Chapter XXVII: Appendix: E (1)

FIRST LORD’S MINUTES

_Formation of the Royal Naval Division_

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Second Sea Lord.

In order to make the best possible use of the surplus naval reservists
of different classes, it is proposed to constitute permanent cadres of
one marine and two naval brigades. The marine brigade has already been
partially formed in four battalions, aggregating 1,880 active service
men. To this will be added an approximately equal number of
reservists, making the total strength of the brigade 3,900, organised
in four battalions of four double companies of approximately 250 men.
The two naval brigades will also consist of four battalions, each, if
possible, of 880 men, organised in sixteen double companies of 220.
The composition of each battalion should be as follows:—

R.N.V.R. 375
R.F.R. (picked, under 30 years of age) 313
R.N.R. 190

The total numbers required for the two naval brigades would therefore
be:—

R.N.V.R. 3,000
R.F.R. 2,500
R.N.R. 1,500

The marine brigade will be commanded by a Colonel, and each battalion
by a Lieutenant-Colonel; each company by a Major and a Captain. The
means of remedying the shortage of junior officers will be dealt with
separately. About fifty new subalterns, R.M., must be entered either
permanently or on a three years’ or till the war stops engagement.

Each naval brigade will be commanded by a Captain, R.N.; five of the
battalions by a Commander or naval officer promoted to that rank, and
three by R.N.V.R. Commanders; each company will be commanded by a
Lieutenant-Commander, R.N. or R.N.V.R., or, if these are not
forthcoming, by a Major, R.M. The question of making good deficiencies
in these and in the marine brigade will be dealt with separately.
There are, however, available 50 R.N.V.R. Lieutenants, 66
Sub-Lieutenants, and 12 Midshipmen; total, 128. About 50 more officers
would be required.

The use of these brigades need not be considered until the
organisation has advanced sufficiently to allow of their military
value to be judged.

The formation of these brigades should be completed so far as
resources allow in the present week. The officers commanding the
companies and battalions must be appointed forthwith. The first
essential is to get the men drilling together in brigades; and the
deficiencies of various ranks in the battalions can be filled up
later. It may ultimately be found possible in the course of the war to
build up all battalions of the marine and naval brigades to the army
strength of 1,070, and the organisation will readily adapt itself to
this. All the men, whether sailors or marines, while training in the
three brigades will be available if required for service afloat, and
it must be distinctly understood that this is the paramount claim upon
them; but in the meanwhile they will be left to be organised for land
service.

W. S. C.

_August 16, 1914._

ACTION OF AUGUST 28

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Third Sea Lord.
Director of Naval Ordnance.

1. Let me have an estimate of how long it will take to refit for
service in every particular the vessels damaged in the recent action.
Careful attention should be paid to the wishes and suggestions of the
officers who fought them, in order that everything possible can be
done to increase their fighting efficiency.

2. The failure of the 4–inch guns in the _Arethusa_ is most serious,
and must be thoroughly investigated. I am informed that it arose both
from the breaking of the ejector catches, of which there were no
spares, and secondly from the coating of the cartridge cases, which
gradually fouled the gun. At one critical moment only one 4–inch gun
could fire, and but for her 6–inch guns the Arethusa would have been
destroyed. I wish to receive a statement showing that an effective
remedy has been provided.

3. Every effort should be made while the ships are refitting to give
the officers and men a few days’ leave. The nervous strain of a modern
action is considerable, and a change of scene is required to restore
poise and resiliency.

W. S. C.

_August 30, 1914._

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Chief of Staff.

(1) Selections might be made from all the reports of this action,
beginning with some of the submarine reconnaissance reports which the
Prime Minister has repeatedly urged me to publish. All interesting
matter which can be made public without detriment to the future should
be collected, circulated to the Fleet, and published in the
newspapers.

(2) The criticism in the Commander-in-Chief’s report and various
references to discrepancies in the arrangements which occur in
Commodore S’s and other statements must all be kept absolutely secret.
Mistakes are always made in war, but there is no need to weaken
confidence by dwelling on them after success has been obtained. The
Senior Officers concerned in the manœuvre should, however, all have
the opportunity of studying the full reports in order that every
effort may be made to improve arrangements in the future. Beyond this
profoundly secret circle no whisper must go.

(3) I am awaiting your recommendations for honours, promotions, and
rewards to be accorded to the officers and men who distinguished
themselves in this fortunate and skilful enterprise.

W. S. C.

_September 6, 1914._

SEPARATION ALLOWANCES FOR THE NAVY

Financial Secretary.

I have to-day obtained the assent of the Cabinet in principle to the
granting of a separation allowance to the whole Navy at once. The
scale should be the full Army scale less any deductions which should
be made on account of higher pay and allowances the sailor may receive
as compared with the soldier. These details are to be settled between
the Admiralty and the Treasury. I regard the matter as one of prime
importance and urgency.

It is, of course, understood that the present decision only authorises
the payment of a separation allowance during the period of active
service, and that the question of what is to happen in time of peace
is not prejudiced.

I wish you to take up this question in conjunction with the
Accountant-General and the Naval Branch and make me your proposals in
the course of to-morrow. It will be a great fillip to our sailors when
this great boon to them is announced to the Fleet, as I hope it may
be, in the next few days. Pray press it forward by every means in your
power, acting with the Treasury and calling me in where there is a
hitch or difficulty.

W. S. C.

_September 4, 1914._

Financial Secretary.

The Cabinet decided that evidence of allotment regularly made should
decide whether the Separation Allowance should be paid or not, and
that legal marriage is not indispensable. Where it is clear that the
woman has been dependent on the man, and the man has recognised this
tie by a regular allotment, the legality of the marriage will be
assumed.

W. S. C.

_September 19, 1914._

ENEMY RESERVISTS

Secretary.

Please inquire who was responsible for allowing a merchant ship from
Buenos Ayres with 400 German reservists on board, to pass Gibraltar
and to convey them to Italian ports, whence they left to join their
units. How was it that these men were not arrested and made prisoners
of war when passing the Straits?

W. S. C.

_September 5, 1914._

LIFE-BELTS

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Fourth Sea Lord.
Chief of Staff.

The sinking of the _Pathfinder_ shows how important it is that there
should be more life-belts or life-buoys available on our ships. Many
lives would have been saved in this case if such steps had been taken.
I don’t like the German system of going into action with life-belts
on, but there certainly ought to be in the boats and on the deck of
British ships something like 100 life-belts or life-buoys which could
be seized and would float overboard if the vessel foundered.

Pray let me have a proposal.

W. S. C.

_September 10, 1914._

SUBMARINE HONOURS

Secretary.
Naval Secretary.
First Sea Lord.

Since it is difficult to choose which man in a submarine has done
specially well, it is necessary that the decoration should be given to
the boat, and that the men should ballot among themselves to decide
who is to have it.

W. S. C.

_September 17, 1914._

BLOCKADE

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
A.C.L.
C.O.S. and others.

A standing Admiralty Committee will be formed under the presidency of
the Additional Civil Lord, to be called ‘The Restriction of Enemies’
Supplies Committee,’ composed as follows:—

One representative of the Trade Division of the War Staff.

One representative of the Foreign Office.

One representative of the Board of Trade.

Mr. Alan Burgoyne, M.P.

Mr. C. Money, M.P.

The duties of this Committee will be to examine and watch continually
all means or routes by which supplies of food or raw material may
reach Germany and Austria; to report weekly all importations or
exportations to and from these countries coming to their knowledge;
and to recommend by what methods, financial, commercial, diplomatic,
and military, they may be hampered, restricted, and, if possible,
stopped. Measures should, in the first instance, be recommended to
secure full and accurate information from day to day of all vessels
unloading cargoes which may ultimately reach Germany or Austria at
neutral ports, and the port of Rotterdam especially, as well as the
possibility of supplies coming through a northern part of Sweden or
from Sweden itself across the Baltic, or through Norway and Denmark.
Holland must be the subject of the closest study, it being clearly
impossible for the British Government to allow the neutral port of
Rotterdam to serve as a base of supplies to the enemy. Trustworthy
agents in Holland must be obtained or dispatched thither for this
purpose. Any possible importation overland through Italy or up the
Adriatic must be included in the survey.

Funds will be forthcoming for any special action required.

The Committee should hold its first meeting on Friday, the 14th, using
a committee room at the Admiralty.

A.C.L. to nominate his own Secretary, and make all further
arrangements to carry this minute into effect.

W. S. C.

_August 13, 1914._

MUNITIONS

Lord Kitchener.

Captain Hankey, of the Committee of Imperial Defence, has been to me
with what seems rather a good idea. He suggests that Girouard should
be put at the head of an emergency armament multiplication committee
or department, to set on foot and develop the maximum possible output
of guns, rifles, ammunition, etc. I am sure, myself, that more could
be done by the firms than is being done at present. For instance,
after you told me of the pressure you had put upon them and that their
complete limits had been reached, our people went round and obtained
undertakings from the trade to produce 700 rifles a week more,
additional to all that had been ordered by you.

This is only a half-formed idea, and I pass it on to you not as a
recommendation, but simply for what it is worth.

W. S. C.

_September 3, 1914._

UNITED STATES NEUTRALITY

Sir Edward Grey.

Please see attached.

I should be so glad if you could see your way to making a strong stand
against this. Even if we ultimately have to give way, the fact that
they will have overruled our protest will, in the existing balance of
public opinion in the United States, make them desirous of being
helpful, or at any rate not unfriendly, on other points at issue.

Our case is clear. The Germans have announced their intention, have
endeavoured on a large scale, and have partially begun, to arm
merchant ships as commerce destroyers, and they even claim to carry
out this process of arming and equipping in neutral harbours or on the
high seas. We have been forced in consequence of this to arm a number
of our ships in self-defence. In doing this we follow the undoubted
law of the seas as it was practised in all the great wars of the past.
We claim that by international law a merchant ship armed in her own
defence, so long as she takes no aggressive action, is entitled to the
full status of a peaceful trading ship. We ask that our ships so armed
for this purpose shall be accorded that status in the neutral ports of
the world. We are quite willing to agree that German merchant ships
similarly armed in self-defence shall be similarly treated. It is only
when merchant ships are armed and commissioned as auxiliary cruisers,
not for purposes of self-defence, but for those of commerce
destruction, that we claim they should be treated as ships of war. And
here again we ask no better treatment for ourselves than for the
enemy.

We recognise the natural difficulty to a neutral State, anxious to
preserve a strict impartiality, of discerning whether ships carrying
the same armament are intended for offensive or defensive action. We
offer that this question should be decided by a simple and practical
test. If the armed merchant ship is engaged in ordinary commerce,
discharging and taking a regular cargo, and embarking passengers in
the usual way, she should be counted as a trader in spite of her
armament. If, on the other hand, she is not engaged in commerce, is
not doing the ordinary things she would do and has done in times of
peace, but is either carrying special cargoes of coal and stores to
belligerent cruisers on the high seas, or is travelling in ballast, or
is not trafficking in her cargo in the natural way, then we say she
should be treated as a ship of war, even if the Government of the
State whose flag she flies declares that she is only armed and will
only fight in self-defence. We must therefore hold a neutral
Government impeccable if she allows a German armed merchantman, which
takes a regular cargo in the ordinary way, to arm in her ports or
leave them for the high seas, even if subsequently that vessel engages
not merely in self-defence, but in actual aggressive attack. Neutrals
who deal with ships according to the ‘Cargo Test’ must be held
blameless by us whatever the subsequent careers of the vessels may be.
The issues which remain open after these ships have put to sea can
only be decided between the belligerents.

The second point that I hope you will be able to fight is: no
transference after the declaration of war of enemy’s ships to a
neutral flag, as agreed upon in the Declaration of London. We cannot
recognise such transferences, which are plainly, in the nature of
things, designed to enable the transferred ship to obtain under the
neutral flag an immunity from the conditions created by the war.

I would earnestly ask that both these points should be pressed now in
the most direct and formal manner on Powers concerned, and
particularly upon the United States, and that very great pressure
should be exerted.

In this connection it may be pointed out that the United States have
already allowed one or more ships, including the _Kronprinz Wilhelm_,
to leave their ports armed, denuded of cargo, and cleared for action,
and that to stop British ships of a self-defensive character is
showing a partiality to one of the belligerents incompatible with fair
and loyal neutrality. If to this is to be added the attempt which Mr.
Bryan has made, by his personal intervention, to take over the
Hamburg-American liners from Germany and run them under the American
flag, it seems to me clear that a situation has arisen which, in the
ultimate issues, ought, in some form or other, to be brought publicly
before the people of the United States. I am under no illusions as to
their attitude, but the forces at work there in the present
circumstances are such as to make it impossible for any Government to
load the dice against England, or go openly one inch beyond an even
neutrality.

I venture to suggest to you that this position ought to be fought up
to the point of full publicity, and by every means and influence at
our disposal, before we are forced to consider the various inferior
alternatives which no doubt exist.

W. S. C.

_August 19, 1914._

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Admiral Slade.
Chief of Staff.
Captain Webb.

The Cabinet decided this morning that we must abandon, under protest
and as an exception, the running of defensively-armed merchantmen to
American ports. We do this on the assumption that we in no way waive
the principle, but in consideration of the fact that the United States
are preventing a large number of German ships suitable for armament
from fitting out. We must also stipulate that the guns, having been
landed from these ships, shall be returned without their mountings in
some other non-military vessel on which and from which they clearly
cannot be used during the voyage.

Pray draft a note to the Foreign Office accordingly.

W. S. C.

_September 3, 1914._

THE BRITISH PATROL OFF NEW YORK

Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Chief of Staff.
Admiral Slade.

I have felt uncomfortable about this for some time. Although it is
strictly legal, it must be very galling to the Americans to see their
capital port picketed in this way. Instructions should be given that
the patrolling cruisers should usually keep 8 or 10 miles away, or
even farther if possible, and should only close in occasionally when
there is some special need. They should, above all, be careful never
to infringe the 3–mile limit, and should discharge their duties with
tact, remembering how greatly British interests are concerned in the
maintenance of good relations with the United States. On the other
hand, the closest watch should be kept on shore upon the
Hamburg-American liners, and our cruisers should be given the earliest
warning if these are seen to be getting up steam. It ought to be quite
easy to give our cruisers full warning of any movement. The prevention
of these Hamburg-American liners leaving armed and fuelled is
practically the whole duty of our vessels off New York; and as long as
they are in a position to discharge this they need not be too
obtrusive in their other duties.

W. S. C.

_October 26, 1914._

ANTI-SUBMARINE MEASURES

_Dover._

First Sea Lord and others.

It is intolerable that we should be told that Dover is not safe
against submarine attack. It is the only military harbour we have
except Portland. We must be able to keep ships there safely. Measures
are being taken to close one of the entrances by sinking two ships.
This is urgent and vital, and should be pressed forward from hour to
hour without a moment’s pause. The other entrance should have an
anti-submarine net and gate arranged. If the boom defence has carried
away it must be repaired and replaced by night-and-day exertions.
Meanwhile the long barges fitted with nets which have been prepared at
Dunkirk should be brought over as soon as the weather allows, and used
either to block the entrance or to give net-protection to ships lying
inside.

W. S. C.

_November 1, 1914._

HIGH-EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTION

A.C.L.

You must act in this matter and refer to me only when special need
arises. The points to be held in view are clear and simple:—

1. We must have effective Government control of all the explosive
works, so as to attain the maximum output, and ensure our not being
hampered by German influences, which are powerful and subtle in the
Explosive Trust.

2. Naval interests must be properly safeguarded, and this can only be
either by the Navy taking Nobels and the other two companies, or by an
absolutely equal representation and control as between the two
Departments over the whole of the explosive factories combined. We
cannot be placed in the position of being overborne by the military
authorities, and having our necessary demands set aside.

3. It is, however, our duty to do everything in our power to aid in
the expansion of the Army and the production of war material for the
conduct of the campaign, and at a certain point only State policy can
decide whether naval or military interests are to claim priority.

4. We must make a good bargain for the country; and if these people
are financed by Government money to set up great new works and broaden
the scale of their business, good arrangements should be made to
transfer these works to the Government at the end of the war.

W. S. C.

_November 9, 1914._

THE DUMMY FLEET

(_Most Secret._)
Secretary.
First Sea Lord.
Third Sea Lord.
Director of Naval Construction.
Naval Secretary.

It is necessary to construct without delay a dummy fleet: 10 merchant
vessels, either German prizes or British ships, should be selected at
once. They should be distributed among various private yards not
specially burdened with warship building at the present time. They are
then to be mocked up to represent particular battleships of the 1st
and 2nd Battle Squadrons. The actual size need not correspond exactly,
as it is notoriously difficult to judge the size of vessels at sea,
and frequently even destroyers are mistaken for cruisers. We are
bearing in mind particularly aerial and periscope observations, where
deception is much more easy. It is not necessary that the structures
should be strong enough to stand rough weather. Very little metal
would be required, and practically the whole work should be executed
in wood or canvas. The ships would move under their own power under
favourable conditions of weather from one base to another, and even
when the enemy knows that we have such a fleet its presence will tend
to mystify and confuse his plans and baffle and distract the
enterprise of his submarines. He will always be in doubt as to which
is the real and which is the dummy fleet. An attack upon the dummy
fleet can be made not less dangerous than an attack upon the real
fleet by the proper use of our own submarines and destroyers with
towing charges, and possibly by traps of nets and mines.

The matter is urgent. Three years ago I formed this idea, and deeply
regret that I have been so long deterred from putting it into
execution. The Third Sea Lord, Fourth Sea Lord, and Naval Secretary
will meet to-day under the Third Sea Lord, and formulate detailed
proposals for immediate action. The utmost secrecy must be observed,
and special measures taken to banish all foreigners from the districts
where the mocking-up is being done. I should hope to receive the list
of ships which are selected for conversion to-morrow morning, and the
list of firms among whom the work will be parcelled out during the
course of that day. Estimates of cost and time should also be made,
but paint, canvas, and woodwork can be quickly done, and I should
expect in a fortnight, or at the outside in three weeks, that 10
vessels will be actually at our tactical disposal.

W. S. C.

_October 21, 1914._

THE COASTAL PATROL

Secret.
First Sea Lord.

If the system of working the patrol flotillas explained in the
enclosed memorandum, has actually been enforced, it is in complete
violation not only of the obvious principles of war, but of all the
orders and directions issued on this subject during the last three
years. The word ‘distribution’ applied to armed force implies the most
vicious ideas. To proceed by dividing the front to be watched by the
number of destroyers available for watching and working out the number
of miles to the destroyers is the negation of good sense and military
principle.

Ever since the Manœuvres of 1912 I have repeatedly explained the
principles which should govern the working of the patrol flotillas
(_see_ attached papers), and these have been expounded to the C.I.D.
and issued to the War Staff with the full concurrence of the First Sea
Lord and the C.O.S. If there has been a departure from these
principles and an adoption of the barbarous method of ‘distributing’
the destroyers along the whole coast in a single row like toy soldiers
on the kitchen table, this shows a total lack of comprehension.

It must again be repeated:—

1. That the coast, with its cyclists, signal stations, and watchers,
is the line of observation, and the only line of observation, which
can certainly report the arrival of an enemy;

2. That the patrol flotillas, both of submarines and destroyers,
instead of being frittered away on useless cordon and patrolling
duties, should be kept concentrated and ready for action at selected
sally-ports along the coast, ready to proceed in force to any point
where shore information shows that an enemy is attempting to land;

3. That there is to be nothing like routine or sentry-go patrolling,
except at the mouths of harbours, and that from time to time
occasional good bold reconnaissances 60, 70, and 80 miles out to
seaward should be pushed from each sallyport by the whole of the boats
available, varied occasionally by the prying scouting of a single
destroyer;

4. That the prevention of mine-laying can only be done by trawlers,
who must summon help from the nearest patrol centre if necessary.

It must be recognised that nothing in our dispositions prevents an
enemy from approaching the British coasts with transports, and
beginning a landing there, but that if the flotillas are properly
handled he should be attacked within a few hours by submarines and
destroyers, and that the numbers and strength of the forces against
him should continually increase until long before any considerable
force can be landed the enemy’s transports and escort would be
overwhelmed, and those who are landed hopelessly cut off. The only
alternative to this policy of letting the enemy begin to land and then
attacking him while his landing is in progress is the close blockade
of the Heligoland Bight. There is much to be said for and against both
courses, but the intermediate course of ‘distributing’ a weak and thin
cordon of patrols at a short distance from the coast in the hopes of
putting up some defensive shield or screen is utterly futile.

The policy at present approved is to concentrate the flotillas at
fixed points and keep them strong and fresh and fit for action, while
relying upon the coast watch to give early and accurate information of
any attack by the enemy. If this policy be adhered to strictly and
simply it will not be found impossible to spare the 12 destroyers
which the Commander-in-Chief needs. It is, however, to be considered
whether they could not better be taken from the two 1st Fleet
Flotillas at Harwich.

W. S. C.

_November 7, 1914._

THE RIFLE SHORTAGE

The following course is to be adopted:—

1. As soon as the War Office are ready to hand over the 50,000
Japanese rifles, the whole of the rifles, long and short, whether used
by sailors or marines, on board H.M. ships at home and abroad, will be
collected and brought on shore to the Royal Naval Ordnance Depots. The
Japanese rifles will be issued to all ships in their place; there will
be no rifles of any sort on board H.M. ships other than Japanese.

2. From the British rifles surrendered by the Fleet, 15,000 short .303
charger loading rifles will be set aside for the Royal Naval Division,
i.e. one rifle for each of 12,000 men, plus 25 per cent for reserve
and training. All the rifles now possessed by the Royal Naval Division
will then be surrendered to the Ordnance Depots in exchange for the
15,000 short .303 British rifles aforesaid. Therefore the Royal Naval
Division will have 15,000 short British .303, and no more.

3. There will then be handed over to the Army 57,800 rifles, of which
9,000 will be short charger loading.

4. The 50,000 Japanese rifles will be issued to the Fleet in the
following proportion:—

One rifle for each marine, and one rifle for every 5 sailors, ships on
foreign service receiving one rifle for every 3 sailors. The rest of
the rifles will be issued as required to trawlers and auxiliaries, and
kept in the Royal Marine and Royal Naval Ordnance Depots.

The Fleet will thus be completely re-armed with the 50,000 Japanese
rifles, and the Royal Naval Division with .303 short rifles ready for
field service.

Let me now have calculations worked out on this basis; and draft a
letter accordingly to the War Office.

W. S. C.

_November 25, 1914._

INDEX

_Aboukir_, 351, 354
Cruiser. Launched 1900. Displacement 12,000 tons. Speed 21½ knots.
Two 9·2″, twelve 6″ guns.

Abrolhos, coaling base, 444

_Acasta_ class, 142

_Acheron_ class, 142

_Active_, 144
Light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 3,440 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Ten 4″ guns.

Admiralty, Board of, 256–61

Admiralty Transport Department, 397–98

Aerenthal, Count, 30

Aerial attack and defence, 220–21, 340–44

Aeroplanes, 336–44

Agadir Crisis, 38–67

_Agamemnon_, 225
Battleship. Launched 1906. Displacement 16,500 tons. Speed 18½ knots.
Four 12″, ten 9·2″ guns.

Airships, 338

Albert, King, 380, 403

_Albion_, 310, 447, 467, 484
Battleship. Launched 1898. Displacement 12,950 tons. Speed 18 knots.
Four 12″, twelve 6″ guns.

Algeciras Conference, 25–28

_Algerine_, 315
Canadian sloop. Launched 1895. Displacement 1,050 tons. Speed 13
knots. Six 4″ guns.

Allen, Captain, 476

Alsace-Lorraine, 7, 50–1

Americans and the War, 293

_Amphion_, 264
Light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 3,440 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Ten 4″ guns.

Anglo-French Agreement of 1904, 15, 25, 41

Anglo-French military conversations authorized by Sir Henry
Campbell-Bannerman, 27, 29

Anglo-Persian Oil Convention, 137, 139, 181

Antwerp, 348, 355–90, 398–9, 408, 411–12

_Arethusa_, 148, 332
Light cruiser. Launched 1913. Displacement 3,500 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, six 4″ guns.

_Ariadne_, 332
German light cruiser. Launched 1900. Displacement 2,618 tons. Speed
22 knots. Ten 4·1″ guns.

Armoured cars, 344–5

Army mobilized, 234, 247–80

_Asama_, 465, 468–69
Japanese cruiser. Launched 1898. Displacement 9,885 tons. Speed 22
knots. Four 8″, fourteen 6″ guns.

_Askold_, 315–16, 323, 468, 544
Russian light cruiser. Launched 1900. Displacement 5,905 tons. Speed
23 knots. Twelve 6″ guns.

Asquith, H. H., 24, 28–9, 66, 99

—— invites Mr. Churchill to Admiralty, 66

Aston, General, 335, 347, 377

_Astræa_, 467
Light cruiser. Launched 1893. Displacement 4,360 tons. Speed 19¾
knots. Two 6″, eight 4·7″ guns.

_Attentive_, 388, 403
Scout. Launched 1904. Displacement 2,670 tons. Speed 25 knots. Nine
4″ guns.

_Audacious_, 408, 429–31, 437, 498
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1912. Displacement 23,000 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 13·5″, sixteen 4″ guns.

_Australia_, 262, 314–6, 321–24, 465, 467–8
Australian battle cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 18,800 tons.
Speed 25 knots. Eight 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

Australian Navy: First fight, 471–2

Austria, 29–31, 275

—— ultimatum to Serbia, 204

Bacon, Admiral, 74–5, 345

Balfour, Earl, 15, 21–4, 158, 197, 232

Balkan States, 18, 522–51

Ballin, 96, 99, 189, 207–8

—— letter to Sir E. Cassel, 112

_Barham_, 140–1
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1914. Displacement 27,500 tons.
Speed 25 knots. Eight 15″, twelve 6″ guns.

Bartolomé, _see_ De Bartolomé, Commodore

Bayly, Admiral Lewis, 160

Beaconsfield, 4

Beatty, Earl, 87–8, 160, 331–2, 422, 438, 483, 509–10, 514–9

—— and submarine alarm, 422–4

Belgium: Neutrality, 234

_Bellerophon_, 223
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1907. Displacement 18,600 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

_Benbow_, 465
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1913. Displacement 25,000 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 13·5″, twelve 6″ guns.

Beresford, Lord Charles, 71–2, 73–5

Bertie, Sir Francis, 369

_Berwick_, 467
Cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

Bethlehem Steel Company, 498

Bethmann-Hollweg, 37, 96–7, 103

Birkenhead, Lord, 229

_Birmingham_, 518
Light cruiser. Launched 1912. Displacement 5,440 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Nine 6″ guns.

Bismarck, Prince, 7, 207

Black, Sir Frederick, 138

_Black Prince_, 269, 312, 467, 484, 542
Cruiser. Launched 1904. Displacement 13,550 tons. Speed 23½ knots.
Six 9·2″, ten 6″ guns.

Blake, Wm., 440

_Blanche_, 428
Light cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 3,350 tons. Speed 25
knots. Ten 4″ guns.

‘Blimps,’ 338

_Blonde_, 143–5, 147
Light cruiser. Launched 1910. Displacement 3,350 tons. Speed 25
knots. Ten 4″ guns.

Board of Admiralty, 256–61

Boer War, 12

Borden, Sir Robert, 183, 187

Bosnia, 30–1

Botha, General, 306, 464, 544

Boué de Lapeyrère, Admiral, 237

Bowles, Thomas Gibson, 353

_Breslau_, 526–7, 529, 536, 539, 544
German light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 4,500 tons. Speed
27 knots. Twelve 4·1″ guns.

Bridgeman, Sir Francis, 82–3, 89, 120, 133

Bridges, Colonel, 386, 400, 404–5, 411

Briggs, Admiral, 83, 144

_Brilliant_, 407
Light cruiser. Launched 1891. Displacement 3,600 tons. Speed 19½
knots. Two 6″, six 4·7″ guns.

_Bristol_, 448, 451, 467, 475, 478
Light cruiser. Launched 1910. Displacement 4,800 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Two 6″, ten 4″ guns.

British Expeditionary Force, 250, 276–80

British Navy: Assembly at Portland, 1912, 121–4;
German submarine alarm, 413–41;
in 1914–15, 501;
leaves for Scapa Flow, 224–27;
mobilised, July, 1914, 201;
mobilised, July 31–August 4, 228–46;
visits Kronstadt and Kiel, 198–202;
_see_ under names of ships, and _passim_.

British ultimatum to Germany, 235–46

Broqueville, M. de, 372–3, 377–8

Budget of 1909, 20

Bulkeley-Johnson, Colonel, 303

Buller, Captain, 308

Bülow, General von, 358

Bülow, Prince, 25

Burmah Oil Companies, 139, 323

Burney, Admiral, 480

Burns, John, 24

_Bustard_, 404
Gunboat. Launched 1871. Displacement 254 tons. One 6″, one 4·7″ gun.

Buxton, Noel, 530

Byng, General, 377

_Cadmus_, 316, 543
Sloop. Launched 1903. Displacement 1,070 tons. Speed 13 knots. Six 4″
guns.

Caillaux, M., 65

Calais, 346

Callaghan, Sir George, 83, 225, 231–2

_Calliope_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1914. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, eight 4″ guns.

Callwell, General, 532

Cambon, M., 231–2

_Cambria_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1915. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Five 6″ guns.

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, 24–9

—— authorises Anglo-French military conversations, 27–9

—— supports France at Algeciras, 27

Canadian Army, 327–9

_Canopus_, 310, 444–56, 458, 462–3, 466, 470–1, 473, 475
Battleship. Launched 1897. Displacement 12,950 tons. Speed 18¼ knots.
Four 12″, twelve 6″ guns.

_Canterbury_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1915. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Five 6″ guns.

_Cap Trafalgar_, 308
German armed merchant cruiser.

Capper, General, 377

Caprivi, Count, 9

Carden, Admiral, 535, 540–1

_Carmania_, 308
Armed merchant cruiser.

_Carnarvon_, 447–8, 451, 465, 467–9, 473, 475, 478, 493.
Cruiser. Launched 1903. Displacement 10,850 tons. Speed 22¼ knots.
Four 7·5″, six 6″ guns.

Carson, Lord, 197–8, 229

_Carysfort_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1914. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, eight 4″ guns.

Cassel, Sir Ernest, 96, 99–100, 112–3, 189

Castelnau, General de, 356, 358

_Castor_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1915. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Five 6″ guns.

Cawdor, Lord, 74

Chamberlain, Joseph, 12, 22

_Champion_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1914. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, eight 4″ guns.

Channel Ports, 395–412

Charles, Archduke, 198

_Chatham_, 312
Light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 5,400 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Eight 6″ guns.

_Chikuma_, 316–7, 321, 323, 466
Japanese light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 4,950 tons. Speed
26 knots. Eight 6″ guns.

Chinese Labour cry, 20, 25

Churchill, Lord Randolph, 187

Churchill, Winston Spencer, Agadir crisis, 1911;
letter to Sir E. Grey, 63–4;
air defence of Great Britain, 348;
at Antwerp, 372–90;
attacks on, 431–2;
attends Committee of Imperial Defence, 53–8;
authorises examination of letters of spies, 49;
_Aboukir_, _Hogue_ and _Cressy_, 352–4;
goes to Admiralty, 64;
Herr Ballin and Mr. Churchill, 207–8;
letters to Sir E. Grey, _passim_;
letter to Sir E. Cassel on German Navy Law, 113;
letter to Lord Fisher on liquid fuel problem, 137–8;
letter to Sir E. Carson on Irish affairs, 196–7;
letter to Prince Louis on his resigning office, 435–6;
letters to Sir John French, 408, and _passim_;
‘Military Aspects of the Continental Problem,’ 1911, 58–62;
naval cordite, 48;
President of Board of Trade, 29;
proposes Naval War Staff, 81–4;
sends ‘warning telegrams’ to Commanders-in-Chief, 218–20;
signs order ... Battle of Falklands, 473;
sends for Lord Fisher, 75;
speech at Belfast, 101;
speech at Glasgow, 101–3;
studies military position in Europe, 49–50;
talk with Count Metternich, 50–1;
Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, 29;
and _passim_.

_Cleopatra_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1914. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, eight 4″ guns.

_Clio_, 316, 543
Sloop. Launched 1903. Displacement 1,070 tons. Speed 13 knots. Six 4″
guns.

Colville, Admiral, 426

‘Commence hostilities against Germany,’ 245

_Condé_, 467
French cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 9,856 tons. Speed 21
knots. Two 7·6″, eight 6·4″, six 3·9″ guns.

_Conquest_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1914. Displacement 3,750 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, eight 4″ guns.

Constantine, King, 529, 538

Convoy system, 310–13, 317, 322–9

Corbett, Sir Julian, 93 (note)

Cordite, 48

_Cormoran_, German armed merchant cruiser, 316

_Cornwall_, 448, 451, 465, 467–9, 473, 475, 477–8
Cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

Coronel and the Falklands, 442–77

_Courageous_, 500
Cruiser. Launched 1916. Displacement 18,600 tons. Speed 32 knots.
Four 15″, eighteen 4″ guns.

Cradock, Admiral, 444–66, 492

_Cressy_, 351–3
Cruiser. Launched 1899. Displacement 12,000 tons. Speed 21½ knots.
Two 9·2″, twelve 6″ guns.

Crewe, Lord, 185, 231

Cromarty, 162

_Cumberland_, 467
Cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

Cunliffe, Lord, 139

Custance, Sir Reginald, 160

Cuxhaven: attack by seaplanes, 489

_Daily Chronicle_, 187

Dallas, Colonel, 363–4, 368, 371–2, 374

‘Danger Year,’ 32

_Dartmouth_, 312–3, 465, 467–8
Light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 5,250 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Eight 6″ guns.

Dawnay, Hugh, 303

De Bartolomé, Captain, 82, 439, 466, 484

De Robeck, Admiral, 467

_Defence_, 269, 313, 444, 446–7, 451–6, 462–70, 473, 439, 492
Cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 14,600 tons. Speed 22½ knots.
Four 9·2″, ten 7·5″ guns.

Deguise, General, 372, 384–5

Delcassé, 16, 26, 44

_Derfflinger_, 141
German battle cruiser. Launched 1913. Displacement 28,000 tons. Speed
27 knots. Eight 12″, twelve 5·9″ guns.

Devlin, Mr., 191

Devonshire, Duke of, 22

Dillon, John, 191

Disraeli, 12

Djavid Bey, 523–4

_Donegal_, 467
Cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

Donnesmarck, Count, 26

_Doris_, 543
Light cruiser. Launched 1896. Displacement 5,600 tons. Speed 19½
knots. Eleven 6″ guns.

Douglas, Sir Charles, 531

Dreadnought Battle Fleet, 482, 486

_Dresden_, 307, 444–6, 448, 456, 463, 477–8, 493, 548
German light cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 3,544 tons. Speed
24 knots. Twelve 4·1″ guns.

Dryden, John, 236 (_note_)

Dual Alliance, 9, 12

Dubail, General, 356, 358

_Dublin_, 268–72, 275
Light cruiser. Launched 1912. Displacement 5,400 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Eight 6″ guns.

_Duke of Edinburgh_, 269, 542
Cruiser. Launched 1904. Displacement 13,550 tons. Speed 23 knots. Six
9·2″, ten 6″ guns.

Dumble, Colonel, 398

Dunkirk, 345–8

_Dupleix_, 314
French cruiser. Launched 1900. Displacement 7,578 tons. Speed 21
knots. Eight 6·4″, four 3·9″ guns.

Dupont, General, 336

Dutch neutrality, 361–2

_Eber_, 307
German gunboat. Launched 1903. Displacement 977 tons. Speed 13 knots.
Eight 3·4″ guns.

_Edgar Quinets_, 484
French cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 13,780 tons. Speed 23
knots. Fourteen 7·6″ guns.

Elgin, Lord, 24

_Emden_, 307–9, 312, 316–7, 319, 322–4, 468, 471–2, 542–3
German light cruiser. Launched 1908. Displacement 3,544 tons. Speed
24 knots. Ten 4·1″ guns.

_Empress of Asia_, 316
Armed merchant cruiser.

_Empress of India_, 465
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1913. Displacement 25,000 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 13·5″, twelve 6″ guns.

_Empress of Japan_, 316
Armed merchant cruiser.

_Empress of Russia_, 316
Armed merchant cruiser.

_Enchantress_, 122
Admiralty yacht.

_Encounter_, 316–7, 320, 466
Australian light cruiser. Launched 1903. Displacement 5,880 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Eleven 6″ guns.

Enver Pasha, 523, 528, 539

Esher, Lord, 388

_Essex_, 448
Cruiser. Launched 1901. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 22½ knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

_Euryalus_, 351
Cruiser. Launched 1901. Displacement 12,000 tons. Speed 21½ knots.
Two 9·2″, twelve 6″ guns.

Ewing, Sir Alfred, 503

_Falcon_, 407
Destroyer. Launched 1899. Displacement 375 tons. Speed 30 knots. One
12–pr., five 6–pr. guns.

Falklands and Coronel, 442–78

Falklands Victory, Fisher’s opinion, 491–3

_Fearless_, 332, 351
Light cruiser. Launched 1912. Displacement 3,440 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Ten 4″ guns.

Ferdinand, 538

_Firedrake_, 219, 508, 512–3
Destroyer. Launched 1912. Displacement 860 tons. Speed 33 knots. Two
4″ guns.

Fisher, Lord, 85, 113, 125–7, 137, 144–5, 179–80, 259, 354, 436–41,
452, 454, 462, 465, 473, 510

—— appointed First Sea Lord, 437;
at the Admiralty, 479–501;
and Falklands Victory, 493–4;
character sketch, 71–8;
letter on a naval programme, 106–9

Foch, Marshal, 358–9, 410, 491

_Foresight_, 404
Scout. Launched 1904. Displacement 2,850 tons. Speed 25 knots. Nine
4″ guns.

Fowler, Sir Henry, 24

_Fox_, 311, 313, 317
Light cruiser. Launched 1893. Displacement 4,360 tons. Speed 19½
knots. Two 6″, eight 4·7″ guns.

Franco-German War, 6–8

Franco-Russian Alliance of 1892, 7–10

_Frauenlob_, 333
German light cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 2,657 tons. Speed
21 knots. Ten 4·1″ guns.

French, Earl, 249–50, 279, 286, 289, 299–300, 302, 342, 371, 382, 395,
400, 408–11

—— differences between French and Kitchener, 398–9, 408

—— letter to Mr. Churchill on Lord Kitchener’s visit to Paris, 300–1

French General Staff, 57

French Navy, 242.
_See also_ under names of Ships

_Furious_, 500
Cruiser. Launched 1916. Displacement 19,100 tons. Speed 31½ knots.
Two 18″, eight 5·5″ guns.

_Geier_, 307, 316, 468–9
German light cruiser. Launched 1894. Displacement 1,597 tons. Speed
16 knots. Eight 4·1″ guns.

General Election of 1906, 24

_General_, German mail steamer, 266

George, David Lloyd, 20, 24, 28–9, 43–7, 282, 292

—— speech at Bankers’ Association on Agadir crisis, 43–5

—— effect on Germany, 45–6

German alliance with Turkey, 539

German colonial expansion, 6–7, 95

German finance, 1909, 35–6

German merchant ships captured, 326

German Navy, 12–15, 32–4, 36, 51, 333–4, 503.
_See also_ names of ships.

German Navy Law, 53–124

German oversea trade, 326

German plan for attacking France, Sir H. Wilson’s view, 53–67

German spies, 49

German torpedo boats, 487–8

Germany and balance of power, 6–11

—— and Boer War, 11–2

—— declares war on Russia, 231

—— invited to join Japanese Alliance, 14

—— Moroccan problem, 14

Gerrard, Major, 340

_Glasgow_, 445–8, 450–1, 453–4, 460, 463, 466, 469–71, 473, 475, 477–8,
492
Light cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 4,800 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Two 6″, ten 4″ guns.

_Glorious_, 500
Cruiser. Launched 1916. Displacement 18,600 tons. Speed 32 knots.
Four 15″, eighteen 4″ guns.

_Glory_, 310, 328
Battleship. Launched 1899. Displacement 12,950 tons. Speed 18¼ knots.
Four 12″, twelve 6″ guns.

_Gloucester_, 267, 269, 271–2, 468, 542
Light cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 4,800 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Two 6″, ten 4″ guns.

_Gneisenau_, 307–8, 313–6, 320–3, 424, 443–64, 466, 468–70, 474–8, 484
German cruiser. Launched 1906. Displacement 11,420 tons. Speed 22½
knots. Eight 8·2″, six 5·9″ guns.

_Goeben_, 219, 222, 236–43, 266–75, 525–7, 529, 535, 539–40, 544
German battle cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 22,640 tons. Speed
26 knots. Ten 11″, twelve 5·9″ guns.

_Good Hope_, 308, 444, 446–54, 456–59, 463, 469–70, 316, 492
Cruiser. Launched 1901. Displacement 14,100 tons. Speed 23 knots. Two
9·2″, sixteen 6″ guns.

Goodenough, Admiral, 510

Goulding, Sir Edward, 229

Grant, Captain Noel, 308

Grant-Duff, Col., 49 (_note_)

Greene, Sir Graham, 439

Grey, Earl, 24–31, 40–5, 96–9, 105, 115, 155, 186, 189, 191, 197, 204,
207–8, 210–6, 231, 360, 365–6, 370, 384, 524–7, 530, 534, 536

Gun: weight of shell fired, 125–6

Gunnery, 125–31

Haig, Earl, 90, 395

_Halcyon_, 479
Torpedo gunboat. Launched 1894. Displacement 1,070 tons. Speed 19
knots. Two 4·7″ guns.

Haldane, Lord, 24, 48, 66, 103–4, 111, 231

—— asks for a Naval War Staff, 56

—— goes to Berlin, 98–9

—— Haldane Plan, 248

Halil Bey, 523

Hall, Captain Reginald, 502

_Hamidieh_, 540
Turkish fight cruiser. Launched 1903. Displacement 3,800 tons. Speed
22 knots. Two 6″, eight 4·7″ guns.

_Hampshire_, 314, 316–7, 323–4, 468, 542, 544
Cruiser. Launched 1903. Displacement 10,850 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Four 7·5″, six 6″ guns.

Hankey, Captain, 49, 172, 220

Harcourt, Sir William, 20

Harland and Wolff, 499

Hartlepool bombardment, 507–9, 520

‘Harwich Striking Force,’ 330, 402, 480–1, 506–7

Hase, Commander von, 141 (_note_)

Hedin, Dr. Sven, 402

Heligoland Bight Action, 331–4

Heligoland exchanged for Zanzibar, 11

Henry, Sir Edward, 47–8

Herzegovina, 30–1

Hicks-Beach, Sir M., 22

_Highflyer_, 308, 467
Light cruiser. Launched 1898. Displacement 5,600 tons. Speed 20
knots. Eleven 6″ guns.

_Himalaya_, 316
Armed merchant cruiser.

Hindenburg, 538

Hipper, Admiral von, 514, 518–21

_Hizen_, 453, 465, 467–9
Japanese battleship. Launched 1900. Displacement 12,700 tons. Speed
18 knots. Four 12″, sixteen 6″ guns.

_Hogue_, 351–3
Cruiser. Launched 1900. Displacement 12,000 tons. Speed 21½ knots.
Two 9·2″, twelve 6″ guns.

Holbrook, Commander, 415, 545

Holland and neutrality, 361–2

Hood, Admiral, 255–6, 401, 403–7, 422, 480, 492

Hopwood, Sir Francis. _See_ Southborough, Lord

Hornby, Admiral, 328

_Humber_, 401
Monitor. Launched 1913. Displacement 1,250 tons. Speed 11½ knots. Two
6″, two 4·7″ guns.

_Hyacinth_, 468
Light cruiser. Launched 1898. Displacement 5,600 tons. Speed 20
knots. Eleven 6″ guns.

_Ibuki_, 316, 321–2, 327, 472, 544
Japanese cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 14,620 tons. Speed 22
knots. Four 12″, eight 8″, fourteen 4·7″ guns.

_Idzumo_, 415, 453, 465, 467–9
Japanese cruiser. Launched 1899. Displacement 9,750 tons. Speed 22
knots. Four 8″, fourteen 6″ guns.

_Ikoma_, 466
Japanese cruiser. Launched 1906. Displacement 13,750 tons. Speed 21
knots. Four 12″, twelve 6″, twelve 4·7″ guns.

Imperial Defence, Committee of, 173, 221

_Inconstant_, 497
Light cruiser. Launched 1914. Displacement 3,500 tons. Speed 29
knots. Two 6″, six 4″ guns.

_Indefatigable_, 140, 239–40, 313, 540
Battle cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 18,750 tons. Speed 25
knots. Eight 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

_Indomitable_, 239–40, 266, 274, 312, 467–8, 533, 536
Battle cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 17,250 tons. Speed 25
knots. Eight 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

_Inflexible_, 266, 428, 466–8, 472,475–8, 481, 493
Battle cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 17,250 tons. Speed 25
knots. Eight 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

Ingenohl, Admiral von, 515–6

Intelligence Department, 495–6, 502–5

Invasion, 177–8, 288–9, 409, 419, 490

_Invincible_, 261, 331, 427, 428, 465–8, 475–8, 481, 493
Battle cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 17,250 tons. Speed 25
knots. Eight 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

Ireland and the European balance, 179–202

_Iron Duke_, 517
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1912. Displacement 25,000 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 13·5″, twelve 6″ guns.

Isvolsky, M., 30

Italian neutrality, 237, 242

Jackson, Sir Henry, 310–1, 320, 439

Jackson, Admiral Thomas, 439, 502

Jameson Raid, 11, 20

Japanese Alliance, 14

Japanese Navy, 468;
convoy, 321.
_See also_ names of ships

Japanese ultimatum to Germany, 315

Jellicoe, Lord, 83–4, 146, 179, 232, 276, 278, 331, 408, 417–8, 425–6,
428, 437, 466, 480–9, 517

—— opinion of Mr. Churchill, 109

—— raids the British coast in 1913, 153–4

—— takes command of the Fleets, 233

—— and submarine alarm, 417–9, 421

Jerram, Admiral, 314

Joffre, General, 285–6, 298, 301–2, 347, 365–7, 400, 491

Jutland, Battle of, 338

_Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse_, 308
German armed merchant cruiser.

_Karlsruhe_, 307–8, 444, 448, 461, 477
German light cruiser. Launched 1912. Displacement 4,820 tons. Speed
27 knots. Twelve 4·1″ guns.

Keble’s _Christian Year_, 146

Kelly, Captain John, 270–1

Kelly, Captain W. A. Howard, 271

_Kent_, 465, 467, 473, 475–6, 478
Cruiser. Launched 1901. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

Kerr, Admiral Mark, 532–3

_Kersaint_, 316
French gunvessel. Launched 1897. Displacement 1,223 tons. Speed 15
knots. One 5·5″, five 3·9″ guns.

Keyes, Commodore, 278, 330, 332, 349, 438, 506, 508, 512–3, 519

Khaki Election, 20, 24

Kiderlen-Wächter, 39, 46

Kiel Canal, 98

_King Alfred_, 350
Cruiser. Launched 1901. Displacement 14,100 tons. Speed 23 knots. Two
9·2″, sixteen 6″ guns.

_King Edwards_, class of ship, 481, 484–5

Kitchener, Lord, 160, 214, 248, 250–5, 287–9, 294, 299–304, 306–7, 326,
329, 334, 337, 343, 347, 360, 362, 365–73, 377, 381–4, 388–9,
399–400, 408–9, 412, 430, 490, 531, 538

—— and British Territorial system, 254;
effects of Mons, 288–9;
goes to Paris and Lord French’s comment, 299–304;
differences between Kitchener and French, 399–400, 408;
orders batteries from India, 307;
Secretary of State for War, 250–1

Kluck, General von, 279, 357–8

_Köln_, 332
German light cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 4,280 tons. Speed
27 knots. Twelve 4·1″ guns.

_Komet_, 307
German torpedo gunboat. Launched 1892. Displacement 971 tons. Speed
21 knots. Four 3·4″ guns.

_Königsberg_, 307–9, 311, 324, 471–2, 542
German light cruiser. Launched 1906. Displacement 3,350 tons. Speed
23 knots. Ten 4·1″ guns.

Kruger, President, 11

_Kurama_, 466
Japanese cruiser. Launched 1907. Displacement 14,620 tons. Speed 22
knots. Four 12″, eight 8″, fourteen 4·7″ guns.

Lambert, Mr., 183

_Lancaster_, 328, 467
Cruiser. Launched 1902. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 23 knots.
Fourteen 6″ guns.

_Lance_, 402
Destroyer. Launched 1914. Displacement 965 tons. Speed 29 knots.
Three 4″ guns.

Lanrezac, General, 279, 286, 299

Lansdowne, Marquis of, 14

Law, Mr. Bonar, 229

_Legion_, 402
Destroyer. Launched 1914. Displacement 965 tons. Speed 29 knots.
Three 4″ guns.

_Leipzig_, 307–9, 311, 315, 447–8, 455–7, 463, 476–8
German light cruiser, Launched 1905. Displacement 3,200 tons. Speed
22½ knots. Ten 4·1″ guns.

_Lennox_, 402
Destroyer. Launched 1914. Displacement 965 tons. Speed 29 knots.
Three 4″ guns.

_Leopard_, 480
Destroyer. Launched 1897. Displacement 350 tons. Speed 30 knots. One
12–pr., five 6–pr. guns.

Licensing Bill, 1908, 28

Lichnowsky, Prince, 255

Lighters, 500

Limpus, Admiral, 525, 535

Lindequist, von, 65

_Lion_, 89, 109, 134, 145–6, 333, 428, 517
Battle cruiser. Launched 1910. Displacement 26,350 tons. Speed 27
knots. Eight 13·5″, sixteen 4″ guns.

Liquid fuel, 133–41

_Lively_, 480
Destroyer. Launched 1900. Displacement 385 tons. Speed 30 knots. One
12–pr., five 6–pr. guns.

London Conference, 1871, 30

_Lord Nelson_, 261
Battleship. Launched 1906. Displacement 16,500 tons. Speed 18½ knots.
Four 12″, ten 9·2″ guns.

Loreburn, Earl (Sir Robert Reid), 24, 42

Louis of Battenberg, Prince, 82–3, 89–90, 120, 162 (_note_), 183, 201,
242, 259, 287, 313, 350, 377, 380–2, 396, 429, 462, 503

—— orders the Fleet not to disperse, 209;
letter of resignation, 435–6

_Loyal_, 402
Destroyer. Launched 1913. Displacement 965 tons. Speed 29 knots.
Three 4″ guns.

Lucas, Lord, 250

Ludendorff, General, 282

_Lurcher_, 219, 333, 508, 512
Destroyer. Launched 1912. Displacement 860 tons. Speed 35 knots. Two
4″ guns.

‘_Luxus Flotte_,’ 103, 112

_Macedonia_, 448, 451, 478
Armed merchant cruiser.

McKenna, Mr., 32–3, 44, 68, 74–5, 102, 125

Macnamara, Dr., 181, 183

Madden, Admiral, 83

‘Maestricht Appendix,’ 55, 64

_Magdeburg_, 503–4
German light cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 4,500 tons. Speed
27 knots. Twelve 4·1″ guns.

Mahan, Admiral, 93 (_note_)

_Maidstone_, 404
Depot ship for submarines.

_Mainz_, 333
German light cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 4,232 tons. Speed
25½ knots. Twelve 4·1″ guns.

_Majestic_, 312, 328
Battleship. Launched 1895. Displacement 14,900 tons. Speed 17½ knots.
Four 12″, twelve 6″ guns.

_Malaya_, 111, 140–1
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1914. Displacement 27,500 tons.
Speed 25 knots. Eight 15″, twelve 6″ guns.

Mallet, Sir Louis, 530, 537

Mannesmann Brothers, 38

Marine Brigade, 255, 334–5, 343, 347

Marix, Commander, 389 (_note_)

Marne, Battle of, 299, 357–8

Marsh, Mr., 205 (_note_)

Marwitz, 359

Maunoury, General, 356–7

Maurice of Battenberg, Prince, 436

_Melbourne_, Lord, 52

Melbourne, 314, 316–7, 320–3, 327, 468, 471, 542
Australian light cruiser. Launched 1912. Displacement 5,400 tons.
Speed 25½ knots. Eight 6″ guns.

Mensdorf, Count, 256

Mercantile marine, 264

_Mersey_, 401
Monitor. Launched 1913. Displacement 1,250 tons. Speed 11½ knots. Two
6″, two 4·7″ guns.

Metternich, Count, 40, 44–6, 50–2

‘Military Aspects of the Continental Problem, 1911,’ by Mr. Churchill,
58–62

Milne, Sir Berkeley, 238–9, 266–75

_Minerva_, 312, 543
Light cruiser. Launched 1895. Displacement 5,600 tons. Speed 19½
knots. Eleven 6″ guns.

_Minotaur_, 142, 313–4, 316–7, 321–2, 327, 467, 472, 484
Cruiser. Launched 1906. Displacement 14,600 tons. Speed 22½ knots.
Four 9·2″, ten 7·5″ guns.

Moltke, H., Count, 7, 12, 51

_Monarch_, 109
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1911. Displacement 22,500 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 13·5″, sixteen 4″ guns.

Monitors, 498–500

_Monmouth_, 308, 445–64, 416, 469, 478, 492
Cruiser. Launched 1901. Displacement 9,800 tons. Speed 22·4 knots.
Fourteen 6″guns.

Mons, 289

_Montcalm_, 315–6, 320–2, 324, 465–6
French cruiser. Launched 1900. Displacement 9,367 tons. Speed 21
knots. Two 7·6″, eight 6·4″, four 3·9″ guns.

Moore, Admiral, 127, 138

Morley, Lord, 24, 42, 250

Morocco crisis, 25–7, 38–67

Motor omnibuses from London streets, 347

_Mousquet_, 308
French destroyer. Launched 1902. Displacement 300 tons. Speed 30
knots. One 9–pr., six 3–pr. guns.

Munro, Commander, 423–4

_Myrmidon_, 406
Destroyer. Launched 1900. Displacement 370 tons. Speed 30 knots. One
12–pr., five 6–pr. guns.

Napoleon, 153, 245

Nasmith, Commander, 519

Naval Brigades, 377–90, 392

Naval Intelligence Division, 495–6, 502–5

Naval Reserves called out, 231

Naval Volunteers, 255

Naval War Staff, 56, 69, 90–3

_Neptune_, 122
Dreadnought battleship. Launched 1909. Displacement 19,900 tons.
Speed 21 knots. Ten 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

New Guinea Expedition, 322

New Zealand, 319–20

New Zealand Contingent sails, 321–2

_New Zealand_, 219, 237, 274, 331, 428, 466
Battle cruiser. Launched 1911. Displacement 18,800 tons. Speed 25
knots. Eight 12″, sixteen 4″ guns.

_Newcastle_, 315, 450, 453, 465, 467–8
Light cruiser. Launched 1909. Displacement 4,800 tons. Speed 25½
knots. Two 6″, ten 4″ guns.

Newspaper Press Committee, 431

Nicholson, Sir William, 50, 249

Nieuport, 406

_Nürnberg_, 307, 316–7, 319, 446, 448, 455–6, 463, 477–8
German light cruiser. Launched 1906. Displacement 3,396 tons. Speed
23½ knots. Ten 4·1″ guns.

_Nusa_, 307
German Government yacht.

_Ocean_, 312
Battleship. Launched 1898. Displacement 12,950 tons. Speed 18¼ knots.
Four 12″, twelve 6″ guns.

Oguri, Admiral, 469

Oil Problem, 133–41, 179–81

Oliver, Admiral, 374–5, 401, 438, 452, 466, 474, 493, 502, 504, 508

Ollivant, Colonel, 306, 345, 347

_Olympic_, liner, 431

Omnibuses from London streets, 321

Oram, Sir Henry, 129, 133, 144, 147

_Orama_, 448, 451, 473
Armed merchant cruiser.

Osmaston, Colonel, 397

Ostend, 404;
British destroyers fire on, 402–3

_Otranto_, 445–447, 450, 454, 456–9, 463, 466, 469–70, 478
Armed merchant cruiser.

Ottley, Sir Charles, 81, 220

Pakenham, Captain, 83, 86–7, 89

_Panther_, 39, 46
German gunboat. Launched 1901. Displacement 962 tons. Speed 13 knots.
Eight 3·4″ guns.

Paris, General, 347, 381–3, 385, 387

_Pegasus_, 308
Light cruiser. Launched 1897. Displacement 2,135 tons. Speed 20
knots. Eight 4″ guns.

_Philomel_, 323–24
Light cruiser. Launched 1890. Displacement 2,575 tons. Speed 19
knots. Eight 4·7″ guns.

_Pioneer_, 316, 324
Australian light cruiser. Launched 1899. Displacement 2,200 tons.
Speed 20 knots. Eight 4″ guns.

‘Plan XVII,’ 285–7

_Planet_, 307
German surveying vessel.

Pohl, Admiral von, 260, 334