Chapter XXVI: Part 26

Brant (?), n. [Cf.Brand goose, Brent, Brenicle.] (Zo”l.) A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla)Ð called also brent and brand goose. The name is also applied to other related species. Brant, a. [See Brent.] Steep. [Prov. Eng.] Bran¶tail· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The European redstart; Ð so called from the red color of its tail. Brant¶Ïfox· (?), n. [For brandÐfox; cf. G. brandfuchs, Sw. bradr„f. So called from its yellowish brown and somewhat black color. See Brand.] (Zo”l.) A kind of fox found in Sweden (Vulpes alopex), smaller than the common fox (V. vulgaris), but probably a variety of it. Bran¶uÏlar (?), a. Relating to the brain; cerebral. I.Taylor. Bra¶sen (?), a. Same as Brazen. Brash (?), a. [Cf. Gael. bras or G. barsch harsh, sharp, tart, impetuous, D. barsch, Sw. & Dan. barsk.] Hasty in temper; impetuous. Grose. Brash, a. [Cf. Amer. bresk, brusk, fragile, brittle.] Brittle, as wood or vegetables. [Colloq., U. S.] Bartlett. Brash, n. [See Brash brittle.] 1. A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness. 2. Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 3. (Geol.) Broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial deposits. Lyell. 4. Broken fragments of ice. Kane. Water brash (Med.), an affection characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis. Ð Weaning brash (Med.), a severe form of diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned. Bra¶sier, Bra¶zier (?), n. [OE. brasiere, F. braise live coals. See Brass.] An artificer who works in brass. Franklin. Bra¶sier, Bra¶zier, n. [F. brasier, brais¡er, fr. braise live coals. See Brass.] A pan for holding burning coals. Brass (?), n.; pl. Brasses (?). [OE. bras, bres, AS. br‘s; akin to Icel. bras cement, solder, brasa to harden by fire, and to E. braze, brazen. Cf. 1st & 2d Braze.] 1. An alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals. 2. (Mach.) A journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass. A brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is generally called a white metal lining. See Axle box, Journal Box, and Bearing. 3. Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze. [Obs.] Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9. 4. Impudence; a brazen face. [Colloq.] 5. pl. Utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass. The very scullion who cleans the brasses. Hopkinson. 6. A brass plate engraved with a figure or device. Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait, coat of arms, etc. 7. pl. (Mining) Lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that of brass. µ The word brass as used in Sculpture language is a translation for copper or some kind of bronze. µ Brass is often used adjectively or in selfÐexplaining compounds; as, brass button, brass kettle, brass founder, brass foundry or brassfoundry. Brass band (Mus.), a band of musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as trumpets, cornets, etc. Ð Brass foil, Brass leaf, brass made into very thin sheets; Ð called also Dutch gold. Bras¶sage (?), n. {F.] A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; Ð now called seigniorage. Bras¶sart (?), n. [F. brassard, fr. bras arm. See Brace, n.] Armor for the arm; Ð generally used for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting, in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts. Brasse (?), n. [Perh. a transposition of barse; but cf. LG. brasse the bream, G. brassen Cf. Bream.] (Zo”l.) A spotted European fish of the genus Lucioperca, resembling a perch. Bras¶sets (?), n. See Brassart. Ø Bras¶siÏca (?), n. [L., cabbage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing several species ad varieties differing much in appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage (B. oleracea), broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip (B. campestris); the common turnip (B. rapa); the rape of coleseed (B. napus), etc. Bras·siÏca¶ceous (?), a. [L. brassica cabbage.] (Bot.) Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the Cabbage family. Brass¶iÏness (?), n. The state, conditions, or quality of being brassy. [Colloq.] Brass¶Ïvis¶aged (?), a. Impudent; bold. Brass¶y (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or hardness, of brass. 2. Impudent; impudently bold. [Colloq.] Brast (?), v. t. & i. [See Burst.] To burst. [Obs.] And both his y‰n braste out of his face. Chaucer. Dreadfull furies which their chains have brast. Spenser. Brat (?), n. [OE. bratt coarse garnment, AS. bratt cloak, fr. the Celtic; cf. W. brat clout, rag, Gael. brat cloak, apron, raf, Ir. brat cloak; properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.] 1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright. 3. A child; an offspring; Ð formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense. ½This brat is none of mine.¸ Shak. ½A beggar's brat.¸ Swift. O Israel? O household of the Lord? O Abraham's brats? O brood of blessed seed? Gascoigne. 4. The young of an animal. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Brat (?), n. (Mining) A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime. Ø Brat¶sche (?), n. [G., fr. It. viola da braccio viola held on the arm.] The tenor viola, or viola. Brat¶tice (?), n. [See Brettice.] (Mining) (a) A wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for ventilation. (b) Planking to support a roof or wall. Brat¶tishÏing (?), n. 1. See Brattice, n. 2. (Arch.) Carved openwork, as of a shrine, battlement, or parapet. Braun¶ite (?), n. (Min.) A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color. It was named from a Mr. Braun of Gotha. BraÏvade¶ (?), n. Bravado. [Obs.] Fanshawe. BraÏva¶do (?), n., pl. Bravadoesÿ(?). [Sp. bravada, bravata, boast, brag: cf. F. bravade. See Brave.] Boastful and threatening behavior; a boastful menace. In spite of our host's bravado. Irving. Brave (?), a. [Compar. Braver; superl. Bravest.] [F. brave, It. or Sp. bravo, (orig.) fierce, wild, savage, prob. from. L. barbarus. See Barbarous, and cf. Bravo.] 1. Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; Ð opposed to cowardly; as, a brave man; a brave act. 2. Having any sort of superiority or excellence; Ð especially such as in conspicuous. [Obs. or Archaic as applied to material things.] Iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth. Bacon. It being a brave day, I walked to Whitehall. Pepys. 3. Making a fine show or display. [Archaic] Wear my dagger with the braver grace. Shak. For I have gold, and therefore will be brave. In silks I'll rattle it of every color. Robert Greene. Frog and lizard in holiday coats And turtle brave in his golden spots. Emerson. Syn. Ð Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous; bold; heroic; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous; highÐspirited; stoutÐhearted. See Gallant. Brave (?), n. 1. A brave person; one who is daring. The starÐspangled banner, O,long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. F.S.Key. 2. Specifically, an Indian warrior. 3. A man daring beyond discretion; a bully. Hot braves like thee may fight. Dryden. 4. A challenge; a defiance; bravado. [Obs.] Demetrius, thou dost overween in all; And so in this, to bear me down with braves. Shak. Brave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bravedÿ(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Braving.] 1. To encounter with courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to dare. These I can brave, but those I can not bear. Dryden. 2. To adorn; to make fine or showy. [Obs.] Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast braved meny men; brave not me; I'll neither be faced or braved. Shak.] Brave¶ly (?), adv. 1. In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly. 2. Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily. And [she] decked herself bravely to allure the eyes of all men that should see her. Judith. x. 4. 3. Well; thrivingly; prosperously. [Colloq.] Brave¶ness, n. The quality of state or being brave. Brav¶erÏy (?), n. [Cf. F. braverie.] 1. The quality of being brave; fearless; intrepidity. Remember, sir, my liege, ... The natural bravery of your isle. Shak. 2. The act of braving; defiance; bravado. [Obs.] Reform, then, without bravery or scandal of former times and persons. 3. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance; ostentation; fine dress. With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery. Shak. Like a stately ship... With all her bravery on, and tackle trim. Milton. 4. A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau. [Obs.] A man that is the bravery of his age. Beau. & Fl. Syn. Ð Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor; fearlessness; dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See Courage, and Heroism. Brav¶ing (?), n. A bravado; a boast. With so proud a strain Of threats and bravings. Chapman. Brav¶ingÏly (?), adv. In a defiant manner. Bra¶vo (?), n.; pl. Bravoesÿ(?). [I. See Brave, a.] A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or murderer. Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey. And stab, like bravoes, all who come this way. Churchill. Bra¶vo (?), interj. [It. See Brave.] Well done? excellent? an exclamation expressive of applause. Ø BraÏvu¶ra (?), n. [It., (properly) bravery, spirit, from bravo. See Brave.] (Mus.) A florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill of a performer; virtuoso music. Aria di bravura (?) [It.], a florid air demanding brilliant execution. Brawl (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Brawled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Brawling.] [OE. braulen to quarrel, boast, brallen to cry, make a noise; cf. LG. brallen to brag, MHG. pr?ulen, G. prahlen, F. brailler to cry, shout, Pr. brailar, braillar, W. bragal to vociferate, brag, Armor. bragal to romp, to strut, W. broliaw to brag, brawl boast. ?95.] 1. To quarrel noisily and outrageously. Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that brawleth openly with his wife. Golden Boke. 2. To complain loudly; to scold. 3. To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a rapid stream running over stones. Where the brook brawls along the painful road. Wordsworth. Syn. Ð To wrangle; squabble; contend. Brawl (?), n. A noisy quarrel; loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult; as, a drunken brawl. His sports were hindered by the brawls. Shak. Syn. Ð Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult. Brawl¶er (?), n. One that brawls; wrangler. Common brawlers (Law), one who disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable at common law as a nuisance). Wharton. Brawl¶ing, a. 1. Quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy. She is an irksome brawling scold. Shak. 2. Making a loud confused noise. See Brawl, v. i., 3. A brawling stream. J.S. Shairp. Brawl¶ingÏly, adv. In a brawling manner. Brawn (?), n. [OF. braon fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. br?to flesh, G. braten roast meat; akin to Icel. br?? flesh, food of beasts, AS. br?de roast meat, br?dan to roast, G. braten, and possibly to E. breed.] 1. A muscle; flesh. [Obs.] Formed well of brawns and of bones. Chaucer. 2. Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg, muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body; sometimes, the arm. Brawn without brains is thine. Dryden. It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the brawn of the left hand. E. Hall. And in my vantbrace put this withered brawn. Shak. 3. The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and prepared flesh of a boar. The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which time it is best to geld him, or sell him for brawn. Mortimer. 4. A boar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Brawned (?), a. Brawny; strong; muscular. [Obs.] Spenser. Brawn¶er (?), n. A boor killed for the table. Brawn¶iÏness (?), n. The quality or state of being brawny. Brawn¶y (?), a. Having large, strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong. ½Brawny limbs.¸ W.Irving. Syn. Ð Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic; stalwart; powerful; robust. Brax¶y (?), n. [Cf. AS. breac rheum, broc sickness, Ir. bracha corruption. Jamieson.] 1. A disease of sheep. The term is variously applied in different localities. [Scot.] 2. A diseased sheep, or its mutton. Bray (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Braying.] [OE. brayen, OF. breier, F. broyer to pound, grind, fr. OHG. brehhan to break. See Break.] To pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine. Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar, ... yet will not his foolishness depart from him. Prov. xxvii. 22. Bray, v. i. [ OE brayen, F. braire to bray, OF. braire to cry, fr. LL. bragire to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E. break; or perh. of imitative origin.] 1. To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass. Laugh, and they Return it louder than an ass can bray. Dryden. 2. To make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise. Heard ye the din of battle bray? Gray. Bray, v. t. To make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound. Arms on armor clashing, brayed Horrible discord. MIlton. And varying notes the war pipes brayed. Sir W.Scott. Bray, n. The harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or discordant sound. The bray and roar of multitudinous London. Jerrold. Bray, n. [OE. braye, brey, brew, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill, bank, Scot. bra, brae, bray, fr. AS. br?w eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel. br? eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. br? yebrow. See Brow.] A bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. See Brae, which is now the usual spelling. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Fairfax. Bray¶er (?), n. An implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing. Bray¶er, n. One that brays like an ass. Pope. Bray¶ing, a. Making a harsh noise; blaring, ½Braying trumpets.¸ Shak. Braze (?), v. i.[imp. & p. p. Brazedÿ(?); p. pr & vb. n. Brazing.][F. braser to solder, fr. Icel. brasa to harden by fire. Cf. Brass.] 1. To solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; as, to braze the seams of a copper pipe. 2. To harden. ½Now I am brazes to it.¸ Shak. Braze (?), v. t. [AS. br‘sian, fr. br‘s brass. See Brass.] To cover or ornament with brass. Chapman. Bra¶zen (?), a.[OE. brasen, AS. br‘sen. See Brass.] 1. Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, brass. 2. Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding brass. 3. Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front like brass; as, a brazen countenance. Brazen age. (a) (Muth.) The age of war and lawlessness which succeeded the silver age. (b) (Arch‘ol.)ÿSee under Bronze. Ð Brazen sea (Jewish Antiq.), a large laver of brass, placed in Solomon's temple for the use of the priests. Bra¶zen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brazened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Brazening.] To carry through impudently or shamelessly; as, to brazen the matter through. Sabina brazened it out before Mrs. Wygram, but inwardly she was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect. W.Black. Bra¶zenÏbrowed· (?), a. Shamelessly impudent. Sir T.Browne. Bra¶zenÏface· (?), n. An impudent of shameless person. ½Well said, brazenface; hold it out.¸ Shak. Bra¶zenÏfaced· (?), a. Impudent; shameless. Bra¶zenÏly (?), adv. In a bold, impudent manner.

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Bra¶zenÏness (?), n. The quality or state of being brazen. Johnson. Bra¶zier (?), n. Same as Brasier. ØBraz·iÏlet¶to (?), n. [Cf. Pg. & Sp. brasilete, It. brasiletto.] See Brazil wood. BraÏzil¶ian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Brasil. Ð n. A native or an inhabitant of Brazil. Brazilian pebble. See Pebble, n., 2. Braz¶iÏlin (?), n. [Cf. F. br‚siline. See Brazil.] (Chem.) A substance contained in both Brazil wood and Sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow crystalline substance which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies. [Written also brezilin.] BraÏzil¶ nut· (?). (Bot.) An oily, threeÐsided nut, the seed of the Bertholletia excelsa; the cream nut. µ From eighteen to twentyÐfour of the seed or ½nuts¸ grow in a hard and nearly globular shell. BraÏzil¶ wood· (?). [OE. brasil, LL. brasile (cf. Pg. & Sp. brasil, Pr. bresil, Pr. bresil); perh. from Sp. or Pg. brasa a live coal (cf. Braze, Brasier); or Ar. vars plant for dyeing red or yellow. This name was given to the wood from its color; and it is said that King Emanuel, of Portugal, gave the name Brazil to the country in South America on account of its producing this wood.] 1. The wood of the oriental C‘salpinia Sapan; Ð so called before the discovery of America. 2. A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinetÐwork, and for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of C‘salpinia echinata, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it. An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber of C. Braziliensis and C. crista. This is often distinguished as Braziletto , but the better kind is also frequently so named. Breach (?), n. [OE. breke, breche, AS. brice, gebrice, gebrece (in comp.), fr. brecan to break; akin to Dan. br‘k, MHG. breche, gap, breach. See Break, and cf. Brake (the instrument), Brack a break]. 1. The act of breaking, in a figurative sense. 2. Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; nonÐfulfillment; as a breach of contract; a breach of promise. 3. A gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead. Shak. 4. A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves; surge; surf. The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. 2 Sam. v. 20? A clear breach implies that the waves roll over the vessel without breaking. Ð A clean breach implies that everything on deck is swept away. Ham. Nav. Encyc. 5. A breaking up of amicable relations; rupture. There's fallen between him and my lord An unkind breach. Shak. 6. A bruise; a wound. Breach for breach, eye for eye. Lev. xxiv.20? 7. (Med.) A hernia; a rupture. 8. A breaking out upon; an assault. The Lord had made a breach upon Uzza. 1.Chron.xiii.11? Breach of falth, a breaking, or a failure to keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence or trust. Ð Breach of peace, disorderly conduct, disturbing the public peace. Ð Breach of privilege, an act or default in violation of the privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a committee. Mozley. Abbott. Ð Breach of promise, violation of one's plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry. Ð Breach of trust, violation of one's duty or faith in a matter entrusted to one. Syn. Ð Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break; disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement; violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference; misunderstanding. Breach, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Breached (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Breaching.] To make a breach or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a city. Breach, v. i. To break the water, as by leaping out; Ð said of a whale. Breach¶y (?),a. Apt to break fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; as, breachy cattle. Bread (?), v. t. [AS. br‘dan to make broad, to spread. See Broad, a.] To spread. [Obs.] Ray. Bread (?), n. [AS. bre d; akin to OFries. br¾d, OS. br?d, D. brood, G. brod, brot, Icel. brau?, Sw. & Dan. br”d. The root is probably that of E. brew. ? See Brew.] 1. An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening, kneading, and baking. µ Raised bread is made with yeast, salt, and sometimes a little butter or lard, and is mixed with warm milk or water to form the dough, which, after kneading, is given time to rise before baking. Ð Cream of tartar bread is raised by the action of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate (as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and cream of tartar (acid tartrate of potassium) or some acid. ÐUnleavened bread is usually mixed with water and salt only. A‰rated bread. See under A?rated. Bread and butter (fig.), means of living. Ð Brown bread, Indian bread, Graham bread, Rye and Indian bread. See Brown bread, under Brown. Ð Bread tree. See Breadfruit. 2. Food; sustenance; support of life, in general. Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11? Bread, v. t. (Cookery) To cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; as, breaded cutlets. Bread¶bas·ket (?), n. The stomach. [Humorous] S. Foote. Bread¶corn· (?). Corn of grain of which bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc. Bread¶ed, a. Braided [Obs.] Spenser. Bread¶en (?), a. Made of bread. [R.] Bread¶fruit· (?), n. (Bot.) 1. The fruit of a tree (Artocarpus incisa) found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name. 2. (Bot.) The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also breadfruit tree and bread tree. Bread¶less, a. Without bread; destitude of food. Plump peers and breadless bards alike are dull. P.Whitehead. Bread·root¶ (?), n. (Bot.) The root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta), found near the Rocky Mountains. It is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter, affording sweet and palatable food. µ It is the Pomme blanche of Canadian voyageurs. Bread¶stuff (?), n. Grain, flour, or meal of which bread is made. Breadth (?), n. [OE. brede, breede, whence later bredette, AS. br?du, fr. br¾d broad. See Broad, a.] 1. Distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length; width. 42. (Fine Arts) The quality of having the colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details, producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; Ð called also breadth of effect. Breadth of coloring is a prominent character in the painting of all great masters. Weale. Breadth¶less, a. Without breadth. Breadth¶ways (?), ads. Breadthwise. Whewell. Breadth¶wise (?), ads. In the direction of the breadth. Breadth¶win·ner (?), n. The member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family; one who works for his living. H. Spencer. Breakÿ(?), v. t. [imp. broke (?), (Obs. Brake); p.p. Broken (?), (Obs. Broke); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaking.] [OE. breken, AS. brecan; akin to OS. brekan, D. breken, OHG. brehhan, G. brechen, Icel.braka to creak, Sw. braka, br„kka to crack, Dan. br‘kke to break, Goth. brikan to break, L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile.] 1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock. Shak. 2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods. 3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate. Katharine, break thy mind to me. Shak. 4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise. Out, out, hyena ? these are thy wonted arts... To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray. Milton 5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey. Go, release them, Ariel; My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore. Shak. 6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set. 7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares. 8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments. The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity. Prescott. 9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill. 10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax. 11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind. An old man, broken with the storms of state. Shak. 12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow. I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden. 13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; Ð with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend. 14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. ½To break a colt.¸ Spenser. Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute? Shak. 15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin. With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks. Dryden. 16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. I see a great officer broken. Swift. With prepositions or adverbs: Ð To break down. (a) To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition. (b) To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. Ð To break in. (a) To force in; as, to break in a door. (b) To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. ÐTo break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit.Ð To break off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig.(b) To stop suddenly; to abandon. ½Break off thy sins by righteousness.¸ Dan. iv.27. Ð To break open, to open by breaking. ½Open the door, or I will break it open.¸ Shak. Ð To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. Ð To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. Ð To break through. (a) To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. (b) To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. Ð To break up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). ½Break up this capon.¸ Shak. ½Break up your fallow ground.¸ Jer. iv. 3? (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. ½Break up the court.¸ Shak. To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. [Colloq.] With an immediate object: Ð To break the back. (a) To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. Ð To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars.ÐTo break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. Ð To break a deer or stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. Ð To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. Ð To break ground. (a) To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. (b) Fig.: To begin to execute any plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the anchor from the bottom. Ð To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief. Ð To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it. Ð To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. Ð To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means. Ð To break a jest, to utter a jest. ½Patroclus...the livelong day break scurril jests.¸ Shak. Ð To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course. Ð To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. Ð To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. Ð To break no squares, to create no trouble. [Obs.] Ð To break a path, road, etc., too open a way through obstacles by force or labor. Ð To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; Ð a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries. Ð To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus. Syn. Ð To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate. Break (?), v. i. 1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder. 2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag. Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out. Math. ix. 17.? 3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn. The day begins to break, and night is fied. Shak. And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet. Wordswoorth. 4. To burst forth violently, as a storm. The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er our head may break. Shak. 5. To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking. At length the darkness begins to break. Macawlay. 6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength. See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman ? he droops apace. Swift. 7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking. 8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt. He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty. Bacn. 9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop. 10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty. 11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrowÐspirited. Collier. With prepositions or adverbs: Ð To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. Fear me not, man; I will not break away. Shak. ÐTo break down. (a) To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down. (b) To fail in any undertaking. He had broken down almost at the outset. Thackeray. Ð To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. ½Then shall thy light break forth as the morning.¸ Isa. lviii. 8; Ð often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. ½Break forth into singing, ye mountains.¸ Isa. xliv. 23. Ð To break from, to go away from abruptly. This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. Dryden. Ð To break into, to enter by breaking; as, to break into a house. Ð To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. ½This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him.¸ Milton. Ð To break loose. (a) To extricate one's self forcibly. ½Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell?¸ Milton. (b) To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. Ð To break off. (a) To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence. (b) To desist or cease suddenly. ½Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so.¸ Shak. Ð To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. Ð To break out. (a) To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. ½For in the wilderness

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shall waters break out, and stream in the desert.¸ Isa. xxxv. 6

(b) To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; Ð said of a disease. (c) To have a rash or eruption on the akin; Ð said of a patient. Ð To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. Ð To break up. (a) To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm. (b) To disperse.½The company breaks up.¸ I.Watts. Ð To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. Ð To break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. ½It can not be the Volsces dare break with us.¸ Shak. Ð ½If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether.¸ Thackeray. (b) To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak [Obs.] ½I will break with her and with her father.¸ Shak. Break (?), n. [See Break, v. t., and cf. Brake (the instrument), Breach, Brack a crack.] 1. An opening made by fracture or disruption. 2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as , a break in a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically: (a) (Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a building. (b) (Elec.) An opening or displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current. 3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in the conversation. 4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc. All modern trash is Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes. Swift. 5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the break of day; the break of dawn. 6. A large fourÐwheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind. 7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See Brake, n. 9 & 10. 8. (Teleg.) See Commutator. Break¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being broken. Break¶age (?), n. 1. The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken. 2. An allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use. Break¶bone· fe·ver (?). (Med.) See Dengue. Break¶Ïcir·cuit (?), n.(Elec.) A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit. Break¶down· (?), n. 1. The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall. 2. (a) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it break down. (b) Any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a time. [U.S.] Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to have a breakdown to wind up with. New Eng. Tales. Break¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, breaks. I'll be no breaker of the law. Shak. 2. Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed. 3. (Naut.) A small water cask. Totten. 4. A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface. The breakers were right beneath her bows. Longfellow. Break¶fast (?), n. [Break + fast.] 1. The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first meal. A sorry breakfast for my lord protector. Shak. 2. A meal after fasting, or food in general. The wolves will get a breakfast by my death. Dryden. Break¶fast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. breakfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breakfasting.] To break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in the day. First, sir, I read, and then I breakfast. Prior. Break¶fast, v. t. To furnish with breakfast. Milton. Break¶man (?), n. See Brakeman. Break¶neck· (?), n. 1. A fall that breaks the neck. 2. A steep place endangering the neck. Break¶neck· (?), a. Producing danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck speed. Break¶Ïup· (?), n. Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a breakÐup of an assembly or dinner party; a breakÐup of the government. Break¶wa·ter (?), n. Any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from their violence. Breamÿ(?), n. [OE. breme, brem, F. brˆme, OF. bresme, of German origin; cf. OHG. brahsema, brahsina, OLG. bressemo, G. brassen. Cf. Brasse.] 1. (Zo”l) A European freshÐwater cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis, little valued as food. Several species are known. 2. (Zo”l) An American freshÐwater fish, of various species of Pomotis and allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes. See Pondfish. 3. (Zo”l) A marine sparoid fish of the genus Pagellus, and allied genera. See Sea Bream. Bream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaming.] [Cf. Broom, and G. ein schiff brennen.] (Naut.) To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and scraping. Breast (?), n. [OE. brest, breost, As. bre¢st; akin to Icel. brj?st, Sw. br”st, Dan. bryst, Goth. brusts, OS. briost, D. borst, G. brust.] 1. The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly; the chest; as, the breast of a man or of a horse. 2. Either one of the protuberant glands, situated on the front of the chest or thorax in the female of man and of some other mammalia, in which milk is secreted for the nourishment of the young; a mammma; a teat. My brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother. Cant. viii. 1. 3. Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom; the front or forward part of anything; as, a chimney breast; a plow breast; the breast of a hill. Mountains on whose barren breast The laboring clouds do often rest. Milton. 4. (Mining) (a) The face of a coal working. (b) The front of a furnace. 5. The seat of consciousness; the repository of thought and selfÐconsciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the affections and passions; the heart. He has a loyal breast. Shak. 6. The power of singing; a musical voice; Ð so called, probably, from the connection of the voice with the lungs, which lie within the breast. [Obs.] By my troth, the fool has an excellent breast. Shak. Breast drill, a portable drilling machine, provided with a breastplate, for forcing the drill against the work. Ð Breast pang. See Angina pectoris, under Angina. Ð To make a clean breast, to disclose the secrets which weigh upon one; to make full confession. Breast, v. t. [imp. & p. p.Breasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breasted.] To meet, with the breast; to struggle with or oppose manfully; as, to breast the storm or waves. The court breasted the popular current by sustaining the demurrer. Wirt. To breast up a hedge, to cut the face of it on one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the plants. Breast¶band· (?), n. A band for the breast. Specifically: (Naut.) A band of canvas, or a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man who heaves the lead in sounding. Breast¶beam· (?), n. (Mach.) The front transverse beam of a locomotive. Breast¶bone· (?), n. The bone of the breast; the sternum. Breast¶Ïdeep· (?), a. Deep as from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast. See him breastÐdeep in earth, and famish him. Shak. Breast¶ed, a. Having a breast; Ð used in composition with qualifying words, in either a literal or a metaphorical sense; as, a singleÐbreasted coat. The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer openÐbreasted, on these occasions. Spectator. Breast¶fast· (?), n. (Naut.) A large rope to fasten the midship part of a ship to a wharf, or to another vessel. Breast¶height· (?), n. The interior slope of a fortification, against which the garnison lean in firing. Breast¶Ïhigh· (?), a. High as the breast. Breast¶hook·ÿ(?), n. (Naut.) A thick piece of timber in the form of a knee, placed across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore part and unite the bows on each side. Totten. Breast¶ing, n. (Mach.) The curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has spent its force upon the wheel. See Breast wheel. Breast¶knot· (?), n. A pin worn of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch. Breast¶plate· (?), n. 1. A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive armor. Before his old rusty breastplate could be scoured, and his cracked headpiece mended. Swift. 2. A piece against which the workman presses his breast in operating a breast drill, or other similar tool. 3. A strap that runs across a horse's breast. Ash. 4. (Jewish Antiq.) A part of the vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front of the ephod. It was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a span square, set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. See Ephod. Breat¶plow·, Breast¶plough· (?), n. A kind of plow, driven by the breast of the workman; Ð used to cut or pare turf. Breast¶rall· (?), n. The upper rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a balcony; the railing of a quarterÐdeck, etc. Breast¶rope·(?), n. See Breastband. Breast¶sum·merÿ3, n. (Arch.) A summer or girder extending across a building flush with, and supporting, the upper part of a front or external wall; a long lintel; a girder; Ð used principally above shop windows. [Written also brestsummer and bressummer.] Breast¶wheel·ÿ(?), n. A water wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so high as in the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but generally at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in contact with it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards partly by impulse, partly by its weight. Breast¶work· (?), n. 1. (Fort.) A defensive work of moderate height, hastily thrown up, of earth or other material. 2. (Naut.) A railing on the quarterÐdeck and forecastle. Breathÿ(?), n. [OE. breth, breeth, AS. br?? odor, scent, breath; cf. OHG. br¾dam steam, vapor, breath, G. brodem, and possibly E. Brawn, and Breed.] 1. The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration, air which, in the process of respiration, has parted with oxygen and has received carbonic acid, aqueous vapor, warmth, etc. Melted as breath into the wind. Shak. 2. The act of breathing naturally or freely; the power or capacity to breathe freely; as, I am out of breath. 3. The power of respiration, and hence, life. Hood. Thou takest away their breath, they die. Ps. civ. 29. 4. Time to breathe; respite; pause. Give me some breath, some little pause. Shak. 5. A single respiration, or the time of making it; a single act; an instant. He smiles and he frowns in a breath. Dryden. 6. Fig.: That which gives or strengthens life. The earthquake voice of victory, To thee the breath of life. Byron. 7. A single word; the slightest effort; a triffle. A breath can make them, as a breath has made. Goldsmith. 8. A very slight breeze; air in gentle motion. Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea, When not a breath of wind flies o'er its surface. Addison. 9. Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume. Tennison. The breath of flowers. Bacon. 10. Gentle exercise, causing a quicker respiration. An after dinner's breath. Shak. Out of breath, breathless, exhausted; breathing with difficulty. Ð Under one's breath, in low tones. Breath¶aÏbleÿ(?), a. Such as can be breathed. Breath¶aÏbleÏness, n. State of being breathable. Breathe (?),v. i. [imp. & p. p Breathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Breathing.] [From Breath.] 1. To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to live. ½I am in health, I breathe.¸ Shak. Breathes there a man with soul so dead? Sir W. Scott. 2. To take breath; to rest from action. Well? breathe awhile, and then to it again? Shak. 3. To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to exhale; to emanate; to blow gently. The air breathes upon us here most sweetly. Shak. There breathes a living fragrance from the shore. Byron. Breathe, v. t. 1. To inhale and exhale in the process of respiration; to respire. To view the light of heaven, and breathe the vital air. Dryden. 2. To inject by breathing; to infuse; Ð with into. Able to breathe life into a stone. Shak. And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Gen. ii. 7. 3. To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly; to whisper; as, to breathe a vow. He softly breathed thy name. Dryden. Or let the church, our mother, breathe her curse, A mother's curse, on her revolting son. Shak. 4. To exhale; to emit, as breath; as, the flowers breathe odors or perfumes. 5. To express; to manifest; to give forth. Others articles breathe the same severe spirit. Milner. 6. To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by breathing. ½They breathe the flute.¸ Prior. 7. To promote free respiration in; to exercise. And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for men to breathe themselves upon thee. Shak. 8. To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural breathing; to rest; as, to breathe a horse. A moment breathed his panting steed. Sir W. Scott. 9. To put out of breath; to exhaust. Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little breathed by the journey up. Dickens. 10. (Phonetics) To utter without vocality, as the nonvocal consonants. The same sound may be pronounces either breathed, voiced, or whispered. H. Sweet. Breathed elements, being already voiceless, remain unchanged [in whispering]. H. Sweet. To breathe again, to take breath; to feel a sense of relief, as from danger, responsibility, or press of business. Ð To breathe one's last, to die; to expire. Ð To breathe a vein, to open a vein; to let blood. Dryden. Breath¶erÿ(?), n. 1. One who breathes. Hence: (a) One who lives.(b) One who utters. (c) One who animates or inspires. 2. That which puts one out of breath, as violent exercise. [Colloq.] Breath¶ful (?), a. Full of breath; full of odor; fragrant. [Obs.] Breath¶ingÿ(?), n. 1. Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air. Subject to a difficulty of breathing. Melmoth. 2. Air in gentle motion. 3. Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration; as, the breathings of the Spirit. 4. Aspiration; secret prayer. ½Earnest desires and breathings after that blessed state.¸ Tillotson. 5. Exercising; promotion of respiration. Here is a lady that wants breathing too; And I have heard, you knights of Tyre Are excellent in making ladies trip. Shak. 6. Utterance; communication or publicity by words. I am sorry to give breathing to my purpose. Shak. 7. Breathing place; vent. Dryden. 8. Stop; pause; delay. You shake the head at so long a breathing. Shak. 9. Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the

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