Chapter XIII: Part 13

Al¶gaÏzel· (?), n. [Ar. al the + ghaz¾l.] (Zo”l.) The true gazelle. Al¶geÏbra (?), n. [LL. algebra, fr. Ar. alÐjebr reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara to bind together, consolidate; alÐjebr w'almuq¾balah reduction and comparison (by equations): cf. F. algŠbre, It. & Sp. algebra.] 1. (Math.) That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of magnitude. 2. A treatise on this science. Al·geÏbra¶ic (?), Al·geÏbra¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of algebra, or deduced from such operation; as, algebraic characters; algebraical writings. Algebraic curve, a curve such that the equation which expresses the relation between the co”rdinates of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; Ð opposed to a transcendental curve. Al·geÏbra¶icÏalÏly, adv. By algebraic process. Al¶geÏbra·ist (?), n. One versed in algebra. Al¶geÏbraÏize (?)(?), v. t. To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form. AlÏge¶riÏan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Algeria. Ð n. A native of Algeria. Al·geÏrine¶ (?), a. Of or pertaining to Algiers or Algeria. Al·geÏrine¶, n. A native or one of the people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate. Al¶gid (?), a. [L. algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F. algide.] Cold; chilly. Bailey. ÷ cholera (Med.), Asiatic cholera. AlÏgid¶iÏty (?), n. Chilliness; coldness; especially (Med.), coldness and collapse. Al¶gidÏness (?), n. Algidity. [Obs.] AlÏgif¶ic (?), a. [L. algificus, fr. algus cold + facere to make.] Producing cold. Al¶goid (?), a. [L. alga + Ïoid.] Of the nature of, or resembling, an alga. Al¶gol (?), n. [Ar. alÐgh?l destruction, calamity, fr. gh¾la to take suddenly, destroy.] (Astron.) A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness. Al·goÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to algology; as, algological specimens. AlÏgol¶oÏgist (?), n. One learned about alg‘; a student of algology. AlÏgol¶oÏgy (?), n. [L. alga seaweed + Ïlogy.] (Bot.) The study or science of alg‘ or seaweeds. AlÏgon¶quin (?), AlÏgon¶kin (?), } n. One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence. Ø Al¶gor (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Cold; chilliness. Al¶goÏrism (?), Al¶goÏrithm (?), } n. [OE. algorism, algrim, augrim, OF. algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp. algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL. algorismus), fr. the Ar. alÐKhow¾rezmÆ of Khow¾rezm, the modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus¾, author of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin, such books bearing the name algorismus. The spelling with th is due to a supposed connection with Gr. ? number.] 1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero. 2. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc. Al¶gous (?), a. [L. algosus, fr. alga seaweed.] Of or pertaining to the alg‘, or seaweeds; abounding with, or like, seaweed. Ø Al·guaÏzil¶ (?)(?), n. [Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwazÆr the vizier. Cf. Vizier.] An inferior officer of justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable. Prescott. Al¶gum (?), n. Same as Almug (and etymologically preferable). 2 Chron. ii. 8. AlÏham¶bra (?), n. [Ultimately fr. Ar. al the + hamr¾ red; i. e., the red (sc. house).] The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada. Al·hamÏbra¶ic (?), Al·hamÏbresque¶ (?; 277), } a. Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture. Ø AlÏhen¶na (?), n. See Henna. A¶liÏas (?), adv. [L., fr. alius. See Else.] (Law) (a) Otherwise; otherwise called; Ð a term used in legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson. (b) At another time. A¶liÏas, n.; pl. Aliases (?). [L., otherwise, at another time.] (Law) (a) A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has expired without effect. (b) Another name; an assumed name. Al¶iÏbi (?), n. [L., elsewhere, at another place. See Alias.] (Law) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an alibi; to prove an alibi. Al·iÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. Quality of being alible. Al¶iÏble (?), a. [L. alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.] Nutritive; nourishing. Al¶iÏcant (?), n. A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; Ð said to have been made near Alicant, in Spain. J. Fletcher. Al¶iÏdade (?), n. [LL. alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar. alÏ'id¾da a sort of rule: cf. F. alidade.] The portion of a graduated instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the instrument Whewell. Al¶ien (?), a. [OF. alien, L. alienus, fr. alius another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See Else.] 1. Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies, property, shores. 2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (with); incongruous; Ð followed by from or sometimes by to; as, principles alien from our religion. An alien sound of melancholy. Wordsworth. ÷ enemy (Law), one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours. Abbott. Al¶ien, n. 1. A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreignÐborn resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See Alienage. 2. One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's mercies. Aliens from the common wealth of Israel. Ephes. ii. 12. Al¶ien, v. t. [F. ali‚ner, L. alienare.] To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership. [R.] ½It the son alien lands.¸ Sir M. Hale. The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of... the marriage. Clarendon. Al·ienÏaÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. Capability of being alienated. ½The alienability of the domain.¸ Burke. Al¶ienÏaÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. ali‚nable.] Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the state. Al¶ienÏage (?), n. [Cf. OF. ali‚nage.] 1. The state or legal condition of being an alien. µ The disabilities of alienage are removable by naturalization or by special license from the State of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of intention of naturalization. Kent. Wharton. Estates forfeitable on account of alienage. Story. 2. The state of being alienated or transferred to another. Brougham.

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Al¶ienÏate (?), a. [L. alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr. alienus. See Alien, and cf. Aliene.] Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; Ð with from. O alienate from God. Milton.

Al¶ienÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alienated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alienating.] 1. To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of. 2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; Ð with from. The errors which... alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart. Macaulay. The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present. I. Taylor. Al¶ienÏate (?), n. A stranger; an alien. [Obs.] Al·ienÏa¶tion (?), n. [F. ali‚nation, L. alienatio, fr. alienare, fr. alienare. See Alienate.] 1. The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated. 2. (Law) A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to another. 3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections. The alienation of his heart from the king. Bacon. 4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity; as, alienation of mind. Syn. - Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See Insanity. Al¶ienÏa¶tor (?), n. One who alienates. AlÏiene (?), v. t. To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to aliene an estate. Al¶ienÏee¶ (?), n. (Law) One to whom the title of property is transferred; Ð opposed to alienor. It the alienee enters and keeps possession. Blackstone. Al¶ienÏism (?), n. 1. The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage. The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism. Kent. 2. The study or treatment of diseases of the mind. Al¶ienÏist (?), n. [F. ali‚niste.] One who treats diseases of the mind. Ed. Rev. Al·ienÏor¶ (?), n. [OF. ali‚neur.] One who alienates or transfers property to another. Blackstone. Al·iÏeth¶moid (?), Al·iÏethÏmoid¶al (?), } a. [L. ala wing + E. ethomoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or ?artilage. AÏlife¶ (?), adv. [Cf. lief dear.] On my life; dearly. [Obs.] ½I love that sport alife.¸ Beau. & Fl. AÏlif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. ala wing + Ïferous.] Having wings, winged; aligerous. [R.] Al¶iÏform (?), a. [L. ala wing + Ïform.] WingÏshaped; winglike. AÏlig¶erÏous (?), a. [L. aliger; ala wing + gerere to carry.] Having wings; winged. [R.] AÏlight¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alighted (?) sometimes Alit (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alighting.] [OE. alihten, fr. AS. ¾lÆhtan; pref. ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, G. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + lÆhtan, to alight, orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr. lÆht, leoht, light. See Light, v. i.] 1. To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount. 2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof. 3. To come or chance (upon). [R.] AÏlight¶, a. [Pref. aÏ + light.] Lighted; lighted up; in a flame. ½The lamps were alight.¸ Dickens. AÏlign¶ (?), v. t. [F. aligner; … (L. ad) + ligne (L. linea) line. See Line, and cf. Allineate.] To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to aline. AÏlign¶, v. t. To form in line; to fall into line. AÏlign¶ment (?), n. [F. alignement.] 1. The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation of troops or of a squadron. 2. (Engin.) The groundÏplan of a railway or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile. AÏlike¶ (?), a. [AS. onlÆc, gelÆc; pref. ¾ + like.] Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.] The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Ps. cxxxix. 12. AÏlike¶, adv. [AS. gelÆce, onlÆce.] In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally; as, we are all alike concerne? in religion. AÏlike¶Ðmind·ed (?), a. LikeÐminded. [Obs.] Al¶iÏment (?), n. [L. alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish: cf. F. aliment. See Old.] 1. That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life generally: sustenance; means of support. Aliments of thei? sloth and weakness. Bacon. 2. An allowance for maintenance. [Scot.] Al¶iÏment, v. t. 1. To nourish; to support. 2. To provide for the maintenance of. [Scot.] Al·iÏmen¶tal (?), a. Supplying food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials for natural growth; as, alimental sap. A·liÏmen¶talÏly, adv. So as to serve for nourishment or food; nourishing quality. Sir T. Browne.

Al·iÏmen¶taÏriÏness (?), n. The quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality. [R.] Al·iÏmen¶taÏry (?), a. [L. alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F. alimentaire.] Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental; as, alimentary substances. ÷ canal, the entire channel, extending from the mouth to the ?nus, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts ejected. Al·iÏmenÏta¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.] 1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the function of the alimentary canal. 2. State or mode of being nourished. Bacon. Al·iÏmen¶tiveÏness (?), n. The instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly in Phrenol.] Al·iÏmo¶niÏous (?), a. Affording food; nourishing. [R.] ½Alimonious humors.¸ Harvey. Al¶iÏmoÏny (?), n. [L. alimonia, alimonium, nourishment, sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.] 1. Maintenance; means of living. 2. (Law) An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the same. Wharton. Burrill. Al·iÏna¶sal (?), a. [L. ala wing + E. nasal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the nasal bone or cartilage. AÏline¶ (?), v. t. To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align. Evelyn. AÏlin·eÏa¶tion (?), n. See Allineation. AÏline¶ment (?), n. Same as Alignment. The Eng. form alinement is preferable to alignment, a bad spelling of the Fr[ench]. New Eng. Dict. (Murray). AÏlin¶er (?), n. One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line. Evelyn. Al¶iÏoth (?), n. [Ar. aly¾t the tail of a fat sheep.] (Astron.) A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in the Dipper. Al¶iÏped (?), a. [L. alipes; ala wing + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. alipŠde.] (Zo”l.) WingÏfooted, as the bat. Ð n. An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat. Al¶iÏquant (?), a. [L. aliquantus some, moderate; alius other + quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.] (Math.) An aliquant part of a number or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. Opposed to aliquot. Al¶iÏquot (?), a. [L. aliquot some, several; alius other + quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.] (Math.) An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 15. Opposed to aliquant. Al·iÏsep¶tal (?), a. [L. ala wing + E. septal.] (Anat.) Relating to expansions of the nasal septum. Al¶ish (?), a. Like ale; as, an alish taste. Al·iÏsphe¶noid (?), Al·iÏspheÏnoid¶al (?), } a. [L. ala wing + E. sphenoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to or forming the wing of the sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; as, alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid canal. Al·iÏsphe¶noid, n. (Anat.) The ~ bone. Al¶iÏtrunk (?), n. [L. ala wing + truncus trunk.] (Zo”l.) The segment of the body of an insect to which the wings are attached; the thorax. Kirby. Al·iÏtur¶gicÏal (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + liturgical.] (Eccl.) Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not offered. Shipley. Ø A·liÏun¶de (?), adv. & a. [L.] (Law) From another source; from elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde; evidence aliunde. AÏlive¶ (?), a. [OE. on live, AS. on lÆfe in life; lÆfe being dat. of lÆf life. See Life, and cf. Live, a.] 1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a plant which is alive. 2. In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire alive; to keep the affections alive. 3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings; swarming; thronged. The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with muskets and green boughs. Macaulay.

4. Sprightly; lively; brisk. Richardson. 5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive. Tremblingly alive to nature's laws. Falconer. 6. Of all living (by way of emphasis). Northumberland was the proudest man alive. Clarendon. Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man alive! µ Alive always follows the noun which it qualifies. Ø A·liÏza¶ri (?), n. [Perh. fr. Ar. 'a?¾rah juice extracted from a plant, fr. 'a?ara to press.] (Com.) The madder of the Levant. Brande & C. AÏliz¶aÏrin (?), n. [F. alizarine, fr. alizari.] (Chem.) A coloring principle, C14H6O2 (OH)2, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds. Al¶kaÏhest (?), n. [LL. alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by Paracelsus.] The fabled ½universal solvent¸ of the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all bodies. Ð Al·kaÏhes¶tic (?), a. Al·kalÏam¶ide (?), n. [Alkali + amide.] (Chem.) One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or radicals. Al·kaÏles·cence (?), Al·kaÏles¶cenÏcy (?), } n. A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to predominant. Ure. Al·kaÏles¶cent (?), a. [Cf. F. alcalescent.] Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline. Al¶kaÏli (?; 277), n. pl. Alkalis or Alkalies (?). [F. alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. alqalÆ ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a pan, fry.] 1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc. 2. (Chem.) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue. Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. Ð Vegetable alkalies. Same as Alkaloids. Ð Volatile ~, ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed alkalies. Al¶kaÏliÏfi·aÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. alcalifiable.] Capable of being alkalified, or converted into an alkali. Al¶kaÏliÏfy (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalifying.] [Alkali + Ïfly: cf. F. alcalifier.] To convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to. Al¶kaÏliÏfy, v. i. To become changed into an alkali. Al·kaÏlim¶eÏter (?), n. [Alkali + Ïmeter. cf. F. alcalimŠtre.] An instrument to ascertain the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a mixture. Al·kaÏliÏmet¶ric (?), Al·kaÏliÏmet¶ricÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to alkalimetry. Al·kaÏlim¶eÏtry (?), n. [Cf. F. alcalimŠtrie.] (Chem.) The art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity present in alkaline mixtures. Al¶kaÏline (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. alcalin.] Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali. ÷ earths, certain substances, as lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities of alkalies. Ð ÷ metals, potassium, sodium, c‘sium, lithium, rubidium. Ð ÷ reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the action on limits, turmeric, etc. Al·kaÏlin¶iÏty (?), n. The quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property. Thomson. AlÏka¶liÏous (?), a. Alkaline. [Obs.] Al¶kaÏliÏzate (?), a. Alkaline. [Obs.] Boyle. Al¶kaÏliÏÏzate (?), v. t. To alkalizate. [R.] Johnson. Al·kaÏliÏza¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. alcalisation.] The act rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline qualities. Al¶kaÏlize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalizing (?).] [Cf. F. alcaliser.] To render alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to. Al¶kaÏloid (?), Al·kaÏloid¶al (?), } a. [Alkali + Ïoid: cf. F. alcalo‹de.] Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali. Al¶kaÏloid (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals. µ Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and narcotine are alkaloids found in opium. Al¶kaÏnet (?), n. [Dim. of Sp. alcana, alhe?a, in which al is the Ar. article. See Henna, and cf. Orchanet.] 1. (Chem.) A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red color. 2. (Bot.) (a) A boraginaceous herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye; orchanet. (b) The similar plant Anchusa officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon. AlÏkar¶gen (?), n. [Alkarsin + oxygen.] (Chem.) Same as Cacodylic acid. AlÏkar¶sin (?), n. [Alkali + arsenic + Ïin.] (Chem.) A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; Ð called also Cadel's fuming liquid. AlÏka¶zar (?)(?). See Alcazar. Al·keÏken¶gi (?), n. [Cf. F. alk‚kenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately fr. Ar. alÐk¾kanj a kind of resin from Herat.] (Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; Ð also called winter cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry tomato. D. C. Eaton. AlÏker¶mes (?), n. [Ar. alÐqirmiz kermes. See Kermes.] (Old Pharmacy) A compound cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the kermes insect, its principal ingredient. Al¶koÏran (?; 277), n. The Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and Koran. Al·koÏran¶ic (?), a. Same as Alcoranic. Al·koÏran¶ist, n. Same as Alcoranist. All (?), a. [OE. al, pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle, Northumbrian alle, akin to D. & OHG. al, Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al, Sw. all, Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and Gael. uile, W. oll.] 1. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength; all happiness; all abundance; loss of all power; beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all of us). Prove all things: hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. v. 21. 2. Any. [Obs.] ½Without all remedy.¸ Shak. µ When the definite article ½the,¸ or a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that all qualifies, all precedes the article or the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property; all other joys. This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died, all Judea and all the region round about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or very great numbers. 3. Only; alone; nothing but. I was born to speak all mirth and no matter. Shak. All the whole, the whole (emphatically). [Obs.] ½All the whole army.¸ Shak. All, adv. 1. Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as, all bedewed; my friend is all for amusement. ½And cheeks all pale.¸ Byron.

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µ In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all too much, all so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive. 2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.] All as his straying flock he fed. Spenser. A damsel lay deploring All on a rock reclined. Gay. All to, or AllÐto. In such phrases as ½all to rent,¸ all to break,¸ ½allÐto frozen,¸ etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the all and the to have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to entirely, completely, altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word all (as it does in ½all forlorn,¸ and similar expressions), and the to properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG. terÏ, HG. zerÏ). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif says, ½The vail of the temple was to rent:¸ and of Judas, ½He was hanged and toÐburst the middle:¸ i. e., burst in two, or asunder. Ð All along. See under Along. Ð All and some, individually and collectively, one and all. [Obs.] ½Displeased all and some.¸ Fairfax. Ð All but. (a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.] Shak. (b) Almost; nearly.½The fine arts were all but proscribed.¸ Macaulay. Ð All hollow, entirely, completely; as, to beat any one all hollow. [Low] Ð All one, the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing. Ð All over, over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all over. [Colloq.] Ð All the better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference. Ð All the same, nevertheless. ½There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or not.¸ J. C. Shairp. ½But Rugby is a very nice place all the same.¸ T. Arnold. Ð See also under All, n. All (?), n. The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; as, our all is at stake. Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak. All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43. All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all of us. After all, after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless. Ð All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether. Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton.

Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson.

All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake. Ð All told, all counted; in all. Ð And all, and the rest; and everything connected. ½Bring our crown and all.¸ Shak. Ð At all. (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] ½She is a shrew at al(l).¸ Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has he any property at all? ½Nothing at all.¸ Shak. ½It thy father at all miss me.¸ 1 Sam. xx. 6. Ð Over ~, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer. µ All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty, already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, allÐbountiful, allÐglorious, allimportant, allÐsurrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, allpower, allÐgiver. Anciently many words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which are now written separately. All, conj. [Orig. all, adv., wholly: used with though or if, which being dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the sense although.] Although; albeit. [Obs.] All they were wondrous loth. Spenser. Ø Al·la bre¶ve (?). [It., according to the breve.] (Old Church Music) With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; Ð indicated in the time signature by ?. Ø Al¶lah (?), n. [Ar., contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.] The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally. All·ÐaÐmort¶ (?), a. See Alamort. Al¶lanÏite (?), n. [From T. Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.] (min.) A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition. Al·lanÏto¶ic (?)(?), a. [Cf. F. allanto‹que.] Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois. Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See Allantoin. AlÏlan¶toid (?), Al·lanÏtoid¶al (?), } a. [Gr. ? shaped like a sausage; ? sausage + ? form.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the allantois. Ø Al·lanÏtoid¶eÏa (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo”l.) The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals. AlÏlan¶toÏin (?), n. (Chem.) A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; Ð formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic acid. { Ø AlÏlan¶toÏis (?)(?), AlÏlan¶toid (?), } n. (Anat.) A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, Ð in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle. Al¶laÏtrate (?), v. i. [L. allatrare. See Latrate.] To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Stubbes. AlÏlay¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Allaying.] [OE. alaien, aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. ¾lecgan; ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, G. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of allege, alloy, alegge. See Lay.] 1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions. 2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity. It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak. Syn. - To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate. AlÏlay¶ (?), v. t. To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. ½When the rage allays.¸ Shak. AlÏlay¶, n. Alleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.] AlÏlay¶, n. Alloy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AlÏlay¶, v. t. To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller. AlÏlay¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, allays. AlÏlay¶ment (?), n. An allaying; that which allays; mitigation. [Obs.] The like allayment could I give my grief. Shak. Al¶leÏcret (?), n. [OF. alecret, halecret, hallecret.] A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss. Fairholt. AlÏlect¶ (?), v. t. [L. allectare, freq. of allicere, allectum.] To allure; to entice. [Obs.] Al·lecÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. allectatio.] Enticement; allurement. [Obs.] Bailey. AlÏlec¶tive (?), a. [LL. allectivus.] Alluring. [Obs.] AlÏlec¶tive, n. Allurement. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. AlÏledge¶ (?)(?), v. t. See Allege. [Obs.] µ This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the prevailing one. Al·leÏga¶tion (?), n. [L. allegatio, fr. allegare, allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf. Allege and Adlegation.] 1. The act of alleging or positively asserting. 2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion; formal averment I thought their allegation but reasonable. Steele. 3. (Law) A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, Ð usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved. AlÏlege¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Alleging.] [OE. aleggen to bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel, sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L. allegare (see Allegation), and lex law. Cf. Allay.] 1. To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to allege a fact. 2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge. [Archaic] 3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution against lending. Syn. - To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate. AlÏlege¶, v. t. [See Allay.] To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble. [Obs.] Wyclif. AlÏlege¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being alleged or affirmed. The most authentic examples allegeable in the case. South. AlÏlege¶ance (?), n. Allegation. [Obs.] AlÏlege¶ment (?), n. Allegation. [Obs.] With many complaints and allegements. Bp. Sanderson. AlÏleg¶er (?), n. One who affirms or declares. AlÏlegge¶ (?), v. t. See Alegge and Allay. [Obs.] AlÏle¶giance (?), n. [OE. alegeaunce; pref. aÏ + OF. lige, liege. The meaning was influenced by L. ligare to bind, and even by lex, legis, law. See Liege, Ligeance.] 1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state. 2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science. Syn. - Loyalty; fealty. Ð Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the ½powers that be.¸ Allegiance is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warmÐhearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as, loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion, etc. Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak. So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found,... Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.

AlÏle¶giant (?), a. Loyal. Shak. Al·leÏgor¶ic (?), Al·leÏgor¶icÏal (?), } a. [F. all‚gorique, L. allegorius, fr. Gr. ?. See Allegory.] Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative. ½An allegoric tale.¸ Falconer. ½An allegorical application.¸ Pope. Allegorical being... that kind of language which says one thing, but means another. Max Miller. Ð Al·leÏgor¶icÏalÏly, adv. Ð Al·leÏgor¶icÏalÏness, n. Al¶leÏgoÏrist (?), n. [Cf. F. allegoriste.] One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume. Al·leÏgor¶iÏza¶tion (?), n. The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense. Al¶leÏgoÏrize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allegorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Allegorizing.] [Cf. F. all‚goriser, fr. L. allegorizare.] 1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a people. 2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it. Al¶leÏgoÏrize, v. t. To use allegory. Holland. Al¶leÏgoÏri·zer (?), n. One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist. Al¶leÏgoÏry (?), n.; pl. Allegories (?). [L. allegoria, Gr. ?, description of one thing under the image of another; ? other + ? to speak in the assembly, harangue, ? place of assembly, fr. ? to assemble: cf. F. all‚gorie.] 1. A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. 2. Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem. 3. (Paint. & Sculpt.) A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured. Syn. - Metaphor; fable. Ð Allegory, Parable. ½An allegory differs both from fable and parable, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred. ...A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an allegory. ½I am the Vine, ye are the branches¸ [John xv. 1Ð6] is a spoken allegory. In the parable there is no transference of properties. The parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3Ð23] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and Hi? apostles and disciples.¸ C. J. Smith. An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's ½Pilgrim's Progress¸ and Spenser's ½Fa‰rie Queene¸ are celebrated examples of the allegory. Ø Al·le·gresse¶ (?), n. [F. all‚gresse, fr. L. alacer sprightly.] Joy; gladsomeness. Ø Al·leÏgret¶to (?), a. [It., dim. of allegro.] (Mus.) Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro. Ð n. A movement in this time. Ø AlÏle¶gro (?), a. [It., merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf. Aleger.] (Mus.) Brisk, lively. Ð n. An ~ movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece. Al·leÏlu¶is, Al·leÏlu¶iah } (?), n. [L. alleluia, Gr. ?, fr. Heb. hall?l?Ðy¾h. See Hallelujah.] An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form. I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia. Rev. xix. 1. Ø Al¶leÏmande¶ (?), n. [F., fr. allemand German.] 1. (Mus.) A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; Ð now mostly found in suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel. 2. A figure in dancing. Al·leÏman¶nic (?), a. See Alemannic. AlÏlen¶arÏly (?), adv. [All + anerly singly, fr. ane one.] Solely; only. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Al¶ler (?), a. [For ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.] Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ø AlÏle¶riÏon (?), n. [F. al‚rion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of uncertain origin.] (Her.) Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. Burke. AlÏle¶viÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Alleviating.] [LL. alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See Alegge, Levity.] 1. To lighten or lessen the force or weight of. [Obs. in a literal or general sense.] Should no others join capable to alleviate the expense. Evelyn. Those large bladders... conduce much to the alleviating of the body [of flying birds]. Ray. 2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc.; Ð opposed to aggravate. The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much alleviated by giving the use of letters. Bp. Horsley. 3. To extenuate; to palliate. [R.] He alleviates his fault by an excuse. Johnson. Syn. - To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve; nullify; allay. Ð To Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage, Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image under which this idea is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is lightened or taken off; as,, to alleviate one's cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish. Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted; as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay supposes something previously excited, but now brought down; as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst. To alleviate the distresses of life; to mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay wounded sensibility. AlÏle·viÏa¶tion (?), n. [LL. alleviatio.] 1. The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation; relief.

<-- p. 41 -->

<-- p. 41 --> 2. That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable. I have not wanted such alleviations of life as friendship could supply. Johnson. AlÏle¶viÏaÏtive (?), a. Tending to alleviate. Ð n. That which alleviates. AlÏle¶viÏa·tor (?), n. One who, or that which, alleviaties. AlÏle¶viÏaÏtoÏry (?), a. Alleviative. Carlyle. Al¶ley (?), n.; pl. Alleys (?). [OE. aley, alley, OF. al‚e, F. all‚e, a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller, to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It. andare, Sp. andar.] 1. A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton.