Chapter IV: Front Matter (4)

388 Jungliechuha.--P. Runfeer. Its flesh is useful in cough, difficulty of breathing, foulness of blood; is dry and beneficial in all the three secretions. The meat of the female is to be preferred to that of the male.

389 Chumbuck.--Cool and decreases corpulency; is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzr Mukunatees.

390 Chundurkanth.--Its taste is sweet and astringent; it is cool and aperient, strengthens the eyes, reduces corpulency, cures boils and eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzrool Kummur.

391 Chundsoor.--Vide Haloo. "Lepedium Sativum."

392 Chundun.--"Santalum Album, W. or Sirium myrtifolium." P. Sandal Suffed. A little bitter; cool, dry, and light; is cardiac and exhilirates the spirits; is tonic; an antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, allays thirst, heat in the chest, clears the complexion. Its real name is Ujelah. Chundun, and Rukut Chundun is the name for red Sandal.

393 Chundunsarba.--A name for white Kalesur.

394 Junth.--The name of a large tree, like the peepul; its leaves like those of the tamarind; it is prickly, and its bark white.

395 Jawansa.--P. Khar Shooter. It is sweet and bitter, cool, light, and aperient, cures bilious disorders and those of the blood. Also vertigo. Hedysarum Alhagi.

396 Choke.--Bitter, soft, and emetic, useful in foulness of the blood, mucus, poisons, worms, flatulence, itch and Juzam. "Maadentezerrubad."

"Choke is a medicine of India, it is a black juice, very acid, soft, cool, and dry, increasing appetite, promoting digestion, stomachic and astringent, lessens the secretion of bile, and injuries of the tendons. Its corrector is sugar; its succedaneum Bejowra, dose 1/2 to 1 direm."

397 Chowlai or Chowrai, "Amaranthus Polygamus." One kind of it called also gunder; a kind of culinary greens, used by the people of India; cool and dry, useful in bilious disorders, mucus, and blood, and is diuretic and aperient. It is stomachic, promotes digestion, and cures eruptions from vitiated bile. Another kind of it is named mursai; cool, heavy, and aperient; useful in seminal weakness, and disorders of the three secretions. A. BokulÊ Yemania.

398 Juhi.--A small white flower, also a yellow kind. In the Dhunteri, it is said there are three kinds of it, a white, yellow, and purple. It has a sweet smell, and some have called it a species of jessamine. In Delhi it obtains the name of Jahee Juhi, but these two words are, properly speaking, distinct names for different flowers, and the author of the Echtyar Casmi has described them separately. It is cool and beneficial in affections of the eyes, and increases wind and mucus. "Jasminum Auriculatum."

399 Juwar.--"Holcus sorghum." A. Zoorra. A grain; sweet to the taste, cool and producing wind, useful in mucous disorders and bile, and in my opinion is difficult of digestion. It is aphrodisiac, and if eaten to excess, produces flatulent pains in the bowels. One kind is named Mukaiy, and possesses the same properties.

400 Joonk.--A name for an Indian plant, about a yard high, more or less; its leaves are small, and its seed about half an inch in length, resembling a leech; sweet, cool, heavy, and useful in gonorrhoea, cures wind, bile, and phlegm. Its leaves are very mucilaginous, and the children of India play with the pods, sticking them to their bodies like leeches. It grows in the rains, and usually in uncultivated places.

401 Juhan.--A kind of anise seed, commonly called Adjwain Kermanie. I have described its properties under the head Adjwain.

402 Jawakhar.--A name for Nuttroon; pungent, hot, and aperient; useful in affections of wind, mucus, dropsy, pains in the bowels, dysuria, and is lithontriptic. In the Maadentezerrubad, it is written, that it is hot and dry, diuretic and aperient, useful in disorders of mucus, wind, dropsy, pains in the bowels; is lithontriptic, and beneficial in the spleen and indolent tumors.

403 Chouch.--A large and small kind; pungent and hot; astringent and sweet; inducing costiveness; stomachic; beneficial in cholicks, inflammatory pains in the spleen, and other pains in the bowels. It is a favorite ingredient in many formulÊ.

404 Chehtaon.--A tree of India; aperient, and useful in disorders of mucus and wind; also in Juzam, boils, and eruptions.

405 Jholputtur.--A kind Asheer; cool, light, and cardiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile, and diminishes the volume of blood.

406 Cherakakoli or Chershookla; also Chermudera; sweet, cool, heavy, aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders of blood, bile, heart-burn, dryness of the mouth, thirst, fever, emaciation and dropsy.

In the Dhunteri, it is also said to promote digestion, and to be pleasant in flavor, and agreeable in its effects; to cure suppression of urine and pains in the chest. It also is used as a cephalic. It is said to cure affections of mucus, Juzam and worms, and to cause an increase of bile; it is commonly known by the name of Nuckchickenie. Vide N.

407 Choonderdhan or Jowdhan.--A kind of rice, called also Rukitsaal.

408 Cherie.--The goat; its flesh is moist and heavy, but easy of digestion; useful in disorders of the three secretions; produces no heat at stomach, increases semen, and renders the sense of smelling more acute: it is also called Bukeri. A. Mehyr.

409 Jeengha.--A kind of shell-fish; hot and dry; those newly taken are to be preferred; they are aphrodisiac, aperient, and grateful to the taste. This may generally be true, but bad effects have followed their use, and that which is salted is melanagogue, or produces black bile; the corrector is oil of almonds. P. Muluch Diriae, A. Jeradool Bahr. Some have said that the Robean is the same fish.

410 Junkar.--A name for the deer Barasingha.

411 Jojakhar.--A name for nitre.

412 Chohara.--"The date. Phoenix Dactylifera." P. called KhoÛrma sunshekun; aphrodisiac; it is ate with milk. If the ChÛhara is bruised, and with salep and sugar boiled in milk, till nearly half the milk shall be evaporated, then drank, it will be found useful as an aphrodisiac, increasing the bulk of the solids, and if it digests easily, it will be found peculiarly useful. If roasted and eat with opium, it becomes astringent.

413 Chirr, and another kind, which is black; both are cold, and useful in disorders of all the secretions, heat of the body, and Juzam. P. Soombulutteeb.

414 Chereela.--In its properties it resembles SËleËchih, (Cassia Lignea.) P. Ooshna.

415 Jhow.--A name of Turfa. If bruised and mixed with vinegar it suppurates indolent swellings, and also scirrhous swellings of the spleen.

416 Cherkund.--A kind of Beedareekund, which is white.

417 Chundurseha.--A name for Mudukp˙rnie.

418 Choocheroo.--A name for SÌrphonka.

419 Jhirberie.--"Jujube." A name for wild Baer; is acid, cool, useful in bile, cardiac, and astringent: if dried and pounded, it is called B˙rchun; this possesses all its properties, but is more astringent.

420 Jyaphupp.--Another kind of it is Tersindiapurni; its seed is made into beads. It is also called Surupjea; it is astringent, strengthens the hair of the head, and darkens its color.

421 CheehurÊ.--A tree of India; there is another kind called Choobnuz, and a third kind S·toona. Its wood smells strong and rancid; it is hot and dry in the 3rd degree; it is very oleaginous and greasy. If its juice be expelled by heat and collected, it is excellent as an application in paralysis, and it also cleanses large foul ulcers. Its milk is pungent and heating, and it is an active poison, hot and dry in the 4th degree; applied to the skin, it blisters; it is used in swellings from cold. Its wood is used internally in loss of voluntary motion or insensibility and epilepsy, and it is said to be lithontriptic. It injures the lungs, and its corrector is oil of almonds and gum. The dose is 3 mashas.

422 Jeewuk.--Cool and aphrodisiac; increases semen and mucus; cures disorders of bile, wind, heart-burn, emaciation, and hectic fever.

423 Cheenuk.--A tree of Hindostan; hot; useful in boils and eruptions, affections of the heart and disorders of wind; it is astringent.

424 Jeewuntie or JeÈw˙nie or JÈw·; cool, sweet, moist, light; strengthens the system and eyesight; is astringent; useful in disorders of mucus, wind, and bile. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ, and it removes feverish heat. The people of India use its greens in the beginning of the cold weather as food; the small Jeewuntie being considered as one of the best of culinary vegetables. It is called also Saag Sherista. The large kind is named BheÈndoorie, from its more limited mode of spreading its branches, and the small kind, for the contrary reason, is called BÈldoÛrie: this spreads to a great distance, and creeps along whatever it comes in contact with. The fruit is like the cucumber.

The above is also the name of a flower, which in the Dhunteri is said to be aphrodisiac, and to clear the voice.

425 Jeewung.--Also Buthua. Its stem is red.

426 Cheedah.--The small pine (Senobir Jegheer); sweet; pungent during digestion; bitter, hot, moist, light; useful in windy disorders, and affections of the eyes, throat, and ear.

427 Cheenah.--"Millet. Panicum Italicum. Pan. Pilosum." P. Arzum. A. Dakhun. Its properties are nearly the same as the small seed called Kongnee.

428 Cheetul.--An Indian Deer, black and white, pyebald. Its flesh has the same properties as the Chikara.

429 Cheetah.--Its meat is hot and heavy; useful in disorders of wind, affections of the eyes and voice. In A. Phahus; it is also the name of a medicine mentioned hereafter.

430 Cheel.--"The Kite. Falco Cheela," Lath. Its meat is heavy, and increases disorders of the three secretions. In P. Gh˙llevaz. A. Hyd·t.

431 Jeepaul.--A name for Jamalgota.

432 Cheetah.--"Valerian? Plumbago Zeylanica or Plumbago Rosea, W." A medicine; one kind of which is red, the other purple; inside of a yellowish color; both woods are very thin, and both are pungent, bitter, dry, light, astringent, stomachic, and increase the powers of digestion. The red kind, mixed with strong vinegar, and rubbed hard on the spots of white leprosy till blisters arise, will have the effect of removing the complaint. A. Sheetrudj.

433 Cheea or Cheetkeh, both names for Hurr.

434 Khutchur.--A. Bagul. P. Astur. The mule. Its flesh increases strength; is aphrodisiac; it likewise increases mucus and bile.

435 Khergosh.--So called in Persian. The hare. Its Indian name is Suss·h. Vide S.

436 Kherboozah.--So named, both in Persian and Hinduee. It is hot, dry, light, and sweet; when ripe it increases bile, and is diuretic and lithontriptic. Its corrector is oxymel.

437 Khuss, also OsheËre.--In the hot weather it is used for cooling houses. It is cool, assists digestion; is astringent, and cures bilious disorders; also those of mucus and blood. It allays thirst, cures blisters and acne, general heat, dysuria, boils and eruptions; prolongs aphrodisia, and I have found it excellent as a cardiac and astringent.

438 Darhuld.--The wood of a tree called Huld. It is pungent and bitter; hot, dry, and useful in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood, in acne, seminal weakness, swellings of the body, marasmus, boils, eruptions, in affections of the eye, pain in the ear; is lithontriptic, and cicatrizes wounds.

In the Maadentezerrubad, is the following:

Darhuld is a wood of a yellow color; if bruised with Malageer, mixed with honey, and taken, it will be found excellent in marasmus, and as an external application in the itch.

439 Datoon also Danth or Danti, names for Hubboos Salateen. In Hinduee Jamalgota. "Croton Tiglium, W. Jayap·la, S." It is bitter, pungent, and hot; promotes digestion; cures bilious affections, also foulness of the blood, disorders of mucus, swellings of the body, dropsy, and worms. It is violently purgative, and clears off the three secretions, but more especially mucus and black bile. It is not a safe medicine for weakly people, children, or the aged; but it is proper for those of strong constitutions, such as the Highlanders or country people, on whom weaker medicines have little effect. I have seen some of the hill people eat from 5 to 10 of the nuts without producing more than two or three motions, whereas the people of this city (Delhi) find half a nut as much as they can well bear.

The small green substance in the centre or heart of the nut, ought to be thrown aside, as it is poisonous. I have given this medicine very often with great good effect, and it is a general favorite with the physicians of Hindostan. In cholicks attended with vomiting, I have prescribed it with good effect.

440 Daoodie.--A common plant, about half a yard high, on which grows white and yellow flowers; it is hot and dry, and the smell of the flowers removes disorders from cold on the brain by heating it. The powder of the flowers, in the quantity of 6 mashas, with sugar, is lithontriptic, and in the quantity of 3 mashas if it be boiled, and the decoction drank with sugar, it will also be found beneficial. If the flowers are boiled in oil, till the virtue be extracted, the oil will form an excellent external application in all affections arising from cold; a conserve of its flowers strengthens the stomach and the brain, and removes depression of spirits. The juice of the leaves is attenuating and suppurating. "Marigold, Chrysanthemum."

441 Dabeh.--A kind of grass; useful in suppression of urine; is lithontriptic; cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and removes pains in the urinary bladder.

442 Darum.--The pomegranate of the hills. "Punica granatum, W." It is very acid and astringent; it increases appetite and promotes digestion; is cardiac; decreases bile, removes depression of spirits, and the sweet kind decreases the 3 secretions.

"The bark of the root a cure for TÊnia. Boil 8oz. in 3lb. of water to a quart. Of this the patient takes a wine-glassful, and repeats it as the faintness will admit."

443 Darmee Saar.--The pomegranate seed. It cures disorders of bile. I have found its powder very useful in giving tone to the stomach and removing heated bile; it is also astringent. Mixed with medicines of a laxative nature, it is given in India on account of its tonic effects, and its preventing injury from other medicines.

444 Darma called also Soombulkhar, or rather it is a species of arsenic.

445 Dakh.--Cool, heavy, aperient; improves eye-sight; increases aphrodisia; removes fever, thirst, difficulty of breathing, affections of wind, bile, and blood, jaundice, dysuria, and heat of body. Its corrector is to be found in its acid, which cures mucous disorders and eruptions from vitiated bile, and the same effects will be produced by grapes without seeds. The hill grapes are acid, light, and useful in mucous disorders, but in some degree increase bile. Ungoor. The grape.

446 Daad Murden.--"Cassia Alata, W." The expressed juice of the leaves, mixed with salt, used for the cure of ring-worm.

447 Dooparia.--"Pentapetes PhÊnicia." The name of a common flower, of a rose color, and white, and flowers at noon. It is light, astringent, and cures disorders of mucus and bile.

448 Dutchina Virna.--Bitter and heavy in digestion; dry, and increasing wind; cures cough, boils, eruptions, disorders of bile, and affections of the eyes.

449 Durba.--A name for Doob, called also Shittb˙ra.

450 Durbhur.--A kind of Lawa. Vide L.

451 Dusmool.--A mixture of both kinds of PunjËmoÚl; it increases appetite; cures disorders of bile, mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough; decreases perspiration; removes morbid inclination to sleep, also fever, flatulence, pains in the bowels, and pleuritic affections.

452 Dukdoka.--A name for DoÚdhËe.

453 Dumna.--A kind of Murzunjoosh, called also Dawna; its leaves have a finer smell than the flower, and are very numerous. It is an antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of the blood and the three secretions, Juzam, nausea, and watery itch. Its properties are hot, and it is hurtful to those of the like temperament. Its smell causes dryness of the brain. The wild Dawna is the most powerful.

454 Dundundana.--A shrub about a yard high; its leaves like those of the Baer. It is a trefoil, and in the centre of the three leaves there is a capsule, which when ripe breaks and discharges the seed; it is of a whitish brown color, some more white than others; its seed resembles those of the safflower, but is longer and more broad. It is used as an ingredient in the first medicine given to a child at its birth to clear its bowels.

455 Doon also Shittb·ra.--The latter is white and cool; cures acne, disorders of mucus, bile, blood, thirst, and general heat. "Poa Cynosuroides."

456 Doodhee called also DukdÚka.--A grass of two kinds. The first kind does not rise from the ground; its leaves green; its fibres very small. The leaves like the Til. If the branch is broken, a white juice exudes like milk; from this it has derived its name; it grows about a span in diameter. The second kind has red branches, and is much about the size of the other; the first is the hottest and best. It is dry, heavy, and aphrodisiac; cures affections of wind and mucus, also Juzam and worms. It is flatulent; and a third kind of it called Mydha SeËngie; also a fourth JhËnawurha.

From the Maadentezerrubad.

Doodhee is of three kinds: The first large, called Meendha doodee; its tree like the Bael; its fruit like the Aak, and like it too, there is a cottony substance contained in it. Its flowers are white, and milk exudes from its broken branches. If the cottony substance be applied to the piles, and the patient seated over a hot place, that the cotton become well heated, it will cure the complaint. Its leaves are like the Paan. The second kind is very small, and remains spread on the ground; its branches are red, and its leaves thin; it is beneficial in gonorrhoea and in ulcers of the urethra. If it is bruised and eaten for a year, in the quantity that can be held in the palm of the hand, it will be aphrodisiac, increase the secretion of semen, make the hair black, and preserve the eyesight. The 3rd kind grows to the height of 7 or 8 inches, and is useful in seminal weakness and diabetes. If 9 mashas be taken with sugar, it will be useful in remedying a too hurried seminal evacuation and heartburns. The second kind is cool and dry. "Euphorbia hirta."

457 Doodee.--A name for Hubb-ul-neel. A purgative seed, beneficial in affections of bile, mucus, piles, worms in the belly and rectum, in badgola, and is an antidote to poisons.

458 DoÛdputeya.--A name for Chirkakolie, another kind of which is called Kakolie.

459 Doodka.--A name for Doorie; cures superabundance of wind, mucus, phlegm, piles, worms, Badgola, and is an antidote to poisons.

460 Dhamin or Dhunoon.--A prickly tree, astringent and light, and useful in disorders of phlegm, bile, blood, and in cough.

461 Dhunjawasa.--A kind of J·w·ss·; its properties the same.

462 Dhadahwun.--The name of a tree, useful in disorders of phlegm, wind, poisons, Juzam, piles, and Sunpat. Sunpat is a disease consisting of loss of sensation and universal chilliness and numbness.

463 Dhaw.--"Grislea Tomentosa, Roxb. Lythrum Fructicosum, Linn." A prickly shrub, cool and useful in bilious disorders, mucus, piles, marasmus, &c.

464 Dhawa.--A tree, the flowers of which are generally known; it is also called Dhatki, bitter, pungent, astringent, cool, light, and curing laxities of the bowels; useful in disorders of bile and blood, and is an antidote to poison; is vermifuge, beneficial in acne, and is a little intoxicating; it is also recommended in prolapsus ani, menorrhagia, and hÊmorrhoides; it is said to be equal in its properties.

465 Dhatura.--"Datura Metel. W. Datura Stramonium." A plant about a yard high, more or less. It has numerous branches, like the Benghen plant; it grows wild, and is also cultivated; its leaves are like those of the Abassie; its seed vessel like the walnut, or rather larger; it has small prickles on its surface, and is filled with seeds. There are several kinds of it. One has a black flower, and also a blackish seed vessel: another is white; the first is seldom met with, and is the strongest of any; the flower is of the shape of the Toorhee, (a wind instrument, a trumpet.) It is hot, heavy, and promotes appetite, but produces vomiting; useful in disorders of phlegm, poison, itch, worms, and nausea; clears the complexion, cures fevers, Juzam, boils, and eruptions, as also many other disorders. It is a very active poison; its corrector is cotton, leaf for leaf, seed for seed, flower for flower; its nut is to be chosen in preference for medical use. If the root of the black Dhatura be kept in the house, it will be productive of both good luck and a good name; if it be dried in the shade, and taken in conjee to the quantity of 9 mashas, all white hair will fall from the head and black hair grow in its place. If the root be dried and pounded to the quantity of 160 direms, and mixed with 80 direms of cow's ghee, and placing it on the fire in a new vessel, form it into the consistence of sweetmeats, then tying up the mouth of the vessel close, place it for 40 days among paddy, at the expiration of which time, let the person bathe and give alms to the poor; and let him take out the preparation, and eat as much as he can take up between two fingers, daily for 40 days, fasting; and nothing used as food except rice and milk, abstaining from all acids; lost strength will be restored, youth renovated, the hair never will become white, and it will prove aphrodisiac.

If the black Dhatura be bruised and mixed with goat's milk and sugar, and boiled, it will cure barrenness in women.

If the flowers of the black Dhatura be bruised, mixed with honey or cow's ghee, and a little of your own blood added, and this used as a Tilak, or ornament on the forehead betwixt the eyes, whoever sees it will become your slave, be it man or woman. If a woman so uses it, her husband will never forsake her!!

466 Dhunia.--"Coriandrum Sativum, W. Dhanyaca, S." Astringent, during digestion sweet, cool, dry, and moist in an equal degree; light, diuretic, carminative, and cardiac; increases appetite, cures disorders of wind, bile, phlegm, and blood. It is vermifuge, and useful in difficulty of breathing, cough, thirst, and piles; it lessens the seminal secretion.

467 Dhak.--A name for Palass, "Butea Frondosa."

468 Dholkudum.--A kind of Cudum.

469 Dhumaha.--A creeping plant, growing near the water, covered with thorns like the Jawassa, extending even to its flowers. It is small and green before it flowers, like the nightshade. In the Dhuntori, it is said to be pungent and astringent, useful in vertigo, chronic fever, and disorders from poison. In dropsy, vomiting, seminal weakness, and delirium, it is beneficial. I have given it with those medicines which clear the blood, and I have found its effects to be like the Jawassa, some indeed call it a variety of this. It is said to be hot and dry in the 2nd degree, others have called it equal. Heated, bruised, and applied to indolent tumours, it will be of use.

470 Dhaie..--Increases the three secretions; it is called by the physicians of India hot and moist, that of the cow is the best. It is astringent in its effects, restrains hemorrhage from piles, and the following R. is known by experience to be excellent.

Take 1/2 a pow (4 ounces) of dhaiÈ, 4 1/2 mashas of moist rice, fried in the husk (Lahie), 2 mashas of dried ginger; stir the dhaie well till it becomes thin, add a little water, and then add to it the fried rice, bruise and pound the ginger, and sprinkle it in. This must be ate daily for a week, when it will so effectually stop the bleeding from piles, that it will not return.

471 Dhanqie or Dhaoie; cool and of a bitter taste; light, allays thirst, is astringent, vermifuge, and antidote to poisons.

472 Dhawnie.--A name for Perishtpirnee.

473 Dheerukmola.--A name for Saalpurnie, deriving its name from the large size of its root.

474 Dhendus.--It resembles the Quince, with a green rind; the people of India eat it, dressed with and without meat; it is preferable to the cuddoo; cool, beneficial in bilious disorders, and quick of digestion.

475 Deodar called also DÈodarie. The name of a tree; the wood of which bears the same name; it is resinous; hot and beneficial in wind, phlegm, costiveness, piles, and fever. "The Fir tree."

476 Deomun.--A name for Mahumeed.

477 Raab.--Treacle; it is heavy; strengthens the system; is diuretic; increases perspiration, and the three secretions.

478 Raje Umber.--A fruit of India; sweet, cool, astringent, and useful in disorders of mucus and bile.

479 Rassun..--Commonly called Raisun or Rowasun; a tree about the size of a Baer tree, or larger; it is a weak biennial plant, but grows rapidly when transplanted. Its leaves grow on both sides of a centre stem, like the Tamarind, and it is rather longer: the tree grows straight from the root. The author of the Topha has described it as a root, and says that the people of India call different medicines by the former names, but they are both the same, and it is the common kind that I have described. Its pod is like the Lobeia (bean.) The flower is outside yellow and inside red, with a tinge of yellow. Its leaves contract in the night and unfold in the morning. Some have called it sweet and cool, and have described many varieties of it, white, yellow, red, and grey; but I fancy the difference is merely confined to the color of the flowers; some have said that it diminishes strength. Its flowers are peculiarly beautiful. If its leaves are bruised and applied moist to swellings, it either resolves the tumour or hastens suppuration; it is bitter and heavy, cures disorders of wind and mucus, swellings of the body, difficulty of breathing, eruptions from suffusion of bile, itchiness in the stomach, dropsy, and increases the powers of digestion.

480 Rajejakha. A medicine of India; astringent to the taste; dry, heavy, and astringent in its effects; increases wind and foecal evacuation; decreases appetite, and adds to the secretion of milk.

481 Rajehuns.--A name for Purse·washan.

482 Rai.--"Sinapis Ramosa, Roxb. sp. ch. Annual, erect, ramous siliques expanding, linear, vertically compressed, smooth; leaves petioled, lower lyred; superior, sublanceolate, (Roxb. MS.) Murray II. 398, Woodville III. 409." Cool, bitter, hot, and dry; beneficial in mucous disorders, itch, and Juzam; is vermifuge, stomachic, and increases diffusion of bile. A. Khirdul.

483 Raang.--Stannum, Tagarum, Tam. Hot, dry, light, and soft; strengthens the eyes; is vermifuge; useful in marasmus, difficulty of breathing, and a deficiency of bile. A. Rusas.

In the Maadentezerrubad, it is thus described: Raang is called in P. Kaley; cool in the 2nd degree, and moist in the 1st degree. Calcined, it is slightly cool and dry. If a piece of this Kaley be put into a pot with meat, you may boil it as long as you please, but the meat will not be properly boiled. The Kaley for internal use is calcined, the dose from one to two soorkh.

483 Raal.--Bitter and astringent; cool, heavy, and inducing costiveness, cures Deojur, acne, boils, eruptions, fever, and cracks in the thickened cuticle of the feet; and it lessens perspiration. A. Kaar, also Kikahur. It is said also, that if put into a pipe with tobacco, and one whiff taken the 1st day, two the second, three the third, and so on, it will be found very useful in ulceration of the lungs. Maadentezerrubad.

484 Ramputtrie.--"Maadentezerrubad." An Indian flower which I have not seen, but which I understand to be like the rose; its properties are, that if it is well rubbed with mercury, it will kill it, and both united form a black mass. More of its properties I know not.

485 Rajeneemboophile.--The sweet lime; it is heavy, and useful in bilious disorders and wind. In my opinion it is a cool cardiac, and decreases heat and thirst.

486 Raibele.--A name for Bael. The wild kind is called, Kynd.

487 Rashna.--Bitter and slow of digestion; cures cough, wind, disorders of blood, and is an antidote to poison, dropsy, and mucus, and it promotes digestion. Its leaves, root, and branches are used in medicine.

488 Rajdooree.--A name for Jewuntee.

489 Raje Ummur.--A name for Umbarie Burrur. It is cool, sweet, and astringent, cures some affections of the mouth and phlegm.

490 Rasie.--A name for Rudd.

491 Ruttunjooth.--A medicine of India. Its leaves are green, and its branches red and yellow; if its branches be bruised in sweet oil, and applied to the head, it will cure Tinea Capitis. Its name is also Abookhoolsa. P. Cheojoora. It is a native of the hills; it is also said to relieve weakness of sight by causing a copious flow of tears, when externally applied.

492 Rattaloo also Runtaloo. A culinary root, common in India; sweet and pleasant to the taste, cool and slow of digestion; removes oppression on the spirits, bile, and general heat. It increases semen, strengthens the system, and adds to the bulk of the solids. "Dioscorea."

493 Ruttun.--A name of J·w·her. Ruttun (the word) used by itself means Almass; but all compounds obtain the name of Jaw‡her; it possesses all the six properties.

494 Rudd.--A name of Rassie. It is cool and heavy; strengthens the body; removes disorders of wind and mucus, increases semen, and during digestion is pungent and sweet.

495 Roodwunti.--A plant very generally useful.

When the Pookhnichittur shall happen on a Sunday, take the root, leaves, flowers, and branches, taking care that your shadow does not reach them; leave them five nights in the dew, and then dry them in the shade. Four mashas ate with sugar and honey daily, will be found aphrodisiac. If it be washed for 21 days in the juice of the plantain tree, then bruised and washed in the juice of the Moondie, sugar taken and boiled in the juice of the plantain tree, and a little of the Roodwunti added to it, then adding cloves and cardamoms one tolah each, musk and camphor each 1/2 tolah, and the whole made up into balls of a tolah each, and one eaten daily in boiled milk, it will be found aphrodisiac. If it is taken simply, mixed with sugar, it will have an aphrodisiac property.

Another account.

Of the Roodwunti there are four kinds, black, white, red, and yellow, male and female; the female is distinguished by some of its leaves dropping water. It grows in a moist or watery soil, near Gwallior; it is green, and its leaves and branches resemble gram. The leaves of the male kind are said to transmute metals, and are considered very valuable on that account. If one part of this, half a part of Tirphilla, one-fourth part of Tircoota, and the bulk of the whole of sugar be bruised and sifted, and as much ate with cow's milk, as may be held in the palm of the hand, it will cure all disorders to which the human frame is subject, and transmute old age into youth. Maadentezerrubad.

If the leaves are rubbed on silver, and that put into the fire, it will become yellow; if the leaves are thrown into melted tin, it will assume the appearance of gold. If mercury be put into the juice of its leaves and well stirred about, then boiled in milk or vinegar, it will become yellow. If the green leaves be dried, pounded, and taken to the quantity of 9 masha for 14 days, the hair will never become white. If one direm of this and 14 direms of honey, with 10 direms of cow's ghee, be well stirred up together and taken every morning, the body will become strengthened, and the hair remain black. Two direms ate with sugar, will increase appetite, and cure seminal weakness and pains in the bowels. If its leaves are used as a cephalic, it will remove the effects of poisons. Some call it Roowunti; it is hot and dry.

495' Roodraz.--Commonly used in India for making beads which are much esteemed. It is bitter, pungent, hot, and vermifuge; rectifies an overflow of blood or a suffusion of bile in the blood; cures mucous affections and head-aches. Is useful in disorders of children, and is an antidote to poisons.

496 Ruswut.--"An extract from the root of the Amomum Anthorhizum, Roxb." Bitter and pungent; hot; beneficial in mucous disorders, affections of the mouth, eyes, boils, and eruptions. In A. Huzzood. "Mixed with equal parts of alum and opium, rubbed up together with a little water, it is perhaps the best application in ophthalmia ever used, applied all round the eye." Trans.

497 Russ.--In P. called Sheera. When written singly, it means the juice of the sugar-cane. It is moist, aperient, and promotes digestion, and removes flatulence.

498 Rusunjeen.--A name for Ruswut.

499 Russ Kapoor.--"An oximuriate of mercury." A medicine of India, resembling the Sumbulkhar; hot and dry in the 3rd degree. It is a poison, but is very useful in Lues Venerea; it affects the gums, loosens the teeth, and debilitates the stomach. Its corrector is milk and butter; its succedan is DarshÈkina: the dose one soorkh.

500 Rekhbuk or Rekhbukh, or Rekhba. The title given to any medicine that promotes digestion. It is cool, strengthens the system, increases semen and mucus, cures disorders of bile and blood, heat at stomach, emaciation, wind, and hectic fever; it increases mucus.

501 Recktaal or Rukitkund, a kind of PÈndaloo.

502 Ruckitchunden. Pterocarpus Santalinus, W.

Racta Chundana, San. A name for real Sanders wood. Sweet, bitter, cool, heavy; it strengthens eye-sight, induces costiveness; creates nausea, cures thirst, disorders of the blood, bile, fevers, and boils or other eruptions.

503 Rukitsal.--Red rice. A kind of Santi; it is light and is very beneficial; increases strength, clears the complexion, removes disorders of the three secretions; is diuretic, clears the voice, increases semen and wind, and removes general heat.

504 Rukitphoop.--A variety of the KanaÈr; some say it is a kind of the Biscopra; it is called by both names.

505 Rungni.--Pungent and hot; destroys appetite; cures cough, asthma, mucus, and fever from mucus and wind. The white Rungni is pungent and hot; increases eye-sight; consolidates (amalgamates) mercury; promotes appetite, loosens phlegm and wind.

506 Rungtirra.--Called also Sungtirra. It derives its name from the Emperor Allam Gheer the 2nd, because he used it as a medicine; and because no name of a stone can ever be mentioned in the presence of the Emperor, instead of Sungtirra it was therefore called Rungtirra.

507 Rawasun.--A name of Rasun.

508 Rohoo.--A name for Shobooth. It is slightly astringent, and in a small degree increases bile; also gives general strength. I have found it beneficial as an aphrodisiac in strengthening the system and increasing semen; but I have observed that if it does not digest easily it weakens the stomach and produces much mucus; its corrector is ginger, honey, or other medicines of a hot and dry quality.

509 Roohus.--Vide Kundhul.

510 Roopa.--Called also Roopuk. (Silver.) Astringent, moist, cool, aperient, cardiac, and stomachic. It augments the strength of youth, and preserves meat from becoming putrid; decreases fat, strengthens the brain and bones, and thickens semen, decreases corpulency, and cures disorders of wind and bile. It forms an ingredient in all famous recipes. Its calx is called Roopruss, and it is more powerful than any other. Ranga resembled it in its properties, also Gold.

511 Rooi.--When very old, if stuffed into the nose, it promotes the discharge of every thing offensive from the brain. It also cures disorders in the head, the consequence of indigestion, as also hemicrania. A. Kotun (Cotton.)

512 Romus or Mudwal. A name of Bindaloo.

513 Rohni.--Of two kinds, both astringent and cool; beneficial in worms in the stomach, and affections of the throat, which it also clears.

514 Roheera.--A medicine of India; laxative; useful in wind, Badgola, affections of the liver and spleen, and in dropsy.

515 Rahusphill.--A kind of Mowa.

516 Reewudj.--The name of a shrub, cool and useful in suppression of urine, general heat, disorders of the three secretions, and blood; its tree is astringent and hot; cures disorders of the mouth, and is an antidote to poisons; it is vermifuge, cures itches, boils, and wounds, and disorders of the blood and mucus. It prevents the effects of evil-eyes, or demoniacal possession.

517 Reech.--The Bear. Its taste is sweet, cool, and heavy; it is aphrodisiac, and removes affections from wind. P. Khirs.

518 Reenga.--The fruit of the Sumhaloo; produces appetite, clears the uterus after parturition; increases knowledge and bile.

519 Reetha.--"Sapindus Saponaria. The soap-nut, soap-wort." Hot, and useful in disorders of the three secretions, and in blood. This however does not coincide with the result of my experience, but I have found it useful in cases of hemicrania, as a cephalic used in the opposite nostril: prevents demoniacal possession. A. Bunduck Hindui.

520 Rewind.--"Rheum Palmatum. Rhubarb." Laxative, stomachic, and astringent; and if taken after meals with rose water, it promotes digestion and strengthens the bowels. It removes mucus from the pylorus.

521 Zeera.--"Cuminum Cyminum, W. Jiraca, S. Cumin seed." Hot and dry; light, stomachic, astringent; increases knowledge, clears the uterus; and of use in disorders of that viscus; it relieves flatulence, Badgola, and vomiting.

522 Zeerki.--A name for Zuerishk.

523 Zachmeheath.--A small shrub, growing close on the ground, covering it with its foliage; it is found by the side of fields of water; it is of two kinds, the leaf of one small and thin, those of the other broad and thick. The first kind is excellent in the cure of piles: thus, dried in the shade, pounded, sifted, and taken every morning in the quantity of a palmful with water, for fourteen days; and every night at bed-time, taking 12 mashas of K˙nd Sia, and during its use abstaining from all acids, or other things, which may produce wind.

524 Zerki.--A name of pepper, called also K·la Dana.

525 Zumiekund.--A name for Soor˙n.

526 Sanbir.--A name for Sembile.

527 Saarba.--A medicine of India, of two kinds, both sweet, moist, and heavy; produces semen, and is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of wind, bile, mucus, menorrhagia, and colliquative diarrhoea in fever.

528 Saramill or Sarumluk, or Saral.--The author of the Dara Shekoi has described this as a medicine of India, and in other works that I have consulted, it is called Sangterra. In taste it is astringent, and heavy; beneficial in disorders of wind; and increases mucus and bile.

529 Saluk or Salook.--A flower, q. vide.

530 Sagown or Saag.--A tree of the hills of Hindostan: the upper surface of the leaves is hard and raised like a file. Some say that this is the Pheelgosh (Elephant's ear), from its resemblance to the ear of the Elephant; it is cool, and useful in disorders of wind and blood. "Tectona grandis."

531 Saalpernie or Saloom.--A medicine of India; heavy, cures fever, difficulty of breathing, and disorders of wind, bile, and mucus; it produces nausea, restrains diarrhoea, beneficial in dryness of the seven dhats, strengthens the system, is aphrodisiac, and forms an ingredient in all the favorite formulÊ. In the Dhunterri it is written, that in its taste it is pungent; having small and green leaves, the seed-vessel about an inch long, seed small and numerous; curing chronic fevers, seminal weakness, and swelling of the body. It is said to be hot. "Hedysarum Gangeticum."

532 Saalie.--A tree of the hills, of which elephants are very fond, and which soon brings them into good condition. It cures boils and eruptions, disorders of blood and mucus, and restrains diarrhoea. Its branches quickly take root by being planted, and when used as posts for the support of a roof, it quickly covers the whole with its foliage.

533 Saaltie.--Commonly called Kaphoor Kutcherie; cool light, astringent; promotes digestion, cures cough and disorders of the blood. A species of Kachoor, having a pleasant smell like Camphor.

534 Saaje.--A name for Serje, q. v.

535 Sawang.--A culinary grain, used by the villagers; it is smaller than the Badjera, is smooth and pointed; it grows also wild, of a smaller size. It is cool and dry; useful in bilious disorders and mucus, and dries the seven d'hats.

536 Saal.--Sweet to the taste and pungently sweet in digestion; cool, light, astringent; cures disorders of wind, bile, and mucus, and preserves the health. There are other kinds of this, but this is the one to be preferred. One kind is red, called Rakitsal; it is nearly of the same nature, (a kind of rice).

537 Salamookh.--A kind of rice like the former.

538 Saro.--(Myna). Its meat is dry and moist in equal degrees; increases knowledge and appetite, strengthens the system, removes laxities of the bowels, useful in bruises and hurts, relieves cough, lessens mucus and hectic fever; it is called Sawur, and in A. Zerzore, P. Sharug.

539 Sabur.--A kind of deer, whose skin is used in covering sheaths for swords, and by the lower classes and hunters as lining for their clothes. Its meat is sweet; in digestion it is cool, moist, and heavy; increases mucus, and cures disorders from diffusion of bile.

540 Sarass.--A species of heron, "Ardea Antigone." A large bird, with a long neck and legs, of a lead color; the male lives always with his mate. Its flesh is cool, moist, and heavy; strengthens the system, decreases urine and fÊces, cures disorders of wind, blood and bile.

541 Saamp.--The Snake. Its meat is moist and heavy, is vermifuge, and kills worms in the rectum; increases knowledge, strengthens the system. If the old skin when shed be bruised and applied to the eyes, it increases the strength of vision; and if burnt, and its ashes rubbed on parts where no hair grows, it will reproduce it. Snakes avoid its smell when burning, and if the whole skin be tied round the thigh of a woman in labor, it will facilitate the process. P. Mar.

542 Saal.--The name of a common tree, the wood of which is generally useful. It is cool and astringent; cures disorders of wind, mucus, poisons, boils, eruptions, and is beneficial in burns. A. Saage.

543 Satoon.--A name for Chitoor.

544 Sip Kullie.--The Lizard. A. Saamaberus, P. ChillpusÊ. It does not frequent those places where saffron is kept. If split open and applied to a part where a thorn or arrow may have entered deep, it will effect its extraction by suction.

545 Soopearee.--"Areca Catechu." Astringent, cool, dry, and heavy; cures disorders of mucus and bile, increases appetite; removes bad taste in the mouth; when fresh it is very heavy and produces flatulence; is diaphoretic; injures appetite and eyesight, and causes a prolonged retention of semen.

546 Subskun.--A name for Baraikund.

547 Sutarie.--The juice of the Soopearee tree; it strengthens the teeth and stomach, contracts the vagina, and cures leucorrhoea; it is intoxicating.

548 Setoopula.--A kind of sugar.

549 Setawur,--also Setawurie or Shetawur, vide S.

550 Sutputtrie.--A name for Roocha, vide R.

551 Sutsar.--A kind of cucumber.

552 Suteepulas.--A kind of Kutchoor.

553 Soocherakhar.--The common Sedjee, (impure carb. of soda.) This name is given to the purer sorts. If 3 mashas be mixed with a cupful of dhaie, it is useful in cholicks. If mixed with lime juice, it is used to write on stone, and the stone placed on a slow fire as long as you can snap your fingers 100 times, and then taken off, when the writing will be found white and permanent. The physician Nouruddee has mentioned this to be the case.

554 Sedarth.--Pungent and bitter, hot and dry; cures disorders of mucus, itch, Juzam, apthÊ; is vermifuge, and promotes appetite, but causes diffusion of the bile in the blood, and its consequent disorders. The green leaves are heavy and cool. In my opinion they are hot, and obstruct the flow of urine, increase indigestion, and disorders of the three secretions. The above is a white kind of Sersom, the name taken from the Sanscrit.

555 Sud Sohaung.--The name of a red flower in India; its leaves three-cornered, serrated; it is cool, and beneficial in disorders from poisons, bile, blood; in dropsy and nausea; 3 mashas of this bruised and taken with water is useful in gonorrhoea.

556 Suda Khar.--A salt from a grass, very hot, and is used for cleansing lardaceous matter from sores; it increases the opening in boils, but decreases strength.

557 Sudaphill or Sudeephill.--A name for Bale.

558 Sudagolab.--A flower like the rose. Its tree is larger than the rose-bush, and its flower has a different smell; it is always in flower, from which circumstance it derives its name. I have not seen this noticed in any other work of India, but it is probably the Koocha: q. v.

559 Surphoka.--A plant of India, about a yard in height or sometimes more. It is very common; it is also called Joojer, and is a kind of Chirchirra Soorkh. It is bitter, astringent, and light; cures disorders of the liver and spleen, boils and eruptions, and cough; is an antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of the blood, difficulty of breathing, and fever. I have found it very beneficial in clearing the blood, and useful in correcting bile, curing itch, lues, and other eruptions.

560 Serje.--A name for Saaje. "Tectona grandis."

561 Sooryalee.--A plant about 6 feet high. I have seen it in Hissar in abundance; it grows in the rains and spreads over the sides of houses, its stem is then about an inch in diameter; its branches also thin, and of a bright red colour; its flowers are beautiful, white and red; when ripe it in some degree resembles wheat; its flowers are crooked. It is aphrodisiac.

562 Sirpund.--Aperient; cures general swellings, and disorders of wind and bile.

563 Sericbans.--Useful in mucous disorders and affections of the eyes.

564 Seriss.--"Mimosa Seris," called also Sereeka; a very large tree of India. Its flowers have a sweet smell, and are very beautiful; it is cool, cures boils and eruptions, poisons, aches, and swellings. If a decoction of the leaves be taken internally in ophthalmia, and the juice of the leaves dropped into the eye, it will be very useful, and this I have tried. The bark of the tree dried and pounded is excellent when sprinkled on foul ulcers, in which too it kills maggots. The smell of the flower is useful in head-aches and hemicrania, in cough and in jaundice. If the root of the white Seriss be kept in the mouth, it lengthens aphrodisia. Some have called this Layetoolatees. If the seeds be bruised with water, and this dropt into the eye, it will remove specks; the oil of the seed is also very effectual for this purpose.

Maadentezerrubad.

"Seriss is among the Indian physicians, hot and dry, and in the opinion of some cool and dry; it cures swellings and wind. If the bark of the stem, the bark of the root, with the flowers and seeds of each, 3 mashas, be bruised, sifted, and mixed with cow's urine, and taken thrice a day, it will cure the bite of a snake, and for one whole year no reptile will injure you. The bark of an aged tree is the best. When the sun shall be in the division Joura, if daily for three days, 6 mashas of the bark be taken in congee, it will render the person invulnerable to the bite of any noxious reptile for a year. If the oil be extracted by heat from the seeds, and applied to the white spots of leprosy, it will cure them."

565 Sirool.--Bitter, hot, and light; cures affections of the throat, ear, eye, and disorders of wind.

566 Sirsom or Seerkup. P. Sirshuph.--In India this is used to produce a very common oil; it is hot, and increases disorders of the mouth, and decreases mucus and semen; expels wind; is vermifuge, and if much be taken it will injure the eyesight; if a woman uses it during the lochial discharge, it will increase her strength and improve her complexion. One kind of this is white, and is called Sedarth, q. v.

"Sinapis Dichotoma, (Roxb. MS.) Sp. ch. dichotomous, siliques cylindric, smooth, spreading, bark straight and tapering, leaves stem-clasping; the lower somewhat lyred, superior ovate, lanceolate, entire, all are smooth, as are also stem and branches." Roxb.

567 Soorunkitki.--A kind of Ketki, like the Sinobir. It has twelve leaves or more in the flower, its scent is sweet and soft. The plant flowers only once in 6 or 7 years; both kinds are sweet, cool, bitter, pungent, and light, and cure disorders of mucus. The juice of the Keora is also used for the same purpose, and mixed with it, is cardiac. The Ketki is a variety of Keora.

568 Sirunmaki.--It is astringent, pungent, light, aphrodisiac and cardiac; cures Juzam, swellings of the body, piles, seminal weakness, pains in the urinary bladder, marasmus, disorders of the blood, and dropsy; is an antidote to poisons; cures hectic fever; clears the throat, and is an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ.

569 Seroopjeea.--A kind of Jeeaphup.

570 Seriepurnie.--A kind of Arnee, also called Gumbar.

571 Seroopbudder.--A name also of Gumbar.

572 Surwalla.--The name of a common shrub.

573 Sussa.--A name for the hare. The meat is sweet, cool, and light; induces costiveness, increases appetite, cures difficulty of breathing and sunpat, removes dysentery, and is both a medicine and article of diet.

574 Suffrie Amer.--The Guava, "Psidium pyriferum." Vide Anervade.

575 Segund Philla.--A kind of date.

576 Soogunass.--A name for Arloo.

577 Sillajeet, also Silladeet, Styrax or Storax; a balsam, pungent, bitter, and stimulating, more pungent in digestion; hot, cures seminal weakness, piles from cold, Juzam, dropsy, marasmus, difficulty of breathing, tabes, idiotism, swellings of the body, disorders of mucus and blood. Is vermifuge, lithontriptic, and otherwise generally useful. It in one of the most powerful remedies; is stronger than any other ingredient in whatever formulÊ it may form a part, and it increases the effects of all others; it is the favorite medicine of all Indian physicians.

Sut Sillajeet is the strongest, for this means Sillajeet in a refined state. I have found it excellent in gonorrhoea, and for thickening the seminal fluid; also for strengthening the kidnies and urinary bladder. The mode of preparing it, is as follows:

The Sillajeet is dissolved in water and placed in the sun in a new earthen vessel till it becomes thick, and its color assumes a reddish or yellowish hue; then it must be taken from the surface as much as is clean, and preserved in another new vessel; this too is placed in the sun, well protected from dust, till it becomes dry. This is the Sut Sillajeet, and what remains in the first vessel is again purified in the same manner for three different times, and each time the pure drug is dried as above. It is easily purified by fire, and more quickly; but this is much to be preferred. It is brought from the hills ready prepared.

Maadentezerrubad.

"Sillajeet is the urine of the hill wild goat, which when the animal is rutting, is discharged on the stones and evaporated by the sun's heat. It is found in small quantities, of a black color. It is hot in the 3rd, and dry in the 2nd degree. In the opinion of Indian physicians, it is useful in all kinds of seminal weakness, in swellings, in Juzam, epilepsy, diabetes, stone in the bladder, and in gravel. The Sillajeet is often mixed with lime, but the adulteration is discovered by the change of color. Some have said that it is the urine of the wild ass, found as above. The purified kind is the best. In Juzam, if ate for 40 days, it is a cure, and even in the last stages of the disease it is beneficial. It loosens wind and phlegm."

578 Sillaruss.--Hot and moist; increases eyesight and semen, and cures Juzam and itch. A. Myasayela.

579 Somooderphill.--A medicine of India, more black in color than the Hurr, of a square shape, and its corners of a red color; these, however, also become black from age; mixed with human milk and used as a cephalic, it will cause a discharge of all phlegm from the head. If mixed with the juice of the Gooma, it will cure hemicrania. The bark of the root is very efficacious in swellings of the hands and feet; and ate with salt and anise seed in warm water, it will be found excellent in pains of the bowels.

Some have named this Hubbooneel, but how far this is correct I know not.

Maadentezerrubad.