system."--Trans.

A root of a red color, used by the dyers. It is an emmenagogue, and its taste is sweet, bitter, astringent; hot and heavy; clears the voice and complexion; useful in disorders from poison, mucus, blood, swellings, ophthalmia, itchiness of the liver, pains, in the female parts of generation; Juzam, eruptions, acne, boils, seminal weakness, and dysentery. Its green leaves are sweet to the taste, moist, and create appetite, and beneficial in bilious disorders. A. Foo. H. Aal, q. v.

896 Moojkund.--A small plant; pungent, bitter; useful in mucous disorders, cough, and itch. It is very common in hilly countries.

897 Mudhraa.--A name for Kakoli, from its sweet taste so called.

898 Muddenphill.--A name for Mynphill.

899 Mudden.--A name for Moom.

900 Mudh.--Honey.

901 Moodukpurnie or Rakanie. Cool; beneficial in cough, wind, blood, bilious heat, fever, semen, and eye-sight; it is also called Maagpurnie. It is called Mudukpurnie, from its leaf so nearly resembling that of the Moong; Muduk being a name for Moong, and purn, a leaf.

902 Mudhoolka.--A kind of grain; its properties the same as the Muckund.

903 Mudhkurkuttie.--A kind of rice; sweet, cool, and heavy; increases blood and causes eruptions in the mouth.

904 Moorhurrie.--Sweet and bitter, heavy and aperient; cures disorders of bile, blood, mucus, wind, thirst, affections of the heart, itch, Juzam, and fever.

905 Moora.--A leaf resembling the Mendhi, brought from Lahore; cool and light; cures possession from evil spirits; is vermifuge, and useful in disorders of bile, wind, and blood; also in Juzam.

906 Merg.--P. Ahoo. Its flesh is sweeter than of any other animal; a little acid and saltish; bitter, pungent, and astringent; it is cool and light, flatulent; creates appetite; useful in disorders of all the secretions; is tonic, cardiac, beneficial in fever, and is an excellent medicated food.

907 Murua.--Some say this is hot and light in the 3rd degree, and some that it is in equilibrio; it loosens mucus from the head, and dispels wind. If boiled in vinegar, and used as an external application to the head, it will remove obstructions that produce head-ache. Prepared in this way, it also removes swellings or eruptions caused by heat or irritating applications. It is cardiac and stomachic, discusses collections of bile, removes the effects of any animal poison, Juzam, and disorders of mucus and wind. Is vermifuge. A. Isoomulphar.

908 Moorhuttee or Mudhserda. Cool, heavy, tonic, and aperient; allays thirst and nausea, and relieves disorders of bile. A. Isilloosoos; it is the Baboonie.

909 Merch.--"Piper Nigrum, W. Maricha, San. Poivre, F." Pungent, penetrating, stimulant, carminative; hot and dry; useful in disorders of mucus, wind, difficulty of breathing, and internal itchiness; is vermifuge; expels bile, and assists digestion.

910 Merchai.--A name for Hubboneel; hot, dry, and laxative; removes viscid bile, also mucus and worms.

911 Mursa.--"Amaranthus oleraceus. A potherb." An esculent, succulent vegetable, which when boiled with salt and butter is sweet, high-flavored, and aperient.

912 Mernal.--The stem of the Kawul flower.

913 Murorphillie.--"Helieteres Isora." A medicine of India. P. Kistburkisht (Sheeraree Pechuc); a long twisted shrub, having a single flower, of a purple color; its leaves resemble the scorpion's tail; hot and dry in the 2nd degree; some call it hot in the 1st and dry in the 2nd degree. It assists digestion, and clears the skin; removes thickened and viscid mucus, and forms an ingredient in all children's medicines. As an external application, it is useful in swellings from cold, in itch or daad, expels wind, and decreases milk or semen; its corrector is Hubbeh senobir; its succedaneum thrice its weight of Sibr (aloes). Dose one direm.

914 Missie.--A shrub of India, about a yard high; its branches thin and its leaves like the Kussowndie: its branches are knotted, and when slit open, an insect is found in them, which is given to the Boolbul, when training them to fight. Its flower is very small, of a reddish yellow, like the Gowzeban; it is also called the Kakjunga, q. v.

915 Musoor.--P. Adiess. A common grain of the pea tribe; cool, light, and astringent; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, and is sweet during digestion.

916 Mustchagundka.--A kind of sugar, useful in eruptions from diffused bile, seminal weakness, delirium, nausea, and thirst.

917 Mukoond.--Sweet to the taste; bitter in digestion; hot and dry; light; decreases corpulence; induces costiveness and wind; it is a kind of grain.

918 Muggur.--A. Tumsa. (The Alligator.) Its flesh is greasy and heavy; used in disorders of wind, and increases mucus and semen.

919 Muko.--A name for Anbus saleb. P. Sugangoor. Very beneficial in swellings. Its juice is useful in increasing the eyesight, and for restraining the menstrual flux; cool and moist.

920 Mug Peepul.--A kind of Peepul.

921 Moogta Sukut.--A name for the shell of the pearl-oyster; it is sweet and pungent, used in mucous disorders, difficulty of breathing, pains of the chest and bowels, and loss of appetite.

922 Moogtaphill.--A name for the pearl.

923 Mukhara.--Commonly called Mukhana, Euryale ferox. It is cool and heavy, useful in disorders of wind, mucus, and blood; is aphrodisiac, and increases semen; and is found very beneficial to women after labor. It is often called Talmukhana, but it is quite a different medicine.

924 Mullagheer.--The name of a tree, the wood of which is very heavy, and full of veins. It is brought from a distance; when pounded, it is of a reddish black color, has fine smell, and is used in India for dying and for giving a pleasant odour to clothes. It is cardiac, strengthens the brain, and gives a pleasant effluvia to the perspiration; cures discolorations of the skin of the face, and in some Indian works is called a species of Sandal. Its properties are the same with Rukutchunden.

925 Mulleka.--A kind of the flower of the Rai-bele: it is hot, light, aphrodisiac; cures disorders of wind, eruptions of the mouth, and all affections thereof.

926 Mulleen.--A root of India, of a clay color; hot, dry, and pungent; if bruised and applied to the head, it kills vermin; it destroys maggots in ulcers; the leaves possess the same property. I knew a man who had severe head-aches from maggots in the brain: I squeezed the juice of this into the nose, it killed and brought them away.

927 Moondie.--A. Raderyoos. "Spheranthus Indicus." It is also called Tuppodenie, so denominated from its being used in penance; if any one preserves a constant respect for this, he will become the peculiar favorite of Heaven. It is also called Srawanie; this name is derived from the circumstance of its bearing fruit in the month Srawun. The leaf is somewhat like the mint, the flower round or globulated, and of a rose-color; it has a sweet smell, and is a medicine of great virtue. It is sweet and a little bitter, but very much so during digestion; it is hot, light; increases understanding; is vermifuge; useful in boils and eruptions of an obstinate nature; is pungent; cures pains in the parts of generation of the female, marasmus, gonorrhoea, and disorders of bile. If the plant be pulled out by the root before it flowers, and dried in the shade, and ate with wheat flour, cow's ghee, and sugar, it will restore and preserve youth, and prevent the hair from becoming grey; and if pounded and often used in powder, it will be found peculiarly tonic. If its seed be ate with sugar, it will preserve health to the extreme of old age.

An old man is said to have eaten a preparation of this for a year constantly: the strength of youth was restored to him, and he lived to the age of 205 years. The physicians of India declare this to be the basis of the Elixir VitÊ. If the plant is taken before it flowers, and is bruised and eaten with ghee and honey, both the strength and appearance of youth will be preserved. Indeed, the extent of its virtues is only known to the most scientific of physicians. If its flowers are eaten for 40 days, the same effect will be produced; and the root used without intermission for a year, incalculable benefit will be the result. If the root and leaves be bruised and eaten for three days, with cow's milk and honey, it will be found highly aphrodisiac. If one of the seeds be swallowed without water, the eye-sight will be preserved, and no affection of the eyes will take place for a year. If two are swallowed, the eye-sight will be preserved for two years, and so on. I used it myself in my infancy, or early days, and have preserved my sight in a wonderful manner. My uncle used the distilled water of this, in depression of the spirits, and as a cardiac, with great success: he sometimes distilled from equal parts of this and Gowjeban, at other times with other cardiac medicines. If half a masha of the oil of this be ate with Paan in the cold weather, it will produce a genial warmth over the body; it will also remove affections from cold, and be found aphrodisiac. The oil is thus procured:

The plant is moistened with water, and then rubbed between the hands with any sweet-scented oil, but not too much; it is then to be extracted in the same manner as that of Agur is procured. If a chittack of the following oil be eaten daily for 40 days, and during this time abstaining from intercourse with woman, it will be found that the aphrodisiac power will have become so great, that it will seem wonderful. It is thus prepared:

Take the leaves, root, and all parts of the plant; bruise them, sprinkling a little water over them; then squeeze out 20 seers of the juice, and add to it five seers of sweet oil; boil the whole till the juice shall have evaporated, and the residue is the oil. Some use the medicine in this manner. During the months of August and September, with cow's ghee. In April and May, with honey. In June and July, with sugar. In February and March, with congee. In October and November, with cow's milk; and in December and January, with sour milk. The author of the Dhara Shekoi has said that the root is to be bruised in a copper vessel, with a pestle of the Neeb tree, adding a little water, till it has become black; then taken up by dipping cotton into it, and preserved for use. In the ophthalmia, a little of the cotton moistened and applied to the eye, will remove the disease.

Maadentezerrubad.

Moondie is a medicine of India, of two kinds, a large and small; its flowers are like buttons, and it is of a bitterish, astringent taste. It is cool and dry in the 1st degree, and is, in the opinion of some, in equilibrium: both kinds of it are beneficial in disorders of the blood, white leprosy, epilepsy, heart-burn, elephantiasis, cough, incessant vomiting, diarrhoea, flatulence, all disorders of the eyes, feverish head-ache, itch, heat in the chest, marasmus, and all bilious disorders; it creates appetite, and is aphrodisiac.

928 Munn.--P. Morhoemarh. A. Hujuroolheya. A stone found in the nape of the neck of a snake of the Cobra species, but it is not found in all; when in the reptile, it is soft, but it hardens by exposure to the air. It has a variegated surface, and its virtues are these, that if rubbed on a blue or black woollen cloth, it will deprive the cloth of its color; also, if applied to any part bitten by a reptile, it will adhere till it shall have extracted the poison. If it be put into milk, it will change its color. If it is applied to the bite of a snake, it will extract the poison. And if it be eaten, no snake can ever by its bite produce hurtful effects on your system.

929 Munsul.--Bitter, pungent, hot, and moist; heavy and aperient; an antidote to poisons; cures affections of mucus, blood, difficulty of breathing, and cough; clears the color of the skin, reduces corpulency; and removes possession by evil spirits. It is called Zernikh Soorkh. "Red Sulphuret of Arsenic."

930 Moondookpurnie.--A kind of Birumbie.

931 Mundar.--A small shrub, of two kinds; both bitter, pungent, hot, and laxative; useful in disorders of mucus, and increase of fat in the abdomen, itch, and swellings; and is an antidote to poisons.

932 Moot.--P. Shasha, or Kumeer. A. Bowl. Urine. That of cows, buffaloes, horses, goats, camels, rams, and men, is saltish and bitter; dry, light, aperient, and cardiac; increases appetite and relish for food; useful in general swellings; clears the brain and all excretory passages; increases bile; beneficial in disorders of wind, Badgola, piles, and dropsy; is vermifuge, and used in Juzam, marasmus, flatulence, internal itchiness, and want of appetite.

Cow's is the best and most effectual. Elephant's urine is an antidote to poisons, and generally vermifuge; useful in Juzam and Badgola. Buffalo's, beneficial in swellings, Badgola, piles, marasmus, and seminal weakness. Horse's is aperient; cures disorders of mucus, and Daad. Goat's is an antidote to poisons; removes difficulty of breathing, jaundice, and marasmus. Ram's cures emaciation, swellings, Juzam, piles, seminal weakness, and costiveness. Ass's is lithontriptic; useful in seminal weakness, Juzam, idiotism, internal itchiness, and dropsy, and is vermifuge.

Human urine is an antidote to poison, and particularly tonic. When a choice is to be made between male and female, this rule may be observed. Of the cow, sheep, and goat, the female; of elephant, horse, camel, and ass, the male; also the male of the human subject. Should a person at any time feel symptoms of indigestion, and be afraid of the consequences, a little of his own urine will relieve all unpleasant sensations and expedite digestion, but this can only be resorted to by people of no caste.

933 Monje.--The leaf and external fibrous covering of a kind of reed like grass, used to make rope. It is equally cold and hot; useful in acne, disorders of blood, diseases of the eyes, and all complaints affecting the urinary bladder, or urethra.

934 Mooser.--Sweet, bitter, heavy; promotes appetite, cures piles and disorders of wind; increases semen, and is an ingredient in all tonic prescriptions. I fancy this is the Shukakool.

935 Moocherus.--"Bombax Heptaphyllum. The tree." The gum of the Sembill tree, also so named by the author of the Dhara Shekoi, but it is commonly understood to be the flower of the Soopearie tree. It is cool, heavy, and astringent; increases semen; restrains diarrhoea; increases the tone of the digestive organs; removes disorders of blood, bile, mucus, and general heat.

Maadentezerrubad.

Moocherus is of two kinds, one according to some is the gum of the Sahajena, and by the account of others, that of the Sembill tree. It is red, heavy, and difficult of digestion. The other kind is the flower of the Soopearie; both kinds are cool, dry, astringent, and aphrodisiac; strengthen the back, kidnies, and loins; increase semen, and lengthen aphrodisia. Its corrector is sugar and cow's ghee. The succedaneum is Kummarkuss.

936 Mohuk also Bohuk; useful in disorders of mucus and wind, and slightly increases bile; some have said that this is the Mowa.

937 Mokhun.--The name of a tree, hot and astringent; useful in diseases of wind and mucus, in worms in the stomach, and pain therefrom, rheumatic pains in the joints and bones, and its gum is aphrodisiac; increases the bulk of the muscles, and of use in disorders of bile and wind.

938 Moong.--"Phaseolus Mungo." And one kind, which grows wild. It is cool, dry, light, and astringent; used in disorders of mucus and bile; strengthens the eyes, and is fit and proper food for the sick; it however weakens the stomach--this I know by experience. If given to a person of weak digestive organs, it will be passed unchanged, although other food will be digested. I therefore conclude that it is too difficult of assimilation to be used with advantage, as here recommended. It weakens aphrodisia. P. Maash.

939 Moth.--A grain of India; cool; some say in equilibrium. It is dry, quick of digestion, and if used with cow's ghee, its flavor will be much improved. It cleanses the blood, is sweet during digestion, relieves wind, and removes laxities of the bowels; some indeed have called it aperient: cures mucus disorders, strokes of the wind or sun, and removes fever. It produces worms.

940 More.--The Peacock? Its flesh is hot, aphrodisiac, and tonic; beneficial in diseases of the ear, colds, dryness, and creates appetite; increases understanding, thickens the hair of the head, strengthens eye-sight, cleans the voice, and beautifies the complexion. It ought to be ate in the cold season, as it is not so beneficial in the hot winds and rains. P. Taous.

941 Morba.--A medicine of India. Its root hard, and of a clay color; hot and dry in the 2nd degree: used as an external application in swellings of the throat, and one direm of it eaten, it will loosen phlegm from the throat.

942 Motha.--"Cyperus rotundus. Cyperus pertenuis, Roxb." A name for Saad; bitter, astringent, and cool; inducing costiveness; assisting digestion; used in disorders of blood, mucus, bile, and fever; removes thirst, and is vermifuge.

943 Moom.--Soft and greasy, cures pain of bruises; and boils; assists the growth of granulations in wounds, and the junction of fractured bones; useful in affections of wind, blood, and Juzam. A. Shuma.

944 Mookul..--Restrains laxities of the bowels, is heavy and tonic; useful in disorders of bile and wind, creates appetite, and is very aphrodisiac.

945 Moolie or Moolug.--Hot and light, creates appetite, clears the voice, benefits affections of the throat, the olfactory nerves, and the three secretions; dried, it is light and very beneficial in piles, swelling, stone and gravel. Salt extracted from the radish in the usual way, by being dried and burned, is diuretic; useful in suppressions of urine, and promotes digestion.

946 Motie.--Its properties nearly resembling those of Chunder Kanth, q. v.

947 Moonga.--A name for Mirjhan; bitter and sweet; useful in disorders of bile, heat, wind, and mucus; increases semen and is cardiac.

948 Mowlserie.--Mimusops Elengi. Bukool, H. Sweet, astringent, and cool; causes intoxication, raises the spirits and is an antidote to poisons. Its flowers have a sweet smell; the fruit is cool, sweet, and astringent; improves the color of the skin, and imparts a pleasant taste to the mouth. I have found the fruit to be cardiac and stomachic; the root is beneficial in seminal weakness, in strengthening the loins, and increasing the consistence of semen. Its name is also Bowlserie.

Maadentezerrubad.

Bowlserie is cool and dry; its bark and root useful in thickening semen, and remedying too great seminal irritability: if its bark is boiled in milk, and as a gargle, it will remove tooth-ache. The flowers are somewhat hot, cardiac, and stomachic; its distilled water is intoxicating, and useful in disorders of bile, thirst, and delirium.

949 Mooslee or Mooslicund.--Sweet and cool; removes bile and heat; increases a proper secretion of mucus, and if eaten with sweet oil, it will relieve discharges from the nose from cold. Used with rock salt, it will increase appetite; with water it will remove pains in the bowels. It is of several kinds: black and white. The former resembles the Shakakool, but the bark of the Shakakool is white, whereas this is black; the white kind is thin, and resembles Mahi roobyan, called also Mooslie Dukanee. Another kind is also white, and thinner than the black kind, yet thicker than the Dukanee. All three kinds are used in aphrodisiac formulÊ; some have called it hot, and useful in piles and disorders of wind. If half a direm be taken with Zeera, it will be found beneficial in Jaundice; and if taken with equal parts of good ginger, it will cure indigestion. If eaten with the leaves of Punskisht in equal parts, it will remedy offensive perspiration, and with Streephill, it will remove seminal weakness; with Peepul, it will cure Hydrophobia, and with Anula it cures intermittents.

Maadentezerrubad.

Mooslie is of two kinds, black and white; the black is called Mooslie Dukanee, dry in the first degree, and hot in the second; some say hot in the first degree and dry in the second. It is aphrodisiac, and increases semen; removes head-ache from phlegm and seminal weakness, (3 direms with as much of the white of the cocoanut.) In giddiness it is administered with honey; as a tonic with milk and Isgun; for injuries of the labiÊ and vagina with Darfelfil; for carbuncle with Zemicund; for dropsy, with camel's milk or Mocoe water. As an antidote to poison, with Kawanch seed; in quartan ague, with cold water; in Soorkhbad, with Tirphilla; in habitual fever, with cow's urine; in pains in the bowels, with hot-water; in the bite of a snake, with sugar, honey, or Tincar; in deafness, with mint or Kanjee for seven days; in black jaundice, with Baberung; and for gonorrhoea or diabetes, with water.

In the opinion of the Hindoos, this is the best of all medicines, and the black kind the most powerful for medicinal purposes.

950 Moorsheka.--A tree, whose leaves growing like the plume of the peacock, has obtained for it this name. It is sweet and acid; useful in disorders of bile, wind, mucus, and heat.

951 Mogra.--"Jasminum Zambac. Magorium." A flower very common; sweet and cool, and of a pleasant smell; raises the spirits; removes bile; improves weakness of sight, affections of the mouth, and ulcers. There are seven kinds of it.

952 Musakunie.--A shrub of two kinds, the first rises only about four inches, more or less, and has on both sides of it two leaves, like a mouse; the other kind remains on the ground, like the leaf of the Doodie. Its flower is of a blue color; the first kind is scarce: both are hot, bitter, and diuretic, and useful in disorders of bile and mucus; it is called Murzunjoosh.

953 Maha Moondie.--A kind of Moondie, of a larger kind; its flower as large as the Kudum flower; its properties the same as the Bhoomkudum.

954 Mahwa.--"Bassia latifolia." A tree as large as the mangoe; its leaves large and thick; its wood used in building, very common to the eastward. A spirit is distilled from its flower; its fruit is named Kelownda; the unripe shell of it dressed with meat much improves its flavor. It is hot and dry. One kind of it is named Rahisphill. The decoction, the distilled water and spirit, have an offensive smell, produce giddiness, and much subsequent uneasiness. The flower when just blown is white, but as it becomes ripe assumes a yellow color like the Benowlee, but larger, and it is sweet to the taste. The kernel of its fruit gives an oil of a white color, and is used to adulterate ghee. Its properties are said to be, that it is useful in mucus and wind, and cicatrizes wounds.

Its flower is cool and heavy; aphrodisiac; increases the secretion of milk and semen, also mucus; useful in disorders of bile, blood, wind, and in hectic fever. Called Goolchukan.

955 Mahkee.--Its flesh is sweet to the taste; hot and moist, also heavy; useful in disorders of wind, and has a soporific property. It is aphrodisiac, increases semen, strengthens memory, and preserves health. It is a name for the buffalo. A. Jamoos.

956 Mohoka.--"Cuculus Castaneus, Buch." A bird, the note of which is sounded okok, it is also called Uka. Its brain mixed with perfumes, and used as a cephalic in cases of palsy of the tongue, and paralysis, produces sneezing, and gives relief. Its blood is used to extract thorns or heads of arrows from the flesh. Its brain, mixed with sugar and given to children, produces distinct articulation. The flesh is said to be hot and dry, and to strengthen memory. Its fÊces is used as a medicine in difficulty of breathing.

957 Mahaneem.--"Melia sempervirens, W. The leaves of this species of the bead tree have a nauseous taste, devoid of astringency. Flem." Its taste is bitter and astringent; it is cool and dry; removes laxities of the bowels; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood. Is vermifuge; allays vomiting and nausea, and is very powerful in Juzam. It is commonly called Bucaen. Shaikh Boo Ali Seyna, in his work called Kanoon, has written, that Azad is the name of a poisonous tree; and Hakeem Ally has written, that the Azad is the Bucaen tree; others too have followed him up, and stated it to be the Bucaen: but as I have repeatedly exhibited the Bucaen, I know that it possesses no poisonous qualities, consequently this must either be a mistake or a false statement. In the Moasoodie, it is written, that the Bucaen is a tree of India, cool, dry, astringent, vermifuge, beneficial in Juzam, eruptions, disorders of blood, and that it is lithontriptic. If three direms of the seed in powder be taken, it will be found useful in piles, and stop the discharge from bleeding piles; a fumigation of the seeds will also be found useful. The young leaves bruised and taken will correct an increased discharge of the menstrual flux; the leaves heated and applied to piles, or the loins in lumbago, will give great relief, and as an application to boils it exceeds the Neem in virtue. The seeds bruised and rubbed among the hair will kill vermin; and the bark burnt, and with equal parts of Kuth, applied to the mouth, will cure eruptions.

958 Mendi.--A name for Hinna, "Lawsonia Inermis."

959 Mahasutawurie.--A kind of Shatawur.

960 Mahawunth.--A kind of Kudum.

961 Mahameed.--A species of this is called Meede. Both are cool, heavy, sweet to the taste; improve the senses; are powerfully tonic; increase milk and semen; are aphrodisiac, increase phlegm, cure eruptions from cold, cough from bile, but increase cough from phlegm. This medicine is very scarce, and seldom met with.

962 Mahawur.--Its properties come near those of the Lac. It is useful in discoloured specks on the face, and acne punctata; bruised and introduced into the ear, it cures the ear-ache.

963 Mendi Anwul.--A kind of Anwul.

964 Mayursuka.--Light; cures disorders of bile and mucus, and restrains laxities of the bowels.

965 Mayoorshuka.--The Moorshuka.

966 Mendha.--P. Meshe. Its flesh is heavy, moist, tonic; increases wind and bile. This is the name of the male, and his meat is preferable to the female. "Ram."

967 Mynphill.--"Gardenia Dumetorum, Kˆen. Vangueria Spinosa, Roxb." Bitter and hot, astringent and dry, light and emetic; useful in disorders of mucus and Juzam, swellings, flatulence, and dryness of the seven Dhats, Badgola, and is suppurating.

968 Methie.--"Trigonella Foenum-grÊcum, Wild." Hot and dry; exhilarates the spirits; creates appetite; induces costiveness; is vermifuge, and decreases semen. Its seed is useful in cough, nausea, and disorders of mucus. A. Hoolba.

969 Mydhasingie.--A kind of Doodie.

970 Myoorjung.--A name for Aoloo; obtains its name from its stem resembling in straightness the peacock's leg.

971 Meed.--Vide Mahameed.

972 Meetanimboo.--Called also, Rajenimboophill, and in P. Shukurleemboo.

973 Nalee or Narie.--A small plant, which lies on the ground. Its leaves somewhat like the tamarind leaf. In some works the Narie is separately described. Its qualities are hot, and it is discutient; useful in affections of wind from cold; is laxative and beneficial in disorders of the mouth.

974 Naryil.--"Cocos nucifera." A tree like the Taar or Khoojoor; its fruit is oval, and betwixt that and its covering is a fibrous substance in considerable quantities; its weight from half a rittal to one or more. It is cool; slow of digestion; expels gravel; induces costiveness; is aphrodisiac and tonic; useful in disorders of wind, blood, bile, general heat; and its water is cool, light and cardiac; increases appetite and semen. If not quickly drunk, and has become fermented, it produces some degree of intoxication, raises the spirits, and is tonic. Its cheese, when first produced, resembles milk, and is said to be very sweet; it afterwards becomes hardened, and increases semen, wind, and disorders of bile. Bullienas, a physician, has related, that if a torch is made of the rind and coir, and burnt in the midst of a large company, it will produce so soporific an effect as to put them all to sleep.

975 Naringee.--Some have stated this to be a name for Narinje, but this is a mistake; it is produced in Indostan. Its properties are less powerful than Sungterra or Kowla, but its acid greater.

"Narinje is the Citrus Aurantium, or Nagaranga, San. Rind stomachic; juice acid and bitter."

976 Nagesur.--"Mesua ferrea." Indian rose chestnut? A seed smaller than the Kubabcheenee; the plant is thin, and its stem long. It is dry, light, corrects indigested food; cures or removes offensive smell from the perspiration; useful in Juzam, acne, mucus, and poisons; it is said to be a name for Narmusk.

977 Nagdown.--Mugwort? Cures boils and eruptions, and is an antidote to the poison of spiders and snakes. A. Huleyoon, Artemisia Vulgaris.

978 Nagdumnie.--A wood resembling a snake, from which it obtains its name. It coils round like the snake, and may easily be mistaken for that reptile. It is bitter; increases the size of the muscles; is tonic and light; used in disorders of bile and mucus, gonorrhoea, eruptions, Lues Venerea, and poisons; it remedies laxities of the bowels.

979 Murdok.--A shrub, found in the hills; its leaves like those of the cucumber, its root called Davaun nemr. The leopard eats the root, which produces a swelling near its tail on the back: this is called Hadjurun nemr. P. Nirkpulung. This if bruised, and applied to the carbuncle, will expedite its cure; and if a woman applies it to the parts of generation, she will not conceive; and if her husband visits another woman after having been with her, she will not conceive. It is a runnet, and coagulates milk. If preserved about your person, and you visit a baker's shop, the bread will fall from the oven into the fire. It is about the size of a clove of garlic, and is variegated on its surface like the skin of the tiger.

980 Nadey.--A species of Jamin.

981 Nagarmotha.--A name for Motha. Cyperus Pertenuis.

982 Nagbulla.--Sweet, acid, and astringent; hot and slow of digestion; useful in itch and ulcers, also in disorders of bile.

983 Naaoe.--A common shrub, very hot; useful in disorders of wind and mucus; produces appetite; assists digestion. Its leaves used as a culinary vegetable.

984 Nirbissie.--A name for Jedwar. "Curcuma Zedoaria. Amomum Zedoaria. Kempferia Rotunda." Sp. ch. Spikes lateral, bulbs small, with long yellow palmated tubers; leaves broad-lanceolar, sub-sessile on their sheath, sericeous underneath; color uniform green. Banhildie; pungent and cool; useful in disorders of wind, mucus, blood, and every kind of poison. Is tonic; carminative; useful in flatulent cholic, but it increases ulcers.

985 Nerkutchoor.--See Kutchoor.

986 Nergoondie.--Resembles Rootki, but smaller and black. The author of the Ulfaz has without due enquiry pronounced this to be the Sumhaloo, but this is a different plant. It is hot and dry, useful in disorders of mucus.

987 Neyrmellie.--"Strychnos Potatorum, W. Cataca, San." It is cool and dry, some say it is in equilibrium. If bruised and mixed with foul water, it will clear, and purify it. If bruised in water, and applied to the umbilicus, it will relieve the griping pain of dysentery. If bruised, and applied to the eyes, it will strengthen eye-sight; also if applied to the bite of a snake, it will remove the effects of the poison. If eight grains of it be mixed with a little water and sugar, and drank, it will be found beneficial in gonorrhoea. I have seen this in my uncle's receipt book, but the dose was not there specified. If four grains of this be bruised in water, and mixed with dhaie, and left in a covered China vessel for a night, and taken in the morning, it will relieve suppression of urine, gonorrhoea, chordee, and bloody urine; but it must be used for a week.

988 Niswut or Mahaseyama, or Ritchita. It is a little bitter and sweet; also bitter during digestion. It is hot and dry; laxative; relieves wind; useful in fever, disorders of bile, mucus, dropsy, and swellings. The black kind is a poison and very hurtful; it is a powerful drastic purgative; produces insensibility, heat, giddiness, and injures the voice.

989 Nuk Is of two kinds, both sweet to the taste; hot and light; removes possession by evil spirits; beneficial in disorders of wind, mucus, and blood; is an antidote to poisons; cardiac, and clears the complexion, called Uzfarooteeb.

990 Nukchecknie.--A name for Koondush. It is a low shrub, does not rise from the ground; its leaves like the Tirrateruk; its flower like the Neemb. It produces eruptions in the mouth, beneficial in disorders of wind and phlegm, and is vermifuge. It is called Chicknie.

Maadentezerrubad.

Nukchikenie is a medicine of India, hot and dry; expels wind; beneficial in mucus, paralysis, and paralytic complaints, loss of memory, pains in the joints, and is aphrodisiac. If one seer of this with quarter seer of sweet oil, and half the weight of Mulkungnie, be put into an earthen vessel, and its oil extracted in the manner described under the head Puttaljuntur, and given in the quantity of four soorkhs in Paan, it will be useful in all the above-mentioned complaints, and in all mucous disorders. It will be advisable to use this medicine only in the cold weather, as it is, in itself, very hot and powerful.

991 Nullwa.--Cool; strengthens the eye-sight; useful in bilious disorders, affections of the blood, Juzam, difficulty of voiding urine, general heat, mucus, and acne.

992 Null or Nullie; grows in watery and moist places; it is cool, and useful in disorders of the eyes, in eruptions of the mouth or apthÊ; clears the blood; clears and dries the vagina, and is diuretic. Some have called it heating.

993 Nemuk Chitchera Is thus made. Take two bundles of that kind of Chitchera, which has inverted prickles, reduce it to ashes, and collect them into a vessel; then add a great quantity of water, and mix and wash it well with the hand; leave it for a night, add more water, put it into a cloth, and let it strain through slowly by drops; boil the clear fluid till the salt will precipitate or crystallize.

994 Nemuk Soonchur also called Nemuk Sia. "Muriate of soda. Bitlaban. Kala Nemuck, H." A tonic in dyspepsia or gout; a deobstruent in obstructions of the spleen and mysenteric glands of children; a stimulant in chronic rheumatism and palsy; a vermifuge. An analysis of the black salt gave,

"Black oxide of iron, six grains; sulphur, 14 grains; muriate of lime, 12 grains; muriate of soda, 444 grains; loss four grains = 480 grains." It is thus prepared: Take two seers of Anula, one seer of Ashkhur, bruise both and mix them with 20 seers of rock-salt, also bruised; put the whole into a vessel, cover the vessel with a cloth, all except the mouth; lute this cloth well with soft clay, and place it in the sun to dry. When perfectly dry, put it on the fire, (let the mouth of the vessel be rather small.) Keep constantly stirring it with an iron spatula or spoon; when well boiled and mixed, take it off and allow it to cool; then add Tinkhar, Jawakhar, Tilkh, Kibreeth, sweet salt, and soot, equal parts; mix all well together, and add a quantity of salt-water; then boil the whole down, and strain as directed under the head Nemuk Chitchera.

995 Nemuk Kutchloon.--The salt of glass, called Muskhoo Koonia, also Zoobdat ul Kawareer. It is the froth of glass; it creates appetite; clears the blood: there is another kind of salt called Budhloon. This is hot and stomachic; restrains laxities of the bowels, pains, and consequent swellings of the urinary bladder, heaviness, and stuffing of the chest, disorders of wind and mucus; also expels wind.

996 Nemuk Udhbidh.--The common Unkaloon; this is a kind of black salt; it is light; clears the blood; it is speedy in its effects, and as an external application, and it expels wind.

997 Nemuk Soendha.--Sweet to the taste; cool, moist, and light; promotes appetite and digestion. Is cardiac, strengthens vision, and is useful in wind and bile.

998 Nekund Baaperi.--A medicine of India, called also Oontura or Anere. It is hot and moist. If used as much as can be held in the palm of the hand, for a year, no poison will prove hurtful; in fact it counteracts the poison of snakes, and all other poisons. If two direms be eaten with as much aniseseed, for six months, the hair will not become white; two direms ate with dhaie, will be found effectual in gonorrhoea. Eaten with the leaves of the lime tree, and four seeds of peepul, it will cure obstinate fevers; with goat's milk, will cure quartans; with Foifil for three months, will cure white leprosy, also foulness of the blood, Juzam, boils, and scabies.

999 Nundbyrchun or Nundbyrkha. Hot and light, and in its properties resembling the peepul; indeed it is reckoned a species of that tree. It is useful in disorders of mucus, blood, poisons, boils, and cuticular eruptions.

1000 Nunahuld.--The small turmeric, called also Mameeran.

1001 Newarrie.--A flower in India, like the Chumbeley, but has no smell. It is of two kinds, one procured in the hot season, the other in the rains; the second kind is also called Newalie. Both are pungent, light, and useful in disorders of all the secretions.

1002 Nowsader.--"Muriate of Ammonia. Sal Ammoniac, F. Salmiak, G. Sale Ammoniaco, I. Sal Ammoniaco, Sp. Also Nowshader"; very pungent salt, and as a medicine or application, speedily effectual. It is aperient, beneficial in cholics, dropsy, costiveness, and pains in the bowels.

1003 Nowllee.--The young leaves of the lime tree; they have a sweet and grateful smell.

1004 Neeturbala.--Cool, dry, and light; produces appetite and digestion; cures eruptions of diffused bile; bilious and mucous disorders, general heat, boils, and eruptions. Some say, that this is the Nalee, but this is a mistake, for Nalee is the name of a different medicine, though it may be that of both. As the Neeturbala is seldom met with, a substitute is used in the branches of the Neelophir, dried.

1005 Neela Totha.--P. Tootia Subs. It is of two kinds, both aperient, and useful in scabies and Juzam, disorders from poison, and mucus; is vermifuge; reduces corpulency, and is useful in certain diseases of the eye.

1006 Neenuk.--Its flesh is sweet to the taste; light, tonic, and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of the three secretions. It is a kind of Barasingha.

1007 Newla.--In its properties resembling those of the cat. A. Ibn Urs. "The mongoose, Ichneumon, Viverra Ichneumon."

1008 Neelkunt.--"Coracias Bengalensis." A bird; its meat is useful in disorders of mucus, wind, and blood. P. Subsuk.

1009 Neendie.--"Vitex Nigundo, W. Lagondium Litorium, Rump. Bhemnosi, Rheede. Vitex Trifolia. The leaves heated are discutient, effectual in dispelling inflammatory swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, and of the testicles from suppressed gonorrhoea."

1010 Neela Sindhuk.--A name for Sumhaloo, (Sobaloo?) P. Punjkysht. A kind of the above; both are bitter to the taste, astringent, pungent, and light; increase knowledge; strengthen vision; also strengthen the hair of the head; remove itchiness of the abdomen and swellings; are vermifuge; useful in Juzam, boils, eruptions, and disorders of mucus; improve appetite, and relieve cataract. The leaves of the Sumhaloo, smoked as tobacco, or equal parts of them and tobacco bruised and applied to the part, will cure hydrocele.

1011 Nypaul.--A kind of Chureyta, called also Nupaul Neeb.

1012 Neenboo.--P. Lymboo. Citrus Medica, W. Jambira, S. Refrigerant, antiseptic. Peel stomachic. The Lime. It ripens in the hot-weather, and attains the size of a hen's egg. It is of a green yellowish color. Its rind is very thin, and thence it derives its name Kagsi. One kind of it is always in fruit, and a sweet kind of it is called Rajineenboo phill. Its properties are particularly noticed in Yunani works. It is said in some publications to be an antidote to animal poisons, both internally used, and applied to the parts.

1013 Neel.--The indigo, very common in India; hot and bitter; useful in boils, affections of the spleen, Soorkhbad, dropsy, strengthening the hair of the head; but it weakens memory, and produces giddiness.

Its leaves are used as an application for colouring the hair, and are in great estimation on that account. From its heating quality, it either decreases or increases a discharge from the nose, according to its nature; and when it is used for colouring the hair of the beard, cloves ought to be mixed with it, to increase its heating quality, when the person is of a cold temperament.

1014 Neelisbund.--A kind of Apirchetta, q. v.

1015 Neeb.--"Melia Azedirachta, W. The pride of India, the leaves of a nauseous bitter taste, (devoid of astringency,) Flem."

A very common and large tree of India, much esteemed; it is of four kinds, the medicinal properties of all the same. It is astringent and bitter; pungent and cool, (some say hot and dry;) some call its qualities in equilibrium; it is quick of digestion; useful in disorders of bile, wind, and mucus, and I have known it to be of use in Juzam and white leprosy. I have also exhibited it with success in eruptions and scabies. One man I knew, whose whole body was white from leprosy. I prescribed it to him for 40 days, and cured him. I took the kernel of the seed, bruised and sifted it, and gave it in the quantity that might be contained in the palm of his hand, fasting, and prohibited him from using any other kind of food than bread or dhal, without salt or ghee.

It is also said by Hukeem Ali to be excellent in curing obstinate old ulcers, as also fistula in ano, by the application of its leaves. It is given in many and various ways. Its leaves are given fresh, sometimes dried and pounded, sometimes its juice is given, often the juice of the leaf buds, and not unfrequently its bark. It is likewise given mixed with Noora. Its juice is used with Noora to cleanse foul ulcers, and to cure carbuncle, and this it effects in a very short time. The Noora is added to it in one-eighth of its quantity, and Hukeem Ali has declared it to be the best ingredient in ointment that he ever tried.

I have often used the leaves heated as an application to swellings and boils; it in some cases resolved them, in others expedited suppuration, and in all was beneficial. I have added salt to the bruised leaves for the same purpose, and found that it added to its efficacy.

A decoction of the leaves as a fumigation is excellent in discussing swellings, and with the addition of the leaves of the Sumhaloo, with additional good effect. A fumigation of less heating properties may be obtained by the leaves of the Anbassaleb, being substituted for the Sumhaloo. The water of this decoction is useful in cleansing foul ulcers, and removing pain from the joints.

The Neeb in the opinion of Indian physicians is cool, and Hukeem Urzanee has described its qualities as equal. If the decoction is used as a wash for the hair, it will darken its color, and increase its growth; and if the juice of its young leaves in the quantity of five or six direms be taken for seven days, it will cure scabies, ring-worm, and all kinds of acne, and it will purify the blood. A decoction of the bark of its root will restore suppressed menses, and if taken with goor it will produce abortion: prepared in this manner it will cure the under-mentioned diseases.

Take of the flower, seed, bark of the root, and leaves (called Punjuk), let them be infused for a night in two maunds of water, then bury it in the ground for a month, after which distil its water for use.

All species of scabies, white leprosy, Juzam, (when not too far advanced,) and disorders of all the secretions. Some mix the Punjuk of the Bucaen with the above, and it is said to increase its virtues. If the seed be bruised in water, and applied to the head, it will remove head-ache. Its juice is vermifuge. If three masha of the leaf buds with half masha of black peepul be eaten for 21 days, it will remove disorders and foulness of blood; increase the strength of vision, and by its juice being introduced into the eyes, will cure night-blindness.

I have given it for cleansing the blood, correcting vitiated bile, scabies, idiotism, and all disorders arising from disordered bile, thus: By mixing the distilled water, above-mentioned, with filings of Sissoo, the leaves, flowers, and bark of the Bucaen, and Shatirra, and Surphonka, white Sandal, filed, and Gowzeban, mixed well, and a water distilled. It will also be found useful in Juzam and white leprosy.

1016 Neelobe.--The Saruss.