Chapter V: Front Matter (5)

"Somoderphill is hot and dry; if introduced into the nose with goat's milk or urine, it will cure head-ache, hemicrania, suppressed mucus, &c. If mixed with goat's urine and applied to the eyes, it will cure night blindness, and removes opacities in the cornea. Mixed with human urine, it is both ate and applied to the nose in bites of snakes, and with sheep's urine or buffaloe's dung is applied to the pubis in the cure of diabetes; mixed with turmeric, it is an useful application to the spots of white leprosy; with sugar, ate for the cure of seminal weakness; with aniseed, in pains of the bowels; with cow's urine, in hiccup; with dhaie, as an astringent; with ginger, in rheumatism; with human urine, in black jaundice; with cow's urine, in mesenteric obstructions of children; and for those who are dull of hearing, mixed with Bhangra or honey, as an application to the inside of the ear. In restrained or obstructed lochia, or retention of the placenta, with asafoetida; and with cloves and sugar, in intermittent fever."

580 Somooder Phane.--Sponge.

581 Somooder Lone.--Murias SodÊ. The sea salt; it is sweet and bitter, hot and cool, in equal degrees; tonic, anthelmintic, purgative; promotes appetite and digestion, cures disorders of wind, and corrects irregularities of bile and mucus.

582 Somoodersake.--Convolvulus Argenteus, also Ruttunmala.

Maadentezerrubad.

"A seed like the mustard; black and aperient, cool and moist, in the 1st degree; is aphrodisiac; strengthens the stomach, removes heat of urine, gonorrhoea, thinness of semen, the secretion of which it thickens and increases. It is astringent, and produces flatulence. Its corrector is sugar; its succed. Sireyara: dose six mashas."

583 Sungtirra.--The author of the Ayeen Akberry calls it Sontirra. A fruit of India of great esteem; it is of a yellowish red color, in shape like the apple, but larger. Its rind is fine, soft, and smooth, like the Sylhet orange, which it in all respects much resembles. It is large, sweet, and acid. There are different names for the different kinds of oranges, but this is the largest and best. It is in my opinion cool, cardiac, drying; allays heat and thirst, and prevents the ill effects of wind, loosens phlegm and bile, strengthens the stomach; is very grateful when ate with sugar; and its acid is less hurtful than many others. I have known a man of a bilious temperament, who told me that he always found relief from the use of this orange. The emperor was in the habit of eating it in Pilaus, when sweetened with sugar and rose-water, and thus used, he called it Rahut Jahn. It is thus rendered more cooling and more grateful to the taste. He also ate it when cooled in ice, and found it useful in giving tone to the stomach. The people of India use it with their food. If ate after having been sprinkled with a little salt, its acid will have less effect on the teeth, mouth, and throat; this however, can only be necessary when unripe or not of the best kind. "Many more trivial properties are ascribed to this orange in the original, which would only be waste of time and paper to record."--Trans. It is said to be hurtful in coughs, and colds.

584 Singhara.--"Trapa natuns." "Trapa Bispinosa." A common triangular water-nut, like the hermodactyls; it is the produce of ponds or reservoirs of water. When green and unripe, it is pleasantest to the taste; when ripe, it becomes hard, and when dried, more so; it is much employed in aphrodisiac formulÊ. It is sweet, cool, and heavy; cures bilious disorders, and those of blood; removes heat of the body, restrains laxities in the bowels, and increases semen. It is generally liked and universally eaten.

585 Sindoorie.--A name for Sud· Soh·gun.

586 Sunkaholie.--A small plant, with very thin branches like common grass; its leaves are very small; it is a creeper on the ground; its flower white and small, and looks very beautiful in the evenings or in moonlight nights. It is astringent, hot, and moist; aperient and aphrodisiac; increases memory, understanding, and perception, and likewise discrimination; cures seminal weakness, and forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ; cures gonorrhoea; and I have often used the bark of its root as an aphrodisiac and for increasing the consistence of semen. Some have called this Soorch.

587 Sunn.--"Crotalaria Juncea." A plant, the bark of which is used as hemp; it is usually sown around cotton fields. It is of two kinds, the second called Rasni. It is pungent and acid, and its leaves are used as a culinary vegetable; it is cool, heavy, and astringent. Its flower is used as an astringent in lochial discharge.

588 Sunkh.--A white shell of a very large size; cool, light; strengthens the eye-sight, cures mucous disorders, and those of bile and blood. A. Hulzoom. There is a small kind called Cowrie; if this be burnt and calcined, it will quickly dry up sores by being sprinkled over them.

589 Sebaloo.--or Sebalie, or Nindee, see N. Vitex Trifolia.

590 Sindoor.--The red oxide of lead, used externally. "Sindoora, S." Hot; cures acne and Juzam, and disorders of poison, boils, and eruptions; clears wounds; promotes the junction of broken bones. The ointment of this is very excellent in sores. The receipt is to be found in many other works.

591 Soomboolkhar.--"The white Oxide of Arsenic." It is white and like alum in color; it ought to be chosen thus: when rubbed on a crow's feather and put over the fire, if it does not smoke, and the feather becomes white, it is good. A. Toorabalhalik. There are six kinds of this, one named Sunkia, the third Godunta, the fourth Darma, the fifth Huldia; but each will be noticed under its own proper head. The Yunani physicians do not allow this to form a part of their prescriptions, as they believe it destroys the vital principle; and such medicines as are deleterious in their effects, such as opium, they always exhibit with correctors, for this reason such remedies are seldom noticed or used by them. The physicians of India, on the contrary, find these drugs more effectual in many disorders than others of less power, and such the calx of metals. For this reason too, I am in the habit of seldom giving these remedies internally, but I usually confine my use of them to external application, and as aphrodisiacs, which I prescribe to a few friends, who may have derived no benefit from Yunani prescriptions. It is better, however, to use as few of them as possible. The sixth kind is Hurtaal.

592 Sunkia.--A kind of arsenic.

593 Sunkhal.--A species of Bindaloo.

594 Sungjerahut.--It obtains its name from being useful in wounds. Throughout India it is also known by the name of Sungderaz. It is a stone of very soft consistence; cool and light; beneficial in fever, bile, asthma, pains in the chest, flatulence, and laxities in the bowels; and when used in ointment, dries up ulcerated parts, removes pain, and acts as an absorbent in the stomach and bowels. I have found it by experience to be extremely useful in the before-mentioned complaints, also in diarrhoea; in Hindostan it is called Surkoola.

595 Sungjoothka.--A name for Jui; having a white flower.

596 Soorinjoothka.--Also a name for the above; having a yellow flower.

597 Sonamukie.--A name for Marka sheesha. "Marcasite stone."

598 Sooroon.--A kind of Baharkund, called Zemeekund. A root, resembling a turtle, used in India as pickles; it is dressed with meat, and also used by itself; it is dry, light, and stomachic; useful in disorders of phlegm and piles; it produces eruptions from diffusion of bile, and some have called it difficult of digestion. Those who are in a reduced state, or have weak stomachs, had better not eat more than 20 direms. To my knowledge, it is much used in piles; it is said to be beneficial in cholics and pains in the bowels. It increases bile; and is hurtful in disorders of blood; it is also injurious to the throat. Its correctors are fresh dhaie, and being parboiled in water and the water changed. It may also be corrected by being boiled with tamarind or anula leaves. Enclosed in clay and roasted in an oven, the outer rind pulled off, it will be found less hurtful; in any other manner it irritates the throat. If used in powder, it must be skinned and dried in the shade; one kind of it is white inside, and of a purple color externally. A third is white on both sides; the former is the strongest: it is also named Soorunsona.

599 Soombullie.--Pungent and bitter, cures disorders of wind and mucus, and is an ingredient in favorite formulÊ.

600 Soos.--"The Porpus Delphinus." Its flesh is moist and heavy, cures disorders of wind, and increases semen and mucus. P. KhookmaiÈ. A. Delphine. The author of the Echtyarat has described this as a large fish of a black color, with a head like that of the hog.

601 Suer.--See Kual.

602 Suwa.--Its flesh is cool, dry, light, and astringents; useful in bruises; cures phlegm, cough, and hectic fever. A. Begha.

603 Soopee.--Any kind of fried pea, deprived of its shell.

604 Sona.--A precious metal; cool, heavy, and aphrodisiac; beneficial as an antidote to poisons, and in repressing the three secretions; used in mania, fever, and dryness; clears the complexion, and is an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. When prepared for use, it is called Mirganick.

605 Somph.--"Aniseed, Pimpinella Anisum." One kind of it is called Seethka, the other Sowa; the former means the largest kind; both are bitter, sweet, hot, and light; improves appetite; cure affections of wind and mucus; useful in cholic, boils, eruptions, and all disorders of the eyes, and increases bile. One kind, the latter, is used for disorders of females. A. Razeena. P. Valanbuzury.

606 Sonth.--"Amomum Zingiber." The dried root; moist and light; sweet during digestion, and hot; promotes appetite and digestion; allays vomiting, cures difficulty of breathing, cough, itch, affections of the heart, swellings of the scrotum, and swellings in general; rheumatic pains in the joints, pains of the urinary bladder, piles, and flatulence, and clears the voice. Pills made of Sonth are very generally beneficial, and the result of my experience I have published at full in my other works.

607 Sowa.--A. Shibbet. P. Wallankhoord. Hot, dry, and aperient; its smell soporific; its leaves hurtful to the stomach. The seed Dill. Anethum Sowa, Roxb.

608 Soonchur.--A name for the salt Soonchur, also Soonchill.

609 Soorjemooki.--A name for Adittbaqut. "Helianthus Annuus."

610 Sooderie.--Its smell is strong and penetrating, like an animal in the rutting season; pungent and hot; beneficial in wind and fever, and clears the voice; the black kind is used in various formulÊ.

611 Soubustanee.--A name for Valanchoord.

612 Sooe Junglie.--A name for Pitpapra.

613 Soonkullie.--A shrub hurtful to animals.

614 Sowall.--A name for Thaleeb. Cool; improves the color of the skin; cures remittents, and a little of it introduced into the parts of both sexes, useful in gonorrhoea.

615 Soorudjjhall--A name for Lootooperie.

616 Sohora.--Cures affections of blood and mucus, and restrains laxities of the bowels.

617 Sahunserbede.--A soft stone, of a dark-red color; cool and dry in the second degree; used by Indian physicians in disorders of blood, in laxatives from indigestion, acne, boils, psora, and infantile eruptions; given with milk or butter to the quantity from two to four soorkhs.

618 Sohunjena.--or Sahinjena, or Sajena, or Sekir. "Hyperanthera morunga, W. Sobhanjana, S. Guilandina moringa. The root of the tree scraped exactly resembles horse-radish, and is used as such in all parts of India. It is a rubifacient, and useful as a stimulant." A tree common in India; hot and light; useful in disorders of the eyes; creates appetite; restrains diarrhoea, cures disorders of wind, mucus, acne, and swellings of the body, affections of the spleen, boils, and eruptions, and cleanses the blood. It is of three kinds; the second kind, which is red, is said to be aperient and astringent; in other properties the same. Its flower is heavy and astringent; cures disorders of mucus, swellings of the body, and increases the wind. The people of India use its flowers as a pickle in oil, and my father used to recommend this pickle to those of a cold temperament, but it is prejudicial to the eyes; it is thus prepared:

The flowers are put into water for a day, and washed; a little mustard seed added, and the whole put into serson oil. This pickle is less hot than the plant. Pickle made from the root, removes wind; the leaves bruised and applied to ulcers, cleans and heals them.

619 Sahidei.--A plant about half a yard in height; its leaves like the Toolsi, cool and moist; useful in suppressed wind, fever, pains in the limbs, swellings of the throat; its use increases the complexion and volume of blood. It is used for killing mercury.

620 Sohaga.--A name for Tunkhar.

621 Sembill.--"Bombax Heptaphyllum. Silk-cotton Tree." A large tree of India; its leaves like the Jamin, but broader and more long, about half the breadth of the peepul and twice the length; in thickness, color, and mark, the same. Its flowers resemble the Bukaen when small, but when more advanced, it becomes more like the goolur, and when full grown, the flowers are as large as a large lime. It then spreads and becomes red; after this it again closes; the flower then falls, and leaves the seed vessel. The capsule is twice as large as that of the Mudar, and when ripe, is filled with cotton. I have ate of the flower when at its middle growth, and found it pleasant to the taste, but it produces flatulence. It is cool and aphrodisiac; induces corpulence; is astringent, and cures boils and eruptions, Juzam, and disorders of the blood and bile: some call its gum Moocherus, the author of the Topha for instance; but Moocherus is the gum or flower of the Phoopul tree. In the opinion of the physicians of India, the Sembill is a powerful medicine as an aphrodisiac. If the juice of the root be made into sherbet with equal part of sugar, it will increase age by restoring the vital energy, increase understanding and semen; the larger and older the tree, and the thicker the root, the greater its strength as a medicine. The small roots are cut into slices, dried on a rope, and sold; in this state, it resembles Bhamun Soorkh.

Ascetics have said, that the perpendicular root of a large full grown Sembill tree, cut in pieces, dried and reduced to a powder is powerfully aphrodisiac, in the quantity of 4 direms daily. I have taken this powder to the quantity of one tolah with sugar, and have also prescribed it with advantage; it strengthens the stomach, and is gently laxative. If given with honey, I conceive that its virtues will be increased. The author of the celebrated work Ahmed Ben Shirazee has told the following story, which I shall relate as nearly as may be in his own words. "I was," says he, "on a journey, when coming to a village in India, and being very thirsty, I met an old man from whom I requested water to drink; I observed that this old man had a peculiarly healthy appearance, and seemed plump and stout; he had a young woman with him, whom he sent to his house for water, and who brought it me to drink. I then asked him whether that young girl was his daughter; he laughing answered that she was his wife, and that he had three others equally young. I was somewhat surprised at this, and asked him if this was not too many for him; he replied no! More and more astonished, I asked him if this was really the case; he avowed it to be so. I then questioned him how he came to be endowed with so much strength, and how old he was; he told me that his age was 110 years, and related the following facts: That when 50 years' old he had already become aged and feeble, and was so much decayed in constitution, that he seldom rose from his bed, and when he did so, was obliged to support himself on a crutch. That a fakeer passing that way observed his feeble state, and feeling compassion for his helpless situation, asked him what ailed him: he replied, nothing; but that old age had come upon him. The fakeer then gave him a medicine which he had taken ever since, with an injunction to abstain from all acids: this he had done, and that the effect was such as I saw. He likewise told me that he had a son nearly 80 years of age, who had also used the fakeer's prescription, and who was much stouter and more healthy in every respect than he.

"Astonished at this relation, I procured the receipt, and thus hand it down to posterity.

"Take the white roots of a full grown, healthy Sembill tree, which is soft; cut them in pieces, dry them in the shade, and reduce them to a powder: sift it very fine, with equal parts of sugar, and over the fire, form it into an electuary: of this 5 direms are to be eaten daily, and no acid to be used.

"To this the old man swore, and brought his son and introduced him to me to prove the truth of his story. The son corroborated the assertion of his father, and added that he had ate the remedy only two years, when he became as he then was; certain it is, he had not a grey hair in his head."

622 Semb.--also SÈme. A common creeper; its leaves very green and small, broad in the centre and pointed: a smaller leaf rising from the same part of the stem; its flower is small and of a yellowish color. Its seed is like the pistachio nut, but more broad and longer in some degree, like the stone of the tamarind; it is called B·kl· Hindui; it is cool, astringent, flatulent, and from its astringency strengthens the stomach; is aphrodisiac; cures bilious disorders; increases mucus, and the Hindoos have recommended it for the cure of wind; but in this I do not concur, as it is rather apt to produce wind; they are however in the habit of recommending all medicines that procure a discharge of flatus. One kind is called Golesemb, also called Krishnphilla; its seed is larger and longer than the one now described; it is hot, and cures disorders of wind, bile, and mucus.

623 Sehoond.--A prickly plant, growing wild. A. Zakoom. It is so called, but the seed of the Zakoom is said to be like the Hurr, whereas the Sehoond has no seed; it is pungent, heavy, laxative; increases appetite, cures dropsy; is an antidote to poison, useful in affections of the spleen, Juzam, idiotism, marasmus, and itchiness of the bowels, flatulent swellings, badgola, swellings in general, and is lithontriptic. The best kind is red or of a rose color; its milk is also red, but if put on a cloth it becomes white. All kinds of it are used in transmutation of metals. There are several kinds in use for various purposes, the juice is an ingredient in many formulÊ.

624 Sisoo or Sishum, and another kind called Rusispa. It is a very common tree of Hindostan, large like the Jamin, and its wood is durable and excellent; it is not readily attacked by insects nor liable to decay. If cut down when the moon is in the wane, no insect will ever touch it; its leaves are small and round, a little inclining to oval, with very little point, like the leaf of the Semb. Its seed-vessel is light, and contains only two or three seeds; it is about half an inch long; both kinds of the tree are hot, and reduce corpulency. It also causes abortions; cures Juzam and white leprosy; is vermifuge; removes pains in the urinary bladder; useful in boils, eruptions, heat of body, disorders of the blood and mucus, and allays vomiting. It is particularly useful in disorders of the blood and cuticular eruptions; this is a favorite wood among Europeans. It is also useful in Lues Venerea, and is thus used: one and half masha of the filings of the centre or dark-colored wood is boiled in 3/4 pound of water, till only one-half shall remain, then strain and drink with the following plain sherbet: the same quantity repeated in the evening, and every five or six days. The sherbet of Morukub mixed or drank with it. This must be repeated for 14, or 21, or 40 days.

Receipt for the plain Sherbet.

Filings of the wood, a pound, infused in 12 lbs. of river water, for 24 hours, then boiled, and when half is evaporated, strain and add to it 3 rittals of sugar (23 ounces), and preserve for use. Six tolahs to be taken morning and evening, with the decoction above specified. If this is required of additional strength, four tolahs of Pitpapra is to be added when the decoction is nearly complete.

Receipt for the mixed Sherbet.

When the above sherbet is nearly ready for use, add to it Soorinjan (Hermodactyls), Irkhir (Camel's hay), each three tolahs and 9 mashas, separately bruised, strained, and gradually mixed; when fully boiled add 10 tolahs of senna, and take it from the fire. If this is required of additional virtue for the cure of foulness of the blood and Lues Venerea, add four tolahs of the Pitpapra before the others are mixed with it. Ten tolahs of this in the morning is to be used as before specified. No food to be used during the cure, except kullia, pillau, and bread; no acid to be admitted, and no greens of any description, and the day on which the mixed sherbet is taken, even bread is not to be eaten. "Dalbergia Sissoo. Roxb."

625 Sial "The Jackal." Its flesh strengthens the system, increases semen, cures disorders of wind and hectic fever. A. Ebn··vee. P. Sheghal.

626 Sendhi.--The juice of the date tree; this is less powerful than the tarrie; it is flatulent and aperient; induces corpulency, and is aphrodisiac.

627 SendhÊ.--A kind of Kutcherie.

628 Sealie.--The wild carrot, long and cone-shaped. A. Shakakul.

629 Seenaki.--A name for Karoonus Soombul.

630 Seenku.--A name for Shummie, vide Sh.

631 Seotie vide Kurkooja. "Rosa glandulifera. Roxb."

632 Seelidj.--A kind of ChÈreela, which grows in stony places or near water; it has a sweet smell; is bitter and cool, cures mucous and bilious disorders, heat, thirst, vomiting, and asthmas.

633 Seep or Seepie. A name for Suduf (a shell). It is pungent, shining, and promotes digestion and appetite, strengthens the system, and is an antidote to poisons.

634 Saeb.--A name for Tuffah. In Yunani works, the Indian kind is called Harara or Seoharara; it is cardiac, and its preserve is more so; it is aphrodisiac, and produces flatulence; when unripe it is acid and astringent, and hurtful, produces cough and decreases bile. Its corrector is salt.

635 Seetaphill.--The common Shereefa, q. v.

636 Singia or Singia Jur, (Aconite.) A root like Gentian, but a most deadly poison, and as such used by the Nepaulese. It is also called Singia Khar or Beechnak. It is described in several works as a most active poison, and not to be given by itself even in the smallest quantity. It is made up for internal use as follows:

Take of quicksilver, Singia, Hurtaal (refined), chillies, sulphur (purified), Peepul, fine ginger, Hurrha, (large) Anula, borax (refined), Bahera, nutmeg, each a pice weight.

Mix the quicksilver and sulphur together with a little of the juice of the Bhangra, then add the Hurtaal, rubbing them well, and add all the others, with more of the juice of the Bhangra, till 10 pint bottles or five seers shall be expended; this and these must be rubbed continually during 12 days, and till it acquires the consistence of a mass proper for pills. It is then to be made up into small pills of the size of a small pea each. These are given one for a dose, with the following vehicles, and in the cure of the following disorders; and during their exhibition, only simple food, and no acid to be used.

With Kutkuleja leaves, in Vomiting, Cholera, &c.
,, Cow's urine, in the cure of Diarrhoea.
,, Toolsi leaves, Internal heat.
,, Lime juice, and applied to the eyes, Evil spirits depart.
,, Kusskuss water, in the cure of Bilious disorders.
,, Tirphilla and ginger, in Asthma.
,, Seed of Methi infusion, Dysentery.
,, Honey, Emaciation.
,, Ditto, to thicken Semen.
,, Butch, in the cure of Tooth-ache.
,, Pounded Kusskuss, Dropsy.
,, Nutmeg, Rheumatism from wind.
,, Onion Juice, Bites of snakes.
,, Infus. of Adjwain, Thirst.
,, [1]Juice of Kussownda, Wind.
,, Radish juice, Offensive breath.
,, [1]Soopearie juice, (rubbed,) Cholicks of children.
,, Gopie earth, Strangury.
,, Cow's Ghee, Bites of snakes.
,, Root of Semel tree, Every thing.
,, Old Goor, Internal heat.
,, [1]Eleachee, (Guzerathee,) Intermittents.
,, Mugrela and salt, Indigestion.
,, Doob grass, Diarrhoea.
,, Mace, externally in Night blindness.
,, Goonchee, in the cure of General Rheumatism.
,, Pith of Bela, Vertigo.
,, Water of burnt wheat, Sunpat.

637 Shaldan.--A kind of rice, in virtue like the Saatie.

638 Shalook.--The root of the Kawul flower, q. v.

639 Shubbe.--Polyanthes Tuberosa. The name of a common flower, which has a strong scent in the night; it is of several kinds, white, yellow, red, and yellowish red. It is hot and dry in the second degree; three direms taken in water, is diuretic, and also useful in suppression of the menses. It expedites the delivery of the dead foetus and of the placenta. Its smell expels mucus from the brain and collections of wind. In those of a hot temperament it produces head-ache. Its corrector is oil of roses, vinegar, or its own oil; the latter is very beneficial both externally and internally used, and possesses all the beneficial properties attributed to the flower. An unguent composed of this, Akirkirrha, and Tokhur Unjeera, applied to the loins, is very beneficial in the two cases mentioned above, and is used both externally and internally in complaints of the uterus, also in rheumatism.

640 Shutawur.--A name for the root of a tree in the jungles, of a prickly kind; its stem and branches are thin, with many smaller ones, about an inch or two inches long in the intervals. Its leaves are very thin and small, somewhat like the Fir tree. The tree itself grows to the height of 9 or 10 feet; its seed resembles the Anboo Saleb. It is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy; cures disorders of wind, mucus, bile, and blood, also swellings of the body. It is aphrodisiac; increases the secretion of milk, and is an ingredient in celebrated formulÊ. For increasing the consistence of semen, and as an aphrodisiac, I have found its conserve and powder of great use. One kind of it is called Kalinta, another Maha Shutawuri; they are cool; cure piles and laxities from indigested food, disorders of the eyes; are cardiac, aphrodisiac, and increase knowledge.

641 Shitawuballie.--A kind of sugar, which cures eruptions from diffused bile, seminal weakness, delirium, nausea, and thirst.

642 Shereefa.--Called also Seetaphill. It is sweet and cardiac; increases semen and removes depression of spirits. If the kernel of the seed, in the quantity of one direm, and dhaie, half rittal, be bruised together and rubbed over the body, in cures of itch, left to dry, and the same repeated several times, the itch will be cured; this I have found to be the case; tried and found effectual. "Annona squamosa."

643 Shuftaloo.--A common fruit of India. Its tree like the Aroo. It is heavy, slow of digestion, cool, but less so than the Aroo; when unripe it is sour. The best is sweet when ripe.

644 Shukur Javan.--Cool; expels wind; strengthens the system; decreases bile, wind, and mucus. A. Toorunjabeen.

645 Shukur Kund.--"Convolvulus Batatas." A common culinary root, sweet and a little hot, and heavy, aphrodisiac, increases semen, and strengthens the brain.

646 Shumie.--Commonly called Seenkur; cool, light, and soft; cures difficulty of respiration, Juzam, piles, disorders of mucus. The dried fruit increases knowledge, causes bile, and the growth of hair.

647 Shunphopee.--A kind of Baer; is emetic, and beneficial in disorders of mucus and bile.

648 Shungirf.--The red sulphuret of mercury. A. Shingerf; sweet and bitter; useful in fever and mucus, also fever from excess of mucus, wind and bile. It is called also Ingoor.

649 Sholie.--A name for wild turmeric; pungent, sweet, and bitter; increases appetite, but vitiates taste.

650 Shora.--Nitras PotassÊ. Nitrate of Potash. Yavakshara, S. A. Ubkur. Aperient; increases bile. In the Dhara Shekoi, it is said, that one dram of Shora, of the refined sort, pounded and enclosed in two plantains for a night, and given in affections of the spleen and Badgola, and repeated for three or four days, will cure the disease. If bruised and applied to piles, it will remove them. As a refrigerant and diuretic in gonorrhoea, I have found it very beneficial. It has been given in suppression of urine to the Emperor Akber, with great success.

651 Shetoot.--A name for the mulberry.

652 Shehut.--Also Shehud. A. Assil, "Honey." Vide Yunani works.

653 Sheeta.--A kind of Doob grass.

654 Sheesha.--Resembling Kaley in properties. A. Asserab.

655 Sheeshum.--Also Seeshum.

656 Sheobogun.--A name for Bael, from the word Mahadeo, who is called "Sheo," and Bogun, which signifies "ornament."

657 Abbasie.--"Mirabilis Jalappa, W. Gul Abbas, H. The root is a mild and efficient purgative, equal, if not superior, to the common jalap." A very common shrub, used by Dr. McNabb, as a purgative; its flower is of a red color and very beautiful, and there are some yellow and white, and variegated; it grows about a yard high or even more; its leaves are triangular, and about two inches long. A pickle is made from the root, and the flower is dressed and eaten with meat. The leaves are suppurating. It is generally understood that the root, when old, is the Choobcheenee, but this is not the case, though it resembles it, or that kind called Kutai.

658 Ghoghaie.--A bird called in A. Asphoor. It resembles the turtle-dove, and derives its name from the great noise it makes. It is also called Pukherie, but this is a general name for wild fowl.

659 Gowreh.--All kinds of green fruit.

660 Ghafis.--Hemp; Agrimony; deobstruent; dose one miskal.

661 Ghar.--The laurel; discutient and attenuant; dose half miskal.

662 Ghasool.--Glasswort; Hindooi, Chook; P. Ghasul; hot and dry; detergent and caustic; dose half direm.

663 Ghareekoon.--Agaric; deobstruent, vermifuge, cathartic; dose one or two danas.

664 Ghirb.--The mountain pine, drying.

665 Kakjunga.--Cool, but some say hot, and dry in the 2nd degree; it is vermifuge, and useful in an over-loaded stomach, in poisons, mucus, and eruptions from suffusion of bile; also in fevers. It also obtains the name of Misie. Rijel ul Ghorab, A. Tokhem Khelal Kheleel, P.

666 Kans.--A shrub with a white flower, of a downy kind; cures suppression of urine or dysuria, heat of the body, disorders of blood, bile, and hectic fever.

667 Kakolie.--Its properties resemble Jirkakolie.

668 Kaksaag.--Aperient, and promotes appetite; cures disorders of mucus, swellings of the body, and expels wind.

669 Kasmerie or Kasmuroo, or Kasmurga, or Kasheera. It is hot; heavy; cures fever, pains in the bowels, and its flower is astringent and beneficial in eruptions from diffusion of bile. It is an ingredient in many formulÊ. It prevents the approach of old age, strengthens all the animal functions, and is aphrodisiac and diuretic.

670 Kanjee.--Increases the secretion of milk; cures disorders of mucus, wind, and bile. It is the vinegar of Hindostan. It restores prostrated strength from fatigue, removes pains in the bowels and flatulence, and remedies costiveness. The method of preparing it is thus. A little Zeera and Saslie are put on the fire till they produce a smoke, an earthen vessel is then placed over them in an inverted position to receive the smoke. Then into this is put mustard, salt, adjwain, and cumin seed, with warm water; the mouth of the vessel is then tied up in a cloth, and placed in the sun till it becomes sour. In the hot-weather it is quickly prepared; the older it is, the better for medicinal purposes.

671 Gowrohun.--A medicine found in the gall-bladder of a cow, and is but seldom met with. It is beneficial in affections of the mesenteric glands of children; in the quantity of two soorkhi it is purgative. It is also beneficial in flatulent swellings. If boiled in water and used for some time, it will cure epilepsy. It is only found in those cows the descendants of those herded by Khrishna.

It is often counterfeited, but the real kind is clearer than the spurious.

672 Kath.--"Acacia Catechu, W. Kayar, H. Khadira, S. Mimosa Catechu, Woodville." Called also Kuth. It is cool and vermifuge; strengthens the teeth; cures seminal weakness, fever, white leprosy, swellings, eruptions from bile, marasmus, Juzam, and mucous disorders. The gum is sweet and aphrodisiac, and strengthens the system. That made from the pith of the Khaer, is useful in boils and eruptions, affections of the mouth, and disorders of mucus and blood. It also removes ptyalism.

673 Kakra Singie.--It is crooked like a ram's horn; small and red, with a tinge of black, and its pod is hollow; it is bitter, astringent, hot, and promotes appetite, and restores the color of the skin changed from foulness of blood; allays vomiting and thirst; cures fever and disorders of mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough, and eructation, also piles and dysentery. It is said to be hot and dry in the 2nd degree. It likewise cures wind and hoarseness, and creates appetite; and it is useful, if retained in the mouth, as a relief to cough from phlegm; a little of it given to children at the breast, mixed with honey, increases their strength and removes emaciation.

674 Kanakutchoo.--Brought from Cashmere, and held in great esteem in that country. Its taste is saltish and sweet, and it is used dressed with meat; some call it Samaroogh, but the latter is a creeper and does not produce seed. The fruit is about half the size of an egg, and is suspended from the plant, which is of a white color, and grows during the rains in the jungles, and loves the vicinity of running water. It is also called Neerkoombie. It is found sometimes amongst ruins, but those that grow in the jungles are to be preferred. The lower classes of Indians use it as food, and as such it is grateful. It is useful in affections of the eyes.

675 Kagphill or Kagtoondie. "Strychnos Nux Vomica, W." "I have heard that it grows very common about Midnapoor or Cuttack; several seeds or nuts are enclosed in one pod, which in size is about that of a horse chestnut, the seeds are surrounded in the pod by a glutinous matter. It is said to be useful in paralysis, but has seldom been given beyond six grains in the day."--"Trans." It has obtained its name from being poison to the crow. Kag being the name of a crow, and phill, a nut A. Hubbool Girab; for the same reason. It is not well ascertained whether it is a seed or root, but it looks like a seed. It is equally uncertain whether it is cool or hot; it is brownish, inside white; it is round, and its shell very hard; steeped in water it becomes soft, and its shell can be removed; it is then rasped down and pounded, and kept in a state of powder or electuary for use. It strengthens the system; cures disorders of wind; blackens white hair; but its constant use produces palsy. It is an active poison; its correctors are drinking fresh milk, producing vomiting, and taking soup, oily or fatty substances. If externally applied to discolorations of the skin, daad, pains, &c. it will be found beneficial. It is said in the Dara Shekoi, to be excellent in cholics from wind. It is in my opinion hot, but as it is a strong poison, it is better not to use it: if given as a medicine, its correctors ought to be given with it.

It is also mentioned among aphrodisiac medicines, and will be found a powerful one, should it agree with the stomach. In India its name is Koochela.

676 Gajur.--"Daucus Carota, W." The carrot; sweet to the taste, and equally hot and cold in its effects; it creates appetite, produces costiveness, cures eruptions from suffusion of bile; is useful in piles, is lithontriptic, and beneficial in mucous disorders and wind. A. Gazur. I have found it excellent when roasted in an oven; the thin external rind and heart removed, and ate with rose-water, and Bedemoosk, in depression of spirits, and as a cardiac. Its distilled water is also equally effectual. Its virtues are described in Yunani works.

677 Kaiphill or Kutphill. It is bitter, astringent, and pungent, cures disorders of mucus and wind, fevers, difficulty of breathing, seminal weakness, piles, cough, and all affections of the throat.

678 Kanch or Kaatch; light; reduces corpulence; cures boils and eruptions, and strengthens the eyes. It is also called Zejage.

679 Kalizeerie.--"Nigella Indica, Roxb. Musavi, S. Sp. ch. annual, petals entire, pistils five, length of the stamina, leaves decompound, exterior lip of the nectary ovate, and deeply two-cleft, interior entire and acute. Roxb. MS." A seed of a black color, twice as long as the zeerie, and about twice the breadth; also named Kurdmana though improperly. It is used as medicine for horses; it is hot, increases the digestive powers, and is useful in all swellings.

680 Kasht.--Very hard. A kind of sugar-cane.

681 Kangeerug.--A name for Kakeerun.

682 Kalseenbie.--A name for Kalyseeb; hot and heavy; cures disorders of mucus and bile, also disorders in the mouth.

683 Kansi.--P. Rooie; heavy, hot, and aperient; strengthens the eyes and cures bilious and mucous disorders.

684 Kathmanda.--A name for Lisanus sowr.

685 Kalakora.--A name for Kirra Inderjow.

686 Katchloon.--A name for Muschookoonia, also named Kuphaiena, or Mylhoolrejaje. Its taste is rough; increases bile, decreases mucus, and useful in splenitis. It is laxative, removes specs, and opacities of the cornea. It dries the stomach, and externally is useful in all kinds of itch.

687 Kastipadile.--Vide Padill.

688 Kalesur or Kulesur; a plant, its leaves and sprigs very thin and small, it is sold in a dried state. It is like the Badsingbose. Its fruit is like the Baer, but a little larger, of a clay color or greenish. It is of two kinds, white and black, both oleaginous and sweet, heavy, increases semen, cures disorders of the three secretions, fevers, disorders of the vagina, dropsy, and it is astringent in its properties. The black kind increases appetite.

689 Kanghi.--Cool, pungent; sweetish to the taste; strengthens the system, clears the color of the skin; is astringent, flatulent; useful in affections of the mouth and hectic fever.

690 Kandagolhi.--A kind of onion, used by the weavers of cloth, from which circumstance it has derived its name ("Squills?"). It is like the common onion, but four times as large; it grows in the jungles, and in A. is called Unsul; its properties are described in Yunani works.

691 Kapoor.--Cool, light, anti-aphrodisiac; beneficial in disorders of the eyes; cures heat of the body, bad taste in the mouth; removes corpulence and swellings of the body, disorders from poison, and clears the brain. A. Kaphoor. It is of four kinds: Poonasir, Bheemseejnie, Saasdaie and Bhaskur, the medicinal properties of all are the same. "Laurus Camphora."

692 Kupoor.--The same as above; also called Khesia.

693 Kapoorbile.--A flower; its leaves and root resembling the saffron flower; it is brought from Europe.

694 Goobrowla also Goobreyla. A. Khumfusa. P. Jaab. It is described in all Yunani works.

695 Kapithar Jug.--A kind of Soorinjan; pungent, cool, and dry; increases general heat and bile; cures disorders of blood and mucus; also removes daad; is vermifuge, and is an antidote to poison.

696 Kupass or Kurpass. "Gossypium herbaceum." It is sweet, hot, and light; cures disorders of wind; it is the cotton tree; some call it cool. Its seed increases the secretion of animal milk, removes bile, mucus, heat, thirst, fatigue, epilepsy, &c. The wild species is cool, and increases the acuteness of taste and cures ulcers. It is also called Karis or Karpassie.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kupass is the cotton tree; hot and moist; cures asthma, cough, costiveness; loosens the chest. The cotton burnt and applied to ulcers, dries them up, blown into the nose stops bleeding; also bleeding of the gums. Should any one have eaten dhatura, and become insensible, four direms of the seeds bruised in water, and given to drink will remove the cause. It is also an antidote to the poison of opium, bhang, snakes, the root of dhatura, scorpions, &c. in the quantity of seven direms.

697 Kubab Cheenee.--It is pungent and bitter; promotes digestion; increases appetite; improves the taste; cures affections of wind, phlegm, paralysis of the tongue, and clears the voice. "Cubebs, Piper Cubeba, Murr." Excellent in gonorrhoea virulenta.

698 Kapoor Kutcherie.--A name for Saaltie.

699 Kapoorie.--A name for Ispurka.

700 Kuthael.--"Artocarpus Integrifolia (Roxb.)" A fruit of India, very common, of a green color like Shukena, from half a yard to a yard in length, and about half a yard in thickness. On opening it is found a pulp of a saffron color, of a mucilaginous nature, inclining to gummy. The tree is like that of the walnut, but I suspect the Kuthael is much the largest and the leaves much less. The smell of the flower is sweet. The fruit is taken from the tree before it is ripe, covered with lime and thus brought to maturity. It cures disorders of bile and wind, strengthens the system, and is aphrodisiac; it cures eruptions from diffused bile, and is slow of digestion; it induces costiveness, is useful in disorders of the chest, increases semen and allays thirst. Its seeds are astringent and sweet, and increase wind, they are hurtful if ate on an empty stomach. Its corrector is its seed. Some have said, that the fruit when allowed to ripen on the tree is the best, and that the forced kind is cool.

701 Kootki.--A small root, "Justicia Ganderussa," brought from the hills; it is of a grey colour and full of knots; bitter to the taste, during digestion; pungent, cool, and drying. It is light and aperient; cures bilious, mucous, and feverish disorders, difficulty of breathing, heart-burn, and heat of body. It is also vermifuge; the dose 4 direms.

702 Kutara.--A kind of sugar-cane; it is thin, cool, and heavy; cures diffusion of bile and Rajiroge. The leaves of one kind are like needles, another much larger, a third of a middling size: all are astringent, and after meals produce heart-burn, and wind; they cure disorders of mucus and bile, but cause heat in the chest and flatulence. Its correction is being boiled in water, or roasted in hot ashes. When washed in water it becomes less flatulent, and cures disordered secretions, increases the bulk of the solids, and is diuretic.

703 Kuteera.--"Echinops echinatus, (Roxb.)" The globe-thistle, or Kuragond. Cool; increases consistence of semen; beneficial in gonorrhoea; lessens aphrodisia. If two mashas be infused in water for a night, well mixed and taken with sherbet of Unjewar, or by itself, it will be found effectual in vomiting of blood, in gonorrhoea, and itchiness of the urinary bladder.

704 Kutai.--The white kind; it is a species of the small Kutai; the flower of the large kind is red. The small is bitter and pungent; hot and useful in wind, bile and disorders of the liver, difficulty of voiding urine, in torpor of the olfactory nerves; is vermifuge, and cures affections of the heart. The large kind is called Beretta, already noticed, also called Kuntai.

705 Kutoonbur.--"Cucumis Madraspatanas." A kind of Kutchim (species of melon); sweet and hot, vide Baluka.

706 Kutputrie.--Hot and astringent; useful in disorders of the organs of generation of the female; its fruit cool and aphrodisiac, and produces a discharge of wind.

707 Kuth.--"Catechu, Terra Japonica, Acacia Catechu?"

708 Kutchnar.--"Bauhinia variegata." One kind of which is called Gobdar; the leaves of the Kutchnar are green and variegated with veins, and they resemble the junction of two leaves, indeed a separation does sometimes exist. The tree resembles the mulberry, and is even larger, but considerably so in diameter; both kinds are cool, astringent; produce costiveness; cure disorders of mucus and bile; are vermifuge; destroy worms in the rectum; useful in the virulent ulcer called Kunzeer, also in all eruptions and boils. Its flower is cool, dry, light, and astringent; cures disorders of bile, and corrects an excess in the menstrual discharge; beneficial in piles, wounds, ulcers, and cough. The tree is called by the above name, but it is usually given to the flower only. I have found it beneficial to the stomach, in removing laxativeness of the bowels, and in bleeding piles. A decoction of its bark forms an excellent gargle in ptyalism from mercury or bela.

709 Kutchaloo.--"Arum Colocasia." An esculent root, vide Aroie.

710 Gudjpepullie.--Also Gudjpeepul; a round fruit, 4 times as large as that of the peepul, and very much resembles it; it is bitter, hot; increases appetite; induces costiveness; cures Juzam, difficulty of breathing, affections of the throat, is vermifuge, and useful in disorders of wind and mucus.

711 Kutchua.--"P. Sungpoosht or Bah·. A. Silhafat." "The Turtle." Its meat is moist and aphrodisiac, and is useful in disorders of wind. It is related, that in cases of great difficulty of respiration from affections of the lungs or bronchiÊ, much benefit has been derived from inhaling the breath of the turtle. Its eggs, mixed with water and applied hot to the scrotum, removes disorders, to which it may be subjected.

712 Coochilla.--Vide Kagphill.

713 Kutcherie.--(Cucumis Madraspatanas;) sweet, hot, light, and soft; creates appetite; increases bile. It is called Dustumboieya, vide Phoot. There is another fruit which bears this name, it is a creeper, found in fields, like the Kunoorie fruit; it is pungent, bitter; assists digestion, and increases appetite. In my opinion, it is hot; it is eaten cut in half, and fried with salt and oil, and greatly relished. It is thus also rendered more active in its properties. It is used both ripe and unripe; when used with meat, the later is easily rendered tender. It forms an ingredient in all stomachic powders in India.

714 Kutchoor.--"Curcuma Zerumbet, (Roxb.)" Of three kinds: large, male, and female. The large kind is also called Nerkuchoor, and the simple word Kutchoor is generally applied to the female; the third kind is called Kaphoor Kutcherie. The Nerkutchoor is also called Zerambeed. The three kinds possess nearly the same properties. It is hot, light; creates appetite; cures Juzam, piles, boils, wounds, difficulty of breathing, Badgola, disorders of wind, and mucus, and is vermifuge.

715 Kudum.--"Nauclea Orientalis, or Kudum, and another kind called Mohoonut; also one kind named Dhoul Kudum, and Bhoom Kudum." The leaves and flower resemble the walnut tree; all kinds are cool, and are useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood.

716 Gudha.--Its flesh is sweet, during digestion bitter. It is light, strengthens the system, and increases bile and mucus.

717 Gudloon.--Hot, light; cures disorders of wind and mucus. Is aperient and diuretic.

718 Goodhul Citron.--Has a flower like the poppy, and many leaves; its leaves are like the mulberry, and it flowers every alternate year. Its fruit is like the apple; when unripe, green, and acid, with a little bitterness; but when fully ripe, and it has become yellow, the bitterness does not remain; it also becomes red and sweet, but if it remain long on the tree it again assumes a greenish hue. The tree is like the lime tree with broad leaves. The people of India have an idea, that if the flowers be kept in the house they produce quarrelling and strife; the flowers are used in lowness of spirits arising from heat. It is said, that the root of this and also that of the Kunaer are very intoxicating. If boiled in milk, and this curdled, it is aphrodisiac.

719 Kurna.--The flower of the above; it has four leaves, and is white before it opens; it is shaped like an arrow-head; it has a sweet perfume, and as such is used; a distilled water is also made from it and an essential oil. The water is called Arukbahar, and is hot and dry, and used in weakness of the brain; also as an aphrodisiac; creating appetite and elevating the spirits; also in pains of the chest, in cholics from wind, and delirium.

A little of it commenced with and constantly used for seven days, with a little sugar, is beneficial in affections of the spleen; it is used in Aniseed water as a lithontriptic; in an empty stomach for the bleeding piles. It is used with musk, &c. to perfume hooka snakes. The author of the Topha says, that this is the bud of the Naringi, and that the distilled water of that is called Arukbahar; but in my opinion they are distinct varieties, and in this part of the country they distil from all. Goodhul is the name of the tree, Kuth that of the fruit, and Kurna that of the flower.

720 Karownda.--Also Kirmidie, and a kind of this Khristnphill; the first kind is red and white, second is white and black, and the third entirely black, therefore called Kristnphil, from being of the color of the god Kristna. Its flower is like the Jui; when unripe it is hot, heavy, and acid; produces mucus and diffusion of bile: when ripe it is sweet and less acid, light; creates appetite, and cures disorders of wind and bile. "Carissa Carandas."

721 Kareyl.--"Capparis, the Caper plant," or Kareyr. A tree without leaves, its branches rise from the root, and are very numerous. It grows about the height of the Baer. It has numerous flowers, small and three-leaved. Its flowers are boiled and eaten; its fruit made into pickles in salt-water and oil; its fruit is at first green, then it becomes red, and lastly black; they are about the size of the Karownda; they are bitter, pungent, hot, aperient; useful in mucous disorders, wind, boils, eruptions, swellings, as an antidote to poisons, and in piles. Its flowers are beneficial in disorders of mucus and bile. My father always recommended them in disorders arising from cold. In consequence of their heating quality, they are useful in affections of the joints. P. Amghyllyan.

722 Karunj.--From the "Moojerrabad Akberi." The name of a large tree, the leaves like the lime tree, the fruit like the tamarind, but smaller; it is hot, and discusses swellings and all pains arising from cold; useful in lumbago, in strokes of the wind, and it is used as a fomentation in the above disorders.

723 Gurehri.--A fruit of India, produced in the hot season; it is a nut of a black color, and shining appearance, about the length of the Jamalgota, but a little thinner; the kernel is white, and is ate with salt and peepul, and much esteemed. It induces costiveness, is aphrodisiac, and thickens semen.

724 Krishndaan.--A kind of rice; in its properties and excellence like the Saatie.

725 Kurwanuk.--The name of a common bird; its meat is sweet and pleasant to the taste. It frequents the banks of rivers and jungles, but the river kind is nearly twice the size of the other.

726 Geerguth.--(Chameleon.) A. Heerbah, Un. Kalamunder, P. Aftabperust. It resembles the lizard in its appearance. It has a long tail, and frequently changes its color.

727 Kurkura.--(Ardea Virgo.) A species of paddy-bird, called also Kurkhuraa; its flesh increases corpulency; is aphrodisiac, and strengthens the system.

728 Kurinjua or Korinjeka, or Kurinjee. "Guilandina Bonduccella, Linn. CÊsalpinia Bonduccella. Roxb. Kutkuleja, H. An excellent tonic, and infallible in the cure of intermittents, when combined with a decoction of Chereyta. Dose one seed, mixed with pepper, which may be repeated every three hours." A seed, or rather nut, hard and shining; it is of a blue or greenish color; light, round, and thick, like the Majoo; when shaken near the ear the kernel is found loose, and when broken, this is found whitish, like the Mukhana. Its shrub grows to the height of a man, more or less, "but if supported, will run much higher. It is covered with very sharp prickles, and makes the best fence in the world perhaps." It is hot; cures piles; is vermifuge, useful in Juzam, and its leaves are beneficial in disorders of wind, mucus, and blood. A. Ektumkut. P. Khayeblees. Leaves used as a fomentation in rheumatic pains.

729 Kurwara or Kurwala. A name for Amultas; P. Phuloos. A. Khiarshimber. Discutient, aperient, and laxative. See Yunani works.

730 Korund.--A name for Sunadudje.

731 Goor.--It is sweet to the taste and a little pungent; light, aperient; creates appetite; increases bile and swellings of the body; produces worms and cures disorders of wind; strengthens the system; is diuretic and cardiac. P. Kund Sia.

732 Kurr.--"Carthamus Tinctoria." A name of Masphir or Kussumb. P. Kussukdana. A. Koortub. It is of a white color like peas, and a little pointed; it is very common; removes phlegm, and is aperient.