Chapter X: On the Hill of Hissarlik, June 18th, 1872

A third platform dug--Traces of former excavations by the
Turks--Block of triglyphs, with bas-relief of Apollo--Fall of an
earth-wall--Plan of a trench through the whole hill--Admirable
remains in the lowest stratum but one--The plain and engraved
whorls--Objects of gold, silver, copper, and ivory--Remarkable
terra-cottas--The pottery of the _lowest stratum_ quite distinct
from that of the next above--Its resemblance to the Etruscan, in
quality only--Curious funereal urns--Skeleton of a six months’
embryo--Other remains in the lowest stratum--Idols of fine marble,
the sole exception to the superior workmanship of this stratum--The
houses and palaces of the lowest stratum, of large stones joined
with earth--Disappearance of the first people with the destruction
of their town.

The _second settlers_, of a different civilization--Their buildings
of unburnt brick on stone foundations--These bricks burnt by the
great conflagration--Destruction of the walls of the former
settlers--Live toads coëval with Troy!--Long duration of the
second settlers--Their Aryan descent proved by Aryan
symbols--Various forms of their pottery--Vases in the form of
animals--The whorls of this stratum--Their interesting
devices--Copper weapons and implements, and moulds for casting
them--Terra-cotta seals--Bracelets and ear-rings, of silver, gold,
and electrum--Pins, &c., of ivory and bone--Fragments of a
lyre--Various objects.

The _third stratum_: the remains of an Aryan race--Hardly a trace
of metal--Structure of their houses--Their stone implements and
terra-cottas coarser--Various forms of pottery--Remarkable
_terra-cotta balls_ with astronomical and religious
symbols--Whorls--Stone weapons--Whetstones--Hammers and instruments
of diorite--A well belonging to this people--This third town
destroyed with its people.

The _fourth settlers_: comparatively savage, but still of Aryan
race--Whorls with like emblems, but of a degenerate form--Their
pottery inferior, but with some curious forms--Idols of
Athena--Articles of copper--Few stones--Charred remains, indicating
wooden buildings--Stone weights, handmills, and knives and saws of
flint--With this people the pre-Hellenic ages end--The stone
buildings and painted and plain terra-cottas of _Greek Ilium_--Date
of the Greek colony--Signs that the old inhabitants were not
extirpated--The whorls of very coarse clay and patterns--Well, and
jars for water and wine--Proofs of the regular succession of
nations on the hill--Reply to the arguments of M. Nikolaïdes for
the site at Bunarbashi--The Simoïs, Thymbrius, and Scamander--The
tomb of Ajax at In-Tépé--Remains in it--Temple of Ajax and town of
Aianteum--Tomb of Achilles and town of Achilleum--Tombs of
Patroclus and Antilochus--The Greek camp--The tomb of Batiea or
Myrina--Further discussion of the site 143