Chapter I: Preface (1)

The present volume is an outgrowth of the writer’s “Handbook of American Authors,” first published in 1884, several features which the judgment of the public approved in the earlier work having been retained in this. Without pretending to contain an exhaustive list of American writers, it may nevertheless lay claim to be fairly inclusive, as the more than six thousand names herein mentioned will serve to show. A few names that might naturally be looked for here have been omitted at the request of their owners; while some others have not been included, for the reason that diligent search failed to discover any trustworthy data concerning them. Here and there, too, the reader may chance upon unfilled dates of birth, or initials unexpanded. Yet in the majority of such cases application by letter made directly to the owners of the names aforesaid, or to relatives and immediate friends of such persons, has failed to elicit any response. All reasonable effort has been made to obtain trustworthy information upon such points, but failure to obtain replies to letters of inquiry must account for the greater number of such omissions; and here it may not be out of place to mention that information of more general character obtained from private sources has now and then been received too late to be of service, owing to the fact that the work was already electrotyped before it came to hand.

In a comprehensive work like this, including so large a number of names and so many thousand dates, errors must of necessity occur, and the author cannot hope to escape adverse criticism in this respect. While absolute accuracy would have been impossible to attain, he has nevertheless taken no little pains to approach this ideal; and to this end, besides resorting to the ordinary means of information, he has consulted hundreds of catalogues of libraries, colleges, and publishers, as well as denominational year-books, and in numberless instances has availed himself of trustworthy information received directly from private sources. It thus happens that in certain cases dates given in this volume differ from those in other works of reference, and where this occurs the reason for the adoption of a different date herein is supported by excellent authority.

It has been thought advisable to retain the “u” in the spelling of such words as “colour,” “favour,” and the like, the exceptions to this occurring in titles where the spelling of the original has been followed. In connection with this it may not be amiss to note that the original spelling of titles has been very commonly though not invariably retained. To have done this in every instance, however, would have entailed more labour than it was desirable to incur.

For several reasons the author has thought best in his classification of certain authors to discriminate between poets and verse-writers. To apply the name of poet to each and every writer of verse would have been manifestly unjust. The poets of a generation are not numerous, but the verse-writers are very many. If the term “poet” be loosely applied it loses its signification, while to deny that name to many a writer of excellent verse is to do him no injustice, but rather a service, as it is no disparagement to a private soldier not to be addressed as colonel.

To the many persons who have so cordially responded to his letters of inquiry, and whom he may not thank by name, the writer desires in this place to express his acknowledgments. To Mr. Arthur Mason Knapp, the superintendent of the Bates Hall department of the Boston Public Library, he has been indebted for very much in the way of help and suggestion from the time the work was begun, and to other officials of that department he is under obligations likewise. He also gratefully acknowledges much timely assistance received from the publishing firms of Lee & Shepard, T. Y. Crowell & Co., and Lamson, Wolffe & Co. In the reading of the proofs many valuable suggestions have been received from the proof-readers at the Riverside Press; but his especial thanks are due his friend, Mr. Francis H. Allen, of Boston, whose watchful, critical supervision has been exercised upon every page of proof from first to last. The debt of gratitude which the writer owes him for this service may not be lightly estimated. Without his help, the book would have fallen far short of whatever measure of excellence it may now be judged to attain.

THE HERMITAGE,
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS,
JUNE 17, 1897.

PUBLISHERS NAMED IN THIS VOLUME.

_Am._ American Book Co. New York.
_Ap._ D. Appleton & Co. New York.
_Ar._ Arena Publishing Co. Boston.
_A. U. A._ American Unitarian Association Boston.
_Ba._ Baker & Taylor Co. New York.
_Bai._ Henry Carey Baird & Co. Philadelphia.
_Ban._ Banner of Light Publishing Co. Boston.
_Bap._ American Baptist Publication Society Philadelphia.
_Bar._ A. S. Barnes & Co. New York.
_Ben._ Benziger Bros. New York.
_Bo._ Bowen-Merrill Co. Indianapolis.
_Bon._ Bonnell, Silver & Co. New York.
_Bur._ Burrows Brothers Co. Cleveland.
_Cas._ Cassell Publishing Co. New York.
_Cent._ Century Co. New York.
_Clke._ Robert Clarke Co. Cincinnati.
_Co._ Henry T. Coates & Co. Philadelphia.
_Cop._ Copeland & Day Boston.
_C. P. S._ Congregational S. S. & Publishing Society Boston.
_Cr._ Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. New York and Boston.
_Dil._ G. W. Dillingham Co. New York.
_Dit._ Oliver Ditson Co. Boston.
_Do._ Dodd, Mead & Co. New York.
_Dou._ Doubleday, Page & Co. New York.
_Dut._ E. P. Dutton & Co. New York.
_El._ George H. Ellis Boston.
_Est._ Estes & Lauriat Boston.
_Fen._ R. F. Fenno & Co. New York.
_Fl._ Flood & Vincent Meadville, Pa.
_Fo._ Fords, Howard & Hulbert New York.
_Fu._ Funk & Wagnalls Co. New York.
_Gi._ Ginn & Co. Boston.
_Har._ Harper & Bros. New York.
_He._ D. C. Heath & Co. Boston.
_Hi._ J. A. Hill Co. New York.
_Ho._ Henry Holt & Co. New York.
_Hou._ Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Boston.
_Int._ International Book Co. Chicago.
_J. H. U._ Johns Hopkins University Baltimore.
_Ju._ Orange Judd Co. New York.
_Ke._ Charles H. Kerr & Co. Chicago.
_Kt._ Joseph Knight Co.[1] Boston.
_Lai._ Laird & Lee Chicago.
_Lam._ Lamson, Wolffe & Co. Boston.
_Le._ Lee & Shepard Boston.
_Lgs._ Longmans, Green & Co. London and New York.
_Lip._ J. B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia.
_Lit._ Little, Brown & Co. Boston.
_Ll._ Lovell, Coryell & Co. New York.
_Lo._ Lothrop Publishing Co. Boston.
_Lov._ A. Lovell & Co. New York and Chicago.
_Mac._ Macmillan & Co. New York and London.
_Mar._ Marlier, Callanan & Co. Boston.
_Mc._ McClure, Phillips & Co. New York.
_Mer._ Merriam Co. New York.
_Meth._ Methodist Book Concern New York.
_Mg._ A. C. McClurg & Co. Chicago.
_Mor._ John P. Morton & Co. Louisville.
_My._ David McKay Philadelphia.
_Ne._ F. Tennyson Neely New York.
_Pa._ L. C. Page & Co. Boston.
_Pen._ Penn Publishing Co. Philadelphia.
_Pr._ Preston & Rounds Providence.
_Put._ G. P. Putnam’s Sons New York.
_Ra._ Rand, McNally & Co. Chicago and New York.
_Ran._ A. D. F. Randolph & Co. New York.
_Rev._ Fleming H. Revell Co. Chicago.
_Ric._ George H. Richmond & Co. New York.
_Rob._ Roberts Brothers Boston.
_S._ Herbert S. Stone & Co. Chicago.
_Sc._ Scott, Foresman & Co. Chicago.
_Scr._ Charles Scribner’s Sons New York.
_Se._ N. J. Stone & Co. San Francisco.
_Sh._ Sheldon & Co. New York.
_Sil._ Silver, Burdett & Co. Boston.
_Sm._ Small, Maynard & Co. Boston.
_St._ Stone & Kimball New York.
_Sto._ Frederick A. Stokes Co. New York.
_Vn._ D. Van Nostrand Co. New York.
_Wat._ John D. Wattles & Co. Philadelphia.
_We._ W. A. Wilde & Co. Boston.
_West._ West Publishing Co. Milwaukee.
_Wh._ Thomas Whittaker New York.
_Wil._ John Wiley & Sons New York.
_Wn._ Bradlee Whidden Boston.
_Wy._ Way & Williams Chicago.

PLACE OF BIRTH OF AUTHORS.

The place of birth of the larger number of the authors mentioned in this volume is indicated by an abbreviation placed before the date of birth, which the following list will serve to explain:--

_A._ Austria.
_Al._ Alabama.
_A. M._ Asia Minor.
_Ar._ Argentina.
_Ark._ Arkansas.
_B._ Brazil.
_Ba._ Bermuda.
_B. G._ British Guiana.
_Bh._ Burmah.
_Bm._ Belgium.
_Bo._ Bohemia.
_Bv._ Bavaria.
_C._ Cuba.
_Cal._ California.
_Ch._ China.
_Ct._ Connecticut.
_Cy._ Ceylon.
_Del._ Delaware.
_D. C._ District of Columbia.
_Dk._ Denmark.
_E._ England.
_E. I._ East Indies.
_F._ France.
_Fl._ Florida.
_G._ Germany.
_Ga._ Georgia.
_Gr._ Greece.
_H._ Holland.
_H. I._ Hawaiian Islands.
_Hy._ Hungary.
_I._ Ireland.
_Ia._ Iowa.
_Il._ Illinois.
_Ind._ Indiana.
_Ion._ Ionian Islands.
_Iy._ Italy.
_J._ Jamaica.
_Ky._ Kentucky.
_La._ Louisiana.
_L. I._ Long Island.
_Ma._ Moravia.
_Mch._ Michigan.
_Md._ Maryland.
_Me._ Maine.
_Mg._ Mecklenburg.
_Mi._ Mississippi.
_Min._ Minnesota.
_Mo._ Missouri.
_Ms._ Massachusetts.
_N._ Norway.
_N. B._ New Brunswick.
_N. C._ North Carolina.
_N. H._ New Hampshire.
_N. J._ New Jersey.
_N. M._ New Mexico.
_N. S._ Nova Scotia.
_N. Y._ New York.
_O._ Ohio.
_Ont._ Ontario.
_Or._ Oregon.
_P._ Prussia.
_Pa._ Pennsylvania.
_P. E. I._ Prince Edward Island.
_Per._ Persia.
_Ph._ Philippine Islands.
_Pl._ Portugal.
_Po._ Poland.
_Q._ Quebec.
_R._ Russia.
_R. I._ Rhode Island.
_S._ Scotland.
_Sa._ Syria.
_S. C._ South Carolina.
_Sd._ Switzerland.
_Sg._ Schleswig.
_S. I._ Staten Island.
_Sil._ Silesia.
_Sl._ Senegal.
_Sn._ Sweden.
_Sp._ Spain.
_Sxy._ Saxony.
_Sy._ Sicily.
_Tn._ Tennessee.
_Ts._ Texas.
_Ty._ Turkey.
_Va._ Virginia.
_Vt._ Vermont.
_W._ Wales.
_Wa._ Westphalia.
_Wg._ Wurtemburg.
_Wis._ Wisconsin.
_W. I._ West Indies.
_W. Va._ West Virginia.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

Brackets occurring in the names of men indicate that the portion they inclose has been dropped from the owner’s signature. In the names of women the bracketed portion is the maiden name and, in the case of a second marriage, the first married name also.

A DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN AUTHORS.[2]

=Abbe, Cleveland.= _N. Y._, 1838- ----. A meteorologist of distinction who in 1871 became professor of meteorology in the national weather bureau and has since continued in that position. The more important of his many publications include Solar Spots and Terrestrial Temperature; A Plea for Terrestrial Physics; Atmospheric Radiation; Treatise on Meteorological Apparatus; Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in Meteorology.

=Abbe, Frederick Randolph.= _Ct._, 1827-1889. A Congregational clergyman in Massachusetts. The Temple Rebuilt, a Poem of Christian Faith.

=Abbey, Henry.= _N. Y._, 1842- ----. A resident of Kingston, New York, who has published several collections of pleasant unpretentious verse. Ballads of Good Deeds; The City of Success; May Dreams; Ralph and Other Poems; Stories in Verse.

=Abbey, Richard.= _N. Y._, 1805-1891. A prominent clergyman of the Southern Methodist Church, among whose many theological and controversial writings are, End of the Apostolical Succession; Creed of All Men; Diuturnity; Ecce Ecclesia, a reply to Ecce Homo; The City of God and the Church Makers.

=Abbot, Abiel.= _N. H._, 1765-1859. A Congregational clergyman of Connecticut and Massachusetts. History of Andover; Genealogy of the Abbot Family.

=Abbot, Abiel.= _Ms._, 1770-1828. A Congregational clergyman of Beverly, Massachusetts. Letters from Cuba. His Sermons with Memoir were published in 1831.

=Abbot, Ezra.= _Me._, 1819-1884. A Unitarian biblical scholar of much prominence, who was for many years a professor in the Divinity School of Harvard University, and widely known for the extent of his bibliographical acquirements. Literature of the Doctrine of a Future Life; Authenticity of the Fourth Gospel; The Fourth Gospel and Other Critical Essays. With H. B. Hackett, _infra_, he prepared the American edition of Smith’s Bible Dictionary. _See Memorial of, 1884. El._

=Abbot, Francis Ellingwood.= _Ms._, 1836-1903. A religious and philosophical thinker of advanced views, for some years editor of The Index, whose home was at Cambridge. Scientific Theism; The Way out of Agnosticism. _Lit._

=Abbot, Gorham Dummer.= _Me._, 1807-1874. A Congregational clergyman, long an educator of New York city. He was a brother of Jacob Abbott, _infra_, but returned to an older spelling of his surname. Prayer-Book for the Young; Pleasure and Profit; The Family at Home.

=Abbot, Henry Larcom.= _Ms._, 1831- ----. A general in the United States army, of prominence as an engineer. Besides several series of Professional Papers, his writings include Lectures on the Defence of the Sea Coast of the United States; Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River. _Vn._

=Abbot, Willis John.= _Ct._, 1863- ----. Grandson of J. S. C. Abbott, _infra_, but using an older spelling of the surname. A journalist of New York city. Blue Jackets of 1776; Blue Jackets of 1812; Blue Jackets of ’61, three volumes of history for young people; Battle Fields of ’61; Battle Fields and Camp Fires; Battle Fields and Victory; Life of Carter Harrison. _Do._

=Abbott, Arthur Vaughan.= _N. Y._, 1854- ----. Son of B. V. Abbott, _infra_. A civil, electrical, and mechanical engineer of Chicago. Electrical Transmission of Energy; The Evolution of a Switchboard; History and Use of Testing Machines; Treatise on Fuel. _Vn._

=Abbott, Austin.= _Ms._, 1831-1896. Son of Jacob Abbott, _infra_. A lawyer of New York city who was dean of the Law School of New York University at the time of his death. Besides preparing several works with his brother Benjamin, _infra_, he published Legal Remembrancer, Principles and Forms of Practice in Civil Actions in Courts of Record; The Law of Evidence; Select Cases on Code Pleading; Digest of New York Statutes.

=Abbott, Benjamin Vaughan.= _Ms._, 1830-1890. Son of Jacob Abbott, _infra_. A lawyer of New York city. Law Dictionary; Travelling Law School and Famous Trials; First Lessons in Government and Law; Patent Laws of All Nations; Year-Book of Jurisprudence for 1880; Judge and Jury. _Har. Lit. Lo._

=Abbott, Charles Conrad.= _N. J._, 1843- ----. A naturalist and physician of Trenton, New Jersey, whose writings show a very close and sympathetic observation of nature. The Stone Age in New Jersey; Primitive Industry; A Naturalist’s Rambles about Home; Cyclopædia of Natural History; Upland and Meadow; Wasteland Wanderings; The Birds About Us; Days Out of Doors; Outings at Odd Times; Recent Rambles; Travels in a Treetop; Notes of the Night; A Colonial Wooing, a novel; Bird-Land Echoes. _Ap. Cent. Har. Lip._

=Abbott, Charles Edward.= _Me._, 1811-1880. Brother of Jacob Abbott, _infra_. An educator in Connecticut. Down the Hill; Village Boys.

=Abbott, Edward.= _Me._, 1841- ----. Son of Jacob Abbott, _infra_. An Episcopal clergyman of Cambridge, but prior to 1878 a Congregational minister and editor of The Congregationalist. He is now [1897] the editor of The Literary World. Dialogues of Christ; The Long Look series of juvenile tales; A Trip Eastward; Revolutionary Times; Paragraph History of the United States; Paragraph History of the American Revolution. _Rob._

=Abbott, Jacob.= _Me._, 1803-1879. An educator of New England, who was a voluminous and popular writer for young people. Among his numerous writings the best known are The Franconia Stories; Marco Paul’s Adventures; The Rollo Books; Histories of Celebrated Sovereigns; Harper’s Story Books. _See Bibliography of Maine. Cr. Har._

=Abbott, John Stevens Cabot.= _Me._, 1805-1877. Brother of Jacob Abbott, _supra_. An historical writer, whose partisan spirit seriously impairs the value of his very readable works. He was for some years a Congregational minister, but after 1844 devoted himself to literature and educational work. Among his works are comprised The Mother at Home; Practical Christianity; Romance of Spanish History; American Pioneers and Patriots; History of Napoleon; Napoleon at St. Helena; History of the French Revolution; History of the Civil War in America; Lives of the Presidents; History of Maine from its Discovery by Northmen; Christopher Carson; History of Napoleon III.; History of Frederick the Great; History of Christianity. _See Bibliography of Maine. Do. Har._

=Abbott, Lyman.= _Ms._, 1835- ----. Son of Jacob Abbott, _supra_. A Congregational minister of broad views, who as editor of The Outlook and successor to H. W. Beecher as pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, has exercised a wide influence. Christianity and Social Problems; Jesus of Nazareth; Old Testament Shadows of New Testament Truths; Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament; A Layman’s Story; How to Study the Bible; Life of Christ; In Aid of Faith; The Evolution of Christianity; A Study in Human Nature; Dictionary of Religious Knowledge (with T. J. Conant, _infra_). _Bar. Do. Dut. Fo. Har. Hou. Meth. Put._

=Abeel, David.= _N. J._, 1804-1846. A Reformed Dutch missionary in China. Journal of a Residence in China; A Missionary Convention at Jerusalem; The Claims of the World to the Gospel. _See Memoirs by G. B. Williamson, 1849._

=Abert= [ā´bert], =Silvanus Thayer.= _Pa._, 1828- ----. A civil engineer in the United States service. Notes Historical and Statistical upon the Projected Route for an Interoceanic Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific.

=Adams, Mrs. Abigail [Smith].= _Ms._, 1744-1818. Wife of President John Adams, _infra_. Known to literature by her entertaining Letters edited by her grandson.

=Adams, Brooks.= _Ms._, 1848- ----. Son of Charles Francis Adams, _infra_. A lawyer of Boston. The Gold Standard; The Emancipation of Massachusetts, a careful study of the evolution of religious freedom; The Law of Civilization and Decay, an Essay in History. _See The Forum, January, 1897. Hou. Mac._

=Adams, Charles.= _N. H._, 1808-1890. A Methodist clergyman who wrote extensively, and among whose works are Evangelism in the Middle of the 19th Century; Women of the Bible; The Poet Preacher, a Memorial of Charles Wesley; The Earth and its Wonders; Life of Cromwell; Life Sketches of Macaulay. _Meth._

=Adams, Charles Baker.= _Ms._, 1814-1853. A naturalist, who published Contributions to Conchology; Monographs of Several Species of Shells.

=Adams, Charles Coffin.= 182- -1888. An Episcopal clergyman. Creation, a Recent Work of God; Life of Christ; Anthrosophy; The Bible, a Scientific Revelation.

=Adams, Charles Follen.= _Ms._, 1842- ----. A humourous verse-writer of Boston, principally known as the author of Leedle Yawcob Strauss. Leedle Yawcob Strauss, and Other Poems; Dialect Ballads. _Har. Le._

=Adams, Charles Francis.= _Ms._, 1807-1886. Son of President John Quincy Adams, _infra_. An eminent diplomatist, who was Minister to England during the period of the Civil War. He edited The Life and Works of John Adams; Letters of Mrs. Abigail Adams; Life and Works of John Q. Adams; Familiar Letters of John and Abigail Adams, with Memoir of Mrs. Adams. _See Life by his son, C. F. Adams, infra. Hou._

=Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.= _Ms._, 1835- ----. Son of C. F. Adams, _supra_. An officer in the Union army during the Civil War, and subsequently an expert in railway science and president of the Union Pacific Railway. Since resigning that office he has devoted his attention to historical writing, his estimates of men and motives often differing materially from those of other writers in the same field. Notes on Railway Accidents; Chapters of Erie; Railroads; A College Fetich; Massachusetts, its Historians and its History; Three Episodes of Massachusetts History; Richard Henry Dana [_infra_], a Biography; Life of Charles Francis Adams. _Hou. Le. Put._

=Adams, Charles Kendall.= _Vt._, 1835-1902. The president of Wisconsin University and formerly of Cornell University. Manual of Historical Literature; Democracy and Monarchy in France; Christopher Columbus. _Har._

=Adams, Francis Colburn.= _Circa_ 1850. A writer of Charleston, South Carolina, who wrote under various pseudonyms. Manuel Pereira, or the Sovereign Rule of South Carolina; Uncle Tom at Home; Our World, or the Democrats’ Rule; Justice in the Byways; Life and Adventures of Major Potter; An Outcast, a novel; The Story of a Trooper; Siege of Washington, for Little People; The Von Toodleburgs, or the Memoirs of a Very Distinguished Family.

=Adams, George Burton.= _Vt._, 1851- ----. An historical writer, professor of history at Yale University. Civilization during the Middle Ages; The Growth of the French Nation. _Fl. Scr._

=Adams, Hannah.= _Ms._, 1755-1832. An industrious and painstaking writer on religious and historical subjects, whose chief claim to distinction at present is that she was the first woman in America who made literature a profession. A View of Religious Opinions; History of New England; History of the Jews; Evidences of Christianity. _See Memoir by herself, with additions by another hand, 1832._

=Adams, Henry.= _Ms._, 1838- ----. Son of Charles Francis Adams, _supra_. An historian and political biographer, living in Washington. Life of John Randolph; Life of Albert Gallatin; History of the United States, 1801-17; Historical Essays; Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law. _Hou. Lip. Scr._

=Adams, Henry Carter.= _Ia._, 1852- ----. A political economist of note. Public Debts: an Essay in the Science of Finance; Taxation in the United States, 1789-1816. _Ap._

=Adams, Herbert Baxter.= _Ms._, 1850-1901. A professor of history at Johns Hopkins University, and the secretary of the American Historical Association from its beginning. The Germanic Origin of New England Towns; Saxon Tithingmen in America; Norman Constables in America; Village Communities of Cape Ann and Salem; Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia; Methods of Historical Study; History of the United States Constitution. He edited the Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, _infra_. _Hou._

=Adams, Jasper.= _Ms._, 1793-1841. An Episcopal clergyman, once noted as an educator at West Point, Charleston, and elsewhere, who published The Elements of Moral Philosophy.

=Adams, John.= _N. S._, 1704-1740. A clergyman of Newport and Philadelphia, much esteemed in his day as a poet. Poems on Several Occasions, a volume of his verses posthumously collected and printed, shows, however, no very especial marks of poetic talent.

=Adams, John.= _Ms._, 1735-1826. The second President of the United States, and a political writer of great ability and force. A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law, a work relating to the constitutional rights of New England; Thoughts on Government; Novanglus: a History of the Dispute with America from 1754 to 1774; Defence of the American Constitution; Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political History. _See complete Works in 10 volumes, 1850-56. See, also, Lives by J. Q. and C. F. Adams, 1871; John Adams, by Morse, 1885; Histories of the United States, by Bancroft, McMaster, Henry Adams, and Schouler; Parker’s Historic Americans; Appleton’s American Biography._

=Adams, John Coleman.= _Ms._, 1849- ----. Son of J. G. Adams, _infra_. A Universalist clergyman and editor of New York city. Christian Types of Heroism; The Fatherhood of God; The Leisure of God and Other Studies in Spiritual Evolution.

=Adams, John Greenleaf.= _N. H._, 1810-1887. A Universalist clergyman, among whose writings the chief are The Universalist Church, its Faith and its Works; Universalism of the Lord’s Prayer; Talks About the Bible to Young Folks; Fifty Notable Years, or Views of the Ministry of Universalism.

=Adams, John Quincy.= _Ms._, 1767-1848. Son of President John Adams, _supra_. The sixth President of the United States, and a statesman whose writings, though mainly political in their character, include several purely literary works. Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory; The Bible and its Teachings; Poems of Religion and Society; Letters on Freemasonry; Lives of Celebrated Statesmen, and many State Papers. _See Complete Works, edited by C. F. Adams, with Life; also Diary of; Lives by Seward, Quincy, Morse; Histories of the United States by Bancroft, McMaster, Schouler._ _Lip._

=Adams, John Turvill.= _B. G._, 1805-1882. A lawyer of Norwich, Connecticut. The Knight of the Golden Melice, an historical tale; The Lost Hunter.

=Adams, Julius Walker.= _Ms._, 1812-1899. An engineer of distinction, who was employed in many important engineering works. Sewers and Drains for Populous Districts.

=Adams, Myron.= _N. Y._, 1841-1895. A Congregational clergyman of Rochester, New York, from 1876 until his death. The Creation of the Bible; The Continuous Creation, an Application of the Evolutionary Philosophy to the Christian Religion. _Hou._

=Adams, Nehemiah.= _Ms._, 1806-1878. A once noted Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose most famous work, A South Side View of Slavery, provoked much hostile criticism. Among other works by him are Walks to Emmaus; Scriptural Argument for Endless Punishment; Remarks on Unitarian Belief; Life of John Eliot; Agnes and the Little Key; Evenings with the Doctrines.

=Adams, Robert Chamblet.= _Ms._, 1839- ----. Son of Nehemiah Adams, _supra_. History of England in Rhyme; History of the United States in Rhyme; On Board the Rocket; Aids to Endeavour, Evolution, a Summary of Evidence; Travels in Faith from Tradition to Reason; Pioneer Pith. _Lo._

=Adams, Samuel.= _Ms._, 1722-1803. Cousin of President John Adams, _supra_. A statesman and orator who fills a large place in the annals of the American Revolution. _See Lives by Wells, Hosmer, 1885; Harper’s Magazine, vol. 53._

=Adams, William.= _Ct._, 1807-1880. A Presbyterian clergyman of prominence in New York city, 1835-80. The Three Gardens: Eden, Gethsemane, Paradise; Conversations of Jesus Christ with Representative Men; In the World, not of the World; Thanksgiving, Memories of the Day and Helps to the Habit.

=Adams, William.= _I._, 1813-1897. An Episcopal clergyman who was one of the founders of Nashotah Theological Seminary, Wisconsin, and professor of systematic divinity there from 1841. Mercy to Babes; Elements of Christian Science; New Treatise of Baptismal Regeneration.

=Adams, William Taylor=, “Oliver Optic.” _Ms._, 1822-1897. A prolific and popular writer of books for boys, who was for many years a teacher in the Boston public schools. Among his writings are Army and Navy Series; Young America Abroad Series; Lake Shore Series; Starry Flag Series. _Le._

=Ade, George.= _Il._, 1866- ----. A Chicago journalist. Artie: a Story of the Streets and Town. _S._

=Adeler, Max.= _See Clark, C. H._

=Adler, Felix.= _G._, 1851- ----. An ethical reformer of New York city. Creed and Deed; The Moral Instruction of Children. _Ap. Put._

=Adler, Georg.= _G._, 1821-1868. A philologist of New York city who was the author of a valuable German and English Dictionary and other educational works. _Ap._

=Agassiz= [ag´a-see or ä-gäs-se´], =Alexander.= _Sd._, 1835- ----. Son of L. Agassiz, _infra_. Marine zoölogist. Born in Neuchatel, he came to America with his father, and has distinguished himself in lines of special scientific research. Exploration of Lake Titicaca; List of the Echinoderms; Three Cruises of the Blake: a Contribution to American Thalassography. _Hou._

=Agassiz, Mrs. Elizabeth [Cary].= _Ms._, 1822- ----. Wife of L. Agassiz, _infra_. Life of Louis Agassiz; Seaside Studies in Natural History (with A. Agassiz, _supra_).

=Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe.= _Sd._, 1807-1873. A naturalist of eminence. Founder of the Museum of Natural History at Cambridge. Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles; Lake Superior, Natural History of Fresh-Water Fishes of Central Europe; Etudes sur les Glaciers; Système Glacière; Methods of Study in Natural History; Geological Sketches; Structure of Animal Life; Journey in Brazil. _See Whipple’s Character and Characteristic Men; Louis Agassiz and Evolution, Popular Science Monthly, vol. 32; Lives by Mrs. E. Agassiz, Holder, 1892, Jules Marcou, 1896; Lowell’s ode, Agassiz._

=Agnew, David Hayes.= _Pa._, 1810-1892. A physician who was for a long time professor of surgery in the University of Pennsylvania. His writings were the outcome of wide experience. Handbook of Practical Anatomy; Principles and Practice of Surgery: a treatise on Surgical Diseases and Injuries. _See Life of, by J. H. Adams, 1892._ _Lip._

=Aikman, William.= _N. Y._, 1824- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman. The Moral Power of the Sea; Life at Home, or the Family and its Members; The Altar in the Home; A Bachelor’s Talks about Married Life.

=Aimwell, Walter.= _See Simonds._

=Ainslie, Hew.= _S._, 1792-1878. A Scottish poet who emigrated to America in 1822 and lived mainly in Kentucky. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, a prose work with lyrics interspersed; Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems.

=Akers, Elizabeth.= _See Allen, Mrs._

=Albee, John.= _Ms._, 1833- ----. Formerly a clergyman; now living at Chocorua, New Hampshire. Literary Art; St. Aspenquid: an Indian Idyl; Prose Idyls. _Hou. Put._

=Alcott= [awl´kot], =Amos Bronson.= _Ct._, 1799-1888. A philosopher of a singularly unpractical type, whose personality was of greater interest than his writings. Conversations with Children on the Gospels; Table Talk, Emerson; Essays; Tablets, Concord Days, Sonnets, and Canzonets; New Connecticut: a poem. _See Miss E. P. Peabody’s Records of a School; Life, by F. B. Sanborn and W. T. Harris, 1893._ _Rob._

=Alcott, Louisa May.= _Pa._, 1832-1888. Daughter of A. B. Alcott, _supra_. A writer whose books for young people have been widely popular. They cannot, however, claim consideration as examples of literary art. Among them are Little Women; Little Men; An Old-Fashioned Girl; Eight Cousins; Under the Lilacs. Moods; Hospital Sketches; A Modern Mephistopheles, are works for older readers. The thoughtful poem, Thoreau’s Flute, is her finest effort. _See Life, Letters, and Journals, edited by Mrs. Cheney; Recollections of, by Mrs. M. S. Porter, 1893._ _Rob._

=Alcott, William Andrus.= _Ct._, 1798-1859. Cousin of A. B. Alcott, _supra_. An energetic, earnest writer upon diet reform. The House I Live in; Vegetable Diet; Library of Health.

=Alden= [awl´den], =Henry Mills.= _Vt._, 1836- ----. A thoughtful and suggestive writer on religious themes who has been editor of Harper’s Magazine from 1869. God in his World; A Study of Death. _Har._

=Alden, Mrs. Isabella [Macdonald].= “Pansy.” _N. Y._, 1841- ----. A very prolific writer of religious tales for young people, the literary worth of which is inconsiderable. Four Girls at Chautauqua; Chautauqua Girls at Home, are among the earlier ones. _Lo._

=Alden, Joseph.= _N. Y._, 1807-1885. An industrious contributor to educational and Sunday-school literature. He was for many years president of the Normal School at Albany. Example of Washington; Citizen’s Manual; Christian Ethics; The Science of Government; Studies in Bryant; Elements of Intellectual Philosophy. _Ap. Le. Meth._

=Alden, William Livingston.= _Ms._, 1837- ----. Son of J. Alden, _supra_. A humourous writer who has for some time resided in London. A New Robinson Crusoe; Domestic Explosions; Shooting Stars; Moral Pirates; Cruise of the Canoe Club; Life of Christopher Columbus. _Har. Ho. Put._

=Aldrich= [awl´dritch], =Annie Reeve.= _N. Y._, 1866-1892. A New York city writer of notably erotic verse and fiction. The Rose of Flame and Other Poems of Love; Songs about Life, Love, and Death; The Feet of Love: a novel. _Put._

=Aldrich, James.= _N. Y._, 1810-1866. A littérateur of New York, who established The Literary Gazette in 1840, in which a number of his verses appeared. His Poems were privately printed by his daughter in 1884.

=Aldrich, Thomas Bailey.= _N. H._, 1837- ----. A poet and novelist whose work in both verse and prose is distinguished for grace of expression and delicacy of execution. Verse: The Bells; Ballad of Baby Bell; Pampinea; Flower and Thorn; Cloth of Gold; Friar Jerome’s Beautiful Book; XXXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets; The Sisters’ Tragedy; Wyndham Towers; Unguarded Gates; Mercedes and Later Lyrics; Judith and Holofernes. Prose: Prudence Palfrey; The Queen of Sheba; The Stillwater Tragedy; Marjorie Daw and Other Stories; Two Bites at a Cherry, with Other Tales; The Story of a Bad Boy; An Old Town by the Sea: a description of Portsmouth, the author’s birthplace; From Ponkapog to Pesth: Travel Sketches; Ponkapog Papers. _See Stedman’s Poets of America; Vedder’s American Writers._ _Hou._

=Alexander, Archibald.= _Va._, 1772-1851. A Presbyterian clergyman who was professor at Princeton Theological Seminary 1812-51. Evidences of Christianity; The Canon of Scripture; Moral Science; Bible Dictionary, are some of his many works. _See Life, by J. W. Alexander; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit._ _Scr._

=Alexander, Caleb.= _N. Y._, 1775-1828. A clergyman, much of whose life was spent in teaching at Onondaga, New York. He published Latin and English grammars; Essay on the Deity of Christ; The Columbian Dictionary; Grammar Elements: a literal prose version of Virgil.

=Alexander, James Waddel.= _Va._, 1804-1859. Son of A. Alexander, _supra_. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city. Plain Words to a Young Communicant; Sacramental Discourses; Thoughts on Preaching; Life of Archibald Alexander; Consolation; The American Mechanic and Workingman, are among his writings. _Ran. Scr._

=Alexander, John Henry.= _Md._, 1812-1867. A once noted Maryland scientist. History of the Metallurgy of Iron; Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern; International Tonnage; Treatise of Mathematical Instruments; Introits; Catena Dominica: a collection of religious poems.

=Alexander, Joseph Addison.= _Pa._, 1809-1860. Son of A. Alexander, _supra_. A Presbyterian clergyman, professor at Princeton College, and Theological Seminary, 1820-60. He was the author of Commentaries on the Psalms, Isaiah, Acts, Matthew, and Mark; and many theological reviews, often as sarcastic as they were forcible. _See Life, by H. C. Alexander; Hart’s American Literature._ _Scr._

=Alexander, Samuel Davies.= _N. J._, 1819-1894. Son of A. Alexander, _supra_. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city from 1855. Princeton College in the 18th Century. _Scr._

=Alexander, Stephen.= _N. Y._, 1806-1883. An astronomer who was a professor at Princeton College, 1834-78. Physical Phenomena of Solar Eclipses; Certain Harmonies of the Solar System.

=Alger= [ă´jẽr], =Horatio, Jr.= _Ms._, 1832-1899. The author of a long series of popular juvenile tales, among which the Ragged Dick stories are best known. _Co._

=Alger, William Rounseville=. _Ms._, 1822- ----. A Unitarian clergyman and lecturer of Boston. Symbolic History of the Cross; The School of Life; History of the Doctrine of a Future Life; The Solitudes of Nature and Man; The Friendships of Women; Poetry of the Orient; Life of Edwin Forrest. _A. U. A. Lip. Rob._

=Alice, Aunt.= _See Graves, Mrs._

=Alice, Cousin.= _See Haven, Mrs._

=Allan, William.= _Va._, 1837-1889. A lieutenant-colonel in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Battlefields of Virginia; Jackson’s Valley Campaign; Army of Northern Virginia. _Hou. Lip._

=Allen, Alexander Viets Griswold.= _Ms._, 1841- ----. An Episcopal clergyman, prominent among leaders of modern religious thought, and a professor in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge. The Continuity of Christian Thought: a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of its History; Life of Jonathan Edwards; The Greek Theology and the Renaissance of the 19th Century; Religious Progress. _Hou._

=Allen, Mrs. Elizabeth Ann [Chase] [Akers]=, “Florence Percy.” _Me._ 1832- ----. A writer of verse, whose song, “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother,” is her most famous though not her best poem. The Triangular Society; Queen Catharine’s Rose; Forest Buds; Poems by Florence Percy; The Silver Bridge; The High Top Sweeting. _Hou. Scr._

=Allen, Frederick De Forest.= _O._, 1844-1897. A professor of classical philology at Harvard University from 1880. Remnants of Early Latin; Greek Versification in Inscriptions.

=Allen, Fred Hovey. N. H.=, 1845- ----. A clergyman, author of the text of a number of popular art works, such as Great Cathedrals of the World; Modern German Masters; Recent German Art; Famous Paintings; Grand Modern Paintings; Glimpses of Parisian Art; History of the Reformation.

=Allen, Harrison.= _Pa._, 1841-1897. A surgeon of Philadelphia, professor in the University of Pennsylvania from 1865. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy; System of Human Anatomy. _Lip._

=Allen, Ira.= _Ct._, 1751-1814. An officer in the American army during the Revolutionary War, who was afterwards instrumental in settling the disputes between Vermont and its neighbours. Natural and Political History of Vermont.

=Allen, James Lane.= _Ky._, 1849- ----. At one time a teacher, now devoted to literature. A writer of short stories, notable for literary excellence. Flute and Violin; The Blue Grass Region and Other Sketches of Kentucky; John Gray: a Novel; The Kentucky Cardinal; Aftermath; A Summer in Arcady; The Choir Invisible; The Reign of Law; Two Gentlemen of Kentucky. _Har. Lip. Mac._

=Allen, Jerome.= _Vt._, 1830-1894. An educator of New York, dean of the School of Pedagogy. Handbook of Experimental Chemistry; Methods for Teachers in Grammar; Mind Studies for Young Teachers; Temperament in Education.

=Allen, Joel Asaph.= _Ms._, 1838- ----. A naturalist who since 1885 has been curator of ornithology and mammalogy in the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. History of North American Pinnipeds; Monographs of North American Rodentia (with E. Coues, _infra_).

=Allen, Joseph Henry.= _Ms._, 1820-1898. A Unitarian clergyman of Cambridge, who is also noted as the author of a number of valuable and popular classical text-books. Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy; Hebrew Men and Times; Christian History in Three Great Periods; Fragments of Christian History; Historical Sketch of the Unitarian Movement since the Reformation; Our Liberal Movement in Theology; Outline of Christian History, A. D. 50-1880; are some of his religious works. _El. Gi. Rob._

=Allen’s Wife, Josiah.= _See Holley._

=Allen, Lewis Falley.= _Ms._, 1800-1890. A once prominent cattle broker. Rural Architecture; The American Herd Book; American Cattle.

=Allen, Nathan.= _Ms._, 1813-1889. A physician of Lowell. The Law of Human Increase; The Opium Trade; Physical Development.

=Allen, Paul.= _R. I._, 1775-1826. A journalist of Philadelphia. Poems: Noah, a poem in five cantos; Life of Alexander I.; Lewis and Clark’s Novels. The Life of Washington, which bears his name, was written by John Neal, _infra_, and others.

=Allen, Richard Lamb.= _Ms._, 1803-1869. Brother of L. F. Allen, _supra_, with whom, in 1842, he founded the American Agriculturalist. Domestic Animals; Diseases of Domestic Animals; New American Farm Book (with _L. F. Allen_). _See Last Letters of, with Memoir._

=Allen, Stephen Merrill.= _N. H._, 1819-1894. A banker and merchant of Boston. Fibrilia and Fibrous Manufactures, Ancient and Modern; Theories of Light; Religion and Science.

=Allen, Timothy Field.= _Vt._, 1837-1902. A physician of New York city, dean of the Homœopathic Medical College from 1882. Characeæ Americanæ; General Symptom-Register of Homœopathic Materia Medica. He has edited Encyclopædia of Pure Materia Medica.

=Allen, William.= _Ms._, 1784-1868. The author of an American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, the first edition of which appeared in 1809, the earliest work of the kind in the United States. From 1820 to 1829 he was president of Bowdoin College. Lectures to Young Men; Junius Unmasked; Wunissoo: a poem, with notes.

=Allen, William Francis.= _Ms._, 1830-1889. Brother of J. H. Allen, _supra_. A professor in the University of Wisconsin. He published Outline Studies in the History of Ireland; Monographs and Essays; and edited a collection of Slave Songs.

=Allen, Willis Boyd.= _Me._, 1855- ----. A Boston littérateur whose writings are popular with juvenile readers. Among them are The Red Mountain of Alaska; Pine Cones; Silver Rags; Kelp; The Mammoth Hunters. He has published In the Morning, a collection of verse. _Est. Lo. Ran._

=Allen, Zachariah.= _R. I._, 1795-1882. A noted inventor and manufacturer of Providence. Practical Tourist; Practical Mechanics; Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature; Solar Light and Heat. _See Memorial by A. Perry, 1883._ _Ap._

=Allerton, Mrs. Ellen [Palmer].= _N. Y._, 1835-1893. A Kansas writer living at Padonia in that State. Poems of the Prairies.

=Allibone, Samuel Austin.= _Pa._, 1816-1889. A Philadelphia author widely known by his Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, a work of immense labour and research. It is of great value as a work of reference, but is not an infallible guide, and is more or less marred by trivial comment and moralizing. _See Pennsylvania Magazine, vol. 15, 1891._ _Lip._

=Allmond, Marcus Blakey.= _Va._, 1851- ----. An educator of Louisville who has published Estelle, an Idyl of Old Virginia, a volume of verse; Agricola, an Eastern Idyl; Outlines of Latin Syntax.

=Allston= [awl´ston], =Robert Francis Withers.= _S. C._, 1801-1864. A South Carolina statesman well known at one time as an agricultural reformer. Memoir on Rice; Essay on Sea Coast Crops; Report on Public Schools.

=Allston, Washington.= _S. C._, 1779-1843. A once famous artist of Cambridge who was also known as a poet and romancer. Sylphs of the Seasons and Other Poems; The Romance of Monaldi; Lectures on Art. _See Tuckerman’s Book of the Artists; Life and Letters, edited by J. Flagg, 1892._

=Alsop= [awl´sop], =Richard.= _Ct._, 1761-1815. A once noted political satirist, chief of the “Hartford Wits,” who wrote The Echo, a series of metrical parodies upon current publications, orations, state papers, and the like. Other works by Alsop are The Charms of Fancy; A Monody on the Death of Washington; The Enchanted Lake of the Fairy Morgana.

=Alvord= [awl´vord], =Benjamin.= _Vt._, 1813-1884. A United States officer who served in the Mexican and Civil wars. Tangencies of Circles and Spheres; Interpretation of Imaginary Roots in Questions of Maxima and Minima.

=Ames, Charles Gordon.= _Ms._, 1828- ----. A Unitarian clergyman who became pastor of the Church of the Disciples in Boston on the death of J. F. Clarke, _infra_. George Eliot’s Two Marriages; As Natural as Life: Studies of the Inner Kingdom.

=Ames, Mrs. Eleanor Maria [Easterbrook]=, “Eleanor Kirk.” 1830- ----. A littérateur of Brooklyn. Up Broadway and Its Sequel; Information for Authors; Perpetual Youth.

=Ames, Fisher.= _Ms._, 1758-1808. Son of N. Ames, _infra_. A statesman whose speeches are marked examples of condensed effective statement as well as of felicitous expression. Laocoon and Other Essays. _See Works of, with Memoir, 1854; Magoon’s Orators of the American Revolution._

=Ames, Lucia True.= _N. H._, 1856- ----. A Boston writer who has published Great Thoughts for Little Thinkers; Memoirs of a Millionaire, a novel. _Hou. Put._

=Ames, Mary Clemmer.= _See Hudson, Mrs._

=Ames, Nathaniel.= _Ms._, 1708-1764. A physician of Dedham, Massachusetts, who published, 1725-64, an Astronomical Diary and Almanac which contained much shrewd humour and original philosophy and was widely popular. _See Tyler’s American Literatures; Essays, Humour and Poems of Nathaniel Ames, father and son, edited by S. Briggs, 1891._

=Ammen, Daniel.= _O._, 1820-1898. A rear-admiral of the United States navy, the designer of the Ammen life raft. The Atlantic Coast; Country Homes and their Improvement; The Old Navy and the New. _Lip. Scr._

=Amory, Thomas Coffin.= _Ms._, 1812-1889. A lawyer of Boston. Life of James Sullivan, Governor of Massachusetts; Military Services of Major-General John Sullivan; Life of Sir Isaac Coffin.

=Anagnos, Mrs. Julia Romana [Howe].= 1844-1886. Daughter of Dr. S. G. and Julia Ward Howe, _infra_, and wife of M. Anagnos, the Superintendent of the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. Stray Chords, a volume of verse; Philosophiæ Questor.

=Anderson, Alexander.= _N. Y._, 1775-1870. The first wood-engraver in the United States. He was the author of an illustrated General History of Quadrupeds.

=Anderson, John Jacob.= _N. Y._, 1821- ----. An educator of New York city who prepared a number of historical text books, among which are A History of France; Common School History of the United States. _My._

=Anderson, Mary.= _See Navarro._

=Anderson, Rasmus Björn.= _Wis._, 1846- ----. A Norse scholar of Norwegian descent who has translated Björnson’s novels and written much in relation to Norse mythology. America not Discovered by Columbus; Norse Mythology; Viking Tales of the North; The Younger Edda; The Elder Edda. _Sc._

=Anderson, Rufus.= _Me._, 1796-1880. A clergyman, who was secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions, 1824-74. Foreign Missions, their Relations and Claims; History of the American Board’s Missions in the Sandwich Islands, Turkey and India, Peloponnesus and Greek Islands. _C. P. S._

=Andrew, James Osgood.= _Ga._, 1794-1871. A bishop of the Methodist Church South. Family Government; Miscellanies.

=Andrews, Christopher Columbus.= _N. H._, 1829- ----. A brevet major-general in the United States army, who was minister to Sweden 1869-77, and consul-general to Brazil 1882-85. Minnesota and Dakota (1857); Practical Treatise on the Revenue Laws of the United States; Hints to Company Officers on their Military Duties; History of the Campaign of Mobile; Digests of the Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the United States; Brazil, its Condition and Prospects (1887), third enlarged edition (1895). _Ap._

=Andrews, Elisha Benjamin.= _N. H._, 1844- ----. A prominent educator, president of Brown University. Institutes of General History; Institutes of Economics; Brief Institutes of our Economical History; An Honest Dollar; Eternal Words and Other Sermons; History of the United States; Wealth and Moral Law; History of the Last Quarter Century in the United States, 1870-95. _Gi. Scr. Sil._

=Andrews, Eliza Frances.= _Ga._, 1840- ----. An educator of Macon, Georgia, whose writing is mainly in the line of fiction. A Mere Adventurer; A Family Secret; How he was Tempted; Prince Hal.

=Andrews, Ethan Allen.= _Ct._, 1787-1858. An educator who was at one time professor of ancient languages in the University of North Carolina. Beside a Latin-English Dictionary, he published a valuable series of classical text-books. _Hou._

=Andrews, Israel Ward.= _Ct._, 1815-1888. President of Marietta College. His only published work of importance is a Manual of the Constitution of the United States. _Va._

=Andrews, Jane.= _Ms._, 1833-1887. A writer of Newburyport whose books for children have long been deservedly popular. Seven Little Sisters who Live on the Round Ball that Floats in the Air; The Seven Little Sisters Prove their Sisterhood; The Stories Mother Nature Told; Ten Boys who Lived on the Road from Long Ago to Now; Only a Year and what it Brought. _Gi._

=Andrews, Samuel James.= _Ct._, 1817- ----. Brother of I. W. Andrews, _supra_. An Irvingite clergyman of Hartford, Connecticut. The Life of Our Lord upon Earth; God’s Revelations of Himself to Men. _Scr._

=Andrews, Sidney.= 1837-1880. A Boston journalist. The Art of Flying; The South since the War.

=Andrews, Stephen Pearl.= _Ms._, 1812-1886. An eccentric writer of New York city, the originator of phonographic reporting and at one period prominent as an abolitionist. Among his many and varied works are Basic Outline of Universalogy, in which he advocated the adoption of a universal language called Alwato; Discourses in Chinese; Comparison of Common Law with Roman, French, or Spanish Law on Entails and Other Limited Property; Love, Marriage and Divorce.

=Angell, Henry Clay.= _R. I._, 1829- ----. A professor of ophthalmology in Boston University. Diseases of the Eye; How to Take Care of our Eyes; Records of W. M. Hunt. _Rob._

=Angell, James Burrill.= _R. I._, 1829- ----. President of Michigan University since 1871. Manual of French Literature; Progress in International Law.

=Angell, Joseph Kinnicut.= _R. I._, 1794-1857. A legal writer of Rhode Island, among whose works are Treatise on the Common Law of Watercourses; The Law of Tide Waters; The Limitation of Actions. _Lit._

=Anspach, Frederick Rinehart.= _Pa._, 1815-1867. A Lutheran clergyman of Hagerstown, Maryland. Sons of the Sires; Sepulchres of Our Departed; The Two Pilgrims.

=Anthon, Charles.= _N. Y._, 1797-1867. A noted classical scholar, for many years professor of ancient languages at Columbia College. He was the author of some fifty classical text-books, including a Classical Dictionary. _Har._

=Anthon, John.= _Mch._, 1784-1863. Brother of Charles Anthon, _supra_. A jurist of New York city. Essay on the Study of Law; Analysis of Blackstone; Nisi Prius Cases; American Precedents.

=Appleton, Jesse.= _N. H._, 1772-1819. A Congregational clergyman, president of Bowdoin College, 1807-19. Addresses; Lectures. His works, with Memoir by A. S. Packard, _infra_, appeared in 1837.

=Appleton, John.= 1804-1891. A former chief justice of Maine eminent as a legal reformer. The Rules of Evidence Stated and Discussed.

=Appleton, John Howard.= _Me._, 1844- ----. A professor of chemistry at Brown University since 1868. The Young Chemist; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis; Chemistry of Non Metals. _Sil._

=Appleton, Thomas Gold.= _Ms._, 1812-1884. An artist and littérateur of Boston. A Sheaf of Papers; A Nile Journal; Windfalls; Syrian Sunshine; Chequer-Work; Faded Leaves, a volume of verse. _See Life and Letters, edited by Susan Hale, 1885._ _Rob._

=Apthorp, William Foster.= _Ms._, 1848- ----. A musical newspaper critic of Boston. Musicians and Music Lovers and Other Essays. He has translated Zola’s Jacques Damour. =Cop. Scr.=

=Archibald, Andrew Webster.= _N. Y._, 1851- ----. A Congregational clergyman of prominence in Iowa. The Bible Verified.

=Archibald, Mrs. George.= _See Palmer, Mrs. Anna._

=Arey, Mrs. Harriet Ellen [Grannis].= _Vt._, 1819- ----. An educator whose home is in Cleveland. Household Songs and Other Poems; Home and School Training. _Lip._

=Arkwright, Peleg.= _See Proudfit, D._

=Armitage, Thomas.= _E._, 1819-1896. A prominent Baptist clergyman of New York city. Jesus, his Self Introspection; Lectures on Preaching; History of the Baptists.

=Armstrong, George Dodd.= _N. J._, 1813-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of Norfolk, Virginia. The Summer of the Pestilence; The Doctrine of Baptisms; The Christian Doctrine of Slavery; Theology of Christian Experience; The Sacraments of the New Testament; The Books of Nature and Revelation, a criticism of the theory of evolution. _Fu._

=Armstrong, John.= _Pa._, 1758-1843. An officer of note in the American army at the time of the Revolution. He was the author of the first of the famous Newburg Letters, and in later life published Notes on the War of 1812; Treatise on Gardening; Treatise on Agriculture; Memoirs of Generals Montgomery and Wayne.

=Arnold, Albert Nicholas.= _R. I._, 1814-1883. A Baptist clergyman who held professorships in several Baptist seminaries successively. Pre-requisites to Communion; Evils of Infant Baptism; One Woman’s Mission.

=Arnold, George.= _N. Y._, 1834-1865. A journalist and poet of New York city, whose verse is musical without being especially strong. Drift and Other Poems; Poems Grave and Gay. _See Biographical Sketch by W. Winter, infra._ _Hou._

=Arnold, Isaac Newton.= _N. Y._, 1815-1884. A prominent Chicago lawyer and politician, member of Congress, 1861-65. Life of Abraham Lincoln; Life of Benedict Arnold; Recollections of the Early Chicago and Illinois Bar. _Mg._

=Arnold, Lauren Briggs.= _N. Y._, 1814-1888. An agriculturist of western New York who lectured frequently upon dairy husbandry and was the author of American Dairying.

=Arnold, Samuel Greene.= _R. I._, 1821-1880. A lawyer who was several times lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island. History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; Life of Patrick Henry. _Pr._

=Arp, Bill.= _See Smith, C. H._

=Arr, E. H.= _See Rollins, Mrs. Ellen._

=Arria.= _See Pugh, Mrs._

=Arrington, Alfred W.= _N. C._, 1810-1867. A prominent lawyer in the Southwest, and, later, in Chicago. The Rangers and Regulators of the Tanaha; Sketches of the Southwest; Poems (with Memoir), 1869.

=Arthur, Timothy Shay.= _N. Y._, 1809-1885. A prolific writer of moral tales, with much more excellence of intention than literary merit to recommend them, but which have enjoyed a very extensive popularity. Ten Nights in a Bar-Room; Six Nights with the Washingtonians; Tales of Married Life, are some of the best known. His life was nearly all spent in Philadelphia. _Co. Lip. Pet._

=Ashhurst, John.= _Pa._, 1839-1900. A distinguished surgeon of Philadelphia. Injuries of the Spine; Principles and Practice of Surgery. He edited the International Encyclopædia of Surgery. _Lip._

=Astor, William Waldorf.= _N. Y._, 1848- ----. A noted millionaire of New York city, minister to Italy, 1882-85, and more recently the proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette and Pall Mall Magazine in London. Valentino, an Historical Romance of the 16th Century in Italy; Sforza, a Story of Milan. _Scr._

=Atkinson, Edward.= _Ms._, 1827- ----. A Boston reformer active in matters of diet and political economy. The Distribution of Products; Labor and Capital; Industrial Progress of the Nation; The Science of Nutrition; Margin of Profits; Taxation and Work. _Put._

=Atkinson, John.= _N. J._, 1835-1897. A clergyman of prominence in the Methodist church. The Living Way; Memorials of Methodism in New Jersey; The Garden of Sorrows; The Class Leader; Centennial History of American Methodism. _Meth._

=Atkinson, William Parsons.= _Ms._, 1820-1890. Brother of E. Atkinson, _supra_. A professor of history at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Right Use of Books; History and the Study of History; Classical and Scientific Studies. _Rob._

=Atwater, Horace Cowles.= _N. Y._, 1819-1879. A clergyman of the Methodist Church South, who published Incidents of a Southern Tour (1857).

=Atwater, Lyman Hotchkiss.= _Ct._, 1813-1883. A professor of philosophy at Princeton College and long a noted contributor to the Princeton Review. He published a Manual of Elementary Logic. _Lip._

=Atwater, Wilbur Olin.= _N. Y._, 1844- ----. A professor of chemistry at Wesleyan University since 1873. He has written extensively upon agricultural chemistry, and published Co-operative Experimenting as a Means of Studying the Effect of Fertilizers; Results of Field Experiments with Various Fertilizers.

=Atwood, Anthony.= _N. J._, 1801-1888. A Methodist clergyman, whose only published work is The Abiding Comforter.

=Atwood, Isaac Morgan.= _N. Y._, 1838- ----. A Universalist clergyman, president of the Theological Seminary at St. Lawrence University. Have we Outgrown Christianity; Glance at the Religious Progress of the United States; Latest Word of Universalism; Walks about Zion; Manual of Revelation.

=Audubon, John James.= _La._, 1780-1851. An ornithologist of eminence, whose entire life was devoted to the pursuit of his favorite study. Birds of America; Quadrupeds of North America; Ornithological Biography. _See Audubon, the Naturalist, by Mrs. St. John; Journal of Life and Labours of Audubon._

=Auringer, Obadiah Cyrus.= _N. Y._, 1849- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York state, whose writings in verse include Scythe and Sword; The Heart of the Golden Roan; The Episode of Jane McCrea; The Book of the Hills. _Lo._

=Austen, Peter Townsend.= _N. Y._, 1852- ----. A professor of chemistry at Rutgers College since 1877, who has contributed much to scientific journals, and published Chemical Lecture Notes; Organic Chemistry, from the German of Pinner. _Wil._

=Austin, Arthur Williams.= _Ms._, 1807-1884. A lawyer of Boston. The Woman and the Queen, and Other Specimens of Verse, (1875).

=Austin, Benjamin.= _Ms._, 1752-1820. A Boston merchant, active as a political writer and an especially violent champion of democracy. Constitutional Republicanism is a collection of some of his contributions to the newspapers of his day.

=Austin, Coe Finch.= _N. Y._, 1831-1880. A botanist of Closter, New York, who published Musci Appalachani, a description of American mosses.

=Austin, George Lowell.= _Ms._, 1849-1893. A Boston physician whose miscellaneous writings include Perils of American Women, a Doctor’s Talk with Maiden, Wife, and Mother; Water-Analysis, a Handbook for Water-Drinkers; Under the Tide; Life of Franz Schubert; Popular History of Massachusetts; Life and Deeds of General Grant; Longfellow; Life of Wendell Phillips. _Le._

=Austin, Henry.= _Ms._, 1858- ----. A lawyer of Boston, who has written The Law Concerning Farms; American Farm and Game Laws; American Fish and Game Laws; Liquor Law in New England.

=Austin, Henry Willard.= _Ms._, 1858- ----. A journalist and littérateur of Boston. Vagabond Verses.

=Austin, James Trecothick.= _Ms._, 1784-1870. A once prominent lawyer of Boston, who published a Life of Elbridge Gerry.

=Austin, Mrs. Jane [Goodwin].= _Ms._, 1831-1894. A talented writer of historical fiction, much of whose life was spent in Boston. She was a careful student of colonial history, and will be long remembered for her series of romances relating to the Plymouth Pilgrims and their descendants. These include A Nameless Nobleman; Standish of Standish; Betty Alden: the First-Born Daughter of the Pilgrims; Dr. Le Baron and his Daughters; David Alden’s Daughter and Other Stories of Colonial Times. Other novels by her are Cipher; The Shadow of Moloch Mountain; Mrs. Beauchamp Brown; The Desmond Hundred; Dora Darling; Outpost. Nantucket Scraps is a volume of travel sketches; Moonfolk, a fairy tale. _Hou. Le. Put. Rob._

=Austin, Samuel.= _Ct._, 1760-1830. A Congregational clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1790-1815, and afterwards president of the University of Vermont. Views of the Church; Theological Essays; Letters on Baptism.