Chapter XXX: Appendix: Lists of Verbs (2)

_A_ for _on_ (_a-fishing_), 147, 149.
_A_ or _an_, 77 ff.;
distributive, 79.
_About_, with infinitive, 105, 135.
Absolute construction, 144. See Nominative.
Absolute use of transitive verbs, 92.
Abstract nouns, 29 f.
Accusative, 52.
Action, nouns in _-ing_, 145 ff.
Active voice, 107 ff. See Passive.
Adjective, 5, 75 ff.;
descriptive and definitive, 5, 75 f.;
proper, 75;
compound, 75;
pronominal, 76 (cf. 62 ff.);
attributive, appositive, predicate, 76 f.;
articles, 77 ff;
comparison, 79 ff., 88 f.;
numerals, 89 f.;
noun as adjective, adjective as noun, 9, 78;
participle as, 143;
adjective in exclamations, 155 f.;
as modifier of subject, 192 f.
See Adjective pronoun, Predicate adjective.
Adjective clauses, 20, 66, 86, 157 f.;
place or time, 163 f.;
as modifiers of subject, 192 f.;
of complement, 206.
Adjective phrases, 16, 157;
comparison of, 89;
as modifiers of subject, 192 f.;
as complements, 204;
as modifiers of modifiers, 207.
Adjective pronouns, 62 ff.;
demonstrative, 62 ff.;
indefinite, 64 f.
Adverb, defined, 7;
classification, forms, and use, 83 ff.;
relative or conjunctive, 86;
interrogative, 86;
comparison, 87 ff.;
numeral, 89 f.;
in exclamations, 155 f.;
as modifier, 196 f., 206, 208.
Adverbial clauses, 20 f., 86, 158 f.;
place or time, 163 f.;
causal, 164;
concessive, 164 f.;
purpose or result, 166 f.;
conditional, 167 ff.;
comparison, degree, manner, 173;
indirect question, 180;
as modifiers of predicate, 196 f.;
of complement, 206;
of modifiers, 207 f.
Adverbial objective, 53;
clause as, 158 f.;
as modifier, 198.
Adverbial phrases, 16, 53, 142, 158;
numeral, 90;
as modifiers of predicate, 196 f., 198 ff.;
of complement, 206;
of modifiers, 207 f.
_Advising_, verbs of, with infinitive clause, 138.
Affirmative, 85.
_A-fishing_, etc., 147, 149.
_After_, preposition, 148;
relative adverb, 86, 157, 164.
Agreement, of predicate nominative with subject, 41, 57 f.;
of appositive, 42, 47, 53, 57;
of pronoun with antecedent, 55, 65;
of relative with antecedent, 68, 102;
of verb with subject, 97, 100 ff.
_All_, 65.
Alternative conditions, 168;
questions, 179.
_Although._ See _Though_.
Analysis, 183 ff.;
structure of sentences, 183 ff.;
analysis, with models, 188 ff.;
simple sentences, 188;
compound, 188 f.;
complex, 189 f.;
compound complex, 190;
modifiers, 191 ff.;
complements, 200 ff.;
modifiers of complements and of modifiers, 205 ff.;
independent elements, 209;
combinations of clauses, 210 ff.;
elliptical sentences, 224 ff.
See further under these several heads.
Anglo-Saxon, xv, 316 f.
Animals, names of, gender, 32;
pronouns, 69.
_Another_, 64 f.
Antecedent of pronoun, 4;
agreement, 55, 65, 68, 102;
unexpressed, 71 ff.;
_what_, 71;
compound relatives, 72 f.
_Any_, _anything_, 64 f.
Apodosis, 168.
Apostrophe, 43 ff., 56, 311.
_Appear_, with predicate nominative or adjective, 6 f., 76, 93.
Apposition, 42. See Appositive.
Appositive, case of, 42, 47, 53, 57;
with possessive, 47;
infinitive as, 134 f.;
clause as, 159 ff., 167, 174, 180, 196;
appositive as modifier, 195 f., 207.
Appositive adjective, 76.
Appositive phrase, 195.
Archaisms, xvii. See Old.
Articles, 77 ff.;
generic, 77;
repeated, 78;
with verbal noun, 147.
_As_, relative pronoun, 67;
relative adverb, 86, 153;
conjunction, 153;
in concession, 165;
in clauses of degree, 173.
_As if_, _as though_, 122, 153, 173;
_as to_, with infinitive, 167.
_Asking_, verb of, two objects, 50;
retained object, 112;
with indirect question, 179 ff. (cf. 160).
Assertion, 2, 5, 13.
Attribute. See Predicate adjective, Predicate objective.
Attributive adjective, 76.
_Aught_, _naught_, 65.
Authorship, 43.
Auxiliary verbs, 6, 91;
in future, 102 ff.;
in compound tenses, 106;
in passive, 108 ff.;
in progressive form, 113 f.;
in emphatic form, 114;
replacing subjunctive, 123;
in potential verb-phrases, 124 ff.

_Be_, 6 f., 93;
conjugation, 99, 118 f., 300 f.;
auxiliary of passive, 108 ff.;
of progressive form, 113;
ellipsis of, 114, 144, 164 f., 169, 224 f.;
predicate pronoun after, 139.
See Predicate nominative.
_Become_, with predicate nominative or adjective, 6 f., 76, 93.
_Before_, preposition, 148;
relative adverb, 86, 157, 163 f.;
with subjunctive, 122;
with _should_, 130.
_Believing_, verbs of, with infinitive clause, 138.
Biblical style. See Solemn.
_Bid_, with infinitive, 138.
_Both_, pronoun, 64.
_Both ... and_, 15, 153.
_But_, adverb, 135.
_But_, coördinate conjunction, 152;
subordinate, 153 f.;
elliptical constructions, 154.
_But_, preposition, 148;
with infinitive, 135.

_Calling_, verbs of, two objects, 50;
predicate nominative after passive, 111.
_Can_, _could_, 124 ff., 299.
Capital letters, 27 ff., 75;
rules, 305.
Cardinal numerals, 89 f.
Case, 40 ff.;
nominative, 40 ff.;
possessive, 43 ff.;
objective, 47 ff.;
of appositives, 42, 47, 53, 57.
See Pronouns.
Cause, clauses of, 164;
nominative absolute, 144.
Chaucer, xv, 43, 49, 85, 317 f.
_Choosing_, verbs of, two objects, 50;
predicate nominative after passive, 111.
Clauses, independent and subordinate, 16 ff.;
as parts of speech, 19 ff., 157 ff.;
infinitive, 137 ff.;
simple, compound, complex, 210 ff.;
combination of, 210 ff.
See Adjective, Adverbial, Noun, Infinitive clause.
Clauses, subordinate, classified according to meaning, 163 ff.;
place and time, 163 f.;
cause, 164;
concession, 164 f.;
purpose and result, 166 f.;
conditional, 167 ff.;
comparison and manner, 173;
indirect discourse, 173 ff.;
indirect questions, 179 ff.
Cognate object, 52;
_it_ as, 58;
as modifier, 199.
Collective nouns, 29 f.;
verbs with, 101 f.
Colloquial forms and constructions, xvi, 38, 57 ff., 61, 69, 100, 112,
120, 149, 155.
Colon, 309 f.
Color, adjectives of, 84.
Combinations of clauses, 210 ff.
_Come_, _have_ (or _am_) _come_, 107.
Comma, 70, 306 ff.
Command, with _shall_ or _will_, 105, 118;
as condition, 169;
verbs of, with infinitive clause, 138;
with noun clause, 160, 167.
See Imperative.
Common gender, 31.
Common nouns, 27 ff.;
personification, 28 f.
Comparative and superlative, of adjectives, 79 ff., 88 f.;
of adverbs, 87 ff.;
use, 88 f.;
comparative with _the_, 86.
Comparison, clauses of, 173.
Comparison of adjectives, 79 ff., 88 f.;
of adverbs, 87 ff.;
use of, 88 f.
Complementary infinitive, 137.
Complementary object, 50. See Predicate objective.
Complements. See Object, Predicate objective, Predicate nominative,
Predicate adjective.
Complements, classified, 200 ff.;
direct object, 201;
predicate objective, 202;
predicate nominative, 202 f.;
predicate adjective, 203 f.
Complements, modifiers of, 205 f.
Complete predicate. See Predicate.
Complete predication, 200.
Complete subject. See Subject.
Complete tenses, 106 f.
Complete verbs, 200.
Complex clauses, 18, 187, 211 f., 215 f., 219 ff.
Complex compound. See Compound complex.
Complex sentences, 17 ff., 186;
analyzed, 189 f.;
varieties of, 216 ff.
Compound adjectives, 75.
Compound clauses, 151, 186, 210 ff.
Compound complex sentences, 18, 187, 215 f.;
analyzed, 190, 222 f.
Compound conjunctions, 153.
Compound nouns, 30, 146 f.;
plural, 36;
possessive, 46 f.
Compound personal pronouns, 60 ff.;
intensive and reflexive, 61 f.;
relatives, 72 f.
Compound predicate, 15, 184 f., 212 f.
Compound sentences, 17 ff., 185;
analyzed, 188 f.;
elaboration of, 213 f.
Compound subject, 15, 184 f., 212 f.;
agreement, 100 f.
Compound tenses, 106 f.
_Concerning_, 142, 149.
Concession, moods in, 120 ff.;
_should_ and _would_ in, 123, 131;
clauses of, 164 ff.
Conclusion, 168.
Conditional clauses and sentences, moods in, 120 ff., 170 ff.;
forms and meaning, 167 ff.;
classification, 169 ff.;
past and present, 170 f.;
non-committal and contrary to fact, 170 f.;
future, 171 f.;
_shall_, _will_, _should_, _would_, 130 f.
Conjugation, 25, 94 ff.;
indicative present and past, 98 f.;
future, 102;
active and passive, 108 ff.;
progressive, 113 f.;
potential verb-phrases, 124 f.;
tables of, 300 ff.
Conjunction, defined, 8;
classification and use, 151 ff.;
coördinate or coördinating, 151 f.;
subordinate or subordinating, 151, 153 f.;
correlative, 153 f.;
adverb, preposition, and, 152 f.;
and adverb, 150.
Conjunctive adverbs and pronouns. See Relative.
_Considering_, 142, 149.
Construction, xiv, 25 ff.
Contractions: _it’s_, 56;
_I’ll_, _we’ll_, 104;
_let’s_, 120;
_may n’t_, _ought n’t_, 126;
_I’d_, _we’d_, 130.
Contrary to fact, conditions, 170 f.
Coördinate (coördinating) conjunctions, 151 f.
Coördinate clauses, 17 ff., 185 ff., 210 ff.
Coördination in sentences, 210 ff. See Coördinate.
Copula. See _Be_.
Copulative verbs, 6 f., 76, 93. See _Be_.
Correlative conjunctions, 153 f.
_Could._ See _Can_.

_Dare_, 137, 299.
Dash, 310.
Dative, 52, 60.
Declarative sentences, 2.
_Declaring_, verbs of, with infinitive clause, 138.
Declension of nouns, 40;
of personal pronouns, 55 f.;
of _self_-pronouns, 60;
of demonstratives, 63;
of relatives, 67;
of compound relatives, 72;
of interrogatives, 73.
Defective verbs, 299.
Definite article, 77 ff.
Definitive adjectives, 5, 75 f.
Degree, adverbs of, 84;
clauses of, 173.
See Comparison.
Deity, words for the, 305.
Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, 62 ff.
Dependent. See Subordinate.
Descriptive adjectives, 4, 75;
relatives, 70 f.
_Desiring_, verbs of, with infinitive, 137;
with noun clause, 160, 167.
_Did._ See _Do_.
Direct address, nominative in, 42;
independent element, 209.
Direct discourse, 174 ff.
Direct object. See Object.
Direct quotations, 173 f.;
questions, 179.
_Do_, _did_, in questions, 114;
in emphatic verb-phrases, 114;
in imperative, 117;
as substitute for some other verb, 114.
Double comparison, 88;
conditions, 168.
_Doubting_, verb of, with indirect question, 179 (cf. 160).

_Each_, _each other_, 64 f.
Editorial _we_, 57.
_Either_, 64;
_either ... or_, 15, 153.
_Elder_, _eldest_, 81.
Elements. See Subject, Predicate, Modifiers, Complements, Independent.
Ellipsis, understood words, etc., 3, 47, 58, 63, 69, 71, 114, 117,
19 f., 121 f., 133, 144, 149, 153 f., 155, 160, 164 f., 169, 173,
175, 224 ff.
Elliptical sentences, 224 ff.
_’em_, 57.
Emphasis, superlative of, 88.
Emphatic verb-phrases, 114;
imperative, 117.
_-en_, plural ending of nouns, 35;
old plural ending of verbs, 99.
Endings, in inflection, 25;
gender, 33;
number, 34 ff.;
case, 40;
possessive, 43 f.;
comparison, 80 ff., 87;
adverbs, 83 ff.;
tense, 95 f.;
personal endings, 97 f.
English language, xi ff.;
history of, 316 ff.
Errors of speech, 37, 45, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 f., 74, 77, 88, 102 ff.,
126, 128 ff., 133 ff., 139, 147.
_Even if_, 153, 164 f.
_Every_, _everybody_, _everything_, 64 f.
_Except_, with infinitive, 135.
Exclamation, nominative in, 42, 57, 156;
objective _me_, 60;
infinitive, 136;
various parts of speech, 155 f.;
phrases, 155 f.;
clauses, 169;
as independent element, 209.
See Interjection.
Exclamation point, 155, 306.
Exclamatory sentences, 2 f., 74;
phrases, 155 f.;
expressions, 155 f., 209.
See Exclamation, Interjection.
Exercises, 227–290. See Table of Contents, v.
Exhortations, 120.
Expectation, subjunctive, 122 f.;
_should_, 130.
Expletive. See _It_, _There_.
Extent, possessive of, 46.
_Eyne_, 35.

_Feel_, with predicate adjective, 77;
with infinitive, 136.
Feminine. See Gender.
_Few_, 65.
Figures, plural of, 36.
_For_, conjunction, 152.
_For_, preposition, 148, 152;
with infinitive, 135;
with infinitive clause, 139.
Foreign plurals, 37.
Fractional parts, 90.
Future conditions, 171 f.
Future perfect tense, 106.
Future tense, 94, 102 ff. See _Shall_, _will_.

Gender, 31 ff.;
of nouns and pronouns, 31;
special rules for nouns, 32 ff.;
of pronouns, 56;
of relatives, 67 ff.
See Personification.
_Generally speaking_, 142.
Generic article, 77.
Genitive. See Possessive.
Gerund, 146.
_Giving_, verbs of, direct and indirect object, 50;
retained object, 112.
_Go._ See Motion.
_Going to_, 105.
Grammar, nature and principles of, xi ff.
_Granted that_, 168.

Habitual action, 127.
_Had rather_, etc., 123;
_had to_, 126.
_Half_, 102.
_Have_, _had_, 6, 95;
auxiliary in compound tenses, 106 ff., 141.
_He_, 56;
for _he or she_, 65.
_Hear_, with infinitive, 136.
_Hem_, old pronoun, 57.
_His_, as neuter, 56.
_Hosen_, 35.
_How_, 86.
_However_, 152;
in concessions, 165.
Hyphen, 30, 311.

_I’d_, _we’d_, 130.
Idioms, nature of, xv.
_If_, 153;
in conditions, 168 ff.;
in wishes, 169;
in indirect questions, 179.
_Ill_, 81, 87.
_I’ll_, _we’ll_, 104.
Imperative mood, 116 ff.;
in exclamations, 156;
as a condition, 169.
Imperative sentences, 2 f., 116 ff.;
subject of, 2, 117.
Impersonal _it_, 58. See _It_.
_In case that_, 153;
_in order that_, 153, 166;
_in order to_, 167.
Incomplete predication, 200;
verbs, 200.
Indefinite article, 77 ff.;
pronouns and adjectives, 64 f.;
nouns, 65;
relatives (_whoever_, etc.), 72 f.
Independent clauses, 17 f. See Clauses.
Independent elements, 209.
Independent participles, 142.
Indicative mood, 115 f.;
variety of use, 116;
in statements and questions of fact, 116;
in commands, 105, 118;
in concessions, 121;
in conditions, 170, 172.
Indirect discourse, 173 ff.;
tenses in, 175;
passive, 175 f.;
_shall_, _should_, _will_, _would_, 177 f.
Indirect object, 50 f.;
retained with passive, 112;
of participial nouns, 146;
as modifier, 199.
Indirect questions, 179 ff.;
infinitive in, 181;
subjunctive in, 181;
_shall_, _should_, _will_, _would_, 182.
Indirect quotations, 173 ff.
Infinitive, 11 ff., 132 ff.;
forms, 107, 133;
object and modifiers, 134;
uses, 134 ff.;
as noun, 11 ff., 134;
as object, 135;
as nominative of exclamation, 136;
as modifier, 136 f., 194, 197 f.;
with _see_, _hear_, _feel_, 136;
complementary, 137;
of purpose, 137, 167;
in verb-phrases, 12;
in future, 102;
in emphatic forms, 114, 117;
in potential verb-phrases, 124 ff.;
with _ought_, tenses, 126;
in indirect questions, 181;
in verb-phrases, see Future, Future perfect, Emphatic, Potential.
Infinitive clause, 137 ff.;
as object, 138 f.;
as subject, 139;
predicate pronoun in, 139;
expressing purpose, 167;
indirect discourse, 175.
Infinitive phrase, 194.
Inflection, nature and function of, xiii f., 25;
summary of, 26;
of nouns, 30 ff.;
of pronouns, 55 ff.;
of adjectives, 79 ff.;
of verbs, 94 ff.;
lists of verb-forms, 291 ff.
_-ing_, verbal nouns in, 145 ff. See Participial nouns.
Intensive pronouns, 61 f.
Interjections, defined, 8;
use, 155 f.;
as independent elements, 209.
Interrogation point, 306.
Interrogative adverbs, 86;
with clauses, 157;
in indirect questions, 179;
with infinitive, 181.
Interrogative pronouns, 73 f.;
as adjectives, 74;
with prepositions, 150;
with clauses, 157;
in indirect questions, 179 ff.;
with infinitive, 181.
Interrogative sentences, 2 f.;
order in, 3;
_do_, _did_ in, 114;
direct and indirect questions, 179 ff.
Intransitive verbs, 48 f., 92 f.;
voice, 111;
in passive with preposition, 111.
Inverted order, 3, 85, 121 f., 161.
Irregular verbs, 95, 99;
participles, 141;
lists, 291 ff.
_Is._ See _Be_.
_It_, 56;
impersonal, 58;
expletive, 58, 135, 161, 175 f.;
cognate object, 58.

_Kind_, _sort_, 64.
_Kine_, 35.
_Knowing_, verbs of, indirect discourse, 174;
indirect question, 179.

Language, nature of, xi ff.;
English, 316 ff.
_Less_, _least_, 81, 87.
_Lest_, with subjunctive, 122;
purpose, 122, 166.
_Let_, with infinitive, 138;
_let us_, 120.
Letters, plural of, 36.
_Like_, _should like_, 129.
_Like_, with objective, 52.
Limiting adjectives, 5. See Definitive.
_Look_, with predicate adjective, 77.

Main clause, 17 f.;
analysis, 184 ff., 213 ff.;
compound, 216 f.
Majesty, plural of, 57.
_Make_, with infinitive, 138.
_Making_, verbs of, two objects, 50;
predicate nominative after passive, 111.
_-man_, words ending in, plural of, 35.
Manner, adverbs of, 83;
clauses of, 173.
_Many_, 65.
Masculine. See Gender.
_May_, _might_, auxiliary, 120 ff.;
replacing subjunctive, 123;
form, 299.
Measure or extent, possessive of, 46.
_Meseems_, _methinks_, 60.
_Might_, auxiliary, 123 ff.;
replacing subjunctive, 123;
_might better_, 123.
See _May_.
Modal auxiliaries, use and meaning, 124 ff.
Mode. See Mood.
Models for parsing, analysis, 54, 74, 82, 188 ff., 243, 250 f., 262,
270. See Exercises.
Modifiers, 7;
classified, 191 ff.;
of subject, 192 ff.;
adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses, 192 f.;
participles, 193 f.;
infinitives, 194;
possessives, 195;
appositives, 195 f.;
of predicate, 196 ff.;
adverbs, adverbial phrases, adverbial clauses, 196 f.;
infinitives, 197 f.;
adverbial objectives, 198;
nominative absolute, 198 f.;
indirect object, 199;
cognate object, 199.
Modifiers of complements, 205 f.
Modifiers of modifiers, 207 f.
Mood, 115 ff.;
indicative, 115 f.;
imperative, 116 ff.;
subjunctive, 118 ff.;
potential, 124.
See Indicative, Subjunctive, etc.
_More_, _most_, in comparison, 81, 87 ff.
_-most_, superlative suffix, 82.
Motion, verbs of, with _have_ or _be_, 107;
ellipsis, 225.
_Must_, auxiliary, 124 ff., 299.
_My_, _mine_, 59.

_Naming_, verbs of, two objects, 50;
predicate nominative after passive, 111.
_Naught_, _not_, 65.
_Near_, with objective, 52.
Negative, _neither_, 64, 152;
_none_, 64;
_not_, 65;
_no_, 85;
statements and questions, 114;
commands, 117;
purpose or result, 166 f.;
condition, 168.
_Neither_, pronoun, 64;
conjunction, with _nor_, 15, 152 ff.;
number with, 100.
Neuter. See Gender.
_Next_, 52, 82, 87.
_Nigh_, _next_, 82.
_No_, _yes_, 85.
Nominative case, 41 f.;
subject, 41;
predicate, 41;
direct address (vocative), 42;
in exclamation, 42;
absolute, 144, 198 f.
Non-committal conditions, 170 f.
_None_, 64.
_Nor_, _neither ... nor_, number with, 100.
_Not_, 65.
_Notwithstanding_, preposition or conjunction, 152, 154.
Noun, defined, 4;
classification, 27 ff.;
common and proper, 27 ff.;
abstract and collective, 29 f.;
compound, 30, 36, 47, 146 f.;
inflection, 30 ff.;
gender, 31 ff.;
number, 34 ff.;
person, 39;
case, 40 ff.;
numeral, 89 f.;
verbal (participial), 145 ff.
See Infinitive.
Noun clauses, 20, 159 ff.;
construction, as subject, object, etc., 159 ff.;
purpose and result, 166 f.;
indirect discourse, 174 ff.;
indirect questions, 180 ff.;
analysis, 190;
as complement, 201 ff.;
direct object, 201;
predicate objective, 202;
predicate nominative, 203.
Noun-phrases, 16, 28;
possessive of, 47;
verbal noun-phrases, 146.
_Number_, _a_ (or _the_), 101.
Number of nouns, 34 ff.;
of pronouns, 56 f., 60, 63 ff., 67 f., 72;
of verbs, 97 ff., 100 ff.;
agreement in, 55, 65, 68, 97, 100 ff.
Numerals, 89 f.

_O_ or _oh_, 8, 155;
in wishes, 155.
Object, of preposition, 8, 47, 148;
of verb, direct, 48 ff.;
predicate objective, 50;
indirect, 50 f.;
for whom, 51;
cognate, 52;
retained, 112;
of infinitive, 134;
of verbal (participial) noun, 146 f.;
infinitive as, 135;
infinitive clause as, 138 f.;
noun-clause as, 159 ff., 167, 174 ff., 180 f.
See Complements, Modifiers.
Object clauses. See Noun clauses.
Objective attribute, 50.
Objective case, 47 ff.;
of service, 51 f.;
adverbial, 53;
in apposition, 53;
of pronouns, 55 f., 60, 63, 67, 69, 72, 73 f.;
in exclamation, 60;
subject of infinitive, 138 f.
See Object.
Objective complement, 50. See Predicate objective.
Obsolete words, etc., xvi f. See Old.
_Of mine_, 47, 59.
_Of_-phrase, 45.
Old or poetical forms and constructions, 28 f., 32, 35, 39, 43, 45,
52, 56 ff., 59 ff., 62 f., 67, 69, 73, 78, 82, 84 f., 88, 90,
95 ff., 99, 100, 105, 114, 116 f., 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 135,
149, 154, 225, 293, 297 ff.
_On condition that_, 168.
_One_, _one’s_, _one’s self_, 60, 65;
_one another_, 64 f.
_Or_, _either ... or_, 15, 153 f.;
number with _or_, _nor_, 100.
Order. See Inverted.
Orders, _will_ in, 105. See Command.
Ordinal numerals, 89 f.
_Other_, _another_, 64 f.
_Ought_, 126 f.
_Ourself_, 60.
_Owe_, _ought_, 126, 299.
_Own_, 61.

_Pains_, 101.
Parsing, models for, 54, 74, 82, 243, 250 f., 262, 270.
_Part_, _portion_, 102.
Participial nouns, 145 ff.;
object of, 146 f.;
modifiers of, 146;
as adjective, 146 f.;
with article, 147.
Participial phrase, 194.
Participles, 11 f., 140 ff.;
present, past, perfect, 12, 106 f., 140 f.;
constructions, 142 ff.;
object and modifiers of, 142 f.;
as prepositions, 142, 149;
as adjectives, 143;
with nominative absolute, 145;
as modifiers, 193 f., 205.
Parts of speech, defined, 3 ff.;
same word as different, 9 ff.;
substitutes for, 15 ff. (see Phrases, Clauses);
inflection and syntax, 25 ff.
See Noun, Pronoun, etc.
Passive voice, 107 ff.;
form of, 108 ff.;
use of, 110 ff.;
predicate nominative with, 111;
retained object with, 112;
in progressive form, 114;
in imperative, 117;
in subjunctive, 119;
intransitive verbs with preposition, 111;
passive distinguished from _be_ with participle used as adjective, 143;
clause as retained object, 160;
indirect discourse, 175 f.
Past conditions, 169 ff.;
non-committal, 170 f.;
contrary to fact, 171.
Past participle, 106, 140 f.;
as predicate adjective, 143.
Past perfect tense, 106, 109;
subjunctive, 121 f., 171;
progressive, 125;
in conditions, 121, 170 f.;
in indirect discourse, 175.
Past tense, 94 ff.;
personal endings, 97 ff.;
passive, 108;
progressive, 113 f.;
emphatic, 114;
subjunctive, 118, 121 ff., 171 f.;
indicative and subjunctive in conditions, 170 ff.;
in indirect discourse, 175.
_Pending_, 142, 149.
_Per_, _per cent_, etc., 79, 149.
_Perceiving_, verbs of, with infinitive clause, 138;
indirect discourse, 174;
indirect question, 179.
Perfect infinitive, 107, 133;
with _ought_, 126;
participle, 107, 140 f.
Perfect (or present perfect) tense, 106.
Period, 306.
Permission, 125 f., 129.
Person of substantives, 39;
of pronouns, 55 ff.;
of relatives, 68;
of verbs, 97 ff., 100 ff.
Personal construction, 176.
Personal endings, 97 f.
Personal pronouns, 55 ff.;
inflection, 55 ff.;
gender and number, 56 f.;
case, 57 ff.;
_self_-pronouns, 60 ff.;
as predicate nominative, 41.
Personification, 28 f., 32.
Phrases, 16;
kinds of, 16 (see Noun-phrases, Adjective phrases,
Adverbial phrases, Verb-phrases);
as prepositions, 149;
as conjunctions, 153;
exclamatory, 155;
in analysis, 191 ff.;
as modifiers of subject, 192 f.;
of predicate, 196 f.;
as complements, 204;
as modifiers of complements, 205 f.;
of other modifiers, 207 f.
See Progressive, Emphatic, Potential, Appositive, Infinitive,
Participial, Prepositional, Verbal noun-phrases.
Place and time, adverbs of, 83 ff.;
clauses of, 163 f.
Pluperfect tense, 106, 109;
subjunctive, 121 f., 171;
progressive, 125;
in conditions, 121, 170 f.;
in indirect discourse, 175.
Plural of nouns, 34 ff.;
irregular, 35 ff.;
of compounds, 36;
of foreign nouns, 37;
of proper names and titles, 35, 38;
of possessive, 43 f.;
of pronouns, 56 f., 60, 62 ff.;
of relatives, 67 f.;
of verbs, 97 ff.;
plural of majesty, 57.
Poetical forms and constructions, xvii. See Old.
_Portion_, _part_, 102.
Positive degree, 79, 87.
Possessive case of nouns, 43 ff.;
use, 45 ff.;
of measure, 46;
of compound nouns and of phrases, 46 f.;
apposition with, 47;
of personal pronouns, 55 f., 59;
of definite pronouns, 65;
of relatives, 67, 69, 72;
of interrogatives, 73;
possessive nouns modified, 207.
Possessive modifiers, 195, 205, 207.
Possessive pronouns, 55 f., 59;
_my_, _mine_, etc., use of, 59;
_one’s_, 65;
_whose_, 67, 69, 72, 73.
Potential verb-phrases, 124 ff.;
mood, 124 ff.
_Pray_, 58.
Prayers, subjunctive, 119 f.
Predicate, 2;
inverted order, 3, 85, 121 f., 161;
simple and complete, 14 f., 183 f.;
compound, 15, 184 f., 212 f.;
possessive in, 59;
analysis, 183 ff.;
modifiers of, 196 ff.;
complements, 200 ff.
See Complements, Modifiers.
Predicate adjective, 76 f., 93;
participle as, 143;
analysis, 203 f.;
as complement, 203 f.;
phrase as, 204;
modifiers of, 206.
Predicate nominative, 41, 49, 93;
of pronouns, 58;
after passive, 111;
infinitive as, 134 f.;
infinitive clause as, 139;
noun clause as, 159 f., 174, 180;
in analysis, 202 f.;
as complement, 202 f.;
modifiers of, 205 f.
Predicate objective, 50, 111;
adjective as, 50;
in analysis, 202;
as complement, 202;
modified, 205.
Predicate pronoun after _to be_, 139.
Predication, complete and incomplete, 200.
Preposition, defined, 8;
list and uses, 148 ff.;
object of, 8, 47, 150 ff.;
with intransitive verb, 111;
with passive, 111;
phrase used as, 149;
at end of clause, 149;
following the object, 149;
omitted, 149;
participle as, 149;
infinitive as object of, 135;
clause as object of, 161, 180.
Prepositional phrases, 16, 148.
Present conditions, 170 ff.;
non-committal, 170 f.;
contrary to fact, 171.
Present infinitive, 133;
with _ought_, 126.
Present participle, 12, 140 f.;
in verb-phrases, 13, 113 f., 130 f.;
with nominative absolute, 144.
Present perfect tense, 106.
Present tense form, 94;
personal endings, 97 f.;
conjugation, 98 f.;
in future sense, 105;
in future conditions, 172;
passive, 108;
progressive, 113 f.;
emphatic, 114;
imperative, 116 f.;
subjunctive, 118 f., 120 ff.;
indicative and subjunctive in conditions, 170 f.;
participle, 12, 144 ff.;
infinitive, 133.
Preterite, 94. See Past.
Preterite-present verbs, 299.
Principal clause. See Main clause.
Principal parts, 107;
list, 291 ff.
_Prithee_, 58.
Progressive verb-phrases, 113 f.;
in subjunctive, 119.
Prohibition, 117.
Pronominal adjectives. See Adjective pronouns; Demonstrative,
Indefinite, Relative, Interrogative.
Pronoun defined, 4;
antecedent of, 4;
classification, forms, and uses, 55 ff.;
predicate nominative, 41, 58.
See Personal, Adjective, Demonstrative, Indefinite, Relative,
Interrogative, Intensive, Reflexive, Reciprocal, Gender.
Pronoun, predicate, after to be, 139.
Proper nouns, 27 ff.;
plural, 35, 38;
possessive, 44;
adjectives, 75.
Prophecy, _shall_, 105.
Protasis, 168.
_Provided_ (_that_), 153, 168.
Punctuation, rules of, 306 ff.
Purpose, subjunctive and indicative, 122 f.;
infinitive of, 137, 167;
clauses of, 166 f.;
infinitive clause, 167.

Questions, 3 f.;
_shall_ and _will_ in, 102 ff.;
_should_ and _would_ in, 127 ff.;
_do_, _did_, 114;
_may_, 126;
as condition, 169;
direct and indirect, 179 ff.
See Interrogative.
Quotation marks, 310.
Quotations, direct and indirect, 173 ff.

_Rather_, 87;
_had rather_, 123.
Reciprocal pronouns, 64 f.
Reflexive pronouns, 61;
simple personal pronouns as, 61.
_Refusing_, verbs of, direct and indirect object, 50;
retained object, 112.
Regular verbs, 95 ff.;
participles, 141.
Relative adjectives, 73.
Relative adverbs, 86;
with subjunctive, 122;
introducing clauses, 157 f.;
place and time, 164;
concession, 165;
conditions, 169.
Relative pronouns, 66 ff.;
forms, 67;
gender, 67 ff.;
agreement, 68, 102;
case, 68 f., 139;
omitted, 69;
descriptive and restrictive, 70 f.;
_what_, 71;
compound relatives, 72 f.;
relatives introducing clauses, 66, 157 f.;
place and time, 163 f.;
concession, 131, 165;
condition, 131, 169.
Restrictive relatives, 70 f.
Result, clause of, 166 f.;
infinitive, 167;
negative, 167.
Retained object, 112;
clause as, 160.
Royal _we_, 57, 60.

_Same_ (_the_) _as_, 67.
_Saying._ See _Telling_.
_See_, with infinitive, 136.
_Seem_, with predicate nominative or adjective, 6 f., 76, 93;
_it seems that_, 176.
_Self_-pronouns, 60 ff.
Semicolon, 309 f.
Sentences, 1 ff.;
kinds of, 2 f.;
parts of speech in, 3 ff., 13 ff.;
essential elements in, 2, 14;
simple and complete subject and predicate, 14 f.;
clauses in, 16 ff.;
simple, compound, complex, 17 ff.;
compound complex, 18.
Sentences, analysis, 183 ff.;
structure and elements, 183;
of simple sentences, 184 f.;
of compound, 185;
of complex, 186;
of compound and complex clauses, 186 f.;
of compound complex sentences, 187;
models for analysis of simple, compound, complex,
compound complex sentences, 188 ff.;
modifiers, 191 ff.;
complements, 200 ff.;
modifiers of complements and of modifiers, 205 ff.;
independent elements, 209;
combinations of clauses making sentences of various forms, 210 ff.;
special complications, 220 ff.;
elliptical sentences, 224 ff.
See Subject, Compound, Complex, Modifiers, etc.
Sequence of tenses, 175, 179.
Service, objective of, 51 f.
_Several_, 65.
Shakspere, forms and constructions in, 35, 39, 47, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62,
63, 67, 69, 88, 90, 126, 149, 154, 166, 169, 171, 225.
_Shall_ and _will_, 102 ff.;
in assertions and questions, 102 ff.;
in subordinate clauses, 130 ff.;
indirect discourse, 177 f.;
indirect questions, 182;
forms, 299.
See _Should_.
Ship, gender, 32.
_Shoon_, 35.
_Should_ and _would_, in simple sentences and independent clauses,
127 ff.;
in subordinate clauses, 130 ff.;
in indirect discourse, 177 f.;
in indirect questions, 182.
See _Shall_.
_Should_ and _would_, special senses, 126 f.;
replacing subjunctive, 123;
in clauses of purpose, 130;
concessions, 131;
in conditional sentences, 131, 171 f.
Signs, plural of, 36.
Simple clauses. See Clauses.
Simple sentences, 17 ff., 184 f.;
analyzed, 188 f.;
elaboration of, 212 f.
See Sentences.
_Since_, adverb, preposition, conjunction, 86, 153.
Singular. See Number.
_Smell_, with predicate adjective, 77.
_So as to_, 167;
_so that_, 153, 166.
Solemn (or Biblical) style, xvii, 56 f., 60, 69, 90, 95, 98 f., 105,
117, 120, 122, 172.
_Some_, 64;
_somewhat_, 65.
_Sort_, _kind_, 64.
_Sound_, with predicate adjective, 77.
Split infinitive, 134.
_Still_, _yet_, adverbs or conjunctions, 152.
Strong verbs, 95, 99;
participles, 141;
list, 291 ff.
Style and grammar, xvi f.
Subject, 2;
inverted order, 3;
omitted, 3, 58, 114, 117, 121, 164 f., 169, 224 ff.;
simple and complete, 14 f.;
compound, 15, 184 f.;
infinitive as, 11, 134 f.;
clause as, 20, 139, 159 f., 174 f., 180, 190;
case, 41;
agreement with verb, 97, 100 ff.;
modifiers of, 192 ff.;
subject of infinitive, 138.
See Predicate nominative.
Subject and predicate, 2, 13 ff., 183 ff., 191 ff.
Subject complement, 41. See Predicate nominative.
Subjunctive mood, 115 f., 118 ff.;
forms, 118 f.;
uses, 119 ff.;
in wishes, etc., 119 f.;
concessions, 120 f.;
conditions, 120 ff., 170 ff.;
clauses of purpose or expectation, 122, 166;
with _as if_, 122, 173;
in indirect questions, 181;
auxiliaries replacing subjunctive, 123.
Subordinate clauses, 17 ff.;
as parts of speech, 19 ff., 157 ff.;
analysis, 186 ff., 189 ff.;
combinations of, 210; variety of use, 216 ff.;
special complications, 220 ff.
See Noun, Adjective, Adverbial, Indicative, Subjunctive.
Subordinate clauses, meanings of, 163 ff.;
place and time, 163 f.;
cause, 164;
concession, 164 f.;
purpose and result, 166 f.;
conditional, 167 ff.;
comparison and manner, 173;
indirect discourse, 173 ff.;
indirect questions, 179 ff.
Subordinate (or subordinating) conjunctions, 151, 153 f., 157.
Substantive, 4. See Noun, Pronoun.
Substantive clauses. See Noun clauses.
_Such_, 64;
_such ... as_, 67.
Superlative of emphasis, 88. See Comparison.
_Suppose_, _supposing_, 168.
Syntax, xiv, 25 ff.;
summary of rules, 311 ff.

_Taste_, with predicate adjective, 77.
_Telling_, verbs of, direct and indirect object, 50;
retained object, 112;
object clause, 160;
indirect discourse, 174.
Tense, 94 ff. See Present, Past, Future, Compound tenses.
Tenses, use in conditions, 121, 170 ff.;
with _ought_, 126;
in indirect discourse, 175, 177 ff.;
in indirect questions, 179, 182.
Termination. See Endings.
_Than_, 87;
case after, 173;
clauses, 173.
_That_, conjunction with subordinate clause, 20 f., 132, 137, 153,
157 ff., 160 ff.;
in clauses of purpose, 122 f., 130, 166 f.;
result, 166 f.;
indirect discourse, 174 ff.;
omitted, 153, 160, 175, 225.
_That_, demonstrative, 62 ff.;
relative, 67 ff.;
omitted, 69.
_The_, article, 77 ff.;
abbreviated to _ye_, 57;
_the which_, 67;
adverb with comparative, 86.
_Then_, adverb or conjunction, 152.
_There_, expletive, 85.
_Thereof_, _therewith_, etc., 60.
_They_, indefinite use, 57.
_Thinking_, verbs of, two objects, 50;
predicate nominative after passive, 111;
object clause, 160;
indirect discourse, 174;
indirect question, 179.
_This_, _these_, 62 ff.
_Thou_, _ye_, _you_, 56 f.
_Though_, _although_, 21;
mood after, 120 f.
See Concession.
_Till_, _until_, relative adverb, 86;
with subjunctive, 122 f.;
with _should_, 123, 130;
preposition, 149.
Time, adverbs of, 83;
clauses of, 163 f.;
nominative absolute, 144.
Titles, plural, 38.
_To_, with infinitive, 11, 132 ff.;
standing for infinitive, 133;
expressing purpose, 167;
_to let_, 136;
_to the end that_, 166.
_Too_ ... _to_, 167.
Transition, 152.
Transitive verbs, 48 ff., 92;
used absolutely, 92;
passive use of, 110 ff.
See Object.

_Unless_, 121 ff., 168.
_Unlike_, objective with, 52.
_Until._ See _Till_.
Usage and grammar, xv ff.

Verb, 5 ff.;
inflection and syntax, 91 ff.;
classification, 91 ff.;
inflection, 94 ff., 102 ff.;
person and number, 97 ff.;
agreement with subject, 97, 100 ff.;
voice, 107 ff.;
progressive form, 113 f.;
emphatic form, 114;
mood, 115 ff.;
potential verb-phrases, 124 ff.;
infinitive, 11 f., 132 ff.;
participles, 11 f., 140 ff.;
lists of verbs, 291 ff.
See Predicate, Transitive, Tense, etc.
Verbal noun in _-ing_, 145 ff. See Participial nouns.
Verbal noun-phrases, 146.
Verb-phrases, 5, 16, 91;
to supply inflection, see Future, Complete tenses, Passive,
Progressive, Potential, Subjunctive.
Vocal organs, xi.
Vocabulary of English, 318 f.
Vocative (direct address), nominative, 42;
as independent element, 209.
Voice, 107 ff. See Passive.

_We_, indefinite use, 57;
royal and editorial _we_, 57.
Weak verbs, 95 ff., 98 f.;
participles, 141;
lists, 291 ff.
_We’d_, 130.
_Well_, 81, 87.
_We’ll_, 104.
_Were to_, 172.
_What_, relative, 71;
double construction, 71, 73;
as adjective, 73;
interrogative, 73 f.;
as adjective, 74;
in exclamatory sentences, 74;
interjection, 74.
_Whatever_, _whatsoever_, 72 f.;
in concession, 165;
in conditions, 169.
_Whatso_, 73.
_When_, _whenever_, 86;
in conditions, 169.
_Whence_, 86.
_Where_, _wherever_, 86.
_Whereof_, _wherefrom_, etc., 69.
_Whether_, _whether ... or_, 153, 168, 179.
_Which_, relative, 67 ff.;
gender, 67 ff.;
for _who_, _whom_, 69;
as adjective, 73;
_the which_, 67;
interrogative, 73;
as adjective, 74.
_Whichever_, 72 f.
_While_, noun, adverb, conjunction, 86, 153.
_Whither_, 86.
_Who_, _whose_, _whom_, relative, 66 ff.;
gender, 67 ff.;
interrogative, 73 f., 150.
_Whoever_, _whosoever_, _whoso_, 72 f.;
in concession, 165;
in condition, 169.
_Why_, 86, 179.
_Will_, in orders, 105;
in future, see _Shall_.
Wish, subjunctive in, 119 f., 123;
_may_, 125 f.;
verbs of, with infinitive or infinitive clause, 137 f.;
with object clause, 160, 167;
_O_ in a wish, 155;
_if_, 169.
Words, nature and use of, xi ff.
_Wot_, _wist_, 299.
_Would_, in wishes, 120;
habitual action, 127;
_would better_ (_rather_), 123.
See _Should_.
Written and spoken language, xi ff.

_Ye_, old uses, 57;
abbreviation, 57.
_Yes_, _no_, 85.
_Yet_, _still_, adverbs or conjunctions, 152.
_Yon_, _yond_, _yonder_, 63.
_You_ and _thou_, 56 f.;
indefinite _you_, 57.

Transcriber’s Notes

Variant spelling and hyphenation have been preserved as printed; simple typographical errors have been corrected. Punctuation has been standardised, and unbalanced quotation marks and parentheses have been repaired.

The following changes have also been made:

Page vi, Contents: Person 39 238 changed to Person 39 236

Page 26: Number (_Verb agrees with Subject_) [was printed with a brace spanning _Number_ and _Person_]

Page 98, Personal Endings: [repeated no-ending in each cell instead of replicating the book’s row-spanning braces]

Page 258 [changed word order]: If the verb is active, change it to the passive, and make such other changes as may be necessary. If the verb is active, change it to the passive.

If the verb is active, change it to the passive, and make such other changes as may be necessary. If the verb is passive, change it to the active.

Footnote 66: [The table spanned pages 298 to 299, and the footnote was repeated across the page break; the transcriber omitted duplicate note.]