Chapter XXV: Part 25

Box¶en (?), a. Made of boxwood; pertaining to, or resembling, the box (Buxus). [R.] The faded hue of sapless boxen leaves. Dryden. Box¶er (?),n. One who packs boxes. Box¶er ,n. One who boxes; a pugilist. Box¶fish·ÿ(?), n. (Zo”l.) The trunkfish. Box¶haul· (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boxhauled (?).] (Naut.) To put (a vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round on her heel; Ð so called from the circumstance of bracing the head yards abox (i. e., sharp aback, on the wind). Totten. Box¶haul·ing, n. (Naut.) A method of going from one tack to another. See Boxhaul. Box¶ing, n. 1. The act of inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or transportation. 2. Material used in making boxes or casings. 3. Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing. 4. (Arch.) The external case of thin material used to bring any member to a required form. Box¶ing, n. The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist; sparring. Blackstone. Boxing glove, a large padded mitten or glove used in sparring for exercise or amusement. Box¶Ði·ronÿ(?), n. A hollow smoothing iron containing a heater within. Box¶keep·er (?), n. An attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes. Box¶thorn· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lycium, esp. Lycium barbarum. Box¶wood· (?), n. The wood of the box (Buxus). Boy (?), n. [Cf. D. boef, Fries. boi, boy; akin to G. bube, Icel. bofi rouge.] A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a son. My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee. Sir W. Scott. µBoy is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or party. Boy bishop, a boy (usually a chorister) elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. The Old Boy, the Devil. [Slang] Ð Yellow boys, guineas. [Slang, Eng.] Ð Boy's love, a popular English name of Southernwood (Artemisia abrotonum);) Ð called also lad's love. Ð Boy's play, childish amusements; anything trifling. Boy, v. t. To act as a boy; Ð in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage. I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. Shak. BoÐyar¶ (?), BoÐyard¶ (?), n. [Russ. boi rin'.] A member of a Russian aristocratic order abolished by Peter the Great. Also, one of a privileged class in Roumania. µ English writers sometimes call Russian landed proprietors boyars. Ø Boy¶au (?), n.; pl. Boyaux or Boyaus (?). [F. boyau gut, a long and narrow place, and (of trenches) a branch. See Bowel.] (Fort.) A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc. Boy¶cott· (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boycotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boycotting.] [From Captain Boycott, a land agent in Mayo, Ireland, so treated in 1880.] To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to deter other from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott. Boy¶cott, n. The process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of coercion. Boy¶cott·er (?), n. A participant in boycotting. Boy¶cottÐism (?), n. Methods of boycotters. Boy¶deÐkin (?), n. A dagger; a bodkin. [Obs.] Boy¶er (?), n. [D. boeijer; Ð so called because these vessels were employed for laying the boeijen, or buoys: cf. F. boyer. See Buoy.] (Naut.) A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end. Sir W. Raleigh. Boy¶hood (?), n. [Boy + Ðhood.] The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy. Hood. Boy¶ish, a. Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile. A boyish, odd conceit. Baillie. Boy¶ishÐly, adv. In a boyish manner; like a boy. Boy¶ishÐness, n. The manners or behavior of a boy. Boy¶ism (?), n 1. Boyhood. [Obs.] T.Warton. 2. The nature of a boy; childishness. Dryden. Boyle's¶ law·ÿ(?). See under Law. Ø Bo¶za (?), n. [See Bosa.] An acidulated fermented drink of the Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed, darnel meal, and water. [Written also bosa, bozah, bouza.] BraÐbant¶ine (?), a. Pertaining to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands. Brab¶ble (?), v.i. [D. brabbelen to talk confusedly. ?95. Cf. Blab, Babble.] To clamor; to contest noisily. [R.] Brab¶ble, n. A broil; a noisy contest; a wrangle. This petty brabble will undo us all. Shak. Brab¶bleÐment (?), n. A brabble. [r.] Holland. Brab¶blerÿ3, n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. [R] Shak. Brac¶cate (?), a.[L. bracatus wearing breeches, fr. bracae breeches.] (Zo”l.) Furnished with feathers which conceal the feet. Brace (?), n. [OF. brace, brasse, the two arms, embrace, fathom, F. brasse fathom, fr. L. bracchia the arms (stretched out), pl. of bracchium arm; cf. Gr. ?.] 1. That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop. 2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum. The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as the braces of the war drum do in that. Derham. 3. The state of being braced or tight; tension. The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its brace or tension. Holder. 4. (Arch. & Engin.) A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell. 5. (Print.) A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken together; thus, boll, bowl; or, in music, used to connect staves. 6. (Naut.) A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon. 7. (Mech.) A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock. 8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt. ½A brace of greyhounds.¸ Shak. He is said to have shot...fifty brace of pheasants. Addison. A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and religion, now appeared in the church. Fuller. But you, my brace of lords. Shak. 9. pl. Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders. I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of braces. Thackeray. 10. Harness; warlike preparation. [Obs.] For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Shak. 11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace. 12. (Mining) The mouth of a shaft. [Cornwall] Angle brace. See under Angle. Braceÿ(?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Braced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bracing.] 1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam in a building. 2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves. And welcome war to brace her drums. Campbell. 3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly. The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet. Locke. Some who spurs had first braced on. Sir W. Scott. 4. To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the crowd. A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced. Fairfax. 5. (Naut.) To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards. To brace about (Naut.), to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack. ÐTo brace a yard (Naut.), to move it horizontally by means of a brace. Ð To brace in (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather brace. Ð To brace one's self, to call up one's energies. ½He braced himself for an effort which he was little able to make.¸ J.D.Forbes.Ð To brace to (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in tacking. Ð To brace up (Naut.), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of the keel by hauling in the lee brace. Ð To brace up sharp (Naut.), to turn (a yard) as far forward as the rigging will permit. Brace, v.i. To get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; Ðwith up. [Colloq.] Brace¶let (?), n. [F. bracelet, dim. of OF. bracel armlet, prop. little arm, dim. of bras arm, fr. L. bracchium. See Brace,n.] 1. An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by women or girls. 2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm. Johnson. Bra¶cer (?), n. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage. 2. A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string; also, a brassart. Chaucer. 3. A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body. Johnson. Brach (?), n. [OE. brache a kind of scenting hound or setting dog, OF. brache, ? braque, fr. OHG. braccho, G. bracke; possibly akin to E. fragrant, fr. L. fragrare to smell.] A bitch of the hound kind. Shak. Ø BrachÐel¶yÐtra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (?) short + ? a covering.] (Zo”l.) A group of beetles having short elytra, as the rove beetles. ØBrach¶iÐa (?), n. pl. See Brachium. Brach¶iÐal (?) or (?), a. [L. brachialis (bracchÐ), from bracchium (bracchÐ) arm: cf. F. brachial.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining or belonging to the arm; as, the brachial artery; the brachial nerve. 2. Of the nature of an arm; resembling an arm. Ø Brach·iÐa¶ta (?), n. pl. [See Brachiate.] (Zo”l.) A division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long jointed arms. See Crinoidea. Brach¶iÐateÿ(?), a. [L. brachiatus (bracchÐ) with boughs or branches like arms, from brackium (bracchÐ) arm.] (Bot.) Having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles with the next, as in the maple and lilac. Brach·iÐog¶aÐnoid (?), n. One of the Brachioganoidei. Ø Brach·iÐoÐgaÐnoid¶eÐi (?), n. pl.[NL., from L. brachium (bracchÐ) arm + NL. ganoidei.] (Zo”l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which the bichir of Africa is a living example. See Crossopterygii. Ø Brach·iÐoÐla¶riÐaÿ(?), n. pl. [ NL., fr. L. brachiolum (bracchÐ), dim. of brachium (bracchÐ) arm.] (Zo”l.) A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of vibrating cilia. Brach¶iÐoÐpodÿ(?), n. [Cf.F. brachiopode.] (Zo”l.) One of the Brachiopoda, or its shell. Ø Brach·iÐop¶oÐda (?), n. [NL., from Gr. ? arm + Ðpoda.] (Zo”l.) A class of Molluscoidea having a symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy peduncle. µ Within the shell is a pair of ½arms,¸ often long and spirally coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by which a current of water is made to flow into the mantle cavity, bringing the microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of the arms. The shell is both opened and closed by special muscles. They form two orders; Lyopoma, in which the shell is thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in Lingula; and Arthropoma, in which the firm calcareous shell has a regular hinge, as in Rhynchonella. See Arthropomata. Ø Brach¶iÐum (?), n.; pl. Bracchiaÿ(?). [L. brachium or bracchium, arm.] (Anat.) The upper arm; the segment of the fore limb between the shoulder and the elbow. Brach¶manÿ(?), n. [L. Brachmanae, pl., Gr. ?.] See Brahman. [Obs.] Brach·yÐcat·aÐlec¶ticÿ(?), n. [Gr. ?; ? short + ? to leave off; cf. ? incomplete.] (Gr.& Last. Pros.) A verse wanting two syllables at its termination. Brach·yÐceÐphal¶ic (?), Brach·yÐceph¶aÐlous (?)}, a. [Gr. ? short + ? head.] (Anat.) Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth; shortheaded; Ð in distinction from dolichocephalic. Brach·yÐceph¶aÐly (?), Brach·yÐceph¶aÐlism (?)}, n. [Cf. F. Brachyc‚phalie]. (Anat.) The state or condition of being brachycephalic; shortness of head. BraÐchyc¶erÐal (?), a. [Gr. ? short + ? horn.] (Zo”l.) Having short antenn‘, as certain insects. Brach·yÐdiÐag¶oÐnal (?), a. [Gr. ? short + E. diagonal.] Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism. Brachydiagonal axis, the shorter lateral axis of an orthorhombic crystal. Brach·yÐdiÐag¶oÐnal, n. The shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism. Brach·yÐdomeÿ(?), n. [Gr. ? short + E. dome.] (Crystallog.) A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See Dome. BraÐchyg¶raÐpher (?), n. A writer in short hand; a stenographer. He asked the brachygrapher whether he wrote the notes of the sermon. Gayton. BraÐchyg¶raÐphyÿ(?), n. [Gr. ? short + Ðgraphy: cf. F. brachygraphie.] Stenograhy. B.Jonson. BraÐchyl¶oÐgyÿ(?), n. [Gr. ? :? short + ? discourse: cf. F. brachylogie.] ( Rhet.) Conciseness of expression; brevity. Brach·yÐpin¶aÐcoid (?), n. [Gr. ? short + E. pinacoid.] (Crytallog.) A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis. Ø BraÐchyp¶teÐraÿ(?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? shortÐwinged; short + ? feather, wing.] (Zo”l.) A group of Coleoptera having short wings; the rove beetles. Ø BraÐchyp¶teÐres (?), n.pl. [NL. See Brachyptera. ] (Zo”l.) A group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins. BraÐchyp¶terÐous (?), a. [Gr. ? :cf. F. brachyptŠre.] (Zo”l.) Having short wings. BraÐchys¶toÐchrone (?), n. [Incorrect for brachistochrone, fr. Gr. ? shortest (superl. of ? short) + ? time : cf. F. brachistochrone. ] (Math.) A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This curve of quickest descent, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the cycloid. Brach¶yÐty·pous (?), a. [Gr. ? short + ? stamp, form.] (Min.) Of a short form. Ø Brach·yÐu¶raÿ(?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ? short + ? tail.] (Zo”l.) A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephaloÐthorax. [Also spelt Brachyoura.] See Crab, and Illustration in Appendix. Brach·yÐu¶ralÿ(?), Brach·yÐu¶rous (?)}, a. [Cf. F. brachyure.] (Zo”l.) Of or pertaining to the Brachyura. Brach·yÐu¶ran (?), n. One of the Brachyura. Bra¶cing (?), a. Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind. Bra¶cing (?), n. 1. The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced. 2. (Engin.) Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss.

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Brack (?), n. [Cf.D. braak, Dan. br‘k, a breaking, Sw. & Isel. brak a crackling, creaking. Cf. Breach.] An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw. Stain or brack in her sweet reputation. J.Fletcher. Brack, n. [D. brak, adj., salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack.] Salt or brackish water. [Obs.] Drayton. Brack¶en (?), n. [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.] A brake or fern. Sir W.Scott. Brack¶et (?), n. [Cf.OF. braguette codpiece, F. brayette, Sp. bragueta, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. bracae breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf. Breeches.] 1. (Arch.) An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office. µ This is the more general word. See Brace, Cantalever, Console, Corbel, Strut. 2. (Engin. & Mech.) A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles. 3. (Naut.) A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support. 4. (Mil.) The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage. 5. (Print.) One of two characters [ ]?, used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; Ð called also crotchet. 6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like. Bracket light, a gas fixture or a lamp attached to a wall, column, etc. Brack¶et, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bracketed; p.pr. & vb.n. Bracketing] To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets. Brack¶etÏing, n. (Arch.) A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively. Brack¶ish (?), a. [See Brack salt water.] Saltish, or salt in a moderate degree, as water in saline soil. Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish though they be. Byron. Brack¶ishÏness, n. The quality or state of being brackish, or somewhat salt. Brack¶y (?), a. Brackish. Drayton. Bract (?), n. [See Bractea.] (Bot.) (a) A leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the axil of which a flower stalk arises. (b) Any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a flower. µ Bracts are often inconspicuous, but sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous forms of bracts. ØBrac¶teÏa (?), n. [L., a thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.] (Bot.) A bract. Brac¶teÏal (?), a. [Cf.F. bract‚al.] Having the nature or appearance of a bract. Brac¶teÏate (?), a. [Cf.L. bracteatus covered with gold plate.] (Bot.) Having a bract or bracts. Bract¶ed (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with bracts. Brac¶teÏoÏlate (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with bracteoles or bractlets. Brac¶teÏole (?), n. [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea. See Bractea.] (Bot.) Same as Bractlet. Bract¶less, a. (Bot.) Destitute of bracts. Bract¶let (?), n. [Bract + Ðlet] (Bot.) A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that support several flowers. Gray. Brad (?), n. [Cf.OE. brod, Dan. braad prick, sting, brodde ice spur, frost nail, Sw. brodd frost nail, Icel. broddr any pointed piece of iron or stell; akin to AS. brord point, spire of grass, and perh. to E. bristle. See Bristle, n.] A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, squareÐbodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head. Brad¶ awl· (?). A straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads, etc. Weale. BraÏdoon¶ (?), n. Same as Bridoon. ØBrae (?), n. [See Bray a hill.] A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns. Brag (?), v.i. [imp. & p. p. Bragged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bragging.] [OE. braggen to resound, blow, boast (cf. F. braguer to lead a merry life, flaunt, boast, OF. brague merriment), from Icel. braka to creak, brak noise, fr. the same root as E. break; properly then, to make a noise, boast. ?95.] To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; Ð often followed by of; as, to brag of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do. Coinceit, more rich in matter than in words, Brags of his substance, not of ornament. Shak. Syn. Ð To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big. Brag, v.t. To boast of. [Obs.] Shak. Brag, n. 1. A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification. C‘sar ... made not here his brag Of ½came,¸ and ½saw,¸ and ½overcame.¸ Shak. 2. The thing which is boasted of. Beauty is Nature's brag. Milton. 3. A game at cards similar to bluff. Chesterfield. Brag (?), a. [See Brag, v.i.] Brisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited. [Arhaic] A brag young fellow. B.Jonson. Brag, adv. Proudly; boastfully. [Obs.] Fuller. Brag·gaÏdo¶cio (?), n. [From Braggadocchio, a boastful character in Spenser's ½Fa‰rie Queene.¸] 1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer. Dryden. 2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension. Brag¶gardÏism (?), n. [See Braggart.] Boastfulness; act of bragging. Shak. Brag¶gart (?), n. [OF. bragard flaunting, vain, bragging. See Brag, v.i.] A boaster. O, I could play the woman with mine eyes, And braggart with my tongue. Shak. Brag¶gart, a. Boastful.Ð Brag¶gartÏly, adv. Brag¶ger (?), n. One who brags; a boaster. Brag¶get (?), n. [OE. braket, bragot, fr. W. bragawd, bragod, fr. brag malt.] A liquor made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc. [Obs.] B.Jonson.

Brag¶ging·ly (?), adv. Boastingly. Brag¶less, a. Without bragging. [R.] Shak. Brag¶ly, adv. In a manner to be bragged of; finely; proudly. [Obs.] Spenser. Brah¶ma (?), n. [See Brahman.] 1. (Hindoo Myth.) The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. µ According to the Hindoo religious books, Brahma (with the final a short), or Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the All in All, while the personal gods, Brahm (with the final a long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence. 2. (Zo”l.) A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; Ð called also Brahmapootra. Brah¶man (?), Brah¶min (?), } n.; pl. Brahmans, Brahmins. [Skr. Br¾hmana (cf. Brahman 0worship, holiness; the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F. Brahmane, Brachmane, Bramine, L. Brachmanae, Ðmanes, Ðmani, pl., Gr. ?, pl.] A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Brahman bull (Zo”l.), the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos. Brah¶manÏess (?), n. A Brahmani. Brah¶manÏi (?), n. [Fem. of Brahman.] Any Brahman woman. [Written also Brahmanee.] BrahÏman¶ic (?), ÏicÏal (?), BrahÏmin¶Ïic (?),ÏicÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and worship. Brah¶manÏism (?), Brah¶minÏism (?), } n. The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma. Brah¶manÏist (?), Brah¶minÏist (?), } n. An adherent of the religion of the Brahmans. Brah¶moÏism (?), n. The religious system of BrahmoÐsomaj. Balfour.

Brah·moÐsoÏmaj¶ (?), n. [Bengalese, a wor?hiping assembly.] A modern reforming theistic sect among the Hindos. [Written also BrahmaÐsamaj.] Braid (?), v.t. [imp. &. p.p. Braided; p. pr. & vb. n. Braiding.] [ OE. braiden, breiden, to pull, reach, braid, AS. bregdan to move to and fro, to weave; akin. to Icel. breg?a, D. breiden to knit, OS. bregdan to weave, OHG. brettan to brandish. Cf. Broid.] 1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait. Braid your locks with rosy twine. Milton. 2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations. 3. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. Shak. Braid (?), n. 1. A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands. A braid of hair composed of two different colors twined together. Scott. 2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc. Braid, n. [Cf.Icel. breg?a to move quickly.] 1. A quick motion; a start. [Obs.] Sackville. 2. A fancy; freak; caprice. [Obs.] R.Hyrde. Braid v.i. To start; to awake. [Obs.] Chaucer. Braid, a. [AS. br‘d, bred, deceit; akin to Icel. brag? trick, AS. bredan, bregdan, to braid, knit, (hence) to knit a net, to draw into a net, i.e., to deceive. See Braid, v.t.] Deceitful. [Obs.] Since Frenchmen are so braid, Marry that will, I live and die a maid. Shak. Braid¶ing, n. 1. The act of making or using braids. 2. Braids, collectively; trimming. A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars, and braiding. Thackeray. Brail (?), n. [OE. brayle furling rope, OF. braiol a band placed around the breeches, fr.F. braies, pl., breeches, fr.L. braca, bracae, breeches, a Gallic word; cf. Arm. bragez. Cf. Breeches.] 1. (Falconry) A thong of soft leather to bind up a hawk's wing. 2. pl. (Naut.) Ropes passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches, bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling. 3. A stock at each end of a seine to keep it stretched. Brail, v.t. (Naut.) To haul up by the brails; Ð used with up; as, to brail up a sail. Brain (?), n. [OE. brain, brein, AS. bragen, br‘gen; akin to LG. br„gen, bregen, D. brein, and perh. to Gr. ?, the upper part of head, if ? =? ? 95.] 1. (Anat.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the foreÐ, midÐ, and hindÐbrain. µ In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang the cerebellum, the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely cover the lobes of the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is divided into irregular ridges, or convolutions, separated by grooves (the soÐcalled fissures and sulci), and the two hemispheres are connected at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure by a great transverse band of nervous matter, the corpus callosum, while the two halves of the cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the bridge, or pons Varolii. 2. (Zo”l.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates. 3. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding. ½ My brain is too dull.¸ Sir W.Scott. µ In this sense, often used in the plural. 4. The affections; fancy; imagination. [R.] Shak. To have on the brain, to have constantly in one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania. [Low] Brain box or case, the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain. Ð Brain coral, Brain stone coral (Zo”l), a massive reefÐbuilding coral having the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of the genera M‘andrina and Diploria. Ð Brain fag (Med.), brain weariness. See Cerebropathy.Ð Brain fever (Med.), fever in which the brain is specially affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever. Ð Brain sand, calcareous matter found in the pineal gland. Brain (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Brained (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Braining.] 1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat. There thou mayst brain him. Shak. It was the swift celerity of the death ... That brained my purpose. Shak.

2. To conceive; to understand. [Obs.] ?T is still a dream, or else such stuff as madmen Tongue, and brain not. Shak. Brained (?), p.a. Supplied with brains. If th' other two be brained like us. Shak. Brain¶ish, a. HotÐheaded; furious. [R.] Shak. Brain¶less, a. Without understanding; silly; thougthless; witless. Ð Brain¶lessÏness, n. Brain¶pan· (?), n. [Brain + pan.] The bones which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium. Brain¶sick· (?), a. Disordered in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless. Ð Brain¶sickÏness, a. Brain¶sick·ly, adv. In a brainsick manner. Brain¶y (?), a. Having an active or vigorous mind. [Colloq.] Braise, Braize (?), n. [So called from its iridescent colors.] (Zo”l.) A European marine fish (Pagrus vulgaris) allied to the American scup; the becker. The name is sometimes applied to the related species. [Also written brazier.] Braise, Braize, n. [F.] 1. Charcoal powder; breeze. 2. (Cookery) Braised meat. Braise, v.t. [F. braiser, fr. braise coals.] (Cookery) To stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan. A braising kettle has a deep cover which holds coals; consequently the cooking is done from above, as well as below. Mrs. Henderson.

Brais¶er (?), n. A kettle or pan for braising. Brait (?), n. [Cf.W. braith variegated, Ir. breath, breagh, fine, comely.] A rough diamond. Braize (?), n. See Braise. Brake (?), imp. of Break. [Arhaic] Tennyson. Brake, n. [OE. brake fern; cf. AS. bracce fern, LG. brake willow bush, Da. bregne fern, G. brach fallow; prob. orig. the growth on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v.t., cf. Bracken, and 2d Brake, n.] 1. (Bot.) A fern of the genus Pteris, esp. the P. aquilina, common in almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing into three principal branches. Less properly: Any fern. 2. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes. Rounds rising hillocks, brakes obscure and rough, To shelter thee from tempest and from rain. Shak. He stayed not for brake, and he stopped not for stone. Sir W.Scott. Cane brake, a thicket of canes. See Canebrake.

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Brake (?), n. [OE. brake; cf. LG. brake an instrument for breaking flax, G. breche, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v. t., and cf. Breach.] 1. An instrument or machine to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may be separated from the fiber. 2. An extended handle by means of which a number of men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine. 3. A baker's kneading though. Johnson. 4. A sharp bit or snaffle. Pampered jades...which need nor break nor bit. Gascoigne. 5. A frame for confining a refractory horse while the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle, horses, etc. A horse... which Philip had bought... and because of his fierceness kept him within a brake of iron bars. J. Brende. 6. That part of a carriage, as of a movable battery, or engine, which enables it to turn. 7. (Mil.) An ancient engine of war analogous to the crossbow and ballista. 8. (Agric.) A large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; a drag. 9. A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a wheel or drum in a machine. 10. (Engin.) An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake. 11. A cart or carriage without a body, used in breaking in horses. 12. An ancient instrument of torture. Holinshed. Air brake. See Air brake, in the Vocabulary. Ð Brake beam or Brake bar, the beam that connects the brake blocks of opposite wheels. Ð Brake block. (a) The part of a brake holding the brake shoe. (b) A brake shoe. Ð Brake shoe or Brake rubber, the part of a brake against which the wheel rubs. Ð Brake wheel, a wheel on the platform or top of a car by which brakes are operated. Ð Continuous brake . See under Continuous. Brake¶man (?), n.; pl. Brakemen (?). 1. (Railroads) A man in charge of a brake or brakes. 2. (Mining) The man in charge of the winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine. Brak¶y (?), a. Full of brakes; abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns; rough; thorny. In the woods and braky glens. W.Browne. Bra¶ma (?), n. See Brahma. Bra¶mah press· (?). A hydrostatic press of immense power, invented by Joseph Bramah of London. See under Hydrostatic. Bram¶ble (?), n. [OE. brembil, AS.br?mbel, br?mbel (akin to OHG. bramal), fr. the same root as E. broom, As. br?m. See Broom.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub. The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes. Shak. 2. (Zo”l.) The brambling or bramble finch. Bram¶ble bush· (?). (Bot.) The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together. He jumped into a bramble bush And scratched out both his eyes. Mother Goose. Bram¶bled (?), a. Overgrown with brambles. Forlorn she sits upon the brambled floor. T.Warton. Bram¶ble net· (?). A net to catch birds. Bram¶bling (?), n. [OE. bramline. See Bramble, n.] (Zo”l.) The European mountain finch (Fringilla montifringilla); Ð called also bramble finch and bramble. Bram¶bly (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or full of, brambles. ½In brambly wildernesses.¸ Tennyson. Brame (?), n. [Cf. Breme.] Sharp passion; vexation. [Obs.] HeartÐburning brame. Spenser. Bra¶min (?), BraÏmin¶ic (?), etc. See Brahman, Brachmanic, etc. Bran (?), n. [OE. bren, bran, OF. bren, F. bran, from Celtic; cf. Armor. brenn, Ir. bran, bran, chaff.] 1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain. 2. (Zo”l.) The European carrion crow. Bran¶card (?), n. [F.] A litter on which a person may be carried. [Obs.] Coigrave. Branch (?), n.; pl. Branchesÿ(?). [OE. braunche, F. branche, fr. LL. branca claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor. brank branch, bough.] 1. (Bot.) A shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant. 2. Any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; as, the branch of an antler; the branch of a chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of a railway. Most of the branches , or streams, were dried up. W.Irving. 3. Any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department. ½Branches of knowledge.¸ Prescott. It is a branch and parcel of mine oath. Shak. 4. (Geom.) One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance; as, the branches of an hyperbola. 5. A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; as, the English branch of a family. His father, a younger branch of the ancient stock. Carew. 6. (Naut.) A warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain waters. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron, which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. Ð Branch herring. See Alewife.Ð Root and branch , totally, wholly. Syn. Ð Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig. Branch (?), a. Diverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; as, a branch vein; a branch road or line; a branch topic; a branch store. Branch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Branchedÿ(?); p .pr. & vb. n. Branching.] 1. To shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to ramify. 2. To divide into separate parts or subdivision. To branch off, to form a branch or a separate part; to diverge. Ð To branch out, to speak diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business, etc. To branch out into a long disputation. Spectator. Branch, v. t. 1. To divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in. 2. To adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs. The train whereof loose far behind her strayed, Branched with gold and pearl, most richly wrought. Spenser. Branch¶er (?), n. 1. That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in various directions. 2. (Falconry) A young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches. Branch¶erÏy (?), n. A system of branches. Ø Bran¶chiÏa (?), n.; pl. Branchi?ÿ(?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, pl. of ?.] (Anat.) A gill; a respiratory organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many aquatic and semiaquatic animals have. Bran¶chiÏal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to branchi‘ or gills. Branchial arches, the bony or cartilaginous arches which support the gills on each side of the throat of fishes and amphibians. See Illustration in Appendix. Ð Branchial clefts, the openings between the branchial arches through which water passes. Bran¶chiÏate (?), a. (Anat.) Furnished with branchi‘; as branchiate segments. BranÏchif¶erÏous (?), a. (Anat.) Having gills; branchiate; as, branchiferous gastropods. Branch¶iÏness (?), n. Fullness of branches. Branch¶ing, a. Furnished with branches; shooting our branches; extending in a branch or branches. Shaded with branching palm. Milton. Branch¶ing, n. The act or state of separation into branches; division into branches; a division or branch. The sciences, with their numerous branchings. L.Watts. Ø Bran·chiÏoÏgasÏtrop¶oÏda (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? gill + E. gastropoda.] (Zo”l.) Those Gastropoda that breathe by branchi‘, including the Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata. Bran·chiÏom¶erÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? gill + Ðmere.] (Anat.) The state of being made up of branchiate segments. R. Wiedersheim. Bran¶chiÏoÏpod (?), n. One of the Branchiopoda. Ø Bran¶chiÏoÏpoda (?), n. pl. [Gr. ? gill + Ðpoda: cf. F. branchiopode.] (Zo”l.) An order of Entomostraca; Ð so named from the feet of branchiopods having been supposed to perform the function of gills. It includes the freshÐwater genera Branchipus, Apus, and Limnadia, and the genus Artemia found in salt lakes. It is also called Phyllopoda. See Phyllopoda, Cladocera. It is sometimes used in a broader sense. Bran·chiÏos¶teÏgal (?), a. [Gr. ? gill + ? to cover: cf. F. branchiostŠge.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of fishes. Ð n. (Anat.) A branchiostegal ray. See Illustration of Branchial arches in Appendix. µ This term was formerly applied to a group of fishes having boneless branchi‘. But the arrangement was artificial, and has been rejected. Bran·chiÏos¶tege (?), (Anat.) The branchiostegal membrane. See Illustration in Appendix. Bran·chiÏos¶teÏgous (?), a. (Anat.) Branchiostegal. Ø Bran·chiÏos¶toÏma (?), n. [NL., fr., Gr. ? gill + ? mouth.] (Zo”l.) The lancelet. See Amphioxus. Ø Bran¶chiÏu¶ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr., Gr. ? gill + ? tail.] (Zo”l.) A group of Entomostraca, with suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the carp lice (Argulus). Branch¶less (?), a. Destitude of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren; naked. Branch¶let (?), n. [Branch + Ðlet.] A little branch; a twig. Branch¶ pi·lot (?). A pilot who has a branch or commission, as from Trinity House, England, for special navigation. Branch¶y (?), a. Full of branches; having wideÐspreading branches; consisting of branches. Beneath thy branchy bowers of thickest gloom. J.Scott. Brand (?), n. [OE. brand, brond, AS. brand brond brand, sword, from byrnan, beornan, to burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. brand brand, Icel. brandr a brand, blade of a sword. ?32. See Burn, v. t., and cf. Brandish.] 1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct. Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof. Palfrey. 2. A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness. [Poetic] Tennyson. Paradise, so late their happy seat, Waved over by that flaming brand. Milton. 3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; Ð also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour. 4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma. The brand of private vice. Channing. 5. An instrument to brand with; a branding iron. 6. (Bot.) Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many species and several genera of the order Puccini‘i. Brand (?), v.t [imp. & p.p. Branded; p. pr. & vb. n. Branding.]. 1. To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict). 2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc. 3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon. The Inquisition branded its victims with infamy. Prescott. There were the enormities, branded and condemned by the first and most natural verdict of common humanity. South. 4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron. As if it were branded on my mind. Geo. Eliot. Brand¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron. 2. A gridiron. [Scot.] Brand¶ goose· (?). [Prob. fr. 1st brand + goose: cf. Sw. brandg†s. Cf. Brant.] (Zo”l.) A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) usually called in America brant. See Brant. Bran¶died (?), a. Mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or treated with brandy; as, brandied peaches. Brand¶ing i·Ïron (?). An iron to brand with. Brand¶ i·ron. 1. A branding iron. 2. A trivet to set a pot on. Huloet. 3. The horizontal bar of an andiron. Bran¶dish (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Brandishedÿ(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Brandishing.] [OE. braundisen, F. brandir, fr. brand a sword, fr. OHG. brant brand. See Brand, n.] 1. To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to shake or flourish. The quivering lance which he brandished bright. Drake. 2. To play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms. Bran¶dish, n. A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc. ½Brandishes of the fan.¸ Tailer. Bran¶dishÐer (?), n. One who brandishes. Bran¶dle (?), v. t. & i. [F. brandiller.] To shake; to totter. [Obs.] Brand¶ling (?), Brand¶lin (?) }, n. (Zo”l.) Same as Branlin, fish and worm. Brand¶Ðnew¶ (?), a. [See Brand, and cf. Brannew.] Quite new; bright as if fresh from the forge. Brand¶ spore· (?). (Bot.) One of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by one of the fungi called brand. Bran¶dy (?), n.; pl. Brandiesÿ(?). [From older brandywine, brandwine, fr. D. brandewijn, fr. p. p. of branden to burn, distill + wijn wine, akin to G. branntwein. See Brand.] A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain. Brandy fruit, fruit preserved in brandy and sugar. Bran¶dyÏwine· (?), n. Brandy. [Obs.] Wiseman. Bran¶gle (?), n. [Prov. E. brangled confused, entangled, Scot. brangle to shake, menace; probably a variant of wrangle, confused with brawl. ?95.] A wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute. [R.] A brangle between him and his neighbor. Swift. Bran¶gle, v.i [imp. & p. p. Brangledÿ(?); p.pr. & vb. n. Branglingÿ(?).] To wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble. [R.] Bran¶gleÏment (?), n. Wrangle; brangle. [Obs.] Bran¶gler (?), n. A quarrelsome person. Bran¶gling (?), n. A quarrel. [R.] Whitlock. Brank (?), n. [Prov. of Celtic origin; cf. L. brance, brace, the Gallic name of a particularly white kind of corn.] Buckwheat. [Local, Eng.] Halliwell. Brank, Branks,} n. [Cf. Gael. brangus, brangas, a sort of pillory, Ir. brancas halter, or D. pranger fetter.] 1. A sort of bridle with wooden side pieces. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Jamieson. 2. A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used for correcting scolding women.It was an iron frame surrounding the head and heaving a triangular piece entering the mouth of the scold. Brank, v. i. 1. To hold up and toss the head; Ð applied to horses as spurning the bit. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 2. To prance; to caper. [Scot.] Jamieson. Brank¶urÏsine (?), n. [F. brancÐursine, branchÐursine, fr. LL. branca claw + L. ursinus belonging to a bear (fr. ursus bear), i .e., bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf. Branch.] (Bot.) Bear'sÐbreech, or Acanthus. Bran¶lin (?), n. [Scot. branlie fr. brand.] (Zo”l.) A young salmon or parr, in the stage in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a gridiron. Bran¶lin, n. [See Brand.] A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small freshÐwater fish; Ð so called from its red color. Bran¶Ðnew¶ (?), a. See BrandÐnew. Bran¶ny (?), a. Having the appearance of bran; consisting of or containing bran. Wiseman. Bran¶sle (?), n. [See Brawl a dance.] A brawl or dance. [Obs.] Spenser.

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