Chapter VI: Part III: , at Pages 918 and 920. Dr. Frank speaks (1)

“I am pleased to report to you officially, Party Comrade
Sauckel, that we have up to now supplied 800,000 workers for the
Reich. . . .”

He continues:

“Recently you have requested us to supply a further 140,000. I
have pleasure in informing you officially that in accordance
with our agreement of yesterday, 60 percent of the newly
requested workers will be supplied to the Reich by the end of
October and the balance of 40 percent by the end of the year.”

Dr. Frank continues:

“Beyond the present figure of 140,000 you can, however, next
year reckon upon a higher number of workers from the Government
General, for we shall employ the Police to conscript them.”

How this recruitment was carried out—by wild and ruthless manhunts—is clearly shown in Exhibit Number USA-178, which is in evidence before the Tribunal. Starvation, violence, and death, which characterized the entire slave-labor program of the conspirators, was thus faithfully reflected in the administration of the Defendant Frank.

There were, of course, other grounds for uneasiness in occupied Poland which the Defendant Frank did not mention in his report to Hitler. He does not mention the concentration camps, perhaps because as a representative jurist of National Socialism, the Defendant Frank had himself defended the system in Germany. As Governor General the Defendant Frank, we feel, must be held responsible for all concentration camps within the boundaries of the Government General. These include, among others, the notorious camp at Maidanek and the one at Lublin and at Treblinka outside of Warsaw. As indicated previously, the Defendant Frank knew and approved that Poles were taken to concentration camps in connection with resettlement projects. He had certain jurisdiction as well in relation to the extermination camp Auschwitz, to which Poles from the Government General were committed by his administration. In February 1944 Embassy Counsellor Dr. Schumberg suggested a possible amnesty of Poles who had been taken to Auschwitz for trivial offenses and kept there for several months. This conference, if the Court please, is reported in the Frank diary and is contained in our Document 2233(bb)-PS, at Page 60 in the document book. It is the third quote on that page. I offer the original in evidence as Exhibit Number USA-295.

THE PRESIDENT: You go too fast. Did you say Page 70?

LT. COL. BALDWIN: Page 60, Sir. The German text appears in the loose-leaf volume covering the period 1 January 1944 to 28 February 1944, at the conference on 8 February 1944, on Page 7. I quote:

“The Governor General will take under consideration an amnesty
probably for 1 May of this year. Nevertheless, one must not lose
sight of the fact that the German leadership of the Government
General must not now show any sign of weakness.”

This, then, was and is the conspirator Hans Frank. The evidence is by no means exhausted, but it is our belief that sufficient proof has been given to this Tribunal to establish his liability under Count One of the Indictment.

As legal adviser of Hitler and the Leadership Corps of the NSDAP, Defendant Frank promoted the conspirators’ rise to power. In his various juridical capacities, both in the NSDAP and in the German Government, Defendant Frank certainly advocated and promoted the political monopoly of the NSDAP, the racial program of the conspirators, and the terror system of the concentration camps and of arrest without warrant. His role, early in the Common Plan, was to realize “the National Socialist program in the realm of the law” and to give the outward form of legality to this program of terror, persecution, and oppression which had as its ultimate purpose mobilization for aggressive war.

As a loyal adherent of Hitler and the NSDAP, Defendant Frank was appointed Governor General in 1939 of that area of Poland known as the Government General. Defendant Frank had defined justice as that which benefited the German nation. His 5 years’ administration of the Government General illustrates the most extreme extension of that principle.

It has been shown that Defendant Frank took the office of Governor General under a program which constituted in itself a criminal plan or conspiracy, as Defendant Frank well knew and approved, to exploit the territory ruthlessly for the benefit of Nazi Germany, to conscript its nationals for labor in Germany, to close its schools and colleges, to prevent the rise of a Polish intelligentsia, and to administer the territory as a colonial possession of the Third Reich in total disregard of the duties of an occupying power towards the inhabitants of occupied territory.

Under Defendant Frank’s administration this criminal plan was consummated, but the execution went even beyond the plan. Food contributions to Germany increased to the point where the bare subsistence reserved for the Government General under the plan was reduced to a level of mass starvation. The savage program of exterminating Jews was relentlessly executed. Resettlement projects were carried out with reckless disregard of the rights of the local population and the terror of the concentration camp followed in the wake of the Nazi invaders.

This statement of evidence has been compiled in large part from statements by the Defendant Frank himself, from the admission found in his diary, official reports, reports of conferences with his colleagues and subordinates, and his speeches. It is therefore appropriate that a passage from his diary should be quoted in conclusion. It is our Document 2233(aa)-PS. It appears at Page 59 in the document book. I offer the original in evidence as Exhibit Number USA-613. The German text appears in the 1943 volume of labor conference meetings at the 25 January 1943 entry on Page 53. In his address Defendant Frank, prophetically enough, told his colleagues in the Government General that their task would grow more difficult. “Hitler”, he said, “could help them only as a kind of ‘administrative pill box.’” They must depend on themselves.

“We are now duty bound to hold together”—and I quote Frank—“We
must remember that we who are gathered together here figure on
Mr. Roosevelt’s list of war criminals. I have the honor of being
Number One. We have, so to speak, become accomplices in the
world historic sense.”

This concludes the presentation on the Defendant Frank.

May it please the Tribunal, Lieutenant Colonel Griffith-Jones of the British Delegation will now deal with the individual responsibility of the Defendant Streicher.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL M. C. GRIFFITH-JONES (Junior Counsel for the United Kingdom): If the Tribunal please, it is my duty to present the case against the Defendant Julius Streicher.

Appendix A of the Indictment, that paragraph of the Appendix relating to Streicher, sets out the positions which he held and which I shall prove. It then goes on to allege that he used those positions and his personal influence and his close connection with the Führer in such a manner that he promoted the accession to power of the Nazi conspirators and the consolidation of their control over Germany, as set forth in Count One of the Indictment; that he authorized, directed, and participated in the Crimes against Humanity, set forth in Count Four of the Indictment, including particularly the incitement of the persecution of the Jews, set forth in Count One and Count Four of the Indictment.

My Lord, the case against this defendant can be, perhaps, described by the unofficial title that he assumed for himself as “Jew-baiter Number One.” It is the Prosecution’s case that for the course of some 25 years this man educated the whole of the German people in hatred and that he incited them to the persecution and to the extermination of the Jewish race. He was an accessory to murder, perhaps on a scale never attained before.

With the Tribunal’s permission I propose to prove quite shortly the position and influence that he held and then to refer the Tribunal to several short extracts from his newspapers and from his speeches and then to outline the part that he played in the particular persecutions that occurred against the Jews between the years 1933 and 1945.

My Lord, perhaps before I start, I might say that the document book before the members of the Tribunal is arranged in the order in which I intend to refer to the documents. They are paged and there is an index at the beginning of the book and if the Tribunal have got what is called the trial brief, it is in effect a note of the evidence to which I shall refer and again in the order in which I shall refer to it, which may be of some assistance.

My Lord, this defendant was born in 1885. He became a school teacher in Nuremberg and formed a party of his own, which he called the German Socialist Party. The chief policy of that party, again, was anti-Semitism. In 1922 he handed over his party to Hitler; and there is a glowing account of his generosity which appears in Hitler’s _Mein Kampf_, which I do not think it worth occupying the time of the Tribunal in reading. It appears as Document M-3, and is the first document in the Tribunal’s document book. The copy of _Mein Kampf_ is already before the Tribunal as Exhibit GB-128.

The appointments that he held in the Party and State were few. From 1921 until 1945 he was a member of the Nazi Party. In 1925 he was appointed Gauleiter of Franconia, and he remained as such until about February of 1940; and from the time that the Nazi Government came into power in 1933 until 1945, he was a member of the Reichstag. In addition to that he held the title of Obergruppenführer in the SA. All that information appears in Document 2975-PS, which is already exhibited as Exhibit Number USA-9, and is the affidavit that he made himself.

The propaganda that he carried out throughout those years was chiefly done through the medium of his newspapers. He was the editor and publisher of the paper called Der Stürmer, which was a weekly journal, from 1922 until 1933; and thereafter the publisher and owner of the paper.

In 1933 he also founded and thereafter, I think, published—certainly was responsible for—the daily newspaper called the _Fränkische Tageszeitung_.

There were, in addition to that and particularly later, several others, mostly local journals, that he published from Nuremberg.

Those are the positions that he held; and now if I may, I shall quite briefly trace the course of his incitement and propaganda more or less in chronological order by referring the Tribunal to the short extracts. I would say this: These extracts are really selected at random. They are selected with a view to showing the Tribunal the various methods that he employed to incite the people against the Jewish race; but his newspapers are crowded with them, week after week, day after day. It is impossible to pick up any copy without finding the same kind of stuff in the headlines and in the articles.

If I might quote from four speeches and articles showing his early activities from 1922 until 1933—at Page 3 of the Tribunal’s document book, Document M-11—that is an extract from a speech that he made in 1922 in Nuremberg, and—after abusing the Jews in the first paragraph—I refer only to the last two lines: “We know that Germany will be free when the Jew has been excluded from the life of the German people.”

I pass to the next document, which is M-12, on Page 4. The first document was Exhibit GB-165. That is the book, I understand, that is being given that number, so that the next document, which is taken from the same book, will be the same. Perhaps I might be allowed to read that short extract. It is an extract from a speech:

“I beg you and particularly those of you who carry the cross
throughout the land, to become somewhat more serious when I
speak of the enemy of the German people, namely, the Jew. Not
out of irresponsibility or for fun do I fight against the Jewish
enemy, but because I bear within me the knowledge that the whole
misfortune was brought to Germany by the Jews alone.

“. . . I ask you once more, what is at stake today? The Jew
seeks domination not only among the German people but among all
peoples. The Communists pave the way for him. . . . Do you not
know that the God of the Old Testament ordered the Jews to
devour and enslave the peoples of the earth? . . .

“The Government allows the Jew to do as he pleases. The people
expect action to be taken. . . . You may think about Adolf
Hitler as you please, but one thing you must admit. He possessed
the courage to attempt to free the German people from the Jew by
a national revolution. That was a great deed.”

The next short extract appearing on the next page is taken from a speech in April of 1925:

“You must realize that the Jew wants our people to perish. . . .
That is why you must join us and leave those who have brought
you nothing but war and inflation and discord. For thousands of
years the Jew has been destroying the nations.”

I ask the Tribunal to note now these last few words:

“Let us start today, so that we can annihilate the Jews.”

My Lord, so far as I have been able to find, that is the earliest expression of annihilation of the Jewish race. Perhaps it gave birth to what was 14 years later to become the official policy of the Nazi Government.

And one further passage from this period. This is in April 1932, Document M-14, taken from the same book. He starts by saying, “For 13 years I have fought against Jewry.” I quote the last paragraph only:

“We know that the Jew, whether he is baptized as a Protestant or
as a Catholic, remains a Jew. Why can you not realize this, you
Protestant clergymen, you Catholic priests! You are blinded and
serve the God of the Jews who is not the God of love but the God
of hate. Why do you not listen to Christ, who said to the Jews,
‘You are the children of the Devil.’”

That, then, was the kind of performance he was putting up during those early years. When the Nazi Party came to power, they officially started their campaign against the Jews by the boycott of 1 April 1933. Now, of that boycott the Tribunal have already had evidence; and I would do no more now than to remind the Tribunal in a word what happened.

The boycott was agreed on and approved of by the whole Government, as was shown in a document which is already before you, Document 2409-PS, Exhibit Number USA-262, which was Goebbels’ diary.

Streicher was appointed the chairman of the central committee for the organization of that boycott, which appears in Document 2156-PS, Exhibit Number USA-263. It was then said that he started his work on Wednesday, the 29th.

On that same day the central committee issued a proclamation in which they said that the boycott would start on Saturday at 10:00 a. m. sharp. “Jewry will realize whom it has challenged.” That short quotation appears in Document 3389-PS, which is USA-566, which is a volume—in actual fact, it is a copy of _Der Stürmer_ which is already before the Court.

I would refer the Tribunal to one short passage from an article in the _Nationalsozialistische Partei Korrespondenz_ which the defendant wrote on the 30th of March, before the boycott was due to start. It is Document 2153-PS and appears on Page 12 of the Tribunal’s book, which becomes Exhibit GB-166. There he writes, under the title, “Defeat the enemy of the world!—by Julius Streicher, official leader of the central committee to combat the Jewish atrocity and boycott campaign.”:

“Jewry wanted this battle. It shall have it until it realizes
that the Germany of the brown battalions is not a country of
cowardice and surrender. Jewry will have to fight until we have
won victory.

“National Socialists! Defeat the enemy of the world. Even if the
world is full of devils, we shall succeed in the end.”

As head of the central committee for that boycott, Streicher outlined in detail the organization of the boycott in orders which the committee published on the 31st of March 1933, which is the next document in the book, Document 2154-PS, Exhibit GB-167. I can summarize those.

The committee stressed that no violence is to be employed against the Jews on the occasion of that boycott, but not perhaps for humane reasons; it is because, if there is no violence employed, then Jewish employers will have no grounds for discharging their employees without notice; and they will have no ground for refusing to pay them any wages.

The Jews were also reported apparently to be transferring businesses to German figureheads in order to alleviate the results of this persecution, and the committee laid it down that any property to be transferred was to be considered as Jewish for the purpose of the boycott.

I do not think I need go into that any further. It does show that at that date he was taking a leading part, and a leading part as appointed by the Government, in the persecution of the Jews.

I would now refer the Court again to a few further extracts to show the form that this propaganda developed as the years went on. At Page 18 of the document book, Document M-20, we have an article in the New Year’s issue of a new paper that he had just founded. It was a semi-medical paper called _German People’s Health Through Blood and Soil_, edited by himself; and it is an example of the really remarkable lengths to which he went in putting over this propaganda against the Jews. I quote:

“For the initiated it is established for all time: ‘alien
albumen’ is the sperm of a man of alien race. The male sperm in
cohabitation is partially or completely absorbed by the female,
and thus enters her bloodstream. One single cohabitation of a
Jew with an Aryan woman is sufficient to poison her blood
forever. Together with the ‘alien albumen’ she has absorbed the
alien soul. Never again will she be able to bear purely Aryan
children, even when married to an Aryan. They will all be
bastards, with a dual soul and a body of a mixed breed. Their
children, too, will be crossbreeds; that means, ugly people of
unsteady character and with a tendency to illnesses. . . .

“Now we know why the Jew uses every artifice of seduction in
order to ravish German girls at as early an age as possible; why
the Jewish doctor rapes his female patients while they are under
anaesthesia. . . . He wants the German girl and the German woman
to absorb the alien sperm of the Jew. She is never again to bear
German children!

“But the blood products of all animal organisms right down to
bacteria, thus serum, lymph, extracts from internal organs, _et
cetera_, are also ‘alien albumen.’ They have a poisonous effect
if directly introduced into the bloodstream either by
vaccination or by injection.

“The worst is that by these products of sick animals the blood
is defiled, the Aryan is impregnated with an alien species.

“The author and abettor of such action is the Jew. He has been
aware of the secrets of the race question for centuries, and
therefore plans systematically the annihilation of the nations
which are superior to him. Science and ‘authorities’ are his
instruments for the enforcing of pseudoscience and the
concealment of truth.”

That becomes, My Lord, Exhibit GB-168.

The next document, also at the beginning of 1935, an extract from his own paper _Der Stürmer_, is entitled “The Chosen People of the Criminals”:

“And all the same, or let us say, just because of this, the
history book of the Jews, which is usually called the Holy
Scriptures, impresses us as a horrible criminal romance, which
makes the 150 shilling-shockers of the British Jew, Edgar
Wallace, grow pale with envy. This ‘holy’ book abounds in
murder, incest, fraud, theft, and indecency.”

On the 4th of October 1935—and the Tribunal will remember that that was the month after the Nuremberg Decrees had been made—he made a speech which is reported in the _Völkischer Beobachter_ and is entitled in that newspaper, “Safeguard of German Blood and German Honor.” I read the report in that article: “Gauleiter Streicher speaks at a German Labor Front mass demonstration for the Nuremberg laws.” Then the first line of the actual article says that he spoke for the second time within a few weeks. I quote only the last two lines of that first large paragraph: “. . . we have therefore to unmask the Jew, and that is what I have been doing for the past 15 years.” That remark apparently was met with tempestuous applause. That document, M-34, becomes Exhibit GB-169.

And, My Lord, I think it unnecessary to quote from the next document in the Tribunal’s book. It is very much the same type of thing. On Page 22 of the document book, Document M-6, there is a leading article by Streicher in his _Der Stürmer_ of which I would refer only to the last half of the last paragraph where again he emphasizes the part that he himself has taken in this campaign.

“The _Stürmer’s_ 15 years of work of enlightenment has already
led an army of initiated—millions strong—to National
Socialism. The continued work of _Der Stürmer_ will help to
ensure that every German down to the last man will, with heart
and hand, join the ranks of those whose aim it is to crush the
head of the serpent Pan-Juda beneath their heels. He who helps
to bring this about helps to eliminate the devil, and this devil
is the Jew.”

That document becomes Exhibit GB-170.

The next document—I include it in the document book again only to show the extraordinary length to which he went in his propaganda; and it consists of a photograph of the burning hull of the airship _Hindenburg_ when it went on fire in June 1937 in America. Underneath it the caption includes the comment:

“The first radio picture from the United States of America shows
quite clearly that a Jew stands behind the explosion of our
airship _Hindenburg_. Nature has depicted quite clearly and
quite correctly that devil in human guise.”

And although it is not at all clear from that photograph, I think the meaning of that comment is that the cloud of smoke in the air is in the shape of a Jewish face.

On the next page Document M-4 is a speech he made in September 1937 at the opening of a bridge in Nuremberg. I will quote only the last paragraph on Page 24. The bridge in question is called the Wilhelm Gustloff bridge, and he says:

“The man who murdered Wilhelm Gustloff must have come from the
Jewish people, because the Jewish textbooks teach that every Jew
has the right to kill a non-Jew; and indeed, that it is pleasing
to the Jewish God to kill as many non-Jews as possible.

“Look at the road the Jewish people have been following for
thousands of years past; everywhere murder, everywhere mass
murder! Neither must we forget that behind present-day wars
there stands the Jewish financier who pursues his aims and
interests. The Jew always lives on the blood of other nations;
he needs such murder and such victims. For us who know, the
murder of Wilhelm Gustloff is the same as ritual murder.”

And then on the next page:

“It is our duty to tell the children at school and the bigger
ones what this memorial means. . . .”

I go to the next paragraph:

“The Jew no longer shows himself among us openly as he used to.
But it would be wrong to say that victory is ours. Full and
final victory will have been achieved only when the whole world
is rid of Jews.”

That becomes Exhibit GB-171.

Now the next two documents in your document books are simply extracts from the correspondence columns of his _Der Stürmer_, showing again one of the methods he employed in this propaganda. I do not need to read them. The correspondence columns of all his issues are full of letters coming in from Germans saying that some German has been buying her shoes from a Jewish shop and so on, and in that way assisting in the general boycott of the Jews. In other words, they really are a weekly column of libels against the Jews all over Germany.

I pass then to another and particular form of propaganda that he employed and which he called “ritual murder.” The Tribunal may well remember that some years ago—I think it started in 1934—this _Der Stürmer_ began publishing accounts of Jewish ritual murder which horrified the whole world to such an extent that even the Archbishop of Canterbury eventually wrote to the _Times_ protesting, as indeed did people from every country in the world, protesting that any Government should allow matter like this to be published in their national newspapers.

He takes his ritual murder, I understand, from a medieval belief that during their Eastertide celebrations the Jews were in the habit of murdering Christian children; and he enlarges upon this and misrepresents this belief, this medieval belief, to show that not only did they do it in the Middle Ages, but that they are still doing it and still want to do it. And if I might just quote one or two passages from his newspapers and show one or two pictures which he published in connection with his campaign of ritual murder, it will illustrate to the Court the type of teaching and propaganda that he was putting up. On Page 29 of the Tribunal’s document book, I will quote from the third but last paragraph:

“This the French front-line soldier should take with him to
France: The German people have taken a new lease on life. They
want peace, but if anybody should attack them, if anyone should
try to torture them again, to throw them back into the past,
then the world would witness another heroic epic; then may
Heaven decide where righteousness lies—here with us, or where
the Jew has the whiphand and where he instigates massacres, one
could almost say the biggest ritual murders of all times. If the
German people are to be slaughtered according to the Jewish
rites, the whole world will be thus slaughtered at the same
time.”

And the last paragraph:

“Just as you have drummed morning and evening prayers into your
children’s heads, so now drum this into their heads, so that the
German people may gain the spiritual power to convince the rest
of the world which the Jews desire to lead against us.”

That Document is M-2, Exhibit GB-172.

And on the following page of the document book there is a reproduction of a photograph taken from _Der Stürmer_ of April 1937 which illustrates three Jews ritually murdering a girl by cutting her throat and shows the blood pouring out into a bucket on the ground. The caption underneath that photograph is as follows:

“Ritual Murder at Polna. Ritual murder of Agnes Hruza by the
Jews Hilsner, Erdmann, and Wassermann (taken from a contemporary
postcard.)”

That is Exhibit Number USA-258. It is already in a copy of _Der Stürmer_, which has been put in.

There appears on the next page of the document book an extract from that same _Der Stürmer_, April 1937. I will not read it now, because it has been put in and has all been read to the Court. It describes what happens when ritual murder takes place, and the blood is mixed with the bread and drunk by the Jews having their feast. The Tribunal will remember that during the feast the head of the family exclaims, “May all gentiles perish—as the child whose blood is contained in the bread and wine.”

That is already Exhibit Number USA-258, and it has been read in the transcript at Page 1437 (Volume III, Pages 522, 523).

THE PRESIDENT: Would that be a good time to break off?

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: If My Lordship pleases.

[_A recess was taken until 1400 hours._]

_Afternoon Session_

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: May it please the Tribunal, if I might just refer to two further copies of _Der Stürmer_ on the subject of “ritual murder,” the first of which appears on Page 32 of the document book, 2700-PS. It is the copy in Exhibit USA-260. It is an article in _Der Stürmer_ for July 1938:

“Whoever has had the occasion to be an eyewitness to the
ritualistic slaughtering of animals or at least to see a
truthful film on this method of slaughtering will never forget
this gruesome experience. It is horrifying. And instinctively he
is reminded of the crimes which the Jews have committed for
centuries on human beings. He will be reminded of the ritual
murder. History offers hundreds of cases in which non-Jewish
children were tortured to death by Jews. They, too, received the
same gash in the throat as is found on ritualistically
slaughtered animals. They, too, were slowly bled to death while
fully conscious.”

My Lord, on special occasions, or when he had some particular subject matter to put before the world, he was in the habit of issuing special editions of his newspaper _Der Stürmer_. Ritual murder was such a special subject that he issued one of these special editions dealing solely with it. The Tribunal will have a photostatic copy of the complete issue for May 1939.

Now I have not attempted to have translated all, or indeed any, of the articles which appear in that edition. It is perhaps sufficient to look at the pictures, the illustrations, and for me to read the captions which appear underneath the photographs; and I regret the translations of the captions have not been attached to the Tribunal’s copy but perhaps I may be permitted to refer to the pictures and read the captions for the Tribunal.

The pages are marked in red pencil on the right-hand corner. On Page 1 I see a picture of a child having knives stuck into its side, blood spurting from it, and below the pedestal on which it stands are five presumably dead children lying on the ground. The caption to that picture is as follows:

“In the year 1476 the Jews in Regensburg murdered six boys. They
drew their blood and tortured them to death. In an underground
vault which belonged to the Jew Josfol, the judges found the
bodies of the murdered boys. A bloodstained earthen bowl stood
on an altar.”

On the next page there are two pictures, and the captions explain them. The one at the top left-hand corner:

“For the Jewish New Year celebrations in 1913, World Jewry
published this picture as a postcard. On the Jewish New Year and
on the Day of Atonement the Jews slaughter a so-called ‘kapores
cock,’ that is to say, dead cock, whose blood and death is
intended to purify the Jews. In 1913 the ‘kapores cock’ had the
head of the Russian Czar Nicholas II. By publishing this
postcard the Jews intended to say that Nicholas II would be
their next political purifying sacrifice. On the 16th of July
1918 the Czar was murdered by the Jews Jurovsky and
Goloschtschekin.”

The picture at the bottom of the page, again, has a Jew holding a similar bird:

“The ‘kapores cock’ has the head of the Führer. The Hebrew
script says that one day Jews will ‘kill all Hitlerites.’ Then
they, the Jews, will be delivered from all misfortunes. But in
due course the Jews will realize that they have reckoned without
an Adolf Hitler.”

The next page of the newspaper contains reproductions of a lot of previous articles on ritual murder, with a picture of the Defendant Julius Streicher at the top.

On the fourth page, a picture at the bottom of the right-hand corner has the caption:

“Jew at the Passover Meal. The wine and matzoth,”—unleavened
bread—“contain non-Jewish blood. The Jew ‘prays’ before the
meal. He ‘prays’ for death to all non-Jews.”

On the fifth page are reproductions from some of the European and American newspaper articles and letters which had been received by those newspapers during the course of the last years in protest to this propaganda on the subject of ritual murder, and in the center of it you will see the letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury written to the editor of the _Times_ in protest.

On the next page, Page 6, is another ghastly picture of a man having his throat cut—again the usual spurt of blood falling into a basin on the floor—and the caption to that is as follows:

“The Ritual Murder of the Boy Heinrich. In the year 1345 the
Jews in Munich slaughtered a non-Jewish boy. The martyr was
beatified by the Church.”

On Page 7 appears a picture representing three ritual murders. On Page 8 there is another photo-picture:

“St. Gabriel. This boy was crucified and tortured to death by
the Jews in the year 1690. The blood was drawn from him.”

I think we can pass Page 9 and Page 10.

On Page 11 there is shown a piece of sculpture which appears on the wall of the Wallfahrts Chapel in Wesel and it represents the ritual murder of a boy, Werner. It is a somewhat disgusting picture of the boy strung up by his feet and being murdered by two Jews.

Page 12 reproduces another picture taken from the same place. The caption is:

“The Embalmed Body of ‘Simon of Trent’ Who Was Tortured to Death
by the Jews.”

Page 13 has another picture—somebody else having a knife stuck into him, more blood coming out into a basin.

On Page 14 are two pictures. The one at the top is said to be the ritual murder of the boy Andreas, and the one at the bottom is the picture of a tombstone, the caption of which reads as follows:

“The Tombstone of Hilsner. This is the memorial to a Jewish
ritual murderer, Leopold Hilsner. He was found guilty of two
ritual murders and was condemned in two trials to death by
hanging. The emperor was bribed and pardoned him. Masaryk, the
friend of the Jews, liberated him from penal servitude in 1918.
Even on his tombstone lying Jewry calls this two-fold murderer
an innocent victim.”

The next page again reproduces the picture of a woman being murdered by having her throat cut in the same way; and perhaps I might refer to Page 17, which reproduces a picture of the Archbishop of Canterbury and a picture of an old Jewish man, and the caption says:

“Dr. Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Highest Dignitary
of the English Church. His ally, a typical example of the Jewish
race.”

The last page, Page 18, reproduces a picture called, “St. Simon of Trent, Who Was Tortured to Death.”

My Lord, it is my submission that that document is nothing but an incitement to the people of Germany who read it, an incitement to murder. It is filled with pictures of murder, murder alleged to be against the German people, and is an encouragement to all who read it to revenge themselves, and to revenge themselves in the same way. That document, M-10, becomes Exhibit GB-173.

DR. HANNS MARX (Counsel for Defendant Streicher): The Defendant Julius Streicher has just called my attention to the fact that he has not been given the opportunity to prove from where these pictures, which the Prosecution referred to just now, were taken. It is, in the opinion of the Defense, necessary that the origin of these pictures should be made clear to the Tribunal; otherwise one might think that these pictures had been especially borrowed for _Der Stürmer_ from some obscure source. The Defendant Streicher, however, points out that these pictures came from recognized historical sources. I should therefore like to suggest that the Prosecution make this material also available. I think that the articles of _Der Stürmer_ which have been referred to must show what the sources are from which Streicher was supplied.

THE PRESIDENT: Do the articles show the sources? Do the articles themselves indicate the sources?

DR. MARX: Yes.

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: I should have said so. There wasn’t any intention to misrepresent the matter, that these pictures are taken from original pictures. These were not invented by the newspaper, and in some cases the sources are shown in the caption. This is a collection of medieval pictures and frescoes dealing with this matter. In actual fact the papers show in almost all cases where they come from.

DR. MARX: Thank you.

THE PRESIDENT: You have already given us the dates of them, which indicated they were medieval.

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: That is so. My Lord, in January 1938—and it will be remembered that in 1938 the persecution of the Jews became more and more severe—in January 1938, for some reason or other, another special issue of _Der Stürmer_ was published. If the Tribunal would look at Page 34 of their document book I will quote a short passage from the leading article in that paper—an article written by the defendant:

“The supreme aim and highest task of the State is therefore to
preserve People, Blood, and Race. But if this is the supreme
task, any crime against this law must be punished with the
supreme penalty. _Der Stürmer_ takes therefore the view that
there are only two punishments for the crime of polluting the
race: 1. Long-term penal servitude for attempted race pollution.
2. Death for the completed crime.”

And again, indeed if it is now still necessary to show the type of paper this was, if the Tribunal will turn over to the next page they will see the headlines set out for some of the articles that are contained in that edition:

“Jewish Race Polluters at Work.”

“Fifteen-Year-Old Non-Jewess Violated.”

“A Dangerous Race Polluter. He regards German women as fair game
for himself.”

“The Jewish Sanatorium. A Jewish institution for the cultivation
of race pollution.”

“Rape of a Feeble-Minded Girl.”

“The Jewish Butler. He steals from his Jewish masters and
commits race pollution.”

The copy of that paper is already in as Exhibit USA-260.

On the next page of the document book I will quote only the last two lines. It is an article appearing in _Der Stürmer_; and it is true that it is not an article actually written by the Defendant Streicher but by his then editor, Karl Holz:

“Revenge will break loose one day and will exterminate Jewry
from the face of the earth.”

And again on Page 37, in September 1938, _Der Stürmer_ has written an article in which the last two lines read as follows:

“. . . a parasite, a mischief maker, an evil-doer, a
disseminator of disease, who must be destroyed in the interest
of mankind.”

It is my submission to the Tribunal that this is no longer propaganda for the persecution of the Jews; this is propaganda for the extermination of Jews, for the murder not of one man but of millions.

The next document in the document book, on Page 38, has already been put in evidence and read to the Tribunal. It is Exhibit USA-260. It appears in the document book and was read into the transcript at Page 1438 (Volume III, Page 523). This is a short article appearing in December 1938, Number 50 of _Der Stürmer_.

I would draw the Tribunal’s attention to the next document which is a picture taken from that same copy. It shows the upper part of a girl’s body being strangled by the arms of a man with his hands around her neck and the shadow of the man’s face is shown against the background, quite obviously with Jewish features. The caption under that picture is as follows:

“Castration for Race Polluters. Only heavy penalties will
preserve our womenfolk from a tighter grip from the loathsome
Jewish claws. The Jews are our misfortune.”

I pause for the moment from _Der Stürmer_ to a particular incident that occurred, in which the Defendant Streicher took a leading part. It will be remembered that the organized demonstrations against the Jews took place the 9th and 10th of November 1938. All this propaganda, as I say, was becoming fiercer and more ferocious. In the autumn of that year the Defendant Streicher organized the breaking up of the Nuremberg synagogues on the occasion of a meeting of press representatives in Nuremberg. That incident has in fact been referred to previously in this case and the documents in connection with it are 1724-PS, which were put in as Exhibit USA-266 and were referred to and read in the transcript at Page 1443 (Volume III, Page 526).

Gauleiter Julius Streicher was personally to set the crane in motion with which the Jewish symbols were to be torn down from the synagogue. From another document which also was put in, 2711-PS, which became USA-267, and also was read in the transcript at Page 1443 (Volume III, Page 526), I quote two lines:

“. . . the Synagogue is demolished! Julius Streicher himself
inaugurates the work by a speech lasting an hour and a half. By
his order then—so to speak as a prelude of the demolition—the
tremendous Star of David came off the cupola.”

The defendant, of course, took active part in the November demonstrations of that year. I do not suggest that he was responsible for the idea of them. The evidence against him is confined only to the part that he took in his Gau in Franconia.

On Page 43 of the document book, Document M-42 is an account of the Nuremberg demonstrations as they were reported in the _Fränkische Tageszeitung_, which of course was his paper, on the 11th of November. I quote:

“In Nuremberg and Fürth there were demonstrations by the crowd
against the Jewish murderers. These lasted until the early hours
of the morning. Long enough had one watched the doings of the
Jews in Germany.”

And then I go to the last three lines of that paragraph:

“After midnight the excitement of the populace reached its peak
and a large crowd marched to the synagogues in Nuremberg and
Fürth and burned these two Jewish buildings where the murder of
Germans had been preached.

“The fire brigades, which had been notified immediately, saw to
it that the fire was confined to the original outbreak. The
windows of the Jewish shopkeepers, who still had not given up
hope of selling their rubbish to the stupid Gojim, were smashed.
Thanks to the disciplined behaviour of the SA-men and the
police, who rushed to the scene, there was no plundering.”

That becomes Exhibit GB-174.

The following document in the document book is the report of Streicher’s speech on the 10th of November, the day of the demonstration. I will quote from two paragraphs on that page—or rather, starting in the middle of the first paragraph:

“From the cradle the Jew is not taught, as we are, such texts as
‘Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself’ or ‘Whosoever shall
smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.’ No,
he is told ‘With the non-Jew you can do whatever you like.’ He
is even taught that the slaughtering of a non-Jew is an act
pleasing to God. For 20 years we have been writing about this in
_Der Stürmer_; for 20 years we have been preaching it throughout
the world, and we have made millions recognize the truth.”

I go to the last paragraph:

“The Jew slaughtered in one night 75,000 Persians; when he
emigrated from Egypt he killed all the first-born, that is, a
whole future generation of Egyptians. What would have happened
if the Jew had succeeded in driving the nations into war against
us, and if we had lost the war? The Jew, protected by foreign
bayonets, would have fallen on us and would have slaughtered and
murdered us. Never forget what history teaches.”

My Lord, after the November demonstrations irregularities occurred in the Gau of Franconia in connection with the organized Aryanization of Jewish property. Aryanization of Jewish property was, of course, regulated by the State; and under a decree it had been laid down that the proceeds, or any proceeds that there might be, from taking over Jewish properties and giving them to Aryans—all such proceeds were to go to the State. What apparently happened in Franconia was that a good deal of the proceeds never found their way as far as the State, and as a result Göring set up a commission to investigate what had taken place. We have the report of that commission, and I would refer the Tribunal to certain short passages in it. On Page 45, we see from that report exactly what had been taking place in this Defendant Streicher’s Gau. I quote from the paragraph, opposite where it says “Page 13”. . .

DR. MARX: As proof of the irregularities which occurred in connection with the Aryanization in Nuremberg after the 9th of November, the prosecutor intends to quote a report which the Deputy Gauleiter Holz made when he was interrogated before the examining commission. I wish to protest against making use of this report. Between Streicher and the Deputy Gauleiter Holz there existed real tension if not enmity. The Deputy Gauleiter Holz was the very person responsible for the measures of Aryanization. It is not at all proved that Streicher had agreed to these measures being undertaken. It is rather to be assumed that Holz, in order to cover himself, made statements here which he himself could not answer for if he were to appear here as witness today. Therefore, in this report of Holz it is a question of statements made by a man who was deeply involved in this matter, a man who participated in these deeds, and a man who was an enemy of the Defendant Streicher. Holz incriminated Streicher because Streicher did not protect him in front of the commission and from the then Minister President Göring. Therefore I do not think that this report should be used.

THE PRESIDENT: Have you said what you wished to say?

DR. MARX: Yes, Mr. President.

THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal considers that this document, being an official document, is admissible under Article 21 and that the objections which you have made to it are not objections which go to its admissibility as evidence but go to its weight; and as to that, you will have an opportunity to develop your objections at a later stage when you come to speak. The Tribunal rules that the document is admissible.

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: My Lord, I read from the center of that Page 45 of the document book:

“After the November demonstrations the Deputy Gauleiter Holz
took up the Jewish question. His reasons can be given here in
detail on the basis of his statement of 25th March 1939:

“The 9th and 10th of November 1938. During the night of the 9th
to the 10th of November and on the 10th of November 1938, events
took place throughout Germany which I”—and I emphasize that
that is Holz speaking—“considered to be the signal for a
completely different treatment of the Jewish question in
Germany. Synagogues and Jewish schools were burnt down and
Jewish property was smashed both in shops and in private houses.
Besides this, a large number of prominent Jews were taken to
concentration camps by the police. Towards midday we discussed
these events in the Gauleiter’s house. All of us were of the
opinion that we now faced a completely new state of affairs on
the Jewish question. By the great action against the Jews
carried out in the night and morning of the 10th of November all
precedents and all laws on this subject had been made
meaningless. We were of the opinion (particularly I myself) that
we should now act on our own initiative in this respect. I
proposed to the Gauleiter that in view of the great existing
lack of housing the best thing would be to put the Jews into a
kind of internment camp. Then the houses would become free at
once; and the housing shortage would be relieved, at least in
part. Besides that, we should have the Jews under control and
supervision! I added ‘The same thing happened to our prisoners
of war and war internees.’

“The Gauleiter said that this suggestion was for the time being
unfeasible. Thereupon I made a new proposal to him. I said to
him that I considered it unthinkable that, after the Jews had
had their property smashed, they should still be able to own
houses and land. I proposed that these houses and this land
ought to be taken away from them, and declared myself ready to
carry through such an action. I declared that by the
Aryanization of Jewish land and houses a large sum could accrue
to the Gau out of the proceeds. I named some millions of marks.
I stated that, in my opinion, this Aryanization could be carried
out as legally as the Aryanization of shops. The Gauleiter’s
answer was something to this effect: ‘If you think you can carry
this out, do so. The sum gained will then be used to build a Gau
school.’”

I go down now to where it says “Page 18”:

“The Aryanization was accomplished by the alienation of
properties, the surrender of claims, especially mortgage claims,
and reductions in buying price.

“The payment allowed the Jews was basically 10 percent of the
nominal value or nominal sum of the claim. As a justification
for these low prices, Holz claimed, at the Berlin meeting of the
6th of February 1939, that the Jews had mostly bought their
property during the inflation period for less than a tenth of
its value. As has been shown by investigating a large number of
individual cases selected at random, this claim is not true.”

My Lord, I would turn to Page 48 of the document book, which appears in the second part of this report, and that part of the report is really the part containing the findings of the commission. I quote from the top of the page, Page 48 of the document book . . .

THE PRESIDENT: Is this still part of the report?

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: This is still part of the report. It is, in fact, as I say, the findings of the commission.

“Gauleiter Streicher likes to beat people with a riding whip but
only if he is in the company of several persons assisting him.
In most cases the beatings are carried out with sadistic
brutality.

“The best known case is that of Steinruck, whom he beat in the
prison cell until the blood came, together with Deputy Gauleiter
Holz and SA Oberführer König. After returning from this scene to
the Deutscher Hof he said, ‘Now I am relieved. I needed that
again!’ Later he also stated several times that he needed
another Steinruck case in order to ‘relieve’ himself.

“In August 1938 he beat the editor Burker at the Gauhaus
together with District Office Leader Schöller and his adjutant,
König.”

To show the authority and power that he held in his Gau, I refer to the last paragraph on that page:

“According to reports of reliable witnesses, Gauleiter Streicher
is in the habit of pointing out on the most varied occasions
that he alone gives orders in the district of Franconia. For
instance, at a meeting in the Colosseum in Nuremberg in 1935 he
said that nobody could remove him from office. In a meeting at
Herkules Hall, where he described how he had beaten Professor
Steinruck, he emphasized that he would not let himself be beaten
by anybody, not even by an Adolf Hitler. . . .

“For, this also must be stated here, in Franconia the Gau acts
first and then orders the absolutely powerless authorities to
approve.”

My Lord, both of those volumes of that report, Document 1757-PS, will become Exhibit GB-175.

THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal isn’t altogether satisfied that that has any bearing on the case against Streicher.

LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: My Lord, it is the object of that document to show the kind of treatment and persecution which the Jews were receiving in the district or Gau over which this defendant ruled and, secondly, to show the absolute authority with which this defendant acted in his district. That is the purpose of that document.

As a result either of that investigation or of some other matter the defendant was relieved of his position as Gauleiter in February 1940, but he did not cease from his propaganda or from the control of his newspaper. I would only quote one further short extract from _Der Stürmer_. An article written by him on the 4th of November 1943, which appears in the document book on Page 53, is Document 1965-PS and becomes Exhibit GB-176; and it is an extract of importance:

“It is actually true that the Jews have so to speak disappeared
from Europe and that the Jewish ‘Reservoir of the East,’ from
which the Jewish pestilence has for centuries beset the peoples
of Europe, has ceased to exist. But the Führer of the German
people at the beginning of the war prophesied what has now come
to pass.”