Chapter VI: Front Matter (6)

733 Karela.--"Momordica Charantia." A common culinary fruit, of a green or yellowish color, and encloses numerous seeds. It is about two or three inches long, and very irregular in the surface. It is in its properties cool and light; some say hot and heavy, and some call it equal. It is pungent and laxative; beneficial in piles, eruptions of the mouth, disorders of the blood, jaundice, panroque, phlegm, seminal weakness, and it is vermifuge. Its name is said to be Kassaul hemar. In my opinion it is very drying, by reason of its heating quality: when dressed with onions, it is less heavy as food. It has the effect of strengthening the stomach weakened from cold. Its root taken, commencing with one masha and increasing to seven, will cure the venereal disease. The wild kind is named Kaarbellie. It is cool, bitter, light, and aperient; cures disorders of bile, blood, phlegm, black bile, jaundice, wind, marasmus, seminal weakness, and worms. Another kind of this produced in gardens is of a white color, and more long than the other; its coat is thin, and it is the best of all the varieties: there are many ways of dressing it, but with onions it is the best and most aphrodisiac; without onions, its effects are not so powerful, and it is less heating.

734 Kirkund.--The small Baer, called also Nazookbadun; it is moist and heavy; sweet, and cures disorders of bile and wind. It is also called Jhirberrie. There is a smaller kind, that is more sweet, and grows in gardens.

735 Kora.--A name for the Inderjow tree; it is very bitter and astringent; cool and dry; creates appetite; cures bilious disorders and foulness of blood, also disorders of mucus; and removes obstructions in the pylorus from viscid mucus; useful in indigestion and Juzam; restrains hemorrhage from piles and diarrhoea.

736 Kurni.--"Mimusops Kauki." A fruit of the hills; pungently bitter and hot; cures disorders of bile and mucus, flatulence, and is vermifuge.

737 Kurrukphill.--A name for Bahira.

738 Krishn Moolie.--A black kind called Kalesur; it derives its name from being a root of the color of Krishna.

739 Krishn Saarba.--A black kind of Saarba.

740 Kussowndie or Kussownda. The name of a tree of India; its branches commence from near the root and surround the stem, growing out from all sides of it. It grows about the thickness of a bambu, and in height that of a man. The leaves if rubbed have a disagreeable smell. Its seed-vessel is about a yard long, or even longer; it encloses small round seeds like Sumach, a little crooked. Its leaves are thick like Kumerach, but the latter are broad, whereas this is longer. The large kind is called Kussownda, the smaller Kussowndie; the leaves of both are nearly alike. It is hot, moist, and some say equal. It relieves the brain, and if the seed is washed and eaten, it will cure the effects of the scorpion's poison; and if the seed and leaves be ground in a mill, made into bread with flour, and eaten with sweet oil, it will cure night blindness; should any one have swallowed tiger's hair, pills made of the leaves, flower, and seed swallowed and vomiting produced, the hair will be discharged.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kussowndie is a medicine of India, hot and dry; cures wind and loosens phlegm; useful in cough and disorders of the blood. 1 1/2 direms of its root with half direm of peepul eaten, will cure the poison of snakes or scorpions, or if rubbed on the bitten or stung part will give relief. It clears the voice, and if five direms of its leaves with one direm of peepul be bruised in water, and taken for seven days, during which period food without salt is eaten, it will cure Lues Venerea.

741 Kusseroo or Kusseruk. "Cyperus Tuberosus." The root of a grass, black and full of hair, like bristles, found in the cold season. It is cool, sweet, heavy; used in disorders of bile, blood, and general heat; it induces costiveness, increases semen, phlegm, and wind, and allays thirst. If eaten with its outer rind, or only chewed, and the juice swallowed, it will be less heavy and hurtful; some bruise it and drink sherbet thus made with sugar, and it is thus more cooling and useful in cases of gonorrhoea, and the effects of hot winds, but in this case the outer rind must be removed.

742 Kustooryea Mirg.--Its meat is sweet to the taste, light and flatulent, creating appetite; that of the female is cool: useful in fever, cough, disorders of blood, and difficulty of breathing. It is said to be common in Thibet and Bengal. It resembles the deer, and has two ridges on its back lengthways. Musk is procured from its abdomen in this manner: When it is ripe, it produces itching about the navel, and the animal rubbing it on sharp pointed stones, causes it to discharge in the form of matter. This is the finest and best kind of musk, and the gentleman, with whom I was, received some of it every two years, from the Rajah of Shirinaghur.

743 Kussoombh.--A. Masphir. "Artemisia Abrotanum." It is sweet, and very hot, and dry; light, and increases bile; cures disorders of blood, mucus, and suppression of urine.

744 Kustoorie.--Bitter, hot, heavy, aphrodisiac; useful in colds, disorders of phlegm and wind; allays vomiting; removes swellings; corrects offensive breath and loss of smell. One kind of it is called Lutta Kustoorie, vide L.

745 Kussees.--"Sulphas Ferri." A kind of Zaaj; astringent, cool; increases eye-sight, and clears the skin; vermifuge and an antidote to poisons; also a kind called Heera Roopus.

746 Kukrownela.--The Kurrownda.

747 Kukora.--The fruit of a shrub of India, smaller than the Kurela; it has many hair-like fibres of a green colour over its surface, and it has numerous seeds. Its properties are the same as the Kurela. It is useful in that eruption which takes place on the face in puberty; beneficial in fever and phlegm, and creates appetite. One kind of it is called Banje Kakora. It is bitter, an antidote to poisons; useful in that eruption of the face called acne punctata. Its root is used in Zaerbad, in discussing swellings, and in the bites of all noxious reptiles, and it is also of benefit in cough. Some have said, that this is the wild Kurela, but this is not the fact, for the wild Kurela is essentially different and more resembles the garden sort.

748 Kookra.--"Wild fowl." P. Deek. It is hot, moist, heavy, aphrodisiac; used in disorders of wind; is tonic; produces semen and increases mucus. Its flesh is astringent to the taste; dry and heavy; and those found near rivers are hot and aphrodisiac, and increase mucus.

749 Kookrie.--The female of the above. A. Dejaje: the properties the same.

750 Kukrie.--"Cucumis Utilissimus." Unripe, it is sweet and cool, heavy, cardiac, and astringent. In my opinion it is aperient, creates appetite, and removes bilious disorders.

751 Gugundool.--The best kind of this is the Kumbi; it is eaten wasted in ghee, with salt and condiments.

752 Googeerun or Gugeeroo. A plant from 1 to 1 1/2 yards high; the branches very thin, the leaves like the Nirkut; it is purgative, and when ripe, it is heavy; recommended in wind, blood, and affections of mouth.

753 Kukrownda.--The common Kurrownda. The plant is half a yard or more in height, its leaves like the tobacco; but smaller. It has an offensive smell, much increased by being rubbed betwixt the finger; it grows near ruins or in waste places, and is found in the rains. It is a kind of Bhangra, and has the name of Kokurbangra; it is bitter, pungent; useful in fevers and disorders of the blood and mucus. If bruised in water, and the water given as a clyster to children, it will remove ascarides, and if three drops be dropped into each ear, it will cure intermittents. It is very beneficial in bleeding piles, both internally and externally. If one direm of the leaves be taken in water, and the bruised leaves applied to the piles, it will effect a cure.

754 Gillo.--"Menispermum Glabrum," (vide Goorcha,) or Vaoutvellee or Imrutlutta, or Jurnasnie, (a febrifuge,) or Goorajie, or Goondunie. It is bitter, astringent, and sweet, and in digestion hot, light; inducing costiveness; tonic; increases appetite; beneficial in jaundice and Juzam; also in acne, cracks in the skin, nausea, fevers, and bilious disorders. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. It has been said to be cold. In my opinion it is either, according as it is prescribed with other medicines. I have given it in continued fever, in the quantity of one direm, cut small and infused in water for a night, with great success. The Hindoos give a decoction of it in fevers. I have given it in various ways in gonorrhoea, as a tonic, an aphrodisiac, &c. Take of Bunslochun and Sut Gillo, each one masha, mix and give in intermittents, or with cardamoms. My father used it in pills made up with conserve of roses, with great efficacy, in fevers of the continued kind; also with the whey of Kasni. Its powder is likewise used with tin in gonorrhoea, but I have written more of this in my other works. To make refined or Sut Gillo--

Take the Gillo, cut it in small pieces, and squeeze out the juice into a vessel, then add plain water, and strongly mix them together, let them remain thus for 24 hours, then throw away the clear water, and dry the precipitate for use.

755 Gulhar.--"Nymphea Nilambo, Linn. Nilumbium Speciosum, W." The flower of the Kawul (Lotus). It is cool, dry, heavy, and astringent, and shuts up the chest. The centre of the flower, or yellow fructification, is called Kesur, or Kinjeluk; it is cool; induces costiveness; useful in bleeding piles; also in disorders of bile and mucus. Its seed is usually called Kawulgutta; they are produced in the hot season; they are sweet, cool; beneficial in bilious disorders, foulness of blood, general heat, and increase mucus and wind. I have given them in the diarrhoea of infants, mixed with the water which they drank, with great benefit. The green part of the seed bruised in water, I have also given to children with great good effect in wind and diarrhoea. It is likewise given in eruptions of the mouth. The stem of the flower and root are cool and dry; aphrodisiac, astringent, and cure disorders of bile, blood, and general heat. The flowers are of two kinds: one opens to the sun, and accompanies him round as he moves, and shuts its leaves when he disappears; this is white, with a red tinge, six-leaved, the yellow centre fructification, in the shape of an inverted cone. Its seed is sweet and cool; clears the complexion; of use in disorders of mucus, bile, blood, thirst, general heat, Juzam, and blisters. It is an antidote to poisons, and beneficial in acne of all kinds.

The other kind has four leaves, of a white color, opens to the moon, and accompanies her, in progress, as the other does the sun; but does not shut on her disappearance. The red and blue kinds, if they have any degree of whiteness, are called Komode or Komoodutti; these names are in allusion to their property of flowering by the moon's influence, but they are more seldom met with. The blue is called also Neeloofir.

756 Goolkhairoo.--The marsh-mallow, or rather the mallow.

757 Kulumbuk.--A tree of a heavy texture, much veined; it is commonly called Mulugeer, but this name is also applied to some kinds of lime.

758 Kooleejan.--"Piper Betel." The best kind is red, thick, and full of knots. It is hot and dry in the 2nd degree; it is cardiac; cures cholicks, pains in the kidnies; increases the strength of the digestive organs, useful in rheumatism of the joints, decreases the flow of urine; beneficial in epilepsy, headache; is aphrodisiac; and is proper for those having a superabundance of mucus. A little kept in the mouth will cure paralysis of the tongue; it clears the voice, and in the quantity of one direm with cow's milk taken, fasting, it is highly tonic and aphrodisiac. Its corrector is any oily substance or Kuteera (a gum).

759 Koolunta.--A kind of Satawur.

760 Keloondha.--A name for the fruit of the Mowa tree.

761 Kulownjee.--A name for Siadana; expels wind and flatulence.

762 Kumode or Komoodutti, a kind of Gulhar. "Rottlera tinctoria."

763 Kumruk.--"Averrhoa Carambola," or Kumruka. A large tree, with many pointed leaves, which when full grown are longer than the Singtirra leaf, of a green color and soft texture. The fruit is common and three-cornered; they are of an acid sweetness, and produced in the cold season, and make delicious sherbet; cool, astringent; useful in bile and wind, also in disorders of phlegm. From their acidity, the fruit are injurious to the tongue. This may be corrected by eating them with salt or lime.

764 Gumbhar.--Sweet, hot, heavy, and produces wind; useful in disorders of bile, blood, and pains in the bowels, and induces costiveness. Its fruit is heavy and tonic; clears the hair of the head; increases seminal secretion; cures disorders of bile, wind, hectic fever, thirst, and foulness of the blood; is diuretic, and forms an ingredient in all famous prescriptions: called also Gumbharie or Gumbheer.

765 Kawul.--"NymphÊa Nelumbo." A name of Gulhar.

766 Kawulguth.--The seed of the Gulhar.

767 Kowla.--A kind of orange, less strong, and of weaker properties than the Sangtirra; but in other respects the same; from its acid it removes stagnation of bile, and is useful in cough and asthma.

768 Goond.--"Jasminum grandiflorum?" The wild Raibile; the flower cool and light; used in disorders of bile and mucus, and in head-aches; an antidote to poisons, and communicates its perfume to any article from which oil is to be extracted, and gives the oil the quality of strengthening the brain, and of being useful in affections from cold. In my opinion, the flower is hot, as is also oil impregnated with its odour. If it is mixed or rubbed with oil, and used as an unguent in itch, it is equally effectual as the Chumbeley.

769 Gunyar.--A flower of India, possessing tonic properties; it strengthens the stomach; used in the cure of Juzam, boils, eruptions, disorders of the blood, swellings, and in cleansing ulcers.

770 Kunkole.--A seed resembling Peepul, only a little larger; it creates appetite; is hot; useful in affections of the heart, affections of wind and mucus.

771 Koontukphill.--A name for Lukudj, or Burhael; it is also called Kuntukanta, from its being very prickly.

772 Kundurdolie.--The name of a plant, cool, light and astringent; useful in heat, feverishness, thirst, disorders of mucus, blood and bile, Juzam, and fever. It also softens iron.

773 Koondoorie.--A fruit like the Pulwull, of an oval shape. It is acid, grows as a creeper, and used as a culinary vegetable; useful in bilious disorders, foulness of blood, and general heat. Is emetic, and reduces corpulency. Induces costiveness, flatulence, and wind; also aphrodisiac. It is bitter, pungent; removes phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons. In my opinion, it is cool and moist, aperient; weakens the stomach, promotes absorption by increasing the tone of the absorbents, and expedites digestion.

774 Kungni.--P. Kawurs, Sheerazee Kaal. Cool and bitter, dry and astringent, yet diuretic; but if boiled in milk, its drying quality will be corrected. It is very generally used as food. It increases the viscidity of mucus, and promotes a disposition to gravel. Its corrector is sugar. It is hurtful to the lungs; but here its corrector is Mustaghi. In its general properties, it comes near the Cheena; externally applied hot, it removes rheumatic pains. "Panicum Italicum."

775 Gundheel.--A. Azkhir, and some kinds called Mirchiakund. This is a common plant, about a yard high; its flowers sweet-scented: the properties of all are, I fancy, the same. It is astringent to the taste, and bitter during digestion; hot, useful in affections of the throat and heart, disorders of bile, blood, mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough, and fever.

776 Goondur.--A kind of Loonia, q. v.

777 Kunaer or Kurneer. It is of two kinds, the white called Kurbaer, and the red Ruketphup. The plant grows to the height of a man; its branches numerous, and growing from near the root; its leaves long as the bambu leaf and thicker, green and finely veined. It is hot and light; decreases eye-sight, useful in Juzam, boils and eruptions, acne, itch; is vermifuge, and may be ranked among the poisons. Its flowers kept in the house produce strife. The root and its bark is used as an application in cures of deficient aphrodisiac power. A. Dufflie. "Nerium Odorum."

778 Koonja.--Vide Goonchee.

779 Kumbeela.--Bitter, laxative, and hot; used in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood; is lithontriptic and vermifuge; cures Badgola, dropsy, and boils; its green leaves are cool and astringent to the stomach; it is called also Kumbeel.

780 Gunduk.--"Live Sulphur." In digestion it is bitter and hot, also soft; beneficial in Juzam, affections of the spleen, disorders of mucus and wind, and increases bile. It is an ingredient in many favorite prescriptions. A. Ribreet. Its aruk is excellent as an application in itch, and as a tonic is pungently acid and hurtful to the teeth; indeed so very acid is it, that it dissolves shells, and is called Tezab; but though acid, it is aphrodisiac.

To make Tezab (Sulphuric Acid).

Take a China cup, and make in it three holes, to suspend it (by a wire of zinc); place a lamp on a low triangle (tripod), and fill the lamp with sulphur; and making several wicks, mix them with the sulphur, and set fire to them; place the China cup under the tripod, and the aruk will come over into it by drops. Care must be taken to admit no wind; when this is lighted the smoke destroys cloth. I have written of the properties of this more at large in my other works.

The properties of Sulphuric Acid.

It is hot, creates appetite, expels wind, strengthens the stomach, loins, and back. It is aphrodisiac, useful in disorders of mucus and blood, in paralysis, convulsions, and pains in the stomach, and discusses enlargement of the spleen, if taken to the quantity of from one to four soorkhs in water. It will cure tooth-ache if applied to the hollow of the tooth, but care must be taken that it does not come in contact with a sound tooth. It cures all kinds of Psora, whether dry or moist, applied by itself or in ointment. Taken internally with oil of roses, it loosens phlegm; applied to the white spots of leprosy, it will remove them. If nutmegs, cinnamon, and cloves be moistened with it, and dried, they will become powerful condiments.

781 Kunoocha.--A name for Mirve.

782 Gundhur.--A name for culinary greens--see Chowlai.

783 Gundhka.--A title of Mudukpurnie; it derives its name from the property of preserving the hair.

784 Kunghi.--"Malva Sylvestris.--(The Mallow) vide Goolkhairoo. The mallow, emollient and demulcent, AlthÊa officinalis." The name of a flower-stem of India, about a man's height, more or less. Its leaves are round, smooth, serrated, and pointed. It is of two kinds, a small and larger, the leaves large and small accordingly. It has a small yellow flower; inside the seed vessel are many divisions, in which the seeds are contained. It is very useful in piles.

A man had the bleeding piles to an annoying degree of severity. A physician advised him to eat some of the leaves of this, bruised, and made up with pepper into pills; he made up large pills or balls, and eat them as directed, and was cured in a few days. If the fresh leaves are used, they should be mixed with water and drank; if the dried leaves are preferred, they should be made into pills. It is mucilaginous and demulcent.

785 Gooroochna.--or Gooroochun. A stone, of a yellow color, on which grass or moss grows; it is astringent and cool, beneficial in possession, and whoever keeps it by them, will escape the influence of all evils; it is useful in disorders of blood, and prevents abortion by its tonic property in giving strength to the uterus. It is the name for Huzerool bukur.

786 Goorcha.--"Menispermum cordifolium, W. Guduchi, S. Citamerdu, Van Rheede, H. M. vii. 39. Menispermum Verrucosum, Roxb. MS. Putra Waly. Jao. Funis Felleus, Rumph. Amb. v. 82. Sp. ch. perennial, scandent, verrucose, leaves cordate, acuminate, entire, smooth, male racemes from the naked branches simple, nectareal scales inserted in the filaments. Every part of this plant exceedingly bitter; used for the cure of intermittents; it is said by Captain Wright, to be as powerful a febrifuge as the Peruvian Bark. V. Gillo."

787 Gowrdun.--A name for Koocha, called also Sutpootrie. It is the name of the Kooza flower, red with a yellow fructification in the centre. It has a fine perfume, and a distilled water is made from it; it is a cinquefoil. One kind of it is the Goolseutie, P. Aussureen. This is white, but a third kind is also red. All three are cool, light, and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of the three secretions and of blood. It is cardiac, astringent, and improves the complexion. I have found the white the most effectual, and have often used its conserve and distilled water in lowness of spirits.

788 Gomenduk.--A common stone, resembling in its properties the Chanderkanth.

789 Gooma.--A medicine of India; sweet, pungent, hot, dry, heavy, aperient; used in disorders of wind, bile, mucus; in jaundice and in swellings, and is vermifuge. All this the author of the Dhara Shekoi has related. The common Gooma is different.

790 Goww.--A tree common in Cashmere, of a hot quality; used in seminal weakness, inflammatory disorders of the nose, effects of poison, disorders of mucus, and Juzam. It is vermifuge; its fruit increases phlegm, and its gum is heavy, aphrodisiac; beneficial in disorders of wind.

791 Kobhee.--"Hieracum, Bruce MS." This is of three kinds, one of which is used as food for the parroquet. Its leaf is like that of the radish when in an imperfect state. It is cool, light, and astringent; used in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood; in seminal weakness, cough, boils, eruptions, and fever, and produces wind.

792 Gowrbaghan.--Cool; useful in general heat and disorders of blood.

793 Godoon.--A common grain used by villagers; tonic.

794 Gowruk.--A kind of Lawa.

795 Koonj.--A name for Kulungh. Its meat cures disorders of wind and mucus.

796 Koonch.--A medicine of Hindostan. If its seed-vessel be applied to the skin, it produces great itching; if it is washed in cow-dung and water, this effect will be removed. Its seed is like the bean, smooth, and of a purple color; it is hard, and if the end is cut off, and it be applied to the part stung by a scorpion, it will remove the pain, and cannot be removed till the poison is extracted; and when this is accomplished, it falls off itself, and will be found from its power of suction to have become much larger. It is sweet, increases semen, lengthens aphrodisia, and is useful in diffusion of bile in the blood. It is beneficial in old ulcers, and is a favorite ingredient in aphrodisiac formulÊ.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kooch is a medicine of India; its seed cold and hot in equilibrium; drying, aphrodisiac; strengthens the loins, useful in piles and cough, and increases the consistence of semen. If half a direm of the leaves be bruised with seven of the long fruit of the peepul in water, and given to drink, it will be found powerfully vermifuge. It also clears the intestines of all noxious matter. If 10 direms be bruised in 50 direms of water, and drank for seven days, it will cure Lues Venerea.

The succedaneum is Aotungun. The dose two direms of the seed. It is also called Kooncha, vide Kewanch.

797 Kowrie.--"CyprÊa Monita." P. Khirmora. It is sweet and pungent, cool and flatulent; used in bile and heat; beneficial in affections of the eyes and in blisters. If burnt and introduced into the ear, I have found it of use in diseases of that organ. It is excellent for cleansing and drying venereal sores.

798 Kawaal.--(The Hog.) Its meat is heating, moist, light, and increases semen to a great degree; induces corpulence, creates appetite, and is tonic. Its fat is very aphrodisiac as an external application; it is also useful as an application to the eyes, as a stomachic, preserving health, and producing aphrodisia. Is tonic; useful in sprains and disorders of the three secretions. P. Khunzeer.

799 Kowa.--The Crow. P. Zaagh or Kolagh. A. Ghorab. Its properties are mentioned in Yunani works in India; it is also called Koral.

800 Kokla.--"Indian Cuckoo." A black bird, which in the commencement of the hot weather has a fine and strong note; its flesh creates appetite, induces costiveness, and is useful in disorders of wind and mucus.

801 Goh.--The Guana. Its flesh is tonic, aphrodisiac, stomachic, and used in disorders of bile and wind. A. Zubbub. P. Soosmar.

802 Kowadoorie.--A. Hubbunneel.

803 Gokhroo also Kunthphill; cures difficulty of breathing, cough, and suppression of urine. Is lithontriptic; useful in affections of the heart and wind.

A. Khussuk. It is of two kinds, a cultivated and wild. Its plant is like the melon; its branches spreading widely on the ground. Its fruit is hard and triangular, with prickles on its angles; thus it is called Gokhroo. P. Kharkhusuk. There is a larger kind called Gokhroo Dekanee. In the Dhunterri, it is said to be beneficial in the three secretions, to create appetite, beneficial in dysentery and pains of the bowels, to increase semen, induce corpulency, to be cool, sweet, and aphrodisiac, tonic, useful in seminal weakness, gonorrhoea, and pains in the urinary bladder. "Tribulus Lanuginosus."

804 Gowdunta.--A kind of arsenic, of a light red color.

805 Gota.--Sweet, bitter, pungent, hot, light, and aphrodisiac; useful in Soorkhbad, acne, cough, Juzam, and disorders of wind and bile.

806 Kookurchundie.--Obtains the name from its being an emetic to dogs.

807 Kookurbangra.--A name for Kukrownda.

808 Goondroo or Goonderuk. A name for Koondur, a gum resembling Mastich, but more red; it cures disorders of wind, mucus, and fever; restrains perspiration; is aphrodisiac; strengthens memory; gives tone to the stomach, urinary bladder, brain.

809 Googul.--Amygris Agalocha (Roxb.) sweet and bitter, hot and aperient; increases appetite; increases the bulk of the solids, and is aphrodisiac; reunites fractured bones, discusses indurations; used in disorders of wind, mucus, blood, boils, eruptions, ill-conditioned ulcers, seminal weakness, Juzam, Soorkhbad, debility, emaciation, sweating sickness, acne, and swellings. The older it is the more effectual. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. A. Mukul. One kind is called Bhainsia Googul.

810 Goondinie.--A common fruit of Hindostan, of a red color, and fine coat, about the size of the Khalsa, or larger, and more oval. It is aperient, suppurant, and vermifuge. It is sweet and cool; of use in cough and flatulence, but if taken in quantity, produces nausea.

811 Gooha.--A name for Perestpirnie; also the name of an insect like the cricket, but larger; it makes much noise in the rains.

812 Goolur.--"Ficus Glomerata." A common fruit; when young, it is green, but when ripe, it becomes red, and in this state it is filled with small insects; it is said that if eaten without being opened, it will be found beneficial for the eyes. It is called cool and dry; some say hot and moist: but in my opinion it is cool and moist, and decreases bile. My father prescribed it in its unripe state in laxities of the bowels, and also in bleeding piles. The physicians of India have described it as astringent; it is slow of digestion. The bark of the tree is useful in ulcers, and as an external application in severe bruises. Water drank after its use, produces pain in the bowels. The Goolur eat with barley-meal or sugar, is useful in giddiness and heat in the liver. Its milk applied to boils, hasten suppuration or resolution.

Maadentezerrubad.

Goolur is cool and moist; useful in bilious complaints, heat, thirst, and running at the nose from heat. The decoction of the bark removes poison from wounds inflicted by the claws of the tiger, cat, or other animal. The root bruised in water is useful in dysentery, in a dose of two direms.

813 Goonma.--"Pharnaceum mollugo." The plant grows in waste and wild places, and is very common. It is about a yard high, and grows in the rains; it is many-flowered; and when young they are of a red color, but become grey when dry, and full of small holes; they are round and curled.

814 Koonda.--Koonda, called also Pita. A. Midjdubeh, and in P. Puzdubeh. It is a creeper; its leaves like the Gourd leaf, or larger; its fruit twice as large as a melon. When unripe, it is cooling, and useful in bilious disorders and wind; it increases mucus. When ripe, it is sweet and pungent; it is equal in its properties; light; creates appetite; assists digestion; useful in disorders of the stomach and of the three secretions. The fibres of its root, its leaves, and branches, are sweet; beneficial in disorders of wind and mucus; are lithontriptic: the soft part of the fruit is sweet, removes gravel and other disorders of the urinary bladder; cures bilious disorders, and is aphrodisiac. The particular mode of administering it, I have described in my other works. It is very useful as an aphrodisiac, and for increasing the bulk of the solids. Cucurbita Pepo.

Its sherbet is useful in all the disorders above mentioned, also in depression of spirits from heat, in mania or disordered imagination; increases appetite and evacuates bile.

The sherbet is thus prepared:

A piece is cut off from the end of the fruit, and the inside scooped out till the hand can be admitted; this is to be filled with fine sugar, taking care to preserve all the juice. The divided piece is then to be re-applied, the division secured with moistened flour; it is then placed in the sun, during the hot season, for four days, or in the cold weather for a week. It by this process becomes acid like oxymel; the juice is then taken out, strained, and seasoned with cardamums, saffron, musk, and cloves, or other articles as may be deemed proper, and preserved in bottles for use; the dose is four tolahs, but it will not keep good beyond a week.

815 Khaer.--Vide Kut. "Acacia Catechu, Mimosa Catechu. Chadira, S." A tree of the jungles, from which Catechu is produced. It is called also Cudder. "One of the best applications in ulcers I ever tried, is composed of Catechu, Camphor, and white lead, in equal parts."--Trans.

816 Geerehti.--A plant, about a yard high, or less; the largest kind is named Geerehta, also Mahabela. Its leaves are larger, as well as the tree, than the Geerehtee; but the latter is to be preferred as a medicine. It is sweet, cool, moist, and astringent, useful in Soorkhbad, disorders of bile, affections of the uterus, and clears the complexion.

817 Kherie.--An earth of a white color used in cleaning houses; one kind of it is called Goorboghan.

818 Kyrnie.--One kind of it is named Chupuk. It is the fruit of a very large tree, of a yellow color, about the size of a date, but thicker; both kinds are cool and moist, heavy and tonic; useful in thirst, delirium, heaviness of the head, and disorders of all the secretions. If the kernel is bruised in water and applied to the eyes, it will remove opacities of the cornea--this I know from my grand-father's experience.

In my opinion, it is cardiac and stomachic, and gently astringent; when ripe it is very generally useful. Some have called it hot in the second and dry in the first degree. If eaten when unripe, there is fear of its producing cholic. Its corrector is dhaie. The kernel is bitter.

819 Koontanduk.--A kind of Rice, like the Saatee in its properties.

820 Ghora.--P. Asp. The horse; its meat is sweet to the taste, but bitter in digestion. It is light, creates appetite, increases bile and mucus, beneficial in disorders of wind, and increases aphrodisia. It is generally tonic, and strengthens the eyes. I have often eat of it, and believe it to be hot and tonic, but it is hurtful to those of hot temperament. In some countries, it is used as food, and it was so used by Vizier Nawab Kumruddin Khan. I have remarked, that when used in this country as food by the natives of other countries, it produces a fermentation in the blood, and consequent eruptions in the mouth and tongue. Its properties are particularly noticed in Yunani works, and I have conversed with many who considered the milk of the mare excellent as a stomachic and aphrodisiac.

821 Khutmul.--P. Saas. A. Fusafush. It is bred in beds or other furniture. Its smell is very useful in epilepsy; bruised in water and used as an injection into the urethra, it will be found useful in suppression of urine.

822 Kujoor.--Phoenix dactylifera or Phoenix Silvestris or Khurjoor. A. Kittub. It has many fruits, even to the number of many hundreds: in its properties it is very similar to the Pind-Kajoor.

823 Khaperia.--A. Tooti. P. Sungbusseri. It is useful in affections of the eyes and eye sight. Its powder beneficial for cleaning and healing ulcers. Its ointment I have noticed in my other publications. I have known a person who used it commonly as a tonic to the stomach, and for correcting laxities of the bowels. It is also used in Indian Recipes, but I have never seen that any physician of celebrity recommended its use.

824 Keera or Kheera. One kind of this is bitter, but both are cool and dry, diuretic, and aperient; useful in disorders of bile, lithontriptic, and beneficial in suppression of urine. The ripe fruit is sweet and little astringent. The Balum-kheera is a kind of this, but of less efficacy. The large kind, from its efficacy and scarcity, was usually sent to the emperor by the Marwar Rajah. It is highly spoken of for the cure of Remittent Fever.

825 Khand.--Heavy, creating appetite, tonic, aperient; useful in thirst, general heat, delirium, disorders of bile and wind; but if eaten to excess it produces bile.

826 Khylakhylie.--A name for Silleekha. Its rind is hard and thick, and of a round shape; it is of a reddish clay color. It is the bark of a tree; some say it is not the Silleekha, but that it nearly resembles it. It forms an ingredient in formulÊ for strengthening the loins and kidnies. It dries up the vagina, and is used by women in the cold season as an ingredient in Peendie.

827 Ghekwaar or Ghwar. "Aloe Perfoliata, W. Ghrita Cumari and Taruni, S. Elwa (the gum), H. Musebber, A. Suc d'Aloes (the gum), F. Glausinde Aloe, G. Aloe, I. Aloe, Sp." It is the Sibr plant, and is in height about a yard, becoming small towards the top; it is full of juice of an offensive smell; it (the leaf) is serrated on the edges, and is of a green color. It is bitter, cool, and aperient, useful in affections of the spleen and liver, disorders of mucus, bile, blood, fever, blisters, and hardness of the skin; and slightly increases bile. If rubbed with water on the hands, fire may be held with impunity. Its juice is well known as a medicine, mixed with anise seed; it is excellent in pains of the bowels. I have written more of its virtues in my other works, and the prescription there mentioned is excellent in all disorders from cold. The pulp of the leaf with alum and opium is excellent in ophthalmia; its juice dropt into the eye.

828 Goongchee.--"Abrus Precatorius. Gooncha, H. Gunja, S. The seed called Retti, H. Rectica, S. The root of the plant coincides very exactly in appearance, taste, and medicinal qualities with the liquorice root, and is sold for it in the bazar; vide Glycine Abrus, Linn, Flem."

Maadentezerrubad.

Goongchee, called also Retti, is hot and dry; its dose one direm. In the opinion of the people of India, it is cool and dry in the third degree. It is emetic, and violently purgative, and is considered a poison. If the Goongchee is reduced to a coarse powder, moistened with water, and bruised and fried in sweet oil, till it is dissolved; this oil applied in the morning to the head, and washed off at night, and this repeated for 21 days, it will greatly increase the growth of the hair; its leaves and branches thus prepared have the same effect

If the Red Goongcha, having its bark peeled off, be coarse pounded to the quantity of eight ounces, and boiled in eight pounds of cow's milk, till only three pounds remain, then coagulated, and its butter extracted; the butter will reproduce hair on any parts which may have been deprived of it by venereal or other disease, and the effect will take place by its continuance for a fortnight. The white Goonchee, in the quantity of two direms, given internally for three days, with sugar, to a woman, will render her barren.

829 Khelowrie.--The name for the composition of certain pills, about the size of Peepul seed, sold covered with silver leaf; they are highly scented, and improve the smell of the mouth; they enliven the spirits and strengthen the stomach. They are made of Kuth in this manner:

The Catechu is first mixed well with water, and the precipitate taken for use. This is boiled in cow's milk, or sometimes in the above-mentioned water; then Musk Amber and Rose-water are added, or the distilled water of Keora, and from this the pills are formed.

830 Khull.--A name for Kus'boosum seem; the refuse of Till. It is heavy and flatulent, weakens eye-sight; is aphrodisiac; and is used as a soap to remove grease from the hands.

831 Khopra.--A name for Narzeel. Its properties mentioned in Yunani works.

832 Khewumberie.--The wild fig; useful in white leprosy. All Indian physicians use the root in this disease, both internally and externally; some have called it hot, others cold; it is likewise named Kewumber.

833 Khesoo.--A root; the leaf of its tree resembles a tiger's claws. Its flower is yellow; the tree large and common all over the jungles, and becomes of a red color like fire.

834 Khynth.--A tree of India; its fruit acid like the apple when unripe; it is light; cures thirst, hiccup, disorders of wind and bile. It clears the throat; is difficult of digestion, and strengthens the stomach, and is lithontriptic; beneficial in fulness of the head, and is cool and dry in the second degree.

835 Gheyd.--A kind of Vulture. Its flesh is beneficial in disorders of the eyes; it is a bird of prey; hot and dry: it is of a black color, though some have described it as grey. The Baaz and Joorra are used in hawking. A. Okab, P. Aal.

836 Kinchua.--A name of Kherrateen. The earth-worm. It is used in oil and fomentation as an aphrodisiac, and for this purpose the most powerful is the Lumbricus discharged from the human subject.

Maadentezerrubad.

It is said, that if the Kinchua be dried and mixed with dhaie, it will contract the vagina. If it be mixed with sweet oil, and boiled, and in this Zaftroomie (pitch) be dissolved, and the mixture externally applied, it will increase the size of the male organ. From the worm a kind of copper is procured, which is called in India Paak Tamba. If put in the mouth it has this effect, that the taste of the neeb, or pungency of chunam will not be perceptible. It is an antidote to all animal as well as vegetable poisons, and hydrophobia; useful in want of power in the digestive organs and pains in the bowels. Its powder is useful in the Soorkhbad, and kept in the mouth, prevents thirst; and if kept about the person a snake will not approach or bite. Thus prepared:--The fresh worms are taken and put into a copper vessel, over them is poured lime juice, and the vessel well luted, is placed on the fire; when well boiled, the medicine will be found adhering to the top and sides of the vessel.

Another mode.

Take of white lead and borax, each eight direms; turmeric and bullock's bile, each four direms; worms and honey, each 24 direms; mix and fry the whole in cow's ghee, and when fried, make the mass into balls. Place these balls in an earthen vessel on the fire, and by means of bellows increase the heat, and keep it so, for some time; and when taken off the fire, the Paak Tamba will be found in small grains at the bottom.

837 Gyndha.--Rhinoceros. A four-footed beast, larger than the buffaloe. Its skin black and indented; it is very hard, and used for making shields, which are held in great estimation. It has a horn near its nose. Its flesh is used in disorders of wind, and decreases urine and fÊces. The smoke of the horn while burning is excellent in the cure of piles, and for producing easy labour; drinking water from a cup made of the horn will also cure the piles. P. Kurguddun.

838 Kenkra.--Its flesh is cool, and strengthens the seven component parts of the body; is aphrodisiac, and remedies profuse discharge of the menses. "The Crab."

839 Kesur or Kunkum. Saffron. It is pungent and hot; exhilirates the spirit; useful in hiccup and in affections of the skin from a taint in the blood; it is beneficial in head-ache; allays vomiting; is vermifuge; cures boils and disorders of the three secretions, and cleans the complexion. P. Zaffraan.

840 Kyte.--When unripe, it is light; induces costiveness; used in disorders of the three secretions. When ripe, it becomes of a bitterish sweet, and is useful in dropsy, eruptions of the mouth, and in wind. It is heavy, clears the throat, is slow of digestion, and allays thirst.

841 Kytiputtrie.--Its leaves resemble the Kyte; it is hot and pungent; used in disorders from poison, phlegm in the throat, and seminal weakness.

842 Kyloot.--Cool, astringent; useful in eruptions of the mouth, in mucus, and flatulent disorders.

843 Keora.--Pandanus Odoratissimus, (Roxb.) It is like the Ketki, but it is twice as large; its leaves are prickly, and about the same thickness throughout. It is in fact like a head of Indian corn before its leaves recede. It has a very powerful, penetrating, diffusible scent, more perceptible at a distance than when close; and after it is dried the smell remains. If it is put amongst linen, the smell will adhere to it for a length of time. The plant is about 12 feet high; its leaves resemble the Juwar, and are long and trefoil, with prickles upon all of them; it flowers when four years old. Earth is thrown up round the roots every year. In the Deccan and in Behar, it is very common. A distilled water is made from its flowers, which is cardiac and stomachic.

844 Kethki.--Also Pandanus Odoratissimus, for it is a kind of Keora. The Sirrunkethkie is also a species of this.

845 Kewanch.--Sweet, hot, heavy, and aphrodisiac; produces an increased secretion of semen. Its seed is useful in disorders of wind, and is also aphrodisiac. It is a name for Kabeakudje, and that is a species of Curruf's junglee. It is also a name for Dolichos Pruriens or Cow-itch.

846 Kela.--Musa Paradisiaca. The Plantain or Banana. The tree is straight, about the height of a spear. Its leaves, when young, come out in the form of a round ruler, and are soft as satin, and much resembling it, with cross marks resembling the plaits of cloth. The leaf when expanded is very long and broad. Its flower is a hard substance, of a pyramidal shape, and covered with leaves of a dark-red color. Every tree which has flowered bears 70 or 80 plantains, formed in distinct rows round a centre stem, and the tree bears only once. And the fruit ripe, the tree must be cut down, to leave room for others to spring up from the same root. There are many kinds of this fruit. The best kind is small, and called Imrutbean; and the people of India have said that the camphor is produced from it: but those who say so are ignorant, the camphor tree is very different. Its root is tonic; beneficial in disorders of bile, blood, and mucus, and in gonorrhoea; but it weakens aphrodisia. The fruit is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy; increases flatulence and mucus; useful in disorders of bile, blood, wind, and heat of the chest. A. Mooz. The natives of India dress the unripe fruit with meat, or even dress it alone; and the Hindoos dress the heart of the branches for food. This I have found very effectual as an aphrodisiac and for increasing semen, and as a tonic to the brain. It weakens the stomach, and is heavy; its corrector is cardamum seed. The Yunani physicians say, that its correctors are honey, gum, and ginger.

847 Keetkarode.--A name for Baraicund.

848 Keekur or Babool. "Acacia Arabica, W. Babool, H. Barbura, S. Babool ka Goond (the gum), H. The bark, like that of most of the Acacias, is a powerful astringent, and is used as a substitute for Oak bark in tanning by leather-manufacturers in India. Gomme Arabique, F. Arabischen Gummi, G. Gomma Arabica, I. Vullam pisin, Tam." A common prickly tree of the jungles; its leaves very numerous and small; it is of two kinds, a large and a small. The young trees have very numerous prickles, the old trees have fewer; its bark kept in the mouth relieves cough. Its leaves heated and applied to the eye removes heat and inflammation; both kinds are astringent, hot, and pungent, useful in cough, mucus, and diseases proceeding from mucus; restrain laxatives of the bowels, and are useful in piles. The young leaves infused for a night in water, in the morning bruised in the water, and this drank, will be found very useful in gonorrhoea and itchiness of the bladder.

849 Keet or Keetie. The refuse or scoriÊ of iron; it is sweet, pungent, and hot; beneficial in wind, worms, cholicks, seminal weakness, and swellings.

850 Gehoon.--A name for Gundum. A. Hinta. It is oleaginous and slow of digestion; facilitates the junction of fractured bones. Is soft, tonic, useful in mucus, and increases semen. Its oil is beneficial in Daad and swellings from vitiated bile. The oil is thus made:--White Gehoon is moistened for a night in water, and in the morning the oil is extracted.

851 Geroo.--It is sweet, astringent, and cool; useful in ulcers; clears the skin; beneficial in piles, heat, and incipient phlegmon. It resembles the Gilermonie, and is often substituted for it.

852 Laak.--Common lac is a kind of wax, formed by the Coccus Lacca: cool, moist; clears the color of the skin; is aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of mucus, blood, bile; and is vermifuge. It also cures boils, eruptions, acne, bruises, and Juzam, and removes possession by evil spirits. I have found it to be very aphrodisiac.

This is the gum of the Baer tree. There is one kind of Seed Lac, which when melted becomes like this.

853 Lahi.--A name for Ulsee.

854 Langullie.--The name of a shrub, pungent and hot; useful in disorders of wind, mucus, and ulcers, also in affections of the stomach and bowels; is laxative.

855 Lubhera.--Hot; antidote to poison; useful in blisters, boils, acne, and Juzam; strengthens the hair of the head; is aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of wind, blood, and in hectic fever.

856 Lublie or Lolie. A high tree with very numerous leaves and branches; the leaves are smooth and shining, and when rubbed, have a sweet smell: they are of a yellowish color. Its bark is soft and flexible; the fruit like the Malkungnie, but of a dark-purple color. The properties of the fruit are, that it cures disorders of blood, and piles, superabundance of wind, and eruptions of the mouth. It is light, and the kernel of the seed is of the same nature.

857 Lutoobrie.--Called also Soonitjhal. The plant is about half a yard in height, it grows in the hot weather on the banks of the rivers or near water; brought in contact with the skin, it produces itching and pimples. The Hindoos use it as pickles by cutting the branches in pieces, infusing them in water for several days till they become sour. It is hot, and its juice very useful in ringworm. It in the first place causes a great discharge of water from the parts, and then heals them up. If it is bruised and applied for three days to parts void of sensation, it will produce blisters, and the water being discharged, and common ointment applied to the parts, the cure will be found complete. It dissipates wind. The leaves resemble Tirriteruk; the flower is yellow like the Baboona.

858 Lydoaloo.--"Mimosa Natans." Bitter, astringent, and cool; used in the cure of disorders of mucus and bile, eruptions from diffusion of bile, pains or inflammation in the female parts of generation, and restrains diarrhoea. It is sensitive, and contracts to the touch. I have seen the plants, and noticed that the leaves resembled those of the tamarind, but are smaller. Its branches small, with very minute prickles. It is said that it grows to a yard in height, and that it is so very sensitive that it contracts if a shadow passes over it.

859 Lichmuna.--The female called Lichmunie. It is cool, aperient, and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of wind, bile and mucus. It is the name of the Nuffaa, also called the small Kuthui.

860 Lichmiphill.--A name for Bele.

861 Lichkutch.--A name for Burhel, also called Lukitch.

862 Lukmunia and Lukmunie. Names for Litchmuna. In A. called Beroogus sunum. P. Mirdumgeea.

863 Loodh'phup.--Sweet, cool, moist, and light; tonic, astringent, and diuretic; relieves disorders of bile, and slightly increases mucus and wind.

864 Lodh.--"Simplocus Racemosa." A kind of this is white. I have not seen the tree; the bark is brought from the hills; thick, and of a white color; both kinds are astringent, cool, and aperient; strengthens the eyes; beneficial in disorders of mucus, blood, and swellings; useful in vomiting of blood, and is laxative. Its flower is sweet, bitter, and astringent; of use in affections of the eyes and mucus; increases the consistence of semen, and is an ingredient in all aphrodisiac formulÊ. The particular manner of its administration I have given in my other publications. The Lodh Pytanee is a kind of this.

Maadentezerrubad.

Lodh is of two kinds, one from Guzeerat, of a reddish clear color, the other from the hills of Hindustan, of a dirty greenish hue, and underneath reddish. The latter is used by the dyers, and the former in medicine. It is beneficial in disorders of the eyes; it is cool, dry, and astringent; restrains vomiting of blood; generally styptic, and as a cold application, removes pain of the eye. Dose one miskal.

865 Lawa.--"Perdix Chinensis." A bird smaller than the partridge; of this the people of India have enumerated four kinds--Bansal, Goruk, Goonderuck, and Durber. The meat of three of them is cool, moist, cardiac, astringent, and stomachic. The first kind is hot, increases mucus, and beneficial in disorders of wind. The second kind is useful in mucous disorders. The third kind is light; its properties in equilibrium; useful as food for the debilitated.

866 Loonia.--"Portulaca oleracea." Culinary greens; another kind is called Koonder. Both are saltish to the taste, and sweet during digestion; cool and dry, heavy and aperient; increase wind and flatulent swellings of the abdomen, also bile and mucus. The other kind is understood to be hot; useful in difficulty of breathing, disorders of mucus, and increases flatulence.

867 Loha.--Ferrum, Iron. Ayas, S. Sweet and astringent, cool and aphrodisiac, aperient and heavy; useful in disorders of mucus and bile, and in swellings; it produces wind. Its scoriÊ are called Rubusool hudeed; it is given both in powder and pills: the method of its preparation I have given in my other works. I have given iron in piles from cold, also for strengthening the stomach, for lengthening aphrodisia, and generally as an aphrodisiac. I have also exhibited it with success in dropsy. It is commonly used by physicians in India, but my advice is to have as little to do with it as possible.

868 Long.--"Caryophillus Aromaticus." A. Kurnphul. Its properties are particularized in Yunani works. If it be introduced into an apple, and the apple left to dry, then taken out, I have found it an excellent tonic to the stomach, possessing a cardiac property, useful in vomiting, and aiding digestion. The apple also will have become possessed of the same qualities.

869 Lobaan.--"Libanus Thurifera, Coll. Boswellia, Roxb. Olibanum, Frankincense. Encens, F. Styrax Benzoin, Murr. Resin of Boswellia serrata, Roxb." The vizier of Ackber Shah has written, that this is a gum brought from beyond sea. It has a fine and penetrating smell when burnt; some call it Meeayabisa. It is very plentiful in this country.

It would seem to be hot in the 2nd degree. In the refined state, it is most powerful, and very little of it will be sufficient.

Maadentezerrubad.