Chapter XIV: Part 14

[426] I presume that the ends laid hold of by the boatmen were the disengaged ends--i.e., the ends 14 or 15 yards apart. But see Iqbal-nama, 166-167.

[427] Text Panj Hazara. The MSS. are not clear. It may be the Sendbrary of Bernier.

[428] The word is shikar, but, as he had renounced shooting, netting is probably what is meant.

[429] Iqbal-nama, 169.

[430] Or Pampar, the ancient Padmapura. See Stein, J.A.S.B. for 1899, p. 167; Elliot, VI. 375. But the passage, as in Elliot, does not come directly from the Tuzuk or the Iqbal-nama.

[431] MSS. have 3,200.

[432] I.e., hawks taken from the nest, and not born in captivity.

[433] Iqbal-nama, 169.

[434] This is Mir Jamalu-d-din, the dictionary-maker and friend of Sir Thomas Roe.

[435] The sentence appears obscure, but probably it was an order to the authorities at Lahore to supply Husamu-d-din with the cost of entertaining the ambassador up to the amount of Rs. 5,000.

[436] Perhaps the waterfall described by Bernier in his ninth letter, and mentioned as having been admired by Jahangir.

[437] Hirapur is Hurapur and the ancient Surapura.

[438] Mari or Nari Brara in the MSS.

[439] Bi-badal K. is the name given by Jahangir to Sa`ida or Shaida who was chief goldsmith. See end of 15th year, p. 326 of text. For Shaida, who died in Kashmir in 1080 (A.D. 1669-70), see Rieu, III. 1083a, and I. 251, and Supp. Catalogue, p. 207, and Sprenger's Catalogue 124.

[440] Text calls them brothers, but the MSS. show that biradar is a mistake for barabar, "equally."

[441] The MSS. add: "He was a good youth (jawan) and without guile."

[442] Ab-i-hayat, "water of life," a name given by Akbar to his ab-dar-khana, or supply of drinking-water, etc. See Blochmann, 51.

[443] Text wrongly has Thatta.

[444] Elliott, VI. 376. Apparently Sati was not practised by burning, but by burying.

[445] Bisyar bihtar, MS., 181.

[446] Girjhak is said to be the Hindu name for Jalalpur, and the probable site of Bukephala, Jarrett, II. 324. Makhiyala is also mentioned there. It seems that Mukhyala is the famous Manikiyala, where the Buddhist tope is which was first described by Elphinstone. Abu-l-Fazl says in the Ayin that it was a place of worship. See I.G., new ed., XVII. 182.

[447] Mountain-sheep. Apparently three rings were made.

[448] The I.O. MSS. add here 76 head of markhwur, etc., were taken.

[449] Perhaps the reference is to the tomb he formerly put up over a favourite deer.

[450] MSS. have "is very noble."

[451] Pigeon-fancier. He belonged to Herat, and is mentioned in Blochmann, 302.

[452] Text wrongly has 1031. It should be 1030, as in the Iqbal-nama, 171.

[453] The couplet is given in Iqbal-nama, 171, with some verbal differences.

[454] Elliott, VI. 374.

[455] Jauhar Mal is mentioned at p. 310. Perhaps he was not Suraj Mal, but it looks as if he was the same person. Cf. corresponding passage in Iqbal-nama, 173, where he is called Suraj Mal.

[456] P. 310 of text.

[457] Raja Bikramajit. See ante, p. 310.

[458] Text wrongly has ghalla grain, instead of `alafha fodder, grasses, etc. See MSS. and Iqbal-nama, 174.

[459] Text wrongly has 1031, but it is 1031 in the MSS. and in Elliot, VI., 375. See, however, Elliot, VI. 378, and text, 326, which shew that the 16th year began in 1030.

[460] The `Abbasi is also the name of a dress. The MSS. have fourteen, instead of four, horses. Apparently the presents were Zambil's own offering, not that of his master. See below.

[461] Mansab-i-kabak. Perhaps we should read katak, and regard the increase as made to the office of guarding the palace. It is katak, apparently, in I.O. MSS. It may, however, be Kang or Gang and a man's name.

[462] Apparently the translator of the Rajatarangini.

[463] Doubtless the Gwalior in the Panjab.

[464] Nur Jahan's daughter by Shir-afgan. The date of the asking is given in the text as the third, but should be the 30th, as in the I.O. MSS.

[465] Elliot, VI. 376.

[466] The Iqbal-nama, 176, has "ten crores."

[467] The MSS. have 5,000. The word for "gunners" is tupchi.

[468] The MSS., instead of Naushahr, have sawad-i-shahr, "the environs of the city" (cf. Lahore?).

[469] It was in the vicinity of Lahore. Akbar-nama, III. 569.

[470] But the next page of text records another feast of the lunar weighment. Can it be that the lunar weighment refers to Nur Jahan's birthday, not to Jahangir's? The 17th here mentioned is the 17th of the solar month of Dai, and corresponded to about December 28, 1620. In the following page (324) we are told that the lunar weighment took place on 30 Bahman, corresponding to 25 Rabi`u-l-awwal--i.e., February 8, 1621: Jahangir's birthday was on Rabi`u-l-awwal 17, so the anniversary fell this year on 22 Bahman. Consequently, if he celebrated it, as stated on p. 323, on 17 Dai, he did so more than a month too soon! Evidently there is a mistake somewhere.

[471] This place is mentioned again in the account of the 16th year, p. 338. It evidently received its name from Nur Jahan.

[472] Akbarpur, twelve miles N.W. Mathura. J. Sarkar's India of Aurangzeb, 171.

[473] That is, of Chach in Transoxiana, but according to I.O. MS. 181, the word is Khafi--i.e., from Khaf or Khwaf.

[474] Ninety-one rubies is surely a mistake. The Iqbal-nama, 177, only speaks of one. It is, however, 91 yaqut in I.O. MS., 181.

[475] This is the Armenian of whom so much is said by Father Botelho and other missionaries. It is mentioned in M. Waris's continuation of the Padishah-nama, p. 392, of B.M. MS., that Zu-l-Qarnain Farangi came from Bengal and presented poems which he had composed on Shah Jahan's name, and got a present of Rs. 4,000. He it was, probably, who entertained Coryat. The passage in the text seems to show that Akbar had an Armenian wife.

[476] He is mentioned in some MSS. of the Akbar-nama, vol. III., as taking part in the religious discussions.

[477] Probably this is the La`l Beg who wrote a book about the Naqshbandi order. See Ma'asiru-l-Umara, II., 382.

[478] The Iqbal-nama has "42 eunuchs."

[479] The MSS. have 40 cocks, 12 buffaloes, and 7 buffalo-horns. The text also has shakh, horns, but this has been taken as a pleonasm.

[480] But there was such a ceremony a few days before (see p. 323 of text).

[481] For tank see Blochmann, 16 n. The Iqbal-nama, 178, has "twelve misqals."

[482] For the Naskh character see Blochmann, 99-100, and for the Nasta`liq, 101. See also the elaborate article on Writing in Hughes' Dictionary of Islam.

[483] By Shah-i-Wilayat is meant the Caliph `Ali b. Abi Talib.

[484] The Houshabarchan of Hawkins.

[485] Mahaban, five or six miles from Mathura.

[486] They had made an istiqbal, or visit of welcome, from Agra.

[487] This was Babar's garden. It was on the opposite side of the Jumna to Agra.

[488] So in text, but two (du) must be a mistake for "ten," as 2 months, 2 days = 62, and the marches and halts 49 + 21 amount to 70, or 8 more. It is 10 in I.O. MSS.

[489] The budna, or bodna, is a species of quail. See Babar's Memoirs, Erskine, p. 320, where it is spelt budinah. There is a description in the Ayin, Blochmann, 296, of the mode of catching them.

[490] The word "village" is omitted in both the I.O. MSS.

[491] This gives an average of Rs. 6,342 for each animal.

[492] The I.O. MSS. have "Saturday." But Monday seems right, as Thursday was 4 Farwardin.

[493] In the Ayin, which was composed in the 40th year of Akbar's reign, Salim's rank is given as 10,000, Murad's as 8,000, and Daniyal's as 7,000 (p. 308).

[494] In celebration of the commencement of the 16th year of the reign.

[495] Yaqut-i-kabud, "a blue ruby."

[496] The I.O. MSS. have Mirza Muhammad.

[497] Jamalu-d-din Husain Inju.

[498] See Vullers, s.v. It is a smelling-bottle or case containing ambergris.

[499] Blochmann, 55.

[500] Apparently a zebra. See Iqbal-nama, 179, where it is stated that it was brought by sea. The text of the Tuzuk is wrong, as usual. What we should read is: "It was like a tiger (MS. 181 and Iqbal-nama have shir, not babar), but the markings on a tiger are black and yellow, and these were black and white."

[501] Perhaps this is the muhar now in Germany.

[502] Husain K. Tukriya.

[503] Nafs mi-suzad.

[504] Thursday night or Friday eve is what is meant.

[505] Elliot, VI. 378.

[506] King David was said to be a maker of cuirasses.

[507] Yamani. Elliot has almasi (adamant-like).

[508] See Blochmann's translation and remarks in Proceedings A.S.B. for 1869, p. 167. It is there stated that the date of the fall of the meteorite was Friday, April 10, 1621, O.S., and that the weight would be nearly 5.271 pounds troy.

[509] A widow of Baqi Muhammad.

[510] Elliot, VI. 379.

[511] Elliot, VI. 379, has "in sight of the fort." Perhaps the meaning is that the villages were in the jurisdiction of the fort.

[512] The Iqbal-nama, 181, has "fourteen."

[513] The account of Shah Jahan's spirited attack on the Deccanis is in some places rather obscurely worded, and the printed edition is not always correct. Help can be obtained from the Iqbal-nama, 181, etc., and from Elliot, VI. 379. The text has firar, "flight," and this has been followed by Elliot, who has "on their approach the rebels took to flight, and removed to a distance from Burhanpur." But the true reading, as shown by the Iqbal-nama, is qarar, "firmness," not firar, and the words are bar daur-i-shahr, "round the city," not bar dur, "far from." The rebels were, as the Iqbal-nama states, "in the environs of the city," "dar sawad-i-shahr," but apparently not in such force as to prevent Shah Jahan's sazawuls--i.e., his apparitors and summoners--from going into the city and bringing out recruits.

[514] In the I.O. MSS. the word looks like bi-jagari (want of settled home or residence?).

[515] Text has chasa. The word may be jushsha, given in Vullers, 516b, as meaning robes or garments, and this is the meaning given to it by Elliot, but the Iqbal-nama has jubba, "cuirasses," and this I have adopted. It is jubba in I.O. No. 181.

[516] Text, chihla u khamcha. The last word should, I think, be jamjama. Chihla in Hindustani means a "slimy place." It is jamjama in I.O. MS., No. 181.

[517] Text has ghair instead of `Ambar.

[518] Text wrongly has Rup-ratan.

[519] Padishah-nama, I., Part II., p. 349.

[520] The text wrongly has 1,000.

[521] The Bib. Ind. ed. of Iqbal-nama, 184, inserts a negative here, but this seems wrong. In a MS. in my possession there is no negative.

[522] Elliot, VI. 380.

[523] Elliot, VI. 448, the Ma'asiru-l-Umara, I. 577, and Padishah-nama I., Part II., 347.

[524] Text wrongly has 12th. Jahangir's birthday was on the 18th Shahriwar.

[525] Khiffati. I am not sure of the reading. One B.M. MS. seems to have haqqi, and perhaps the meaning is that the physicians had already been abundantly recompensed for their labour for two or three days, haqqi being taken as equal to haqq-i-sa`i.

[526] A little before his weight came only to Rs. 6,500 (p. 329 of text). But possibly Jahangir means that he had himself weighed for Jotik's benefit.

[527] Elliot, VI. 381.

[528] Madar-i-dahr.

[529] Text and MSS. have madar-i-ura, "her mother"(?) Perhaps we should read ma ura, "we (esteemed) her not less than our own mother." Or it may be that the "her" means Nur Jahan, and that Jahangir means he esteemed his mother-in-law as much as his own mother.

[530] That is, Shah Jahan (see Iqbal-nama, 186).

[531] The MSS. seem to have Khosti--i.e., of Khost.

[532] Text 8th, but should be 20th.

[533] Alwanu in MSS. It appears to be Aluwa, 11m. S.-E. of Sirhind.

[534] Text pahangi, which seems unintelligible. The MSS. have mahiki(?)-i-khurd, "a small fish."

[535] Baqqa.

[536] Founded by Nur Jahan (see Cunningham, "Archæological Reports," XIV. 62).

[537] Spelt Ilah-bas.

[538] I have translated this passage from the MSS., which differ a good deal from the text. Talwara was in the Bari Du'ab Sarkar (Jarrett, II. 318.)

[539] Apparently this is the pulpaikar of Babar (Erskine, 320), though the two descriptions do not altogether agree. Perhaps it is a hornbill.

[540] The MSS. have sal and lut. Is it the sham of Babar? (Erskine, 320).

[541] Murgh-i-zarin, goldfinch or golden oriole (?).

[542] The date and month are not mentioned, but it appears from the Iqbal-nama, which gives the next entry as 14 Bahman, that the month was Bahman, and that the date was probably about 20 January, 1622.

[543] The Bhalon of Jarrett, II. 316. Sibah is mentioned at p. 317, ibid. The text has Sita.

[544] The couplet comes from Budags's elegy on Abu-l-Hasan Nahid Balkhi. See Aufi's Lababu-l-Albab. Browne's ed., Part II., p. 3.

[545] Text wrongly has Chita. Chamba is N.-W. of Kangra.

[546] Elliot, VI. 382.

[547] The fort was destroyed by the earthquake of 1905 (I.G., XIV. 397). Presumably Jahangir's mosque was also destroyed then.

[548] The breadth of the second tank is not mentioned in the MSS.

[549] "The present temple of Bajreswari Devi is at Bhawan, a suburb of Kangra" (I.G., XIV. 386).

[550] See I.G., XIV. 86, and Jarrett, II. 314 and n. 1. Jarrett states that Jwala Mukhi is two days' journey from Kangra. Apparently Jahangir took his statement from the Ayin, which has the words "in the vicinity" (Jarrett, ibid.). Jarrett's statement that Jwala Mukhi is two days' journey from Kangra is taken from Tieffenthaler, I. 108. Tieffenthaler adds that the distance is 14 to 15 milles (leagues, or kosses). He speaks of the Fort of Kangra as being only one-fourth of a mille in circumference. The image, he states, was that of Bhowani, and represented the lower part of the goddess's body. The head was alleged to be at Jwala Mukhi.

[551] I.e., know the physical cause of the flame. The MSS. do not mention Hindus in this clause.

[552] See Jarrett, II. 313, and note 2.

[553] The temple was sacked by Mahmud of Ghaznin.

[554] This might be Koh-i-Mandar, the hill which was used as a churning-stick by the gods. There is a hill of this name in Bhagalpur district which is known as Mandargiri. But probably Kuh-i-Madar here means the centre-hill, for in the Bib. Ind. text of the Ayin-i-Akbari, I. 538, two lines from foot, it is said that the place is called Jalandhari, and a note (7) gives the various reading, "this spot is regarded as the centre," "sar-i-zamin-ra madar pindarand." Apparently it is regarded as the central place because the breast fell here, Jarrett, II. 314, n. According to the list given there the right breast fell at Jalandhara and the tongue at Jwala Mukhi.

[555] I.G., new ed., XIX. 232.

[556] Podna, or budana. The quail.

[557] Text khirdash, which I presume is a mistake for khurus.

[558] Dhameri. See I.G., XIX. 232.

[559] Mauti might mean "dead," but probably the word means "Pearl," and was the title assumed by a tribe or family among the Sannyasis. See infra. The statement that this order put themselves into the figure of a cross doubtless means that they belong to the Urdu bahu (arms-aloft) sect--i.e., the sect who raise their arms above their heads, in the figure of a cross. In Tavernier, II. 378, of ed. of 1676, this is the 8th posture of ascetics, and at that page and at 376 there are figures of such ascetics. The I.O. MSS. have salab, "mourning," instead of salb.

[560] Sarva vasi means "all-abiding." Perhaps the word should be Sarva nasi, "all-destroying."

[561] For taslim, see Hughes' Dict. of Islam. Possibly we should read taslib, "make the sign of the cross."

[562] The chronogram of the taking of the fort yields 1029, and that of the building of the mosque 1031.

[563] Nurani, "illumined," an allusion to Jahangir's name.

[564] The MSS. have Kahtuma apparently. ? Kahuta in Rawalpindi district.

[565] This should be, I think, the 20th, and though the name of the month is not given, it should be Bahman. See MSS. and Iqbalnama, 191. Khusrau died in the Deccan, and presumably at Burhanpur or Asir. 20 Bahman, 1031, corresponds to January 29, 1622, O.S. But the date of his death has not been quite determined. See J.R.A.S. for 1907, p. 601.

[566] The I.O. MSS. have 121 instead of 124, and they add to the information about Zafar K. that he died in Ghaznin. They also give his son's name as Sa`adatu-llah. The Iqbal-nama, p. 191, has 121 hill sheep, markhur and deer.

[567] Date not given. The Iqbal-nama, 191, has "the 8th."

[568] The Iqbal-nama, p. 192, speaks of a report of Khan Jahan that Khwaja `Abdu-l-`Aziz Naqshbandi, the governor of Qandahar, had a garrison of 3,000 men.

[569] Jahangir appears on this occasion to have forgotten the vow he made in the 13th year. See Elliot, VI. 362. Jahangir's words are clear: "ba tir u tufang andakhtam."

[570] Apparently this is the Barahmula Pass. It is mentioned in the Akbar-nama, III. 480-81 and 558, but does not appear on modern maps. Jahangir refers to it in the account of the 15th year, p. 204, and says it is the last of the passes.

[571] Sar-afraz in No. 181.

[572] The I.O. MS., No. 181, adds "and treasure."

[573] "Wilson" Glossary, p. 60. Elliot, Supp. Glossary, I. 52. The word seems connected with barinj, "rice."

[574] This is the poet Baba Talib Isfahani of Blochmann, 607.

[575] Elliot, VI. 383.

[576] Not that the question of the Deccan had been settled, but that Shah Jahan had left Burhanpur and come to Mandu. See Iqbal-nama, 193.

[577] Elliot, VI. 383.

[578] Tarkash-bandan, literally quiver-holders. Apparently the meaning is that the archers who were footmen (see Blochmann, 254, about Dakhili troops) lost their vocation when guns came into use, and became cavalry soldiers. But the meaning in text may be that the archers took to practising with bows and arrows on horseback. It appears from a Dasturu-l-`amal in the I.O., No. 1,855 (E. 2736) that the tarkash-bands were an inferior order of servants receiving 1,000 dams or less a year. They probably were not necessarily archers.

[579] The Achh Dal of the Ayin, Jarrett, II. 358.

[580] No. 181 has "at Virnag."

[581] Padshah-nama, I., Part II., p. 349.

[582] May also be read Uhar and Adhar. It is Adhar or Udhar in I.O. MSS.

[583] The Sind River of Kashmir is meant. Jarrett, II. 364.

[584] This seems a translation of Akbar's word arinas (enemy-destroying).

[585] Elliot, VI. 384, where Jhelam is a mistake.

[586] Padshah-nama, I., Part II., p. 339. His name was Mulla Shukru-llah, and he was from Shiraz. He is the Mirza Sorocolla of Roe.

[587] Compare Iqbal-nama, 194 and 196. It is stated there that Nur Jahan would not allow Afzal K. to have an audience, and that he was dismissed without gaining his object.

[588] See Iqbal-nama, 196, where it is said that these orders were not really given by Jahangir, but were Nur Jahan's.

[589] Elliot, VI. 280.

[590] This alludes to the facts that Humayun promised Shah Tahmasp that he would restore the fort after he had conquered India, and that Akbar had acknowledged the justice of Persia's claim.

[591] The clause is very obscure. Perhaps it is part of what Jahangir had said.

[592] Farzand-i-barkhurdar.

[593] It is noteworthy that Jahangir does not attempt to controvert the statement of Shah `Abbas that Qandahar rightfully belonged to Persia. There is a very long account in the `Alam-ara'i of the claims of Persia to Qandahar, and of the various attempts made to realize them, until at last it was taken by Shah `Abbas. See the account of the 35th year in the Teheran lithograph, p. 682, etc. The fort of Qandahar surrendered on 11 Sha`ban, 1031, or June 11, 1622. The Shah's letter announcing the fact and explaining his procedure was presented by Haidar Beg on 26 Aban, 1031--i.e., early in November, 1622. He brought the officers of the garrison with him. See `Alam-ara'i and the Tuzuk text, 348 (annals of the 17th year).

[594] Elliot, VI. 280.

[595] These words do not appear in the I.O. MSS. And what is written in this chapter about the fates of Khalil and Muhtarim, etc., does not agree with Mu`tamid's writing in Iqbal-nama.

[596] Elliot, VI. 384.

[597] Huquq ba-`uquq, "rights into wrongs."

[598] I rather think the meaning is "he by his baseness and illfatedness has capitally punished them, and has (as it were) slain them by his own hand," the meaning being that they will fall in the civil war about to take place.

[599] Compare Iqbal-nama, 199.

[600] This is the man whom Jahangir had made Raja Bikramajit.

[601] Elliot, VI. 385.

[602] The lines come from Firdusi's satire on Mahmud of Ghazni.

[603] He was the great-grandson, being the son of Maha Singh s. Jagat Singh s. Man Singh.

[604] Panj fauj. But perhaps the word is binj, or bikh, "root." Or it may be pichha fauj, "the hinder army." Apparently the reference is to the arrangement of the royal army into five divisions.

[605] "Bought it as if it were genuine."

[606] The Farhang-i-Jahangiri, Rieu Cat., p. 496 b.

[607] Where is this account? He is mentioned later, p. 359 of text. Perhaps he is the Armenian mentioned in the 15th year as Zu-l-Qarnain. But an Armenian would hardly be called a Farangi.

[608] The MSS. have "his brother Maghrur."

[609] The MSS. have a name that is not Naubat, and perhaps is Yunas or Yunash Khan.

[610] Yunas or Yunash in MSS.

[611] Perhaps it means that qisas or retaliation could not be inflicted. See Ma'asiru-l-umara, III. 335, and Iqbal-nama, 204. Evidently the mother did not want to prosecute. It is probable that his murderers were only his half-brothers.

[612] The MSS. have Maharaja Gaj Singh, and they also have the names Mansur Khan, Sar-buland Ray and Lashkar K.

[613] "Two" in MSS.

[614] Jahangir's mother.

[615] MS. 181 has Baba Khan.

[616] MS. 181 has Kuhnar or Kunhar, and it seems that it is a name, and not merely "younger brother." The Iqbal-nama, 205, has Kunhar Das.

[617] Karij in text. See Jarrett, II. 253. But perhaps it should be Kaira.

[618] It is Sha`ban in Nos. 181 and 305. The famous garden of Ahmadabad is the Shahi, for which see the Bombay Gazetteer, vol. for Ahmadabad, p. 283. But besides being Sha`ban in the MSS. it is also Sha`ban in the Iqbal-nama, 207. The Shahi garden lies to the north of Ahmadabad, and Safi was at the south or south-east of the city. Perhaps the Sha`ban garden was near the Malik Sha`ban lake, which was east of the city, and is referred to in Bombay Gazetteer, p. 18. The Bagh Sha`ban is also referred to in Bayley's Gujarat, 236.

[619] Name very doubtful. MSS. seem to have Pir Lal Koli, or it may be Bir Lal.

[620] The MSS. have "in ten."

[621] Text, Nar Singh Deo. But the MSS. seem to have another name, Silhadi Deo (?). The name Lulu is also doubtful. The MSS. seem to have Bulur. In Elliot, IV. 402, Puran Mal is called Bhaia.

[622] Har kudam ba-tarafi aftadand.

[623] Rieu, Cat., I. 158 b.

[624] Text has Kuh-i-Kul. But the I.O. MSS. show that the true reading is Kul Nuh ban, and it appears from the Ayin, Jarrett, II. 186, that Nuh is a district in Kul--i.e., Aligarh. Gurg is a wolf, and Kurag a rhinoceros, but probably a wolf is here meant. It is not likely that there were rhinoceros in Aligarh, though Abu-l-Fazl says there were rhinoceros in Sambhal (Jarrett, II. 281). Tir means an arrow as well as a bullet. The word mana, "face," is not in text, but occurs in both the I.O. MSS.

[625] Chanda Ghat between Ajmere and Malwa.

[626] Apparently the meaning is that he had no family with Shah Jahan's army, and so could not be deterred from leaving Shah Jahan through fear of their fate. See below, the reference to S. Salabat's arrangements about his family.

[627] This couplet comes from Nizami's Khusrau u Shirin, and is quoted by Babur.

[628] See Ja`far Sharif's Qanun-i-Islam. App., p. xxiv.

[629] Dhamin, python (?).

[630] See Blochmann, 60.

[631] Daughter of Nur Jahan.

[632] Blochmann, p. 311, calls her Arzani Begam. The Iqbal-nama (306) calls her Lardili Begam. A MS. of the Iqbal-nama in my possession calls her Wali Begam. She was born on September 4, 1623.

[633] The holy man formerly mentioned.

[634] He had been captured in Gujarat when Safi K. defeated `Abdu-llah.

[635] The author of the dictionary.

[636] See Ma'asiru-l-Umara, III. 382. His wife was the sister of Ahmad Beg, the brother's son of Ibrahim K. Fath-jang. But if so would she not be the daughter of Sharif and niece of Nur Jahan? See Blochmann, 512.

[637] I.O. MS., 381, and the Iqbal-nama mention the wife.

[638] Mahram sakht, "made him one who could enter the Harem."

[639] The text wrongly has ba-chand instead of ba-jambid.

[640] Daughters of the Bier--i.e., the constellation of the Plough.

[641] Shash-dar is the name of an impasse in the game of nard.

[642] The Muhammad Beg of Roe?

[643] Jarrett, II. 239.

[644] 1 Safar, 1033 = November 14, 1623.

[645] Jerdon states that the black partridge is called ghaghar about Benares.

[646] Probably Rahimabad in the Bari Du-ab. Jarrett, II. 332.

[647] Dara` or zara`, yards? The text gives his weight as 20 1/2, but bist must be a mistake for hasht.

[648] He was a eunuch, and originally had the name of I`tibar K. He received the title of Mumtaz K. in this year. Tuzuk, 359. See Blochmann, 433.

[649] Az qadiman u babariyan (properly bairiyan).

[650] Ganwaran u muzari`an.

[651] Text ba shukr u shukuh, but the Iqbal-nama, 213, has ba-shakwa, "with complaints," and this must be correct. `Abdu-llah indulged in abuse of his lord and master, khuda u khudawand-i-khwish--i.e., Jahangir.

[652] Cf. Iqbal-nama, 213-214.

[653] A proverbial expression. It is quoted by Nizamu-d-din in the Tabaqat.

[654] `Ali Ray was ruler of Little Tibet (Baltistan). Jahangir had married his daughter. Blochmann, 310, and Akbar-nama, III. 603. The marriage took place in A.H. 1000 (1592).

[655] That is, Lashkari.

[656] Hadi was Harunu-r-Rashid's elder brother.

[657] Text mulka. Perhaps the word may be malka-i-an, "possession of it"--i.e., possession of such knowledge. The MSS. have an after malka.

[658] Text hanaq. But the MSS. have merely haqq, and it is said in the dictionaries that there is a bird called the haqq.

[659] This corrects a previous statement to the effect that the black and red bustards were two species.

[660] The MSS. have either barin or parin. I cannot find the name in the dictionaries, but my friend Sir K. C. Gupta suggests that the word may be bans (Labeo calbasa). This fish is also a carp, and resembles the rohu (L. rohita), but is smaller. It may also be the catla.

[661] Ba-rism-i-hajabat.

[662] Dewalgaon is about 60 miles S. of Burhanpur, Elliot, VII. 11.

[663] Or, perhaps, they might be sure he was coming shortly.

[664] Lal Bagh was on the outskirts of Burhanpur. Though the rainy season is spoken of, the date Farwardin is in March.

[665] Perhaps the meaning is that Mahabat had imprisoned `Arif, the son of the Zahid whom Jahangir had condemned to death, for in the 18th year Jahangir speaks of Zahid as a rebel. But the sentence is not clear.

[666] Elliot, VI. 390. It seems probable that this is the place mentioned in the Ma'asiru-l-umara, I. 410, in the biography of Baqir K. Najm Sani, and also in the Padishah-nama, I. 333. It is called there "the Pass of Chhatar Diwar," and is described as the boundary between Orissa and Telingana, and is two koss from Khairapara. One Mansur, a servant of Qutbu-l-mulk, had built a fort there, and called it Mansur-garh.

[667] Bulbuli. I had supposed this to be Pipli, but the latter place is in the Balasore district, and nearer Bengal than Cuttack. Curiously enough Pipli or Pippli is not given in the I.G. new ed., though it is given as Pippli in the old. There is also a Pipli in the Puri district (I.G., new ed., XX. 404). In the Ma'asiru-l-umara, I. 137 and 194, in the biographies of Ibrahim Fath K. and Ahmad Beg, the place is taken to be Pipli. It is also Pipli in the Iqbal-nama, 217, where also Cuttack is described as being 12 koss off, towards Bengal. The maps show a Pipalgaon between Puri and Cuttack, and about 30 m. from the latter place. A Pipli in the Puri district is mentioned in the I.G., new ed.

[668] Text isti`dad, but the true reading is istib`ad. Istib`ad namuda, "regarded the thing as at a distance," or "was surprised." The I.O. MSS. end here, their last words being "Till at length there came a conciliatory letter from La`natu-llah (`Abdu-llah)." The R.A.S. MS. continues with Muhammad Hadi's supplement.