Chapter II: Section 1: Popular Propaganda and Culture

1. Democracy. Paine. Translations from the French 391
2. Huttman. Houston. Wedderburn 393
3. Pietist persecution. Richard Carlile. John Clarke.
Robert Taylor. Charles Southwell. G. J. Holyoake.
Women helpers 393
4. Hetherington. Operation of blasphemy law 395
5. Robert Owen 395
6. The reign of bigotry. Influence of Gibbon 398
7. Charles Bradlaugh and Secularism. Imprisonment of
G. W. Foote. Treatment of Bradlaugh by Parliament.
Resultant energy of secularist attack 399
8. New literary developments. Lecky. Conway. Winwood
Reade. Spencer. Arnold. Mill. Clifford. Stephen.
Amberley. New apologetics 402
9. Freethought in France. Social schemes. Fourier.
Saint-Simon. Comte. Duruy and Sainte-Beuve 404
10. Bigotry in Spain. Popular freethought in Catholic
countries. Journalism 406
11. Fluctuations in Germany. Persistence of religious
liberalism. Marx and Socialism. Official orthodoxy 409
12. The Scandinavian States and Russia 412
13. "Free-religious" societies 413
14. Unitarianism in England and America 414
15. Clerical rationalism in Protestant countries.
Switzerland. Holland. Dutch South Africa 415
16. Developments in Sweden 417
17. The United States. Ingersoll. Lincoln. Stephen
Douglas. Frederick Douglass. Academic persecution.
Changes of front 419