Chapter II: Preface (2)

=Austin, William.= _Ms._, 1778-1841. A Boston lawyer whose best claim to remembrance is that he was author of the famous sketch Peter Rugg: the Missing Man, which appeared in the New England Galaxy in 1824. It is a very remarkable imaginative study that in some respects anticipates the later work of Hawthorne. Other works of his are Letters from London (1804); The Human Character of Jesus Christ. _See Literary Papers of, with Biographical Sketch, 1890._ _Lit._

=Avery, Benjamin Parke.= _N. Y._, 1829-1875. A Californian journalist who was appointed minister to China in 1874. Californian Pictures in Prose and Verse.

=Ayres, Alfred.= _See Osmun._

=Ayres, Anne.= _E._, 1816-1896. The first member of an American sisterhood in the Protestant Episcopal Church, becoming a sister of the Holy Communion in 1845. Evangelical Sisterhoods; Life of W. H. Muhlenberg, _infra_.

=Azarias, Brother.= _See Mullany._

B

=Bache= [baych], =Alexander Dallas.= _Pa._, 1806-1867. A scientist who was superintendent of the United States Court Survey, 1843-67. His annual reports to Congress are works of great value. _See Commemorative Address by B. A. Gould, infra, 1868._

=Bache, Franklin.= _Pa._, 1792-1864. Cousin of A. D. Bache, _supra_, and like him a great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, _infra_. A Philadelphia physician, professor of chemistry in Jefferson Medical College, 1841-64. A System of Chemistry for Students in Medicine; The Dispensatory of the United States (with _G. B. Wood_). _See Memoir, by G. B. Wood, infra._

=Bacheller, Irving.= _N. Y._, 1859- ----. A journalist and littérateur of New York city. The Master of Silence, a romance; The Still House of O’Darrow; Eben Holden. _Cas. Lo._

=Bachman= [bäk´man], =John.= _N. Y._, 1790-1874. A naturalist of Charleston, where he was pastor of a Lutheran church, 1815-74. He assisted Audubon, preparing the greater part of the text of The Quadrupeds of North America, and wrote several religious and scientific works. Two Letters on Heredity; Defence of Luther and the Reformation. _See American Lutheran Biographies._

=Backus, Isaac.= _Ct._, 1724-1806. A Baptist clergyman of Rhode Island. A History of New England, with Particular Reference to the Baptists. _See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit._

=Bacon, Delia Salter.= _O._, 1811-1859. The earliest exponent of the Baconian theory of the authorship of Shakespeare. Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded; Tales of the Puritans; The Bride of Fort Edward: a Drama. _See Hawthorne’s Recollections of a Gifted Woman; Mrs. Farrar’s Recollections of Seventy Years; Life, by Theodore Bacon; Saturday Review, vol. 67._

=Bacon, Edwin Munroe.= _R. I._, 1844- ----. A journalist of Boston. Dictionary of Boston; Boston of To-Day. _Hou._

=Bacon, Henry.= _Ms._, 1839- ----. An artist who has lived principally in Paris. A Parisian Year; Parisian Art and Artists. _Hou. Rob._

=Bacon, Leonard.= _Mch._, 1802-1881. Brother of D. S. Bacon, _supra_. The pastor of a Congregational church in New Haven, Connecticut, 1825-81, and a prominent figure in the denomination to which he belonged. Historical Discourses; Slavery Discussed in Occasional Essays; Genesis of the New England Churches; Christian Self-Culture. _See Century Magazine, vol. 3._ _Har._

=Bacon, Leonard Woolsey.= _Ct._, 1830- ----. Son of L. Bacon, _supra_. A Congregational clergyman. A Life Worth Living; Church Papers; Sermons; The Simplicity that is in Christ. _Fu._

=Bacon, Thomas Scott.= _N. Y._, 1825- ----. An Episcopal controversialist of Maryland. Both Sides of the Controversy between the Roman and Reformed Churches; The Reign of God and the Reign of Law; The Beginnings of Religion; Primitive Man in Christian Thought; It is Written; The Primitive and Catholic Doctrine as to Holy Scripture.

=Badeau, Adam.= _N. Y._, 1831-1895. A general in the United States army. The Vagabond; Military History of General Grant; Conspiracy: a Cuban Romance; Aristocracy in England; Grant in Peace: a Personal Memoir. _Ap. Har._

=Bagg, Lyman Hotchkiss.= “Karl Kron.” _Ms._, 1846- ----. Four Years at Yale; Ten Thousand Miles on a Bicycle.

=Bailey, James Montgomery.= _N. Y._, 1841-1894. Widely known at one time as “The Danbury News Man.” A journalist of Danbury, Connecticut, who was among the earliest to exploit a kind of native humour chiefly concerned with local allusion and application. He has had many imitators whose methods have been much less legitimate than his. Life in Danbury; England from a Back Window; The Danbury Boom; Mr. Phillis’ Goneness; They All Do It. _Le._

=Bailey, Liberty Hyde.= _Mich._, 1858- ----. A prominent horticulturist. American Grape Training; Crossbreeding and Hybridization; Field Notes on Apple Culture; Annals of Horticulture; The Horticulturist Rule-Book; The Nursery-Book: a Complete Guide to the Multiplication and Pollination of Plants; Talks Afield about Plants; Plant Breeding. _Hou. Mac._

=Bailey, Loring Woart.= _N. Y._, 1839- ----. A professor of natural history in the University of New Brunswick. Mines and Minerals of New Brunswick; Geology of Southern New Brunswick; Elementary Natural History.

=Bailey, William Whitman.= _N. Y._, 1843- ----. Brother of L. W. Bailey, _supra_. A professor of botany at Brown University. New England Wild Flowers and Their Seasons; Among Rhode Island Wild Flowers; Botanical Collector’s Hand-Book. _Pr._

=Baird, Charles Washington.= _N. J._, 1828-1887. Son of R. Baird, _supra_. A Presbyterian minister of Rye, New York. Eutaxia, or the Presbyterian Liturgies; Book of Public Prayer; History of Rye; History of the Huguenot Emigration to America. _Do._

=Baird, Henry Carey.= _Pa._, 1825- ----. Nephew of Henry Carey, _infra_, and a political economist holding similar views. Rights of American Producers and Wrongs of British Free Trade Revenue Reformers; Protection of Home Labour and Home Production necessary to the Protection of the American Farmer; Miscellaneous Papers on Economic Questions. _Bai._

=Baird, Henry Martyn.= _Pa._, 1832- ----. Son of R. Baird, _infra_. Professor of Greek at the University of New York from 1859. An historian who is conscientious but not absolutely impartial. Life of Robert Baird; Modern Greece; Narrative of a Residence and Travels; History of the Rise of the Huguenots of France; The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre; The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. _Har. Ran. Scr._

=Baird, Robert.= _Pa._, 1798-1863. A Presbyterian clergyman, active in the cause of temperance and in promoting the extension of Protestantism in Europe. History of the Temperance Societies; View of Religion in America; History of the Waldenses, Albigenses, and Vaudois; Protestantism in Italy. _See Life, by H. M. Baird._ _Har._

=Baird, Samuel John.= _O._, 1817-1893. A Presbyterian clergyman whose writings are chiefly concerned with the polity and history of the Presbyterian church. The Church of Christ: its Constitution and Order; History of the Early Polity of the Presbyterian Church in the Training of Ministers; The Socinian Apostasy of the English Presbyterian Church; History of the New School.

=Baird, Spencer Fullerton.= _Pa._, 1823-1887. A naturalist of prominence, who was from 1878 the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The translator and editor of the Iconographic Encyclopedia, co-author with J. Cassin of Birds of North America and Mammals of North America; editor Annual Record of Science and Industry from 1872-78. A History of North American Birds, written in collaboration with T. M. Brewer and R. Ridgway, is one of his most valuable works. _See Popular Science Monthly, vol. 33._ _Har. Lip. Lit._

=Baker, Abijah Richardson.= _Ms._, 1805-1876. A Congregational clergyman of Lynn, Massachusetts. School History of the United States; The Catechism Tested by the Bible; Topics in Christ’s Sermon on the Mount.

=Baker, George Augustus.= _N. Y._, 1849- ----. A lawyer of New York. Point Lace and Diamonds, a collection of sparkling society verse; The Bad Habits of Good Society; Mrs. Hephaestus and Other Short Stories; West Point: a Comedy. _Sto._

=Baker, George Melville.= _Me._, 1832-1890. The author and compiler of Amateur Dramas, the Social Stage, and works of like character. _Le._

=Baker, George Pierce.= _R. I._, 1866- ----. An instructor at Harvard University. Plot Book of Elizabethan Plays; Principles of Argumentation. _Gi. Ho._

=Baker, Mrs. Harriette Newell [Woods].= “Madeline Leslie.” _Ms._, 1815-1893. Wife of A. R. Baker, _supra_, and daughter of Leonard Woods, _infra_. Beside two novels,--Cora and the Doctor, The Courtesies of Wedded Life,--her writings include nearly two hundred moral and religious tales, among which Tim the Scissors Grinder is the best known.

=Baker, Mrs. Julia Keim [Wetherill].= _Mi._, 1858- ----. A journalist of New Orleans. Wings: a Novel.

=Baker, William Mumford.= _D. C._, 1825-1883. A popular novelist who was a Presbyterian clergyman in the Southwest until 1870, and afterwards the pastor of a church in Boston. He was a vigourous writer of considerable originality, whose earlier works possess historic interest as pictures of a now past stage of civilization in the Southern States. Inside: a Chronicle of Secession; The Virginians in Texas; Oak Mot; The New Timothy; Mose Evans; His Majesty Myself; Blessed St. Certainty; Thirlmore; Carter Quarterman; A Year Worth Living; Colonel Dunwoddie: Millionaire; The Making of a Man; The Ten Theophanies: the Manifestations of Christ before his Birth in Bethlehem; John Westacott, a juvenile tale. _Har. Le. Ran. Rob._

=Balch, William Stevens.= _Vt._, 1806-1887. A Universalist clergyman, long resident at Elgin, Illinois, and author of Lectures on Language; Grammar of the English Language; Ireland as I Saw It; A Peculiar People.

=Baldwin, James Mark.= _S. C._, 1861- ----. A professor of psychology at Princeton University since 1893. Psychology; Elements of Psychology; Mental Development in the Child and Man; a translation of Ribot’s “German Psychology of To-Day.” _Ho. Mac._

=Baldwin, John Denison.= _Ct._, 1809-1883. A journalist of Worcester, Massachusetts. Raymond Hill, a Poem; Pre-Historic Nations; Ancient America. _Har._

=Baldwin, Joseph G.= _Va._, 1811-1864. A once popular humourous writer who was a jurist of prominence in Alabama and afterwards of California, of which State he became chief justice. Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi; Party Leaders, able papers on Southern statesmen.

=Baldwin, Mrs. Lydia Wood.= _Ms._, 1836- ----. Rubina; A Yankee School-Teacher in Virginia. _Fu._

=Balestier, Charles Wolcott.= 1861-1891. An American writer who established himself as a publisher in London, and whose sister was married to Rudyard Kipling the novelist. A Fair Device; Life of Blaine; A Victorious Defeat; Benefits Forgot; The Naulahka (with Rudyard Kipling); A Common Story. _See Century Magazine, April, 1892._ _Ap. Har._

=Ballou, Adin.= _R. I._, 1803-1890. A Universalist clergyman of Milford, Massachusetts. Christian Non-Resistance Defended; Treatise on Spirit Manifestations; Primitive Christianity and its Corruptions; History of the Town of Milford. _See New England Magazine, April, 1891._

=Ballou, Hosea.= _N. H._, 1771-1852. A Universalist theologian of note in New England, and one of the founders of American Universalism. With his son he established the Universalist Quarterly. Treatise on Atonement; Notes on the Parables; An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution. _See Lives, by M. M. Ballou; Whittemore, 1854; Safford, 1889. See Universalist Review, vol. 41._

=Ballou, Hosea.= _Vt._, 1796-1861. Nephew of H. Ballou, _supra_. A Universalist clergyman who was the first president of Tufts College, 1854-61. Ancient History of Universalism.

=Ballou, Maturin Murray.= _Ms._, 1820-1895. Son of H. Ballou, 2nd. The founder and editor of several periodicals in Boston which bore his name, and, in his later years, a traveler to all parts of the world. History of Cuba; Life of Hosea Ballou; Due West, or Round the World in Ten Months; Due South, or Cuba Past and Present; Due North: Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia; Under the Southern Cross: Travels in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, etc.; Alaska: The New Eldorado; Aztec Land; The Story of Malta; The Pearl of India, a description of Ceylon; Equatorial America, a description of visits to the Lesser Antilles and to South American capitals; Footprints of Travel. _Gi. Hou._

=Ballou, Moses.= _Ms._, 1811-1879. A nephew of H. Ballou, 1st, and, like him, a Universalist clergyman. The Divine Character Vindicated.

=Bancroft, Aaron.= _Ms._, 1755-1839. A Unitarian clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1785-1839, who was prominent in the earlier days of the Unitarian movement as a writer in its behalf. Sermons on the Doctrines of the Gospel; A Life of Washington. _Co._

=Bancroft, Edward.= _Ms._, 1744-1821. A physician who resided chiefly in London, where he was supposed to have been a spy of the English Government during the American Revolution. Natural History of Guiana; Researches concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colors; Charles Wentworth: a Novel; and several political works.

=Bancroft, George.= _Ms._, 1800-1891. Son of A. Bancroft, _supra_. An eminent historian who was United States minister to England, 1846-49, and to Prussia and Germany, 1867-74. He was inclined to view history from the philosophic standpoint, and his political experiences gave him insight into motives. In his estimates of men he made smaller allowance for the relative values of the testimony of different periods than is now customary among historians. He paid much attention to style, but sometimes erred in regard to over-ornament. His manner, however, where not laboured, is attractive and often dramatic. The first volume of The History of the United States appeared in 1834, the second in 1837, the third in 1840, and the succeeding ones 1852-74. A revised edition was issued in 1876, while volumes 11 and 12 of the first edition were published in 1882 as The History of the Formation of the Constitution of the United States. The latest revised edition was printed 1884-85. Minor works include Martin Van Buren to the End of his Public Career; Literary and Historical Miscellanies; Memorial Address on Abraham Lincoln; A Plea for the Constitution of the United States wounded in the House of its Guardians. _See Annual Cyclopedia, 1891; Century Magazine, vol. 11; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 100-110._ _Ap. Har._

=Bancroft, Hubert Howe.= _O._, 1832- ----. An historical writer whose works, exceedingly comprehensive in their scope, were prepared with the assistance of a number of collaborateurs. The Native Races of the Pacific States, 5 volumes; History of the Pacific States of North America, including Central America, Mexico, California, Oregon, British Columbia, 39 volumes; The Early American Chroniclers; Popular History of the Mexican People; Literary Industries. _See Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 152-156. Ap. Har._

=Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse.= _Sd._, 1830- ----. An archæologist of Swiss birth, whose life has been chiefly spent in the United States. The Art of War and Mode of Warfare; Tenure of Land and Inheritances of the Ancient Mexicans; Historical Introduction to Studies among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico; Archæological Tour in Mexico in 1881; The Delight Makers, a novel of Pueblo Indian Life. _Ap. Do._

=Bangs, John Kendrick.= _N. Y._, 1862- ----. A humourous writer of Yonkers, New York, and one of the founders of “Life.” Three Weeks in Politics; Coffee and Repartee; The Idiot; The Water Ghost; Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica; A House Boat on the Styx; The Bicyclers and Other Farces; Toppleton’s Client; A Rebellious Heroine. _Har._

=Bangs, Nathan.= _Ct._, 1778-1862. An active Methodist theologian and controversialist, very prominent in the literary history of his church and a most prolific writer. Among his works are comprised History of the Methodist Episcopal Church to 1840; Errors of Hopkinsianism; Life of Arminius; Letters to a Young Preacher; Letters on Sanctification; Methodist Episcopacy. _See Life and Times of, by Abel Stevens._ _Meth._

=Banks, Louis Albert.= _Or._, 1855- ----. A prominent Methodist clergyman. The Saloon Keeper’s Ledger, a series of Temperance Discourses; The Fisherman and his Friends; Common Folks’ Religion; Revival Quiver, a Record of Revival Campaigns; The People’s Christ; White Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor; The Honeycombs of Life; Christ and His Friends. _Fu. Le. Meth._

=Banister, John.= _E._, 16-- -1692. A Virginia botanist who assisted the English naturalist, John Ray. Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica; Insects of Virginia; Curiosities of Virginia; The Unseen Lupus; The Pistolochia, or Serpentaria Virginiana. The genus Banisteria was named in his honour.

=Banneker, Benjamin.= _Md._, 1731-1806. An astronomer and mathematician of African descent, who assisted in the original survey of the District of Columbia and published an astronomical almanac 1792-1806. _See Lives, by Latrobe, 1845; Norris, 1854; Atlantic Monthly, January, 1863; Catholic World, vol. 38._

=Banvard, John.= 1814-1891. An artist and poet whose famous panorama of the Mississippi covered 3 miles of canvas. He wrote much indifferent verse, and published books of a miscellaneous nature. Amasis, The Last of the Pharaohs, afterwards dramatized by him; Carrinia: a Drama; Description of the Mississippi River; Pilgrimage to the Holy Land; The Private Life of a King; A Tradition of the Temple: a Poem.

=Banvard, Joseph.= _N. Y._, 1810-1887. Brother of J. Banvard, _supra_. A Baptist clergyman of Massachusetts who beside contributing somewhat largely to Sunday-school literature wrote much in other directions. Romance of American History; Plymouth and the Pilgrims; Novelties of the New World, or Adventures and Discoveries of the First Explorers; Tragic Scenes in the History of Maryland; The American Statesman: a Memoir of Webster; Southern Explorers; Soldiers and Patriots of the Revolution; Priscilla: an Historical Tale. _Lo. Mer._

=Baraga, Friedric.= _A._, 1797-1868. A Roman Catholic missionary who came to America in 1830 from Austria, and became bishop of Sault St. Marie in 1852. He devoted himself to mission work among the Chippewa or Ojibway Indians, and beside writing several books in their tongue prepared a Grammar and Dictionary of the Otchipewe Language.

=Barbe, Waitman.= _W. Va._, 1864- ----. A resident of Parkersburg, West Virginia. Ashes and Incense, a volume of notable verse; In the Virginias, a collection of short stories. _Lip._

=Barber, John Warner.= _Ct._, 1798-1885. An industrious annalist whose compilations though of slight literary merit are valuable as historical material not so readily accessible elsewhere. Historical Collections of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and Ohio, the four last being prepared with the assistance of Henry Howe, _infra_; History of New Haven; Elements of General History; Historical Scenes in the United States.

=Barbour, John Humphrey.= _Ct._, 1854-1900. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of New Testament interpretation at the Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown, Connecticut. Beginnings of the Historic Episcopate.

=Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo.= _N. Y._, 1811-1889. An eminent lawyer of New York State. Equity Digest; Criminal Law; The Law of Set-Off; Practice of the Court of Chancery; Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law, and many legal reports.

=Barclay, James Turner.= _Va._, 1807-1874. A leading clergyman of the Campbellite faith, for many years a missionary at Jerusalem. He is best known as the author of The City of the Great King, a description of Jerusalem.

=Barker, Fordyce.= _N. H._, 1818-1891. A New York physician of prominence and a professor in the Bellevue Hospital from 1860. On Sea-Sickness; On Puerperal Diseases. _Ap._

=Barker, George Frederic.= _Ms._, 1835- ----. A professor of physics in the University of Pennsylvania since 1873. Correlation of Vital and Physical Forces; Text Book of Elementary Chemistry.

=Barker, James Nelson.= _Pa._, 1784-1858. A Philadelphia poet and playwright who was comptroller of the United States Treasury 1838-50. His dramas include Marmion; The Indian Princess; Superstition; Smiles and Tears.

=Barlow, Joel.= _Ct._, 1754-1812. A prominent literary figure in the early days of the republic. His verse for the most part is stilted and declamatory. The Columbiad, his most ambitious poem, is now unread, but Hasty Pudding, a poetical reminiscence of New England among Italian scenes, still affords pleasant reading, and is genuinely humourous. The Vision of Columbus, The Conspiracy of Kings, are his only other works of any note. _See Life by Todd, 1896; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 58._

=Barnard, Charles.= _Ms._, 1838- ----. A writer and lecturer of New York city who was an editorial contributor to The Century Dictionary. The Tone Masters; The Soprano; My Ten Rod Farm; Farming by Inches; A Simple Flower Garden; The Strawberry Garden; Legilda Romanoff; Knights of To-Day; Co-operation as a Business; A Dead Town, a Romance of the Old Country; Talks about the Weather; Talks about the Soil. _Put. Scr._

=Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter.= _Ms._, 1809-1889. An educational writer who was president of Columbia College, 1864-89. History of the United States Coast Survey; Imaginary Metrological System of the Great Pyramid; The Undulatory Theory of Light; Letters on College Government. _See Memoirs of, by John Fulton, 1896._ _Wil._

=Barnard, Henry.= _Ct._, 1811-1900. A noted advocate of educational reforms. National Education in Europe; School Architecture; Hints and Methods for Teachers; Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism; History of Education in Connecticut; Educational Biography; German Educational Reformers. _See New England Magazine, vol. 4._

=Barnard, John.= _Ms._, 1681-1770. A Congregational minister of Boston who was among the earliest New England dissenters from Calvinism. A robust and logical thinker. Version of the Psalms; Sermons; The Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton. _See Tyler’s American Literature._

=Barnard, John Gross.= _Ms._, 1815-1882. Brother of F. Barnard, _supra_. A major-general of the United States Army. Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Phenomena of the Gyroscope; Dangers and Defences of New York; Sea Coast Defence; The Peninsular Campaign and its Antecedents; Problems of Rotary Motion.

=Barnes, Albert.= _N. Y._, 1798-1870. A leader of New School Presbyterian thought and an able scriptural commentator. He was a clergyman of Philadelphia, and was at one time tried for heresy. Notes on the New Testament; Scriptural Views of Slavery; The Atonement; Life at Three Score; Prayers for Family Worship; Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century. _See Theological Works of, 1875._ _Har._

=Barnes, James.= _Md._, 1865- ----. For King or Country, a Story of the Revolution; Admiral Farragut; Naval Actions of the War of 1812; A Princetonian. _Ap. Har. Put._

=Barnes, Mrs. Mary Downing [Sheldon].= _N. Y._, 1850-1898. An educator who published Studies in General History; Teachers’ Manual.

=Barnum, Mrs. Frances Courtenay [Baylor].= _Ark._, 1848- ----. A novelist now living in Savannah. On Both Sides, an international novel; Behind the Blue Ridge; Juan and Juanita, a juvenile tale; Claudia Hyde. _Hou. Lip._

=Barnum, Phineas Taylor.= _Ct._, 1810-1891. A showman of world-wide fame. Humbugs of the World; Struggles and Triumphs, or Forty Years’ Recollections; Lion Jack, or How Menageries are Made; Autobiography. _See Saturday Review, vol. 71._

=Barr, Mrs. Amelia Edith [Huddleston].= _E._, 1831- ----. A novelist of English birth who was educated in Glasgow and came to America in 1854. Her literary career did not begin, however, until 1871. Her books exhibit many excellencies of construction and characterization, are wholesome in tone, and have been deservedly popular. Among the best of them may be named Jan Vedder’s Wife; Paul and Christina; A Daughter of Fife; A Border Shepherdess; The Bow of Orange Ribbon, a tale of colonial life in New York; Between Two Loves; Friend Olivia; Bernicia, a story in which Whitefield, the famous preacher, is a prominent figure. Other works by Mrs. Barr include: Scottish Sketches; Flower of Gala Water; Romance and Reality; Young People of Shakespeare’s Time; Cluny McPherson; The Hallam Succession; The Lost Silver of Briffault; The Last of the McAlisters; The King’s Highway; The Squire of Sandal Side; Master of his Fate; Christopher; Remember the Alamo, a story of Texas; She loved a Sailor; A Rose of a Hundred Leaves; Michael and Theodora; A Sister to Esau; Feet of Clay; The Household of McNeil; The Preacher’s Daughter; Love for an Hour is Love Forever; A Singer from the Sea; The Lone House. _See Andover Review, vol. 11._ _Ap. Do. Har._

=Barrett, Benjamin Fisk.= _Me._, 1808-1892. A Swedenborgian clergyman of Philadelphia who wrote extensively in behalf of his faith. Among his many books are A Life of Swedenborg; The New View of Hell; Swedenborg and Channing; Heaven Revealed: a Popular Presentation of Swedenborg’s Disclosures about Heaven.

=Barrett, Walter.= _See Scoville._

=Barron, Elwyn Alfred.= _Tn._, 1855- ----. A Chicago journalist on the editorial staff of The Inter-Ocean from 1879, who has written The Viking, a blank-verse drama; A Moral Crime, and other plays.

=Barrow, Mrs. Frances Elizabeth [Mease].= “Aunt Fanny.” _S. C._, 1822-1894. A writer of juvenile tales which have been widely circulated. Among them are The Night Cap Series; The Pop Gun Series; The Six Mitten Books. _Est._

=Barrows, John Henry.= _Mich._, 1847-1902. A Presbyterian clergyman of Chicago. The Gospels are True History; I believe in God the Father Almighty; Henry Ward Beecher, the Pulpit Jupiter; Life of Henry Ward Beecher. _Fu. Lo._

=Barrows, Mrs. Katherine Isabel Hayes [Chapin].= _Vt._, 1846- ----. Wife of S. J. Barrows, _infra_, and with him author of The Shaybacks in Camp, a volume of leisurely travel notes. _Hou._

=Barrows, Samuel June.= _N. Y._, 1845- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, editor of The Christian Register since 1881. A Baptist Meeting House, a narrative of a transition from the Baptist to the Unitarian faith; The Doom of the Majority of Mankind. _A. U. A._

=Barrows, William.= _Ms._, 1815-1891. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts. The Church and the Children; The Indian’s Side of the Indian Question; Oregon, the Struggle for Possession; The United States of Yesterday and To-morrow; Twelve Nights in the Hunter’s Camp. _Hou. Le. Lo. Rob._

=Barry, John Daniel.= _Ms._, 1866- ----. A littérateur of New York city. A Daughter of Thespis; The Intriguers, a novel; Mademoiselle Blanche; The Princess Margarethe, a fairy tale; The Congressman’s Wife. _Ap. St._

=Barry, John Stetson.= _Ms._, 1819-1872. A Universalist clergyman. The Stetson Genealogy; History of Massachusetts.

=Barry, Patrick.= _I._, 1816-1890. A prominent horticulturist of Rochester, N. Y. Treatise on the Fruit Garden. _Ju._

=Barry, William.= _Ms._, 1805-1885. Brother of J. S. Barry, _supra_. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Rights and Duties of Neighboring Churches; Thoughts on Christian Doctrine; History of Framingham; Antiquities of Wisconsin.

=Bartholow, Roberts.= _Md._, 1831- ----. A physician and medical professor of Philadelphia. Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Practice of Medicine; Medical Electricity; The Antagonism between Medicines and between Remedies and Diseases. _Ap. Lip._

=Bartlett, Elisha.= _R. I._, 1804-1855. A Rhode Island physician. The Fevers of the United States; Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures in Mr. Dickens’s Gallery.

=Bartlett, John.= _Ms._, 1820- ----. Formerly a Boston publisher, well known as the editor of Familiar Quotations, which reached a ninth edition in 1891; The Shakespeare Phrase-Book; A Complete Concordance to Shakespeare. _Lit. Mac._

=Bartlett, John Russell.= _R. I._, 1805-1886. At one time Secretary of State in Rhode Island. Records of the Colony of Rhode Island; Memoir of Rhode Island Officers in the War of the Rebellion; Primeval Man; Genealogy of the Russell Family; Dictionary of Americanisms; Progress of Ethnology. He edited the Letters of Roger Williams. _Lit._

=Bartlett, Joseph.= _Ms._, 1762-1827. A satirical poet whose New Vicar of Bray once attracted considerable attention.

=Bartlett, Samuel Colcord.= _N. H._, 1817-1898. President of Dartmouth College 1877-92. Life and Death Eternal, a Refutation of the Doctrine of Annihilation; Future Punishment; From Egypt to Palestine: observations of a Journey; Sources of History in the Pentateuch. _See The Forum, vol. 2._ _Har._

=Bartlett, William Holms Chambers.= _Pa._, 1804-1893. A prominent scientist, who was from 1834-71 an instructor at West Point. Treatise on Optics; Analytical Mechanics; Spherical Astronomy.

=Bartol, Cyrus Augustus.= _Me._, 1813-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, prominent as a leader of radical religious thought. Pictures of Europe; Christian Spirit and Life; Radical Problems; The Rising Faith; Principles and Portraits; Church and Congregation; Christian Body and Form. _A. U. A._ _Rob._

=Barton, Benjamin Smith.= _Pa._, 1766-1815. A once noted physician of Philadelphia. Observations on Some Parts of Natural History; New Views on the Origin of the Tribes of North America; Elements of Botany.

=Barton, William Paul Crillon.= _Pa._, 1786-1856. Nephew of B. S. Barton, _supra_. He organized the United States Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and was known both as botanist and surgeon. Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States; Flora of North America; Medical Botany; Compendium Floræ Philadelphiæ.

=Bartram, John.= _Pa._, 1699-1777. “The Father of American Botany.” A shrewd, careful observer whom Linnæus termed “the greatest natural botanist in the world.” Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, etc., as made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, etc. A similar record of travels in eastern Florida appeared in 1766. _See Memorials of, by Darlington, 1849._

=Bartram, William.= _Pa._, 1739-1823. Son of J. Bartram, _supra_. A botanist and traveller of Pennsylvania. Travel Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, etc.; Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians.

=Bascom, Henry Bidleman.= _N. Y._, 1796-1850. A bishop of the Methodist church. Sermons from the Pulpit; Mental and Moral Science; Methodism and Slavery. _See Life by Heuhle, 1854; Methodist Quarterly, vol. 45._

=Bascom, John.= _N. Y._, 1827- ----. A philosophical writer, from 1874-87, president of Wisconsin University, subsequently professor of political science at Williams College. Elements of Psychology; Æsthetics; Political Economy for Colleges; Science, Philosophy, and Religion; Natural Theology; The Science of Mind; The Words of Christ; Philosophy of English Literature; Comparative Psychology; Problems in Philosophy; Sociology, Social Theory; Ethics; The New Theology; Historical Interpretation of Philosophy; A Philosophy of Religion. _Cr. Put._

=Bassett, James.= _Ont._, 1834- ----. A Presbyterian missionary in Persia. Hymns in Persian; Among the Turcomans; Persia, the Land of the Imams: a Narrative of Travel; Grammatical Note on the Simnuni Dialects of the Persian. _Scr._

=Batchelor, George.= _Ct._, 1836- ----. A Unitarian clergyman. Social Equilibrium and Other Problems, Ethical and Religious. _El._

=Bates, Arlo.= _Me._, 1850- ----. Professor of English literature in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and novelist. Talks on Writing English; The Pagans; Patty’s Perversities; A Wheel of Fire; In the Bundle of Time; A Lad’s Love; The Philistines; A Book o’ Nine Tales. His verse includes Berries of the Brier; Sonnets in Shadow; A Poet and his Self; Told in the Gate; The Torch-Bearers; Under the Beech-Tree. _Ho. Hou. Rob. Scr._

=Bates, Charlotte Fiske.= _See Rogé._

=Bates, Mrs. Clara [Doty].= _Mch._, 1838-1895. A writer of juvenile tales. Classics of Babyland Versified; Child Lore; On the Way to Wonderland; Heart’s Content. _Lo._

=Bates, Mrs. Harriet Leonora [Vose].= “Eleanor Putnam.” _It._, 1856-1886. Wife of A. Bates, _supra_. A Woodland Wooing; Old Salem; Prince Vance (with A. Bates).

=Bates, Katherine Lee.= _Ms._, 1859- ----. A professor of literature at Wellesley College. The English Religious Drama; Hermit Island: a Story for Girls. _Lo. Mac._

=Bates, Mrs. Margret Holmes [Ernsperger].= _O._, 1844- ----. A fiction-writer of Indianapolis. Manitou; The Chamber Over the Gate.

=Bates, Samuel Penniman.= _Ms._, 1827-190-. A Pennsylvania educator of note. Mental and Moral Culture; Liberal Education; History of Pennsylvania Volunteers; History of the Colleges of Pennsylvania.

=Batterson, Hermon Griswold.= _Ct._, 1827-1903. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia. The Missionary Tune Book; The Churchman’s Hymn Book; Christmas Carols and Other Verses; The Pathway of Faith; A Sketch Book of the American Episcopate. _Lip._

=Baxley, Isaac Rieman.= _Md._, 1850- ----. A California versifier whose thought as a whole gains nothing by being expressed in verse. The Temple of Alanthur; The Prophet and Other Poems; Songs of the Spirit; The Bank of Mist.

=Baxter, James Phinney.= _Me._, 1831- ----. An historical writer of Portland, Maine. George Cleves of Casco Bay, 1630-67; Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his Province of Maine; Idyls of the Year, a collection of verse.

=Baxter, Lydia.= _N. Y._, 1809-1874. Gems by the Wayside, a collection of poems. The hymn, The Gates Ajar, is by her.

=Baxter, Sylvester.= _Ms._, 1850- ----. A journalist of Boston, prominent in exploiting the Metropolitan Park system. The Cruise of a Land Yacht, a Boy’s Book of Mexican Travel. _Lit._

=Baxter, William.= _E._, 1820- ----. A clergyman of Cincinnati, whose War Lyrics as originally published in Harper’s Weekly were once widely popular. The Loyal West in the Times of the Rebellion; Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, or Scenes and Incidents of the War in Arkansas. _Meth._

=Bayley, James Roosevelt.= _N. Y._, 1814-1877. A clergyman who entered the Roman Catholic Church from the Episcopal and became archbishop of Baltimore. History of the Catholic Church of New York; Memoirs of Bruté, First Bishop of Vincennes; Pastorals for the People.

=Baylies, Francis.= _Ms._, 1783-1852. An eminent lawyer of Taunton, Massachusetts. Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Plymouth.

=Baylor, Frances Courtenay.= _See Barnum, Mrs._

=Beach, David Nelson.= _N. J._, 1848- ----. A prominent Congregational clergyman of Cambridge, and, since 1895, of Minneapolis. The Newer Religious Thinking; How we Rose; Plain Words on Our Lord’s Work; The Intent of Jesus. _Lit. Rob._

=Beal, William James.= _Mch._, 1833- ----. A botanical professor in the Michigan Agricultural College from 1870. The New Botany; The Grasses of North America.

=Beale, Mrs. Maria [Taylor].= _Va._, 1849- ----. A novelist of Arden, North Carolina. Jack O’Doon. _Ho._

=Beard, George Miller.= _Ct._, 1839-1883. A New York physician. American Nervous Diseases: Causes and Consequences; The Scientific Basis of Delusions; Clinical Researches in Electro-Surgery; Medical Uses of Electricity; Physiology of Mind-Reading; Stimulants and Narcotics; Psychology of the Salem Witchcraft and its Practical Application in Our Own Time. Some works of lesser note. _Har. Wo._

=Beardsley, Eben Edwards.= _Ct._, 1808-1891. An Episcopal clergyman of New Haven. History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut; Lives of Samuel Johnson, the First President of King’s College, New York, William Samuel Johnson, President of Columbia College, and Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut. _Hou._

=Beasley, Frederick.= _N. C._, 1777-1845. An Episcopal clergyman who was provost of the University of Pennsylvania. An Examination of the Oxford Divinity; Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind; Reply to Dr. Channing.

=Beck, Theodric Romeyn.= _N. Y._, 1791-1855. A medical writer of Albany. Elements of Medical Jurisprudence (with J. B. Beck).

=Becker, George Ferdinand.= _N. Y._, 1847- ----. A geologist in the United States service. Geology of the Comstock Lode; Atomic Weight Determinations; Geometrical Value of Volcanic Cones; A New Law of Thermo-Chemistry; Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope. Several lesser works.

=Beckett, Sylvester Breakmore.= _Me._, 1812-1882. An author and publisher of Portland, Maine. Hester, the Bride of the Islands, a Poem; Guide Book of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence.

=Bedell= [bē-dĕll´], =Gregory Thurston.= _N. Y._, 1817-1892. The third Protestant Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and a valued writer of the evangelical school. The Divinity of Christ; The Profit of Godliness; Pastoral Theology; Principles of Pastorship; The Age of Indifference; Episcopacy; Fact and Law. A few minor works.

=Bedell, Gregory Townsend.= _N. Y._, 1793-1834. Father of G. T. Bedell, _supra_. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia, once famous as a preacher. Renunciation; Ezekiel’s Vision; Sermons were his chief works. _See Life by Tyng, 1836._

=Beecher, Catherine Esther.= _L. I._, 1800-1878. Daughter of L. Beecher, _infra_. A New England educator of much celebrity at one time, who wrote with the ardour of sincerest conviction. Domestic Economy; Physiology and Calisthenics; Letters to the People; Religious Training of Children; Domestic Service, True Remedy for the Wrongs of Woman. _See Mrs. Hale’s Woman’s Record._ _Har._

=Beecher, Charles.= _Ct._, 1815-1900. Son of L. Beecher, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman. Patmos; Pen Pictures of the Bible; The Eden Tableau; Redeemer and Redeemed. He edited his father’s Life and Correspondence. _Har. Le._

=Beecher, Edward.= _L. I._, 1803-1895. Son of L. Beecher, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman of Illinois, and later of Brooklyn, whose attainments must be considered as the most solid of those of any of the famous children of Lyman Beecher. In his Conflict of Ages (1853) was struck the earliest note of the liberal theology now dominant in the Congregational churches. The more important of his other works include Papal Conspiracy Exposed; Baptism; History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Future Retribution. _Ap._

=Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White [Bullard].= _Ms._, 1812-1897. Wife of H. W. Beecher, _infra_. From Dawn to Daylight: a Simple Story; Motherly Talks with Young Housekeepers; All around the House, or How to Make Homes Happy; Letters from Florida; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him. _Ap._

=Beecher, Henry Ward.= _Ct._, 1813-1887. Son of Lyman Beecher, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman widely famous as the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 1847-87. He was an earnest, large-hearted man, though not a deep thinker, and his cheerful influence upon middle-class American thought was very extensive. His literary work can hardly be said to possess enduring excellence, and much of it is already forgotten, graphic and picturesque as it often is. Eyes and Ears; Life Thoughts; Star Papers; Yale Lectures on Preaching; Lectures to Young Men; Speeches on the American Rebellion; Doctrinal Beliefs and Unbeliefs; Life of Jesus the Christ. His only novel, Norwood, is a collection of successful character studies rather than a finished story. _See Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by Lyman Abbott, 1883; J. Howard, 1887; Barrows, 1893; Henry Ward Beecher: a Study, 1891; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him, by his wife; North American Review, vol. 144._ _Ap. Fo. Har._

=Beecher, Lyman.= _Ct._, 1775-1863. A Congregational clergyman of wide fame. While in Boston he was a zealous opponent of Unitarianism, and as president of Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati was noted as an outspoken enemy of slavery. He was a bold thinker, much in advance of his contemporaries. Sermons on Temperance; Views in Theology; Scepticism; Political Atheism. _See Life and Correspondence, edited by Charles Beecher, 1864._ _Har._

=Beecher, Thomas Kinnicut.= _Ct._, 1824-1900. Son of L. Beecher, _supra_. A Congregational clergyman of Elmira, N. Y. Our Seven Churches.

=Beecher, Willis Judson.= _O._, 1838- ----. A professor of Hebrew in the Auburn Theological Seminary. Farmer Tompkins and his Bible; Drill Lessons in Hebrew; Testimony of the Historical Books.

=Beers, Mrs. Ethelinda [Eliot].= “Ethel Lynn.” _N. J._, 1827-1879. General Frankie, a juvenile tale; All Quiet Along the Potomac and Other Poems. _Co._

=Beers, Henry Augustin.= _N. Y._, 1847- ----. A professor of English literature at Yale University. The Ways of Yale; A Suburban Pastoral and Other Stories; From Chaucer to Tennyson; Life of N. P. Willis, _infra_; Outline Sketch of English Literature; Initial Studies in American Letters. Verse: Odds and Ends; The Thankless Muse. _Fl. Ho. Hou. Meth._

=Belcher, Joseph.= _E._, 1794-1859. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, who came thither from England in 1844. His complete works number over 200 volumes. Among them are The Baptist Pulpit of the United States; The Clergy of America; History of Religious Denominations in the United States; Hymns and their Authors.

=Belknap= [bĕl´năp], =Jeremy.= _Ms._, 1744-1798. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose History of New Hampshire ranks as the best among local State histories, and is accurate as it is entertaining. His other works include American Biographies; The Foresters: an American Tale. _See Atlantic Monthly, vol. 67._

=Bell, Charles Henry.= _N. H._, 1823-1893. A New Hampshire lawyer and Congressman, governor of his State, 1881-83. The Bench and Bar of New Hampshire. _Hou._

=Bell, John.= _I._, 1796-1872. A physician and medical lecturer, among whose writings are Health and Beauty; Regimen and Longevity.

=Bell, Lilian.= _Ky._, 1867- ----. A Chicago novelist. The Love Affairs of An Old Maid; A Little Sister to the Wilderness. _Har. St._

=Bell, Zura.= _See Williamson, Julia._

=Bellamy, Charles Joseph.= _Ms._, 1852- ----. A journalist of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Breton Mills: a Novel; Everybody’s Lawyer; The Way Out: Suggestions for Social Reform. _Put._

=Bellamy, Edward.= _Ms._, 1850-1898. Brother of C. J. Bellamy, _supra_. A socialist reformer whose Utopian theories embodied in the tale Looking Backward, 2000-1887, have been very widely read, and have resulted in the formation of several societies and communities that endeavour to put some of them in practice. His other works include Six to One: a Nantucket Idyl; Dr. Heidenhoff’s Process, a novel; Miss Ludington’s Sister: a Romance of Immortality; Equality; The Blindman’s World, and Other Stories; The Duke of Stockbridge. _Ap. Hou._

=Bellamy, Mrs. Elizabeth Whitfield [Croom].= “Kamba Thorpe.” _Fl._, 1838-1900. A novelist of Mobile. Four Oaks; Little Joanna; Penny Lancaster Farmer; Old Man Gilbert; The Luck of the Pendennings. _Ap._

=Bellamy, Joseph.= _Ct._, 1719-1790. A Congregational minister of the Edwards school, settled at Bethlehem, Connecticut, for a half century. He founded a divinity school in his parish, and trained many men there who were afterwards famous among New England ministers. True Religion Delineated; The Law our Schoolmaster; The Half-Way Covenant; The Nature and Glory of the Gospel, are a few of his publications. _See Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. 43; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit._

=Bellamy, William.= _Ms._, 1846- ----. A Boston writer who has published, in verse, A Century of Charades; A Second Century of Charades. _Hou._

=Bellows, Henry Whitney.= _N. H._, 1814-1882. A Unitarian clergyman of prominence in New York city, well known at one time as the president of the United States Sanitary Commission. Restatements of Christian Doctrine; Sermons; Relation of Public Amusements to Public Morality; The Old World in its New Face. _See Unitarian Review, vol. 67._ _A. U. A. Har._

=Belrose, Louis.= _Pa._, 1845-1894. A writer whose only published work of note is Thorns and Flowers, a volume of verse.

=Bemis, Edward Webster.= _Ms._, 1860- ----. A professor of economics in the University of Chicago. History of Co-operation in the United States; Municipal Ownership of Gas in the United States.

=Bender, Prosper.= _Q._, 1844- ----. A Canadian physician, a littérateur, who since 1883 has practiced his profession in Boston. Old and New Canada; Literary Sheaves, or La Littérature au Canada-Français.

=Benedict, David.= _Ct._, 1779-1874. A Baptist clergyman of Pawtucket. History of the Baptists; History of All Religions; Fifty Years Among the Baptists; Compendium of Ecclesiastical History; History of the Donatists, comprise his principal works.

=Benedict, Erastus Cornelius.= _Ct._, 1800-1880. A jurist of New York city. The American Admiralty: its Jurisdiction and Practice.

=Benedict, Frank Lee.= _N. Y._, 1834- ----. A novelist of New York city. Miss Van Kortland; My Daughter Elinor; The Price She Paid; John Worthington’s Name; Miss Dorothy’s Charge; St. Simon’s Niece; ’Twixt Hammer and Anvil; Her Friend Laurence; A Late Remorse; Madame; The Shadow-Worshipper and Other Poems. _Har. Lip._

=Benezet, Anthony.= _F._, 1713-1784. A Quaker philanthropist of Philadelphia, whose tracts on slavery first aroused the attention of Clarkson and Wilberforce to the subject. _See Memoir by R. Vaux, 1817._

=Benjamin, Judah Philip.= _W. I._, 1811-1884. A prominent New Orleans lawyer who became attorney-general of the Confederacy during the Civil War. At its close he went to England, and speedily became eminent in his profession there. His Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property is the standard work on the subject. _See The Athenæum, vol. 88._

=Benjamin, Park.= _B. G._, 1809-1864. A poet and journalist of New York city, whose verse, mainly lyrical in character, has not been collected. The Old Sexton is the best remembered example.

=Benjamin, Park, Jr.= _N. Y._, 1849- ----. Son of P. Benjamin, _supra_. A New York lawyer whose specialty is patent law. Shakings: Etchings for the Naval Academy; Wrinkles and Receipts: Suggestions for the Mechanic, Engineer, etc.; The Age of Electricity; The Intellectual Rise in Electricity: a History. _Ap. Scr. Wil._

=Benjamin, Samuel Green Wheeler.= _Gr._, 1837- ----. A contributor to the field of general literature; at one period minister to Persia. Art in America; Contemporary Art in Europe; The Atlantic Islands; Troy: its Legend, Literature, and Topography; A Group of Etchers; Persia and the Persians; The Story of Persia; The Cruise of the Alice May in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Sea Spray, or Facts and Fancies of a Yachtsman. _Ap. Har. Hou. Lo. Scr._

=Bennett, Charles Wesley.= _N. Y._, 1828-1891. A Methodist clergyman prominent in educational matters. National Education in Italy, France, Germany, England, and Wales, Popularly Considered; Christian Art and Archæology of the First Six Centuries. _Meth._

=Bennett, De Robique Mortimer.= _N. Y._, 1818-1882. A noted free-thinker who was several times arrested and imprisoned on account of his extreme views. The World’s Reformers; Champions of the Church; From Behind the Bars; An Infidel Abroad; A Truth Seeker Around the World.

=Bennett, Edmund Hatch.= _Vt._, 1824-1898. A New England jurist, dean of the Boston University Law School. English Law and Equity Reports; Fire Insurance Cases; Leading Cases in Criminal Law. He has also edited many legal works of importance. _Hou._

=Bennett, Emerson.= _Ms._, 1822- ----. A Philadelphia writer of sensational romances quite worthless as literature, but which have been very popular. Prairie Flower, Leni Leoti, are perhaps the most noted of his fifty or more novels.

=Bensel, James Berry.= _N. Y._, 1856-1886. A verse-writer whose lines are often musical and pathetic, though sometimes lacking in finish. In the King’s Garden, and Other Poems; King Cophetua’s Wife, a novel. _Lo._

=Benson, Carl.= _See Bristed._

=Benson, Egbert.= _N. Y._, 1746-1833. A jurist and politician. Vindication of the Captors of Major André; Memoir on Dutch Names of Places.

=Benson, Eugene.= _N. Y._, 1840- ----. An American artist long resident in Italy. Gaspara Stampa, a biography; Art and Nature in Italy. _Rob._

=Benton, Joel.= _N. Y._, 1832- ----. A verse-writer and critic. Under the Apple Boughs, a collection of verse; Emerson as a Poet. _Ho._

=Benton, Thomas Hart.= _N. C._, 1782-1858. An eminent statesman who represented Missouri in the United States Senate for 30 years. His political writing is notable for its simple, direct style and absence of invective. Speeches; Thirty Years’ View; History of the Workings of Congress, 1820-50; Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, 1789-1856. _See Life by T. Roosevelt._ _Ap._

=Berard, Augusta Blanche.= _N. Y._, 1824-1901. An educational writer of West Point. School History of the United States; School History of England; Manual of Spanish Art and Literature; Reminiscences of West Point in the Olden Time.

=Berg, Joseph Frederick.= _W. I._, 1812-1871. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Philadelphia and a once noted controversialist. Lectures on Romanism; Rome’s Policy towards the Bible are among his writings.

=Berg, Louis de Coppet.= _N. Y._, 1856- ----. An architect and civil engineer of New York city, who has published a valuable work on Safe Building.

=Bergh, Henry.= _N. Y._, 1823-1888. A New York philanthropist who founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Streets of New York, a volume of sketches; Love’s Alternative, a drama; Married Off, a poem.

=Bernheim, Gotthardt Dellman.= 1827- ----. A Lutheran clergyman at Phillipsburg, New Jersey, from 1883. The Success of God’s Work; Localities of the Reformation; History of the German Settlements in North and South Carolina.

=Berrian, William.= 1787-1862. An Episcopal clergyman who was rector of Trinity Church, New York city, 1830-62. Travels in France and Italy; Devotions for the Sick Room; On Communion; Enter thy Closet; The Sailors’ Manual; Recollections of Departed Friends; Family and Private Prayers; Historical Sketch of Trinity Church.

=Bessey, Charles Edwin.= _O._, 1845- ----. A botanical professor in the University of Nebraska. Geography of Iowa; Botany for High Schools and Colleges; The Essentials of Botany. _Ho._

=Bethune= [beh-thoon´], =George Washington.= _N. Y._, 1805-1862. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Brooklyn of considerable note as a preacher. Orations and Discourses; Fruits of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Lays of Love and Faith, a volume of verse, are some of his works. He was an ardent fisherman, and edited Walton’s Complete Angler. _See Memoir by Van Nest._

=Betts, Craven Langstroth.= _N. B._, 1853- ----. Songs from Béranger; The Perfume Holder: A Persian Love Poem; co-author with A. W. H. Eaton (_infra_) of Tales of a Garrison Town. _Sto._

=Beverley, Robert.= _Va._, 1675-1716. A writer whose one work, a History of the Present State of Virginia, 1705, is full of life and vigour. In it occurs the phrase “the almighty power of gold,” which anticipates Irving’s “almighty dollar.” _See Tyler’s American Literature; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 62-67._

=Bianciardi, Mrs. Elizabeth Dickinson [Rice].= _Ms._, _c._ 1833-1885. At Home in Italy. _Hou._

=Bickmore, Albert Smith.= _Me._, 1839- ----. An ethnologist, since 1885 the curator of the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. Travels in the East Indian Archipelago; The Ainos or Hairy Men of Jesso, Saghalien, etc.; Sketch of a Journey from Canton to Hankow.

=Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel.= _Pa._, 1874- ----. A journalist and publisher of Philadelphia. A Dual Role, and Other Stories; An Allegory and Three Essays; The Madeira Islands; The Froggy Fairy Book.

=Biddle, Charles John.= _Pa._, 1819-1873. Son of N. Biddle, _infra_. An officer in the United States Army, and afterwards a journalist in Philadelphia, who is best known by his careful monograph, The Case of Major André.

=Biddle, Nicholas.= _Pa._, 1786-1844. A financier of Philadelphia famous in political history as the president of the United States Bank. A Commercial Digest; History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clark to the Missouri River. _See Memoir, by Conrad._

=Biddle, Richard.= _Pa._, 1796-1847. Brother of N. Biddle, _supra_. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Memoir of Sebastian Cabot, with a Review of the History of Maritime Discovery.

=Bigelow, Mrs. Edith Evelyn [Jaffray].= _N. Y._, 1861- ----. Wife of P. Bigelow, _infra_. Diplomatic Disenchantments, a novel. _Har._

=Bigelow, Erastus Brigham.= _Ms._, 1814-1879. A noted New England inventor of carpet looms. The Tariff Question considered in regard to the Policy of England and the Interest of the United States; The Tariff Policy of England and United States Contrasted.

=Bigelow, Jacob.= _Ms._, 1787-1879. A famous physician of Boston who established Mount Auburn cemetery. History of Mount Auburn; A Brief Exposition of Rational Medicine; Modern Inquiries, classical, professional, and miscellaneous; Remarks on Classical and Utilitarian Studies; American Medical Botany; Nature in Disease. _See Memoir, by Ellis._

=Bigelow, John.= _N. Y._, 1817- ----. A prominent New York journalist, at one time United States Minister to France. Life of Benjamin Franklin; Life of William Cullen Bryant; Life of Samuel Tilden; Jamaica in 1850; Les États Unis d’Amérique en 1863; Some Recollections of Antoine Pierre Berryer; France and Hereditary Monarchy; Wit and Wisdom of the Haytiens; Molinos the Quietist; France and the Confederate Navy: an International Episode; The Mystery of Sleep. He has edited complete editions of the works of Franklin and Tilden. _Har. Hou. Lip. Scr._

=Bigelow, John, Jr.= _N. Y._, 1854- ----. Son of John Bigelow, _supra_. A United States cavalry officer. The Principles of Strategy, illustrated chiefly from American Campaigns. _Lip._

=Bigelow, Melville Madison.= _Mch._, 1846- ----. A lawyer and law lecturer of Boston. The Law of Bills; English Procedure in the Norman Period; The Law of Fraud; Elements of Equity; Elements of the Law of Torts; Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases from William I. to Richard I.; Law of Wills, Notes, and Cheques; The Law of Fraud on its Civil Side; The Law of Estoppel and its Application to Practice; Leading Cases in the Law of Torts, comprise his principal works. He has also edited the 8th edition of Story’s Conflict of Laws, and published a volume of original verse, Rhymes of a Barrister. _Hou. Lit._

=Bigelow, Poultney.= _N. Y._, 1855- ----. Son of John Bigelow, _supra_. The German Emperor and his Eastern Neighbors; The Borderland of Czar and Kaiser; History of the German Struggle for Liberty; White Man’s Africa; The Children of the Nations. _Har._

=Biglow, William.= _Ms._, 1773-1844. An educator of Boston. History of Natick; History of Sherburne; The Youth’s Library; Introduction to the Making of Latin.

=Billings, John Shaw.= _Ind._, 1838- ----. Formerly surgeon U. S. A. Upon the consolidation of the New York city libraries, he was made chief librarian. His chief work is a voluminous Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s office. Others are Hygienics of the United States Army Barracks; Mortality and Vital Statistics of the United States Army.

=Billings, Josh.= _See Shaw, Henry._

=Binney, Amos.= _Ms._, 1803-1847. A once prominent physician and naturalist of Boston. Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States.

=Binney, Horace.= _Pa._, 1780-1875. A noted jurist of Philadelphia. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1799-1814; Leaders of the Old Bar of Philadelphia; Inquiry into the Formation of Washington’s Farewell Address.

=Binney, William Greene.= _Ms._, 1833- ----. Son of A. Binney, _supra_. A well-known conchologist of Burlington, New Jersey. Besides completing his father’s work on mollusks he has written Bibliography of North American Conchology; Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America; Catalogues of the Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of North America.

=Bird, Frederick Mayer.= _Pa._, 1838- ----. Son of R. M. Bird, _infra_. An Episcopal clergyman widely known as an hymnologist. He has edited The Lutheran Ministerium Hymns (with Smucker); Songs of the Spirit (with Bishop Odenheimer); published Charles Wesley seen in his Finer and Less Familiar Pieces; and contributed extensively to the critical literature of his subject.

=Bird, Robert Montgomery.= _Del._, 1803-1854. A romantic novelist of Philadelphia whose Nick of the Woods was his most popular work. His two Mexican stories, Calavar: a Knight of the Conquest; The Infidel, or the Fall of Mexico, were commended by the historian Prescott. His other works include Peter Pilgrim, a collection of Tales and Sketches, notable as containing almost the earliest description of the Mammoth Cave; Sheppard Lee; The Hawks of Hawk Hollow; Adventures of Robin Day; and three successful dramas, The Broker of Bogota; Oraoosa; The Gladiator.

=Birney, James Gillespie.= _Ky._, 1792-1857. A statesman famous for his opposition to slavery. Ten Letters on Slavery and Colonization; Addresses and Speeches; American Churches the Bulwarks of American Slavery, are among his writings. _See Nation, vol. 50; Birney and his Times, by W. Birney._

=Bishop, Joel Prentiss.= _N. Y._, 1814-1901. An eminent jurist of Boston. Commentaries on Criminal Law; Marriage and Divorce; The Law of Married Women; Thoughts for the Times; First Book of The Law; Directions and Forms; Criminal Procedure; Statutory Crimes; Prosecution and Defence; The Written Laws, are among the more important works of his. _Lit._

=Bishop, Nathaniel Holmes.= _Ms._, 1837-1902. A writer of entertaining travels. A Thousand Miles’ Walk across South America; The Voyage of the Paper Canoe; Four Months in a Sneak Box. _Le._

=Bishop, Robert Hamilton.= _S._, 1777-1855. A Presbyterian clergyman of Ohio, president of Miami University, 1824-41. Sermons; Elements of Logic; Philosophy of the Bible; Science of Government; Western Peacemaker; Memoirs of David Rice.

=Bishop, William Henry.= _Ct._, 1847- ----. A novelist and professor in Yale University. Fish and Men in the Maine Islands; A Househunter in Europe; Writing to Rosina: a novelette; A Pound of Cure: a Story of Monte Carlo; Detmold; The House of a Merchant Prince; The Golden Justice; Choy Susan and Other Stories; The Brown Stone Boy and Other Queer People; Old Mexico and her Lost Provinces, a volume of travel; The Garden of Eden. _Cas. Cent. Har. Ho. Hou. Ke. Scr._

=Bisland, Elizabeth.= _See Wetmore, Mrs._

=Bissell, Edwin Cone.= _N. Y._, 1832-1894. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Analysis of the Codes; The Historic Origin of the Bible; The Pentateuch: its Origin and Structure; Biblical Antiquities; Practical Introductory Hebrew Grammar; Genesis Printed in Colours, showing original sources of compilation. _Fu. Ran. Scr._

=Bixby, James Thompson.= _N. Y._, 1843- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Yonkers, New York. Similarities of Physical and Religious Knowledge, reprinted with the title Religion and Science as Allies; The Crisis in Morals. _Ap. Rob._

=Bixby, John Munson.= “E. Grayson.” _Ct._, 1800-1876. A lawyer of New York city, whose two novels were issued under a pseudonym. Standish the Puritan; Overing, or the Heir of Wycherly.