Chapter XCIV: Book V: Tabulated History of Politics

Aggregate Issues of Paper Money in War Times, 5004

Ante-war Debts, 5015

Cabinet Officers of the Administrations, 5013

Chronological Politics, 1765–1892, 5025

Civil Officers, 5018

Customs Tariff of Great Britain, 5010

Electoral Votes for President and Vice-President, 5005

Electoral Votes; Number to which each State has been Entitled,
1789–1892, 5016

Gold; Highest and Lowest Prices of, 5024

Interest Laws of all the States and Territories of the United States,
5004

Length of Sessions of Congress, 1779–1881, 5018

National Commerce, per capita, 5023

National Debt, per capita, 5023

National Expenditures, per capita, 5023

Popular and Electoral Votes in Presidential Elections, 1789–1889, 5011

Presidents and Vice-Presidents,, 5010

President and Vice-President, Candidates for, 5016

Rebellion, Expenditures caused by, 5021

Signers of Declaration of Independence, 5015

Speakers of House of Representatives, 5020

States, when admitted, 5019

Supreme Courts, 5017

Territories, when Organized, 5019

Troops furnished by each State, 1861–65, 5020

Troops, number of called into service during the Rebellion, 5017

Value of United States Money in Foreign Gold and Silver Coin, 5003

-----

Footnote 1:

Edwin Williams in Statesman’s Manual.

Footnote 2:

From the Statesman’s Manual, Vol. 1., by Edwin Williams.

Footnote 3:

NOTE.—See Constitution, Art. 3, Sec. 4, p. 5.

Footnote 4:

In the Ritual the words in parentheses are omitted. In the key to the
Ritual, they are written in figures—the alphabet used being the same
as printed below. So throughout.

_Key to Unlock Communications._

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 7 13 19 25 2 8 14 20 26 3 9 15
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
21 4 10 16 22 5 11 17 23 6 12 18 24

Footnote 5:

Concerning what is said of cities, the key to the Ritual says:
“Considered unnecessary to decipher what is said in regard to cities.”

Footnote 6:

President Buchanan’s Inaugural Address.

Footnote 7:

From Mr. Buchanan’s Administration on the eve of the Rebellion,
published by D. Appleton & Co., 1866.

Footnote 8:

The Provisional Constitution adopted by the Seceded States differs
from the Constitution of the United States in several important
particulars. The alterations and additions are as follows:

ALTERATIONS.

1st. The Provisional Constitution differs from the other in this: That
the legislative powers of the Provisional Government are vested in the
Congress now assembled, and this body exercises all the functions that
are exercised by either or both branches of the United States
Government.

2d. The Provisional President holds his office for one year, unless
sooner superseded by the establishment of a permanent Government.

3d. Each State is erected into a distinct judicial district, the judge
having all the powers heretofore vested in the district and circuit
courts; and the several district judges together compose the supreme
bench—a majority of them constituting a quorum.

4th. Whenever the word “Union” occurs in the United States
Constitution the word “Confederacy” is substituted.

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE ADDITIONS.

1st. The President may veto any separate appropriation without vetoing
the whole bill in which it is contained.

2d. The African slave-trade is prohibited.

3d. Congress is empowered to prohibit the introduction of slaves from
any State not a member of this Confederacy.

4th. All appropriations must be upon the demand of the President or
heads of departments.

OMISSIONS.

1st. There is no prohibition on members of Congress holding other
offices of honor and emolument under the Provisional Government.

2d. There is no provision for a neutral spot for the location of a
seat of government, or for sites for forts, arsenals, and dock-yards;
consequently there is no reference made to the territorial powers of
the Provisional Government.

3d. The section in the old Constitution in reference to capitation and
other direct tax is omitted; also, the section providing that no tax
or duty shall be laid on any exports.

4th. The prohibition on States keeping troops or ships of war in time
of peace is omitted.

5th. The Constitution being provisional merely, no provision is made
for its ratification.

AMENDMENTS.

1st. The fugitive slave clause of the old Constitution is so amended
as to contain the word “slave,” and to provide for full compensation
in cases of abduction or forcible rescue on the part of the State in
which such abduction or rescue may take place.

2d. Congress, by a vote of two-thirds, may at any time alter or amend
the Constitution.

TEMPORARY PROVISIONS.

1st. The Provisional Government is required to take immediate steps
for the settlement of all matters between the States forming it and
their other late confederates of the United Slates in relation to the
public property and the public debt.

2d. Montgomery is made the temporary seat of government.

3d. This Constitution is to continue one year, unless altered by a
two-thirds vote or superseded by a permanent Government.

Footnote 9:

From Lalor’s _Encyclopædia of Political Science_, published by Rand &
McNally. Chicago, Ill.

Footnote 10:

Official Journal of the Convention, pp. 9 and 10.

Footnote 11:

The text of Webster’s speech in reply to Hayne, now accepted as the
greatest constitutional exposition ever made by any American orator,
will be found in our book devoted to Great Speeches on Great Issues.

Footnote 12:

These were afterwards seized.

Footnote 13:

The attempted removal of these heavy guns from Allegheny Arsenal, late
in December, 1860, created intense excitement. A monster mass meeting
assembled at the call of the Mayor of the city, and citizens of all
parties aided in the effort to prevent the shipment. Through the
interposition of Hon. J. K. Moorhead, Hon. R. McKnight, Judge Shaler,
Judge Wilkins, Judge Shannon, and others inquiry was instituted, and a
revocation of the order obtained. The Secessionists in Congress
bitterly complained of the “mob law” which thus interfered with the
routine of governmental affairs.—McPherson’s History.

Footnote 14:

Resigned January 17th, 1861, and succeeded by Hon. Lot M. Morrill.

Footnote 15:

Did not attend.

Footnote 16:

Resigned and succeeded January 2d, 1861, by Hon. Stephen Coburn.

Footnote 17:

From the “History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery,” by
Hon. Isaac N. Arnold.

Footnote 18:

1864, February 15—Repealed the above act, but provided for continuing
organizations of partisan rangers acting as regular cavalry and so to
continue; and authorizing the Secretary of War to provide for uniting
all bands of partisan rangers with other organizations and bringing
them under the general discipline of the provisional army.

Footnote 19:

See memorandum at end of list.

Footnote 20:

This incident was related to the writer by Col. A. K. McClure of
Philadelphia, who was in Lancaster at the time.

Footnote 21:

Arnold’s “History of Abraham Lincoln.”

Footnote 22:

On the 23d of July, 1861, the Attorney-General, in answer to a letter
from the United States Marshal of Kansas, inquiring whether he should
assist in the execution of the fugitive slave law, wrote:

ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S OFFICE, _July 23, 1861_.

J. L. MCDOWELL, _U. S. Marshal, Kansas_:

Your letter, of the 11th of July, received 19th, (under frank of
Senator Lane, of Kansas,) asks advice whether you should give your
official services in the execution of the fugitive slave law.

It is the President’s constitutional duty to “take care that the
laws be faithfully executed.” That means all the laws. He has no
right to discriminate, no right to execute the laws he likes, and
leave unexecuted those he dislikes. And of course you and I, his
subordinates, can have no wider latitude of discretion than he has.
Missouri is a State in the Union. The insurrectionary disorders in
Missouri are but individual crimes, and do not change the legal
status of the State, nor change its rights and obligations as a
member of the Union.

A refusal by a ministerial officer to execute any law which properly
belongs to his office, is an official misdemeanor, of which I have
no doubt the President would take notice. Very respectfully

EDWARD BATES.

Footnote 23:

Republicans in Roman; Democrats in italics.

Footnote 24:

Democrats in italics.

Footnote 25:

Republicans in roman; Democrats in italics.

Footnote 26:

In 1860 a vote was had in the State of New York on a proposition to
permit negro suffrage without a property qualification. The result of
the city was—yeas 1,640. nays 37,471. In the State—yeas 197,505, nays
337,984. In 1864 a like proposition was defeated—yeas 85,406, nays
224,336.

In 1862, in August, a vote was had in the State of Illinois, on
several propositions relating to negroes and mulattoes, with this
result:

For excluding them from the State 171,893

Against 71,306

——————— 100,587

Against granting them suffrage or right to office 21,920

For 35,649

——————— 176,271

For the enactment of laws to prohibit them from going
to, or voting in, the State 198,938

Against 44,414

——————— 154,524

—_From McPherson’s History of the Great Rebellion._

Footnote 27:

December 23, 1862—Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation of outlawry
against Major General B. F. Butler, the last two clauses of which are:

Third. That all negro slaves captured in arms be at once delivered
over to the executive authorities of the respective States to which
they belong, to be dealt with according to the laws of said States.

Fourth. That the like orders be executed in all cases with respect to
all commissioned officers of the United States when found serving in
company with said slaves in insurrection against the authorities of
the different States of this Confederacy.

Footnote 28:

McPherson’s History, page 317.

Footnote 29:

This act is in those words:

_Be it enacted, &c._, That hereafter every person elected or appointed
to any office of honor or profit under the government of the United
States, either in the civil, military, or naval departments of the
public service, excepting the President of the United States, shall,
before entering upon the duties of such office, and before being
entitled to any of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take and
subscribe the following oath or affirmation: “I, A B, do solemnly
swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the
United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have
voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to
persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have never sought
nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office
whatever, under any authority or pretended authority, in hostility to
the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any
pretended government, authority, power, or constitution within the
United States, hostile or inimical thereto; and I do further swear (or
affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support
and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies,
foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to
the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental
reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully
discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter; so
help me God;” which said oath, so taken and signed, shall be preserved
among the files of the Court, House of Congress, or Department to
which the said office may appertain. And any person who shall falsely
take the said oath shall be guilty of perjury, and on conviction, in
addition to the penalties now prescribed for that offense, shall be
deprived of his office, and rendered incapable forever after, of
holding any office or place under the United States.

Footnote 30:

Compiled by Hon. Edward McPherson in his Hand-Book of Politics for
1868.

Footnote 31:

Unofficial.

Footnote 32:

From Greeley’s Recollections of a Busy Life, page 413.

Footnote 33:

From the Century of Independence by John Sully, Boston.

Footnote 34:

The following is a correct table of the ballots in the New York
Democratic Convention:

────────────────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬──── Candidates. │ 1.│ 2.│ 3.│ 4.│ 5.│ 6.│ 7.│ 8.│ 9.│ 10.│ 11. ────────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Horatio Seymour │ │ │ │ 9│ │ │ │ │ │ │ George H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pendleton │ 105│ 104│119½│118½│ 122│122½│137½│156½│ 144│147½│144½ Andrew Johnson │ 65│ 52│ 34½│ 32│ 24│ 21│ 12½│ 6│ 5½│ 6│ 5½ Winfield S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hancock │ 33½│ 40½│ 45½│ 43½│ 46│ 47│ 42½│ 28│ 34½│ 34│ 33½ Sanford E. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Church │ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ 33│ │ │ │ Asa Packer │ 26│ 26│ 26│ 26│ 27│ 27│ 26│ 26│ 26½│ 27½│ 26 Joel Parker │ 13│ 15½│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7 James E. English│ 16│ 12½│ 7½│ 7½│ 7│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ │ James R. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Doolittle │ 13│ 1½│ 12│ 12│ 15│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12½ Reverdy Johnson │ 8½│ 8│ 11│ 8│ 9½│ │ │ │ │ │ Thomas A. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hendricks │ 2½│ 2│ 9½│ 11½│ 19½│ 30│ 39½│ 75│ 80½│ 82½│ 88 F. P. Blair, Jr.│ ½│ 10½│ 4½│ 2│ │ 5│ ½│ ½│ ½│ ½│ ½ Thomas Ewing │ │ ½│ 1│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ J. Q. Adams │ │ │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ George B. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ McClellan │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Salmon P. Chase │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Franklin Pierce │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ John T. Hoffman │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Stephen J. Field│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Thomas H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ────────────────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────

────────────────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬──── Candidates. │ 12.│ 13.│ 14.│ 15.│ 16.│ 17.│ 18.│ 19.│ 20.│ 21.│ 22. ────────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Horatio Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 317 George H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pendleton │145½│134½│ 130│129½│107½│ 70½│ 56½│ │ │ │ Andrew Johnson │ 4½│ 4½│ │ 5½│ 5½│ 6│ 10│ │ │ 5│ Winfield S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hancock │ 30│ 48½│ 56│ 79½│113½│137½│144½│135½│142½│135½│ Sanford E. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Church │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Asa Packer │ 26│ 26│ 26│ │ │ │ │ 22│ │ │ Joel Parker │ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 3½│ │ │ │ James E. English│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│ 16│ 19│ James R. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Doolittle │ 12½│ 13│ 13│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ Reverdy Johnson │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Thomas A. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hendricks │ 89│ 81│ 84½│ 82½│ 70½│ 80│ 87│107½│ 121│ 132│ F. P. Blair, Jr.│ ½│ ½│ │ │ │ │ │ 13½│ 13│ │ Thomas Ewing │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ J. Q. Adams │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ George B. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ McClellan │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ½│ Salmon P. Chase │ ½│ ½│ │ │ │ ½│ ½│ ½│ │ 4│ Franklin Pierce │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ John T. Hoffman │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ Stephen J. Field│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 15│ 9│ 8│ Thomas H. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 4│ 2│ │ ────────────────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴──── Necessary to choice 212

Footnote 35:

General Blair was nominated unanimously on the first ballot.

Footnote 36:

One Democratic elector was defeated, being cut by over 500 voters on a
local issue.

Footnote 37:

Commonly called “Greenbacks,” or “Legal Tender notes.”

Footnote 38:

Commonly called “National Bank notes.”

Footnote 39:

By Rand & McNally, Chicago, Ill., 1882.

Footnote 40:

This was partially done by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1881.

Footnote 41:

Act of March 2, 1850.

Footnote 42:

Act of January 19, 1866.

Footnote 43:

Senate doc. 181, 46th Congress.

Footnote 44:

Sec. 2, 258, Rev. Stat. U.S.

Footnote 45:

According to the affidavits of Samuel Howard and others, page 14.

Footnote 46:

See Report of Attorney-General United States, 1880–81.

Footnote 47:

Act of March 6, 1862.

Footnote 48:

Act of February 16, 1872.

Footnote 49:

Secs. 1 and 2, act of February 3, 1852.

Footnote 50:

See act of January 17, 1862.

Footnote 51:

Act of January 7, 1854, sec. 14.

Footnote 52:

Acts of Jan 21, 1853, and of January, 1855, sec. 29.

Footnote 53:

Act of February 18, 1852.

Footnote 54:

Act of February 18, 1852.

Footnote 55:

Act of January 14, 1854.

Footnote 56:

Sec. 106. Act March 6, 1852.

Footnote 57:

Enormous sums are, however, given to soldiers who were wounded during
the war, or who pretend that they were—for jobbery on an unheard of
scale is practised in connection with these pensions. It is estimated
that $120,000,000 (24,000,000_l._) will have to be paid during the
present fiscal year, for arrears of pension, and the number of
claimants is constantly increasing, [The writer evidently got these
“facts” from sensational sources.]—_Am. Pol._

Footnote 58:

The undeniable facts of the case were as we have briefly indicated
above, See, for example, a letter to the ‘New York Nation,’ Nov. 3,
1881.

Footnote 59:

Speech In New York, March 7, 1881.

Footnote 60:

‘New York Tribune,’ Feb. 25, 1870.

Footnote 61:

Letter in New York papers, Feb. 20, 1875.

Footnote 62:

Mr. George William Curtis, in ‘Harper’s Magazine,’ 1870.

Footnote 63:

Article I. sect. vi. 2.

Footnote 64:

‘Commentaries,’ I. book iii. sect. 869.

Footnote 65:

[These are mere traditions tinged with the spirit of some of the
assaults made in the “good old days” even against so illustrious a man
as Washington.—_Am. Pol._]

Footnote 66:

Mr. Watterson, formerly a distinguished member of Congress, is the
author of the “tariff for revenue only” plank in the Democratic
National Platform of 1880, and is now, as he has been for years, the
chief editor of the _Louisville Courier Journal_.

Footnote 67:

American, 707; scattering 989.

Footnote 68:

In Connecticut, the vote for Sheriff is taken. In New York, the
average vote on four of the five State officers chosen, excluding
Secretary of State. In Nebraska, Democratic and Anti-Monopoly vote
combined on Judge.

Footnote 69:

Scattering, 106.

Footnote 70:

In these States the vote on Lieutenant-Governor was taken, as being
from special causes, a fairer test of party strength. In the others
the principal State officer was taken. Where State officers were not
elected, the Congressional vote was taken. In Georgia,
Congressmen-at-Large was taken.

Footnote 71:

The vote for Chief Judge.

Footnote 72:

The Regular and Independent Republican vote is combined.

Footnote 73:

Vote of the two Democratic candidates is combined.

Footnote 74:

One vote lacking in each.

Footnote 75:

One vote lacking.

Footnote 76:

One vote lacking.

Footnote 77:

3 votes lacking.

Footnote 78:

Upon the resolution of Mr. Wythe, which proposed, “That the committee
should ratify the constitution, and that whatsoever amendments might
be deemed necessary should be recommended to the consideration of the
congress, which should first assemble under the constitution, to be
acted upon according to the mode prescribed therein.”

Footnote 79:

In answer to an address of Governor Eustis, denouncing the conduct of
the peace party during the war, the House of Representatives of
Massachusetts, in June, 1823, say, “The change of the political
sentiments evinced in the late elections forms indeed a new era in the
history of our commonwealth. It is the triumph of reason over passion;
of patriotism over party spirit. Massachusetts has returned to her
first love, and is no longer a stranger in the Union. We rejoice that
though, during the last war, such measures were adopted in this state
as occasioned double sacrifice of treasure and of life, covered the
friends of the nation with humiliation and mourning, and fixed a stain
on the page of our history, a redeeming spirit has at length arisen to
take away our reproach, and restore to us our good name, our rank
among our sister states, and our just influence in the Union.

“Though we would not renew contentions, or irritate wantonly, we
believe that there are cases when it is necessary we should ‘wound to
heal.’ And we consider it among the first duties of the friends of our
national government, on this return of power, to disavow the
unwarrantable course pursued by this state, during the late war, and
to hold up the measures of that period as beacons; that the present
and succeeding generations may shun that career which must inevitably
terminate in the destruction of the individual or party who pursues
it; and may learn the important lesson, that, in all times, the path
of duty is the path of safety; and that it is never dangerous to rally
around the standard of our country.”

Footnote 80:

2d Dodson’s Admiralty Reports, 48. 13th Mass. Reports, 26.

Footnote 81:

It appears at p. 6 of the “Account” that by a vote of the House of
Representatives of Massachusetts, (260 to 290) delegates to this
convention were ordered to be appointed to consult upon the subject
“of their public grievances and concerns,” and upon “the best means of
preserving their resources,” and for procuring a revision of the
constitution of the United States, “more effectually to secure the
support and attachment of all the people, by placing all upon the
basis of fair representation.”

The convention assembled at Hartford on the 15th December, 1814. On
the next day it was

_Resolved_, That the most inviolable secrecy shall be observed by each
member of this convention, including the secretary, as to all
propositions, debates, and proceedings thereof, until this injunction
shall be suspended or altered.

On the 24th of December, the committee appointed to prepare and report
a general project of such measures as may be proper for the convention
to adopt, reported among other things,—

“1. That it was expedient to recommend to the legislatures of the
states the adoption of the most effectual and decisive measures to
protect the militia of the states from the usurpations contained in
these proceedings.” [The proceedings of Congress and the executive, in
relation to the militia and the war.]

“2. That it was expedient also to prepare a statement, exhibiting the
necessity which the improvidence and inability of the general
government have imposed upon the states of providing for their own
defence, and the impossibility of their discharging this duty, and at
the same time fulfilling the requisitions of the general government,
and also to recommend to the legislatures of the several states to
make provision for mutual defence, and to make an earnest application
to the government of the United States, with a view to some
arrangement whereby the state may be enabled to retain a portion of
the taxes levied by Congress, for the purpose of self-defence, and for
the reimbursement of expenses already incurred on account of the
United States.

“3. That it is expedient to recommend to the several state
legislatures certain amendments to the constitution, viz.,—

“That the power to declare or make war, by the Congress of the United
States, be restricted.

“That it is expedient to attempt to make provision for restraining
Congress in the exercise of an unlimited power to make new states, and
admit them into the Union.

“That an amendment be proposed respecting slave representation and
slave taxation.”

On the 29th of December, 1814, it was proposed “that the capacity of
naturalized citizens to hold offices of trust, honor, or profit ought
to be restrained,” &c.

The subsequent proceedings are not given at large. But it seems that
the report of the committee was adopted, and also a recommendation of
certain measures (of the character of which we are not informed) to
the states for their mutual defence; and having voted that the
injunction of secrecy, in regard to all the debates and proceedings of
the convention, (except so far as relates to the report finally
adopted,) be continued, the convention adjourned _sine die_, but as
was supposed, to meet again when circumstances should require it.

Footnote 82:

I refer to the authority of Chief Justice Marshall in the case of
Jonathan Robbins. I have not been able to refer to the speech, and
speak from memory.

Footnote 83:

In this extended abstracts are given and data references omitted not
applicable to these times.

Footnote 84:

Speech at the Tabernacle, New York, February 10, 1843, in public
debate on this resolution:—

_Resolved_, That a Protective Tariff is conducive to our National
Prosperity.

Affirmative: JOSEPH BLUNT,
HORACE GREELEY.

Negative: SAMUEL J. TILDEN,
PARKE GODWIN.

From Greeley’s “Recollections of a Busy Life.”

Footnote 85:

All the series were published in 1860 by Follet, Foster & Co.,
Columbus, Ohio.

Footnote 86:

The dominion of Canada has since imposed compound duties upon a large
number of articles.

Footnote 87:

In the British Almanac of 1881 it is stated that meat is eaten in
Ireland by only 59 per cent. of the farm laborers, and in quantity
only four and one-half ounces per week.

Footnote 88:

The portion of this clause within brackets has been amended by the
14th amendment, 2nd section.

Footnote 89:

This clause has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment.

Footnote 90:

From W. J. McDonald’s “Constitution, Rules and Manual.”

Footnote 91:

New Jersey withdrew her consent to the ratification April —, 1868.

Footnote 92:

Oregon withdrew her consent to the ratification October 15, 1868.

Footnote 93:

Ohio withdrew her consent to the ratification January —, 1868.

Footnote 94:

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia had previously
rejected the amendment.

Footnote 95:

New York withdrew her consent to the ratification January 5, 1870.

Footnote 96:

Ohio had previously rejected the amendment May 4, 1869.

Footnote 97:

New Jersey had previously rejected the amendment.

Footnote 98:

This arrangement is changed by the 8th rule.

Footnote 99:

The former practice of the Senate referred to in this paragraph has
been changed by the following rule:

[The final question upon the second reading of every bill, resolution,
constitutional amendment, or motion, originating in the Senate and
requiring three readings previous to being passed, shall be, “whether
it shall be engrossed and read a third time?” and no amendment shall
be received for discussion at the third reading of any bill,
resolution, amendment, or motion, unless by unanimous consent of the
members present; but it shall at all times be in order before the
final passage of any such bill, resolution, constitutional amendment,
or motion, to move its commitment; and should such commitment take
place, and any amendment be reported by the committee, the said bill,
resolution, constitutional amendment, or motion, shall be again read a
second time, and considered as in Committee of the Whole, and then the
aforesaid question shall be again put.—_Rule 26._]

Footnote 100:

This rule has been modified so as to specify the questions entitled to
preference. The rule is now as follows:

RULE 43. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received
but to adjourn, to adjourn to a day certain, or that, when the Senate
adjourn, it shall be to a day certain; to take a recess, to proceed to
the consideration of the executive business, to lay on the table, to
postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a day certain, to commit, or to
amend: which several motions shall have precedence in the order in
which they stand arranged, and the motions relating to adjournment, to
proceed to the consideration of executive business, and to lay on the
table, shall be decided without debate.

Footnote 101:

In filling up blanks, the largest sum and longest time shall be first
put. _Rule 32._

Footnote 102:

The rule now fixes a limitation.

Footnote 103:

This rule has been so amended as to except Indian treaties; which
shall be considered and acted upon in open Senate, unless the same
shall be transmitted by the President to the Senate in confidence.

Footnote 104:

This rule has since been modified by the U. S. Senate.

Footnote 105:

Liable to arrest for misdemeanor.

Footnote 106:

Also punishable as a misdemeanor. Banks forfeit interest only, or
double the interest if charged in advance.

Footnote 107:

Also 6% on judgments.

Footnote 108:

The figures in this column mark the terms held by the Presidents.

Footnote 109:

Acting Vice-President and President _pro tem._ of the Senate.

Footnote 110:

Not voting—Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and
Virginia.

Footnote 111:

Not voting—Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia.

Footnote 112:

Seventeen votes rejected, viz.: 3 from Georgia for Horace Greeley
(dead), and 8 from Louisiana, and 6 from Arkansas for U. S. Grant.

Footnote 113:

Not a Cabinet officer, but a subordinate of the Treasury Department
until 1829.

Footnote 114:

Naval affairs were under the control of the Secretary of War until a
separate Navy Department was organized by Act of April 30th, 1798. The
Acts organizing the other Departments were of the following dates:
_State_, September 15th, 1789; _Treasury_, September 2d, 1789; _War_,
August 7th, 1789. The Attorney-General’s duties were regulated by the
Judiciary Act of September 24th, 1789.

Footnote 115:

Secretary Windom died Jan. 29, 1891, and was succeeded by Charles
Foster, Ohio.

Footnote 116:

Candidates from Southern States.

Footnote 117:

Resigned.

Footnote 118:

Presided one term of the court; appointment not confirmed by the
Senate.

Footnote 119:

The Supreme Court, at its first session in 1790, consisted of a Chief
Justice and five Associates. The number of Associate Justices was
increased to six in 1807 by the appointment of Thomas Todd; increased
to eight in 1837 by the appointments of John Catron and John McKinley;
increased to nine in 1863 by the appointment of Stephen J. Field;
decreased to eight on the death of John Catron in 1865; decreased to
seven on the death of James M. Wayne in 1867; and again increased to
eight in 1870, with a view to get the legal tender decision—a policy
for such precedents are found in the governments of England and
France.

Footnote 120:

These do not include the militia that were brought into service during
the various invasions of Lee’s armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Footnote 121:

Colored Troops organized at various stations in the States in
rebellion, embracing all not specifically credited to States, and
which cannot be assigned.—ADJUTANT-GENERAL’S OFFICE, _Washington,
November 9, 1880_.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Reindexed footnotes using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 4. Renumbered pages to avoid duplicates as follows: Book II added 2000,