Chapter IV: Section 3: Poetry and General Literature

1. The French literary reaction. Chateaubriand 440
2. Predominance of freethought in later belles lettres 441
3. Béranger. De Musset. Victor Hugo. Leconte de Lisle. The
critics. The reactionists 442
4. Poetry in England. Shelley. Coleridge. The romantic
movement. Scott. Byron. Keats 443
5. Charles Lamb 445
6. Carlyle. Mill. Froude 447
7. Orthodoxy and conformity. Bain's view of Carlyle,
Macaulay, and Lyell 448
8. The literary influence. Ruskin. Arnold. Intellectual
preponderance of rationalism 450
9. English fiction from Miss Edgeworth to the present
time 451
10. Richard Jefferies 452
11. Poetry since Shelley 452
12. American belles lettres 453
13. Leopardi. Carducci. Kleist. Heine 454
14. Russian belles lettres 456
15. The Scandinavian States 457

Section 4.--The Natural Sciences

1. Progress in cosmology. Laplace and modern astronomy.
Orthodox resistance. Leslie 457
2. Physiology in France. Cabanis 459
3. Physiology in England. Lawrence. Morgan 461
4. Geology after Hutton. Hugh Miller. Baden Powell 462
5. Darwin 464
6. Robert Chambers 464
7. Orthodox resistance. General advance 465
8. Triumph of evolutionism. Spencer. Clifford. Huxley 466

Section 5.--The Sociological Sciences

1. Eighteenth-century sociology. Salverte. Charles
Comte. Auguste Comte 468
2. Progress in England. Orthodoxy of Hallam. Carlyle.
Grote. Thirlwall. Long 468
3. Sociology proper. Orthodox hostility 469
4. Mythology and anthropology. Tylor. Spencer. Avebury.
Frazer 470

Section 6.--Philosophy and Ethics

1. Fichte. Schelling. Hegel 471
2. Germany after Hegel. Schopenhauer. Hartmann 474
3. Feuerbach. Stirner 475
4. Arnold Ruge 478
5. Büchner 478
6. Philosophy in France. Maine de Biran. Cousin. Jouffroy 479
7. Movement of Lamennais 480
8. Comte and Comtism 483
9. Philosophy in Britain. Bentham. James Mill. Grote.
Political rationalism 484
10. Hamilton. Mansel. Spencer 485
11. Semi-rationalism in the churches 487
12. J. S. Mill 489

Section 7.--Modern Jewry

Jewish influence in philosophy since Spinoza. Modern balance
of tendencies 489

Section 8.--The Oriental Civilizations

Asiatic intellectual life. Japan. Discussions on Japanese
psychosis. Fukuzawa. The recent Cult of the Emperor. China.
India. Turkey. Greece 490

Conclusion 499

Index 503