Chapter XI: On the Hill of Hissarlik, July 13th, 1872

Increase of men and machinery and cost on the works: but slow
progress--Continued hurricane on “the windy Ilium” (Ἴλιος
ἠνεμόεσσα)--The great platform proves too high--New
cutting--Excavation of the temple--Objects found--Greek statuettes
in terra-cotta--Many whorls with 卐 and suns--Wheel-shaped whorls
with simple patterns in the lowest strata--Terra-cotta balls with
suns and stars--Use of the whorls as amulets or coins
discussed--Little bowls, probably lamps--Other articles of
pottery--Funnels--A terra-cotta bell--Various beautiful
terra-cottas--Attempts at forgery by the workmen--Mode of naming
the men--The springs in front of Ilium--Question of Homer’s hot and
cold spring--Course of the Simoïs--The tomb of Batiea or Myrina
identified with the Pacha Tépé--Theatre of Lysimachus--Heat and
wind--Plague of insects and scorpions--Konstantinos Kolobos, a
native genius without feet 184

CHAPTER XII.

_Pergamus of Troy, August 4th, 1872._

Discovery of an ancient wall on the northern slope--Discovery of a
Tower on the south side--Its position and construction--It is
Homer’s _Great Tower of Ilium_--Manner of building with stones and
earth--A Greek inscription--Remarkable medal of the age of
Commodus--Whorls found just below the surface--Terra-cottas found
at small depths--Various objects found at the various depths--A
skeleton, with ornaments of gold, which have been exposed to a
great heat--Paucity of human remains, as the Trojans burnt their
dead--No trace of pillars--Naming of the site as “Ilium” and the
“Pergamus of Troy” 200

CHAPTER XIII.

_Pergamus of Troy, August 14th, 1872._

Intended cessation of the work--Further excavation of the
Tower--Layers of red ashes and calcined stones--Objects found on
the Tower--Weapons, implements, and ornaments of stone, copper, and
silver--Bones--Pottery and vases of remarkable forms--Objects found
on each side of the Tower--First rain for four months--Thanks for
escape from the constant dangers--Results of the excavations--The
site of Homer’s Troy identified with that of Greek Ilium--Error of
the Bunarbashi theory--Area of the Greek city--Depth of the
accumulated _débris_ unexampled in the world--Multitude of
interesting objects brought to light--Care in making drawings of
them all 212

CHAPTER XIV.

_Athens, September 28th, 1872._

Return to Troy to take plans and photographs--Damage to retaining
walls--The unfaithfulness of the watchman--Stones carried off for a
neighbouring church and houses--Injury by rain--Works for security
during the winter--Opening up of a retaining wall on the side of
the hill, probably built to support the temple of Athena--Supposed
_débris_ of that temple--Drain belonging to it--Doric style of the
temple proved by the block of Triglyphs--Temple of Apollo also on
the Pergamus 220

_WORK AT HISSARLIK IN 1873._

CHAPTER XV.

_Pergamus of Troy, February 22nd, 1873._

Return to Hissarlik in 1873--Interruptions by holydays and
weather--Strong cold north winds--Importance of good overseers--An
artist taken to draw the objects found--Want of
workmen--Excavations on the site of the Temple--Blocks of Greek
sculptured marble--Great increase of the hill to the east--Further
portions of the great Trojan wall--Traces of fire--A terra-cotta
hippopotamus, a sign of intercourse with Egypt--Idols and owl-faced
vases--Vases of very curious forms--Whorls--Sling-bullets of copper
and stone--Piece of ornamented ivory belonging to a musical
instrument--New cutting from S.E to N.W.--Walls close below the
surface--Wall of Lysimachus--Monograms on the stones--An
inscription in honour of Caius Cæsar--Patronage of Ilium by the
Julii as the descendants of Æneas--Good wine of the Troad 224

CHAPTER XVI.

_Pergamus of Troy, March 1st, 1873._

Increased number of workmen--Further uncovering of the great
buttress--Traces of a supposed small temple--Objects found on its
site--Terra-cotta serpents’ heads: great importance attached to the
serpent--Stone implements: hammers of a peculiar form--Copper
implements: a sickle--Progress of the works at the south-east
corner--Remains of an aqueduct from the Thymbrius--Large jars, used
for cellars--Ruins of the Greek temple of Athena--Two important
inscriptions discussed--Relations of the Greek Syrian Kings
Antiochus I. and III. to Ilium 233

CHAPTER XVII.

_Pergamus of Troy, March 15th, 1873._

Spring weather in the Plain of Troy--The Greek temple of
Athena--Numerous fragments of sculpture--Reservoir of the
temple--Excavation of the Tower--Difficulties of the work--Further
discoveries of walls--Stone implements at small depths--Important
distinction between the plain and decorated whorls--Greek and Roman
coins--Absence of iron--Copper nails: their peculiar forms:
probably dress and hair pins: some with heads and beads of gold and
electrum--Original height of the Tower--Discovery of a Greek
house--Various types of whorls--Further remarks on the Greek
bas-relief--It belonged to the temple of Apollo--Stones from the
excavations used for building in the villages around--Fever 248

CHAPTER XVIII.

_Pergamus of Troy, March 22nd, 1873._

Weather and progress of the work--The lion-headed handle of a
sceptre--Lions formerly in the Troad--Various objects
found--Pottery--Implements of stone and copper--Whorls--Balls
curiously decorated--Fragments of musical instruments--Remains of
house walls--The storks of the Troad 259

CHAPTER XIX.

_Pergamus of Troy, March 29th, 1873._

Splendid vases found on the Tower--Other articles--Human skull,
bones, and ashes, found in an urn--New types of whorls--Greek
votive discs of diorite--Moulds of mica-schist--The smaller
quantity of copper than of stone implements explained--Discussion
of the objection, that stone implements are not mentioned by
Homer--Reply to Mr. Calvert’s article--Flint knives found in the
Acropolis of Athens--A narrow escape from fire 266

CHAPTER XX.

_Pergamus of Troy, April 5th, 1873._

Discovery of a large house upon the Tower--Marks of a great
conflagration--Primitive Altar: its very remarkable position--Ruins
of the temple of Athena--A small cellar--Skeletons of warriors
with copper helmets and a lance--Structure of the
helmet-crests--Terra-cottas--A crucible with copper still in
it--Other objects--Extreme fineness of the engravings on the
whorls--Pottery--Stone implements--Copper pins and other objects
276

CHAPTER XXI.

_Pergamus of Troy, April 16th, 1873._

Discovery of a street in the Pergamus--Three curious stone walls of
different periods--Successive fortifications of the hill--Remains
of ancient houses under the temple of Athena, that have suffered a
great conflagration--Older house-walls below these, and a wall of
fortification--Store, with the nine colossal jars--The great
Altar--Objects found east of the Tower--Pottery with Egyptian
hieroglyphics--Greek and other terra-cottas, &c.--Remarkable
owl-vase--Handle, with an ox-head--Various very curious objects--A
statue of one Metrodorus by Pytheas of Argos, with an
inscription--Another Greek inscription, in honour of C. Claudius
Nero 287