Chapter IV: The Counter-Reformation (30)

[64] Schaff, “The Oldest Church Manual.” Edin., 1886.
Hitchcock and Brown, “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.”
New York, 1884.
Taylor, “The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles with Illus.
from the Talmud.” Cambr., 1886.
_Expositor_, April and June, 1886, pp. 319 f. and
401 ff.; Nov., 1887, pp. 359-371.

[65] Donaldson, “Hist. of Chr. Lit. from death of App. to Nic.
Council.” 3 vols., Lond., 1864, Vols. ii. and iii.,
“The Apologists.”

[66] The Syriac translation of a treatise of Melito’s given
in Cureton’s “Spicileg. Syr.” Lond., 1853, which gives
itself out as an address delivered before Antoninus
Cæsar, is not identical with his Apology to Antoninus
Pius, of which Eusebius has preserved three fragments,
as these passages are not found in it.

[67] The fragments of Melito’s works are collected by Routh,
“Reliquiæ Sacr.” L., Oxon., 1814.

[68] “Opera.” ed. Otto, 3 vols., Jena, 1876; Engl. transl. in
Ante-Nicene Library, Edin., 1867.
Semisch, “Just. Mart.” 2 vols., Edin., 1843.
Kaye, “Writings and Opin. of Just. Mart.” Lond., 1853.

[69] Salmon, “Introd. to New Test.” On Tatian, pp. 96-104.
Wace on “Zahn’s Tatian’s Diatessaron.” in _Expositor_
for Sept. and Oct., 1882.

[70] Bigg, “The Christian Platonists of Alexandria.” Bampton
Lect. for 1886, Oxf., 1886.
Kingsley, “Alexandria and her Schools.” Camb., 1854.

[71] “Opera.” ed. Harvey, Cantab., 1857; Introd. II.
“Life and Wr. of Irenæus.” Engl. transl. in Ante-Nicene
Lib., 2 vols., Edin., 1868, 1869.
Lightfoot, “Churches of Gaul.” in _Contemp. Review_,
Aug. 1876.
Lipsius, “Irenæus.” in Smith’s “Dict. of Chr. Biog.”
III., pp. 253-279.

[72] Many works ascribed to him have been lost; whatever fragments
of these exist have been collected by Fabricius and Lagarde.
These were:
_Exeget._, a Com. on Daniel;
_Apolog._, Πρὸς Ἰουδαίους;
_Polem._,
against Gnostics and Monarchians,
against the Asiatic Observance of Easter (§ 37, 2);
_Dogmat._,
Περὶ τῆς τοῦ πάντος οὐσίας,
Περὶ τοῦ Ἀντιχρίστου,
Περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως (§ 22, 4),
Περὶ χαρισμάτων;
Hist.-chron.,
Chronicle, and Easter-Canon.
On Philosophoumena:
Döllinger, “Hippolytus and Callistus.” Edin., 1876.

[73] “Opera.” ed. Dindorf, 4 vols., Oxon., 1868.
“Supplementum Clementinum, in Zahn’s Forsch.” Vol. iii.,
Engl. transl. in Ante-Nicene Lib., 2 vols., Edin., 1867.
Bigg, “Chr. Plat. of Alex.” Lectt. II. III., Oxf., 1886.
Kaye, “Clement of Alexandria.” London, 1855.
Reuss, “Hist of Canon.” Edin., 1884, pp. 112-116.

[74] Jerome reckons them at 2,000; Epiphanius at 6,000; these
must include the thousands of separate epistles and
homilies.
Bigg, “Chr. Platonists of Alex.” Lectt. IV.-VI.,
Oxf., 1886.

[75] _Hexaplorum quæ supersunt._ Ed. Field, Oxon., 1871.

[76] Ed. Selwyn, Cantab., 1876; Engl. transl. of C. Celsum
and De Principiis, in Ante-Nicene Library, 2 vols.,
Edin., 1869-1872.

[77] “Gregory Thaumaturgus, Dionysius of Alex. and Archelaus.”
transl. by Prof. Salmond, Edin., 1871.

[78] Neander, “Antignosticus, or the Spirit of Tertull.”
appended to “Hist. of Planting of Chr. Church.”
2 vols., Lond., 1851.
Kaye, “Eccles. Hist. of 2nd and 3rd Cents. illustr. from
Wr. of Tertull.” 2 ed., Camb., 1829.
Tertullian, “Works.” 3 vols., Ante-Nicene Lib.,
Edin., 1869.

[79] “Cyprian’s Treatises and Epistles.” Lib. of Fathers,
2 vols., Oxf., 1839, 1844.
“Writings of Cyprian.” Ante-Nicene Lib., 2 vols.,
Edin., 1868.
Poole, “Life and Times of C.” Oxf., 1840.
Pressensé, “Martyrs and Apologists.” Lond., 1879,
pp. 414-438.

[80] Dillmann, “Pseudepigraph. des A. Ts.” Herzog, xii. 341.
Reuss, “Hist. of the N. T.” Edin., 1884.
Salmon, “Introd. to N. T.” 2nd ed., Lond., 1886.

[81] “Fabricius, Codex pseudepigr. V.T.” Ed. 2., Hamb., 1722.

[82] Drummond, “Jewish Messiah.” Lond., 1877.
Lawrence, “Book of Enoch.” Oxf., 1821.
Schodde, “Bk. of Enoch.” Andover, 1882.
Schurer, “Hist. of Jew. Peo. in Times of J. Chr.”
Div. II., Vol. 3., pp. 59 ff., 73 ff., 93 ff., 134 ff.;
(Enoch, Assumptio, Ezra, Bk. of Jub.).
Bensly, “Missing Fragment of Lat. Transl. of 4th Bk. of
Ezra.” Cambr., 1875.

[83] Sinker, “Test. XII. Patriarchum.” Cambr., 1869;
Appendix, 1879.
Malan, “Book of Adam and Eve.” Lond., 1882.
Hort on Bks. of Adam, in Smith’s “Dict. of Chr. Biog.”
Lond., 1877.

[84] Salmon, “Introd. to N.T.” Lond., 1885; Lect. XII.,
“Apoc. and Her. Gospels.” pp. 226-248.

[85] Nicholson, “The Gosp. acc. to the Hebrews.” Lond., 1879.

[86] Giles, “Cod. Apoc. N. T.” 2 vols., Lond., 1852.
Tischendorf, “Evv. Apocr.” Ed. 2, Lps., 1876.

[87] Wright, “Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles.” Syriac and
English, 2 vols., Lond., 1871.
Malan, “The Conflicts of the Holy Apostles.” Lond., 1871.
Tischendorf, “Acta app. Apocr.” Lps., 1851.

[88] Phillips, “Addai the Apostle.” Syriac and English,
Lond., 1876.

[89] Lightfoot, “Comm. on Phil.” 6th ed., Lond., 1881; “Diss.
on Paul and Seneca.” pp. 270-328; “Letters of Paul
and Seneca.” pp. 329-333.
Lightfoot, “Comm. on Col.” 5 ed., Lond., 1880;
pp. 274-300, “The Epistle from Laodicea.”

[90] Dorner, “Hist. of Dev. of Doctr. of Person of Chr.”
5 vols., Edin., 1862.
Pressensé, “Heresy and Christian Doctrine.” Lond., 1879.

[91] Deut. xviii. 15; Isa. liii. 3; Matt. xii. 32; Luke i. 35;
John viii. 40; Acts ii. 22; 1 Tim. ii. 5.

[92] Tertullian says: _Ita duo negotia diaboli Praxeas Romæ
procuravit, prophetiam expulit et hæresim intulit,
paracletum fugavit et patrem crucifixit._--Ps.-Tertull.:
_Hæresim introduxit, quam Victorinus corroborare
curavit._

[93] Dorner, “Person of Christ.” Vol. ii.

[94] Pressensé, “Life and Practice in the Early Church.”
Lond., 1872.

[95] Hatch, “The Organization of the Early Christian
Churches.” Lond., 1881; “The Growth of Church
Institutions.” Lond., 1887.
Bannerman, “Doctr. of the Church.” 2 vols., Edin., 1858;
espec. vol. i., pp. 277-480.
Lightfoot, “Comm. on Phil.” 6th ed., Lond., 1881:
“Dissertat. on Chr. Ministry.”
Papers in _Expositor_, 1887, on “Origin of Chr. Ministry.”
by Sanday, Harnack and others.

[96] We are not carried further than this by Irenæus, iii. 3.
Similarly, too, Cyprian, _De Unitate Ecclesiæ_, iv.
Tertullian also does not accept the Roman tradition
as of supreme authority, but prefers that of Asia
Minor in regard to the Easter Controversy, and, in the
_De Pudicitia_, he opposes with bitter invective the
penitential discipline of the Roman bishop Zephyrinus or
Callistus. So, too, Cyprian repudiates the Roman practice
in regard to heretics’ baptism (§ 35, 5); and on the same
subject Firmilian of Cæsarea in Cappadocia hesitates not
to write: _Non pudet Stephanum, Cyprianum pseudo-christum
et pseudo-apostolum et dolosum operarium dicere:
qui omnia in se esse conscius prævenit, ut alteri
per mendacium objiceret, quæ ipse ex merito audire
deberet._--Consult:
Blondel, “Traité hist. de la primauté.” Gen., 1641.
Salacious, “De Primatu Papæ.” Lugd. Bat., 1645.
Kenrick, “The Primacy of the Apostolic See Vindicated.”
New York, 1848.
“The Pope and the Council.” by Janus, Lond., 1869.

[97] Wall, “Hist. of Infant Baptism.” with Gale’s Reflections,
and Wall’s Defence, 4 vols., Oxf., 1836.
Wilberforce, “Doctr. of Holy Baptism.” Lond., 1849.

[98] Funk’s assertion that the ἀκροᾶσθαι and the γονυκλίνειν
were not stages in the Catechumenate, but penal ranks
in which offending Catechumens were placed, and that
there was only one order of Catechumens is untenable
for these reasons:

1. Because the penitential institution presupposes a
falling away from the grace of baptism;

2. Because the Canon of Neo-Cæsarea with its
κατηχούμενος ἁμαρτάνων, ἐὰν μὲν γονυκλίνων, ἀκροάσθω,
necessarily implies that γονυκλίνειν is a stage in
the Catechumenate;

3. Because this Canon provides that after the first
penal procedure, not after passing through two
penitential orders, the sinner will be expelled;

4. Finally, because the γονυκλίνειν of the Catechumens,
just like that of the congregation in prayer, is
even in expression something quite different from
the ὑπόπτωσις of the penitents.--Consult:

Pressensé, “Life and Practice in the Early Church.”
Lond., 1879, pp. 5-36, 333.

[99] Pressensé, “Life and Practice in the Early Church.”
pp. 201-216, 263-286.
Lechler, “Apostolic and Post-Apost. Times.” 2 vols.,
Edin., 1886; Vol. ii. 298.
Jacob, “Ecclest. Polity of N. T.” Lond., 1871,
pp. 187-319.

[100] Jacob, “Ecclest. Polit. of N.T.” Lond., 1871, Lect. vii.,
“The Lord’s Supper.”
Waterland, “Review of the Doctrine of the Eucharist.”
Lond., 1737.

[101] See, _De Doctr. Christiana._ II. ii. 15.--“Old Latin
Biblical Texts.” Edited by John Wordsworth, Bp. of
Salisbury, Oxford, 1885, etc.

[102] Lechler, “Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Times.”
Edin., 1886, Vol. ii., pp. 301-310.

[103] Bosio, “Roma Sotteranea.” Rom., 1632.
De Rossi, “Roma sott. crist.” 3 vols., Rome, 1864-1877.
Northcote and Brownlow, “Roma Sotteranea.” Lond., 1869.
Withrow, “The Catacombs of Rome.” Lond., 1876.

[104] Marriott, “Testimony of the Catacombs.” Lond., 1877.

[105] Zöckler, “The Cross of Christ.” Lond., 1877.
Allen, “Early Christian Symbolism.” Lond., 1887.
Didson, “Chr. Iconography.” 2 vols., Lond., 1886.

[106] Schmidt, “The Social Results of Early Christianity.”
Lond., 1886.
Brace, “Gesta Christi.” Lond., 1883.
Uhlhorn, “Chr. Charity in the Ancient Church.”
Edin., 1883.
Pressensé, “Life and Practice in Early Church.”
Lond., 1879, pp. 345-477.
Ryan, “Hist. of the Effects of Relig. upon Mankind.”
Dublin, 1820.

[107] Morinus, “De discipl. in administr. s. pœnitentiæ.”
Par., 1651.
Marshall, “Penitential Discipline of the Prim. Church for
the First Four Centuries.” Lond., 1844 (1st ed., 1718).
Tertullian, “De Pœnitentia.” See Transl. in Library of
Fathers, Tertullian, vol. i., “Apologetic and Practical
Treatises.” Oxf., 1843; XI. Of Repentance, with long
and valuable notes by Dr. Pusey, pp. 349-408.

[108] J. de Soyres, “Montanism and the Primitive Church.”
Cambr., 1878.
Cunningham, “The Churches of Asia.” Lond., 1880,
p. 159 ff.

[109] Bunsen, “Hippolytus and his Age.” Lond., 1854.
Wordsworth, “St. Hippolytus and the Church of Rome.”
Lond., 1852.
Döllinger, “Hippolytus and Callistus.” Edin., 1876
(orig. publ. 1853).

[110] “Library of Fathers.” Oxf., 1843, Cyprian’s Treatises:
v.“On Unity of the Church.” vi. “On the Lapsed.” with
prefaces.
Also, “Epp. of S. Cyprian.” (1844) xli.-xlv., lii.
and lix.

[111] “Library of Fathers.” Oxf., 1844; “Epp. of S. Cyprian.”
Ep. lii., also Ep. lv.

[112] Merivale, “Conversion of the Roman Empire.” Lond., 1864.
Milman, “Hist. of Christianity to Abol. of Pag. in Rom.
Emp.” 3 vols., Lond.
Lecky, “Hist. of Eur. Morals.” Vol. ii., “From Constantine
to Charlemagne.”

[113] Döllinger, “Fables respecting the Popes of the Middle
Ages.” Lond., 1871.

[114] Original source is Eusebius, “Life of Constantine.”
Trans. Lond., 1842.
See interesting lect. on Constantine in Stanley’s “Hist.
of Eastern Church.” Lond., 1861.
Madden, “Christian Emblems on Coins of Constantine I.”
Lond., 1878.

[115] Neander, “The Emperor Julian and his Generation.”
Lond., 1850.
G. H. Rendall, “The Emperor Julian.” Lond., 1879.
Newman, “Miracles in Eccl. Hist.” Oxf., 1842.
Bp. Wordsworth, “Julian.” in Smith’s Dict. of Biog.,
vol. iii., pp. 484-523.

[116] On this whole period consult: Histories of Theodoret,
Sozomen, Socrates, and Evagrius (containing much
fabulous matter, but useful as contemporary records
extending down to A.D. 594). Transl. in 4 vols.,
Lond., 1812-1846.
For Theodosius I. see Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.”
vol. ii., p. 341 ff., Edin., 1876.

[117] A careful reconstruction of the whole as far as
possible has been attempted by Neumann (Leipz., 1880),
accompanied by prolegomena and a German translation.

[118] Hefele, “Hist. of Church Councils.” Edin., 1872, Vol. i.,
pp. 1-48.
Pusey, “Councils of Ch. from A.D. 51 to A.D. 381: their
constit., obj., and history.” Oxf., 1857.

[119] Its original form is probably preserved in a Syriac
translation; see Bunsen’s “Analecta Antenicæna.”
ii. 45-338, Lond., 1854.

[120] First published in the Greek original by Bickell under
the title, inapplicable to the first part: Αἱ διαταγαὶ
αἱ διὰ Κλήμεντος καὶ κανόνες ἐκκλησιαστικοὶ τῶν ἁγίων
ἀποστόλων.

[121] Maitland, “The Dark Ages.” Lond., 1844.
Ozanam, “Hist. of Civilization in 5th Cent.” Transl.
by Glyn, 2 vols.
Montalembert, “Monks of the West, from Benedict to
Bernard.” 7 vols., Edin., 1861 ff.

[122] Stephens, “Chrysostom: his Life and Times.” 3rd ed.,
London, 1883, pp. 59 ff., 294 ff.

[123] Hatch, “Organization of the Early Christian Churches.”
London, 1881, pp. 124-139.
Hatch, “Ordination.” in Smith’s “Dict. of Bibl. Antiq.”
Vol. ii.

[124] Hatch, “Organization of Chr. Ch.” p. 161.
Bede, “Eccles. Hist.” iv. 1.

[125] Dale, “Synod of Elvira, and Christ. Life in the 4th cent.”
London, 1882.
Lea, “Hist. of Sacerdotal Celibacy.” Philad., 1867.
Lecky, “Hist. of Europ. Morals.” London, 1877, Vol. ii.,
pp. 328 ff.
Hefele, “Hist. of Christ. Councils.” Edin., 1872, Vol. i.,
pp. 150, 380, 435.

[126] Neale, “Hist. of the Holy Eastern Church.” 5 vols.,
London, 1847-1873.
Stanley, “Lect. on the Eastern Church.” London, 1861.

[127] Greenwood, “Cathedra Petri: Pol. Hist. of Great Latin
Patriarchate from 1st to 16th cent.” 6 vols., London,
1856 ff.

[128] Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” Vol. ii., Edin., 1876,
pp. 231 ff., 483 ff.

[129] Comp. Döllinger, “Fables Respecting the Popes of the
Middle Ages.” Lond., 1871.

[130] Milman, “Latin Christianity.” Vol. i.

[131] Bright, “Hist. of Church from A.D. 313-451.” 2 ed.,
Cambr., 1869.
Milman, “Latin Christianity.” Vol. i.

[132] Kellett, “Pope Gregory the Great and his Relations with
Gaul.” (Cambridge Essays, No. ii.), Cambridge, 1889.

[133] Engl. Transl.:
“Eccles. Hist. with Life of Euseb. by Valesius.”
Lond., 1843.
“Theophania, or Div. Manifest. of the Lord.” from Syr.
by Dr. Sam. Lee, Lond., 1843.
“Life of Constantine.” Lond., 1844.
“Life of Eusebius.” by Bright, prefixed to Oxf. ed.
of Eccl. Hist. of 1872.

[134] “Festal Epp. of Athanasius.” (transl. from Syriac
discovered in 1842 by Tattam, and first edited by
Cureton in 1848), Oxf., 1854.

[135] “Treatises against Arians.” 2 vols., Oxf., 1842 (new ed.,
1 vol., 1877).
“Historical Tracts.” Oxf., 1843; “Select Tracts,” with
Newman’s Notes, 2 vols., Lond., 1881.

[136] Newman’s, “Hist. Sketches.” Vol. ii., chap. v; Sketches
of Basil, Gregory, etc. Originally publ. under title
“Church of the Fathers.” Lond., 1842.

[137] Ullmann, “Gregory Nazianzen.” Oxford, 1855; and Newman
“Church of the Fathers.”

[138] Cyril’s Comm. on Luke is transl. from the Syriac by
Dr. Payne Smith, Oxf., 1859.

[139] A very full and admirable account of Synesius and his
writings is given by Rev. T. R. Halcomb in Smith’s
“Dict. of Chr. Biog.” Vol. iii., pp. 756-780.

[140] Neander, “Life of Chrysostom.” Lond., 1845.
Stephens, “Life of Chrysostom.” 3rd ed., Lond., 1883.
Chase, “Chrysostom: a Study.” Cambr., 1887.
His Homilies and Addresses are transl. in 15 vols. in
the “Lib. of the Fathers.” Oxf., 1839-1851.
Various Eng. translations of the tract “On the
Priesthood.”

[141] Newman’s “Historical Sketches.” Vol. ii., chap. i.,
“Theodoret.”

[142] Translated by Dean Church in “Lib. of the Fathers.”
Oxf., 1838; with interesting and instructive Preface
by Newman.

[143] Ueberweg, “Hist. of Philosophy.” Lond., 1872, Vol. i.,
pp. 349-352.
Colet, “On the Hierarchies of Dionysius.” ed. by
Lupton, Lond., 1869.
Wescott, “Dionysius the Areopagite.” in _Contemp.
Review_ for May, 1867.

[144] Etheridge, “The Syrian Churches: their Early Hist.,
Liturg. and Lit.” Lond., 1846.

[145] Morris, “Select Writings of Ephraim the Syrian.”
Oxford, 1817.
Burgess, “Repentance of Nineveh, Metrical Homily by
Ephraem.” Lond., 1853.
“Select Metrical Hymns and Homilies of Eph. Syr.”
Lond., 1853.

[146] Newman, “Church of the Fathers.” 2nd ed., London, 1842.
Reprinted in Hist. Sketches, vol. ii.
Gilly, “Vigilantius and his Times.” London, 1844.

[147] “Lib. of Fathers.” in vol. of Cyprian’s Epps., Oxf., 1844,
pp. 318-384. For phrase quoted, see p. 322.

[148] A good account of the writings of Jerome is given by the
late Prof. William Ramsay in Smith’s “Dict. of Grk. and
Rom. Biogr.” Vol. ii., p. 460.
Milman, “Hist. of Chr.” Vol. iii., ch. xi.
Cutts, “St. Jerome.” Lond., 1877.
Gilly, “Vigilantius and his Times.” Lond., 1844.

[149] Gilly, “Vigilantius and his Times.” London, 1844.

[150] Newman’s “Arians of the 4th Century.” London, 1838.
Gwatkin, “Studies of Arianism.” Camb., 1882.
Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” Vols. i. ii., Edin.,
1872, 1876.
Newman’s “Tracts Theolog. and Eccles.” Chap. ii.; Doctrinal
Causes of Arianism.
“Select Treatises of Athanasius.” Ed. by Newman, 2 vols.,
London, 1881, Vol. 2 containing notes on Arius,
Athanasius, etc.

[151] Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” I., pp. 231-447.
Kaye, “Hist. of Council of Nicæa.” London, 1853.
Tillemont, “Hist. of Arians and Council of Nice.”
London, 1721.

[152] Newman’s “Select Treat. of Athanasius.” Vol. ii., p. 196 f.
Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” Vol. ii., Edin., 1876, p. 193.

[153] Newman’s “Select Treat. of Athanasius.” Vol. ii., p. 282 ff.
Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” ii., p. 217.

[154] Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” ii., pp. 340-373.
Hort, “Two Dissertations.” ii., On the Constantinople Creed
and other Eastern Creeds of the 4th cent., Camb., 1874.

[155] Swete, “The Hist. of the Doctr. of the Procession of the
Holy Spirit from Apost. Age to Death of Charlemagne.”
Cambr., 1876.
Pusey, “On the clause ‘And the Son.’” Oxf., 1876.

[156] Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” ii., p. 348 ff., § 97, The
Tome and the Creed.

[157] Stephens, “Chrysostom.” pp. 287-305.
Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” ii., p. 430 ff.

[158] The most useful and complete account of Chrysostom is
that of Stephens. Consult also Milman, “Hist. of Chr.”
Vol. iii., pp. 206 ff.

[159] Dorner, “Hist. of the Development of the Doctr. of the
Person of Christ.” 5 vols., Edin., 1861.

[160] Newman, “Tracts Theological and Ecclesiastical.”
Chap. iii., Apollinarianism.

[161] Hefele, “Hist. of Councils.” Vol. iii., pp. 1-156.

[162] Most informing about all these transactions is Hefele, “Hist.
of Councils.” iii., Edin., 1883; (Robber Synod, p. 241 ff.;
Chalcedon, p. 451 ff.).
Perry, “Second Council of Ephesus.” London, 1877.
Bright, “Hist. of Church from A.D. 313-451.” Cambr., 1869.

[163] Butler, “Ancient Coptic Churches.” 2 vols., London, 1884.

[164] Döllinger, “Fables respecting the Popes of the Middle
Ages.” Lond., 1871.
Willis, “Pope Honorius and the New Roman Dogma.” Lond., 1879.
Bottalla, “Pope Honorius before the Tribunal of Reason and
History.” London, 1868.

[165] Wiggers, “Augustinianism and Pelagianism.” Andover, 1840.
Müller, “Chr. Doctrine of Sin.” 2 vols., Edin., 1868.
Ritschl, “Hist. of Chr. Doctr. of Justific. and
Reconciliation.” Edin., 1872.

[166] Laidlaw, “The Bible Doctrine of Man.” Edin., 1879.
Heard, “Tripartite Nat. of Man.” 3rd ed., Edin., 1870,
pp. 189-200.
Delitzsch, “Biblical Psychology.” 2nd ed., Edin., 1869,
pp. 128-142.
Beck, “Outlines of Biblical Psychology.” Edin., 1877, p. 10.

[167] For an entirely different representation of the Augustinian
system see Cunningham, “S. Austin and his Place in Hist.
of Chr. Thought.” Lond., 1886; esp. chaps. ii. and iii.,
pp. 45-107.
A good outline and defence in Hodge’s “System. Theol.”
Edin., 1874, Vol. ii., pp. 333-353.
Mosheim, “Eccl. Hist.” ed. by Dr. J. S. Reid, Lond., 1880,
p. 210, notes 3 and 4; (pt. II., chap. v., § 25.)
Mozley, “Augustinian Doctrine of Predestination.”
Lond., 1855.

[168] Hodge, “Systematic Theology.” Vol. ii., pp. 166-168.

[169] Lardner, “Credibility of the Gospel Hist.” Vol. iv.,
London, 1743.

[170] Butcher, “The Ecclesiastical Calendar.” London.
Hampson, “Medii Ævi Kalend.”

[171] Gieseler, “Ecclesiastical History.” Edinburgh, 1848,
Vol. ii., pp. 141-145.

[172] Tyler, “Image Worship of Ch. of Rome contrary to Scripture
and the Prim. Ch.” London, 1847.

[173] Tyler, “Worship of Virgin Mary contrary to Script. and
Faith of Ch. of first 5 Cents.” London, 1851.
Clagett, “Prerogatives of Anna the Mother of God.”
London, 1688. Also by same: “Discourse on Worship of
Virgin and Saints.” London, 1686.

[174] Cosin, “Scholastic History of Popish Transubstantiation.”
Lond., 1676.

[175] Reuss, “History of the N.T. Scriptures.” Edin., 1884,
§ 377.
Keil, “Introduction to the O.T.” Edin., 1870, Vol. ii.,
pp. 201-203.

[176] Swainson, “The Nicene and Apostles’ Creeds.” Camb., 1875.
Westcott, “The Historic Faith.” Lond., 1883, note iii.,
the Creeds.
Harvey, “Hist. and Theology of the three Creeds.”
Camb., 1854.
Hort, Two Dissertations: II. “The Constantinopolitan Creed
and the Eastern Creeds of 4th cent.” Camb., 1876.
Schaff, “Creeds of Christendom.” Edin., 1877, vol. i.
Lumby, “History of the Creeds.” Camb., 1873.
Waterland, “Crit. Hist. of Athanasian Creed.” Camb., 1724.
Heurtley, “The Athanasian Creed.” Oxf., 1872.
Ommaney, “Ath. Creed: an Exam. of Recent Theories
respecting its Date and Origin.” Lond., 1875.

[177] Neale, “Hymns of the Eastern Church.” Lond., 1863.
“Mediæval Hymns and Sequences.” Lond., 1863.
Gieseler, “Ecclesiastical History.” Vol. iii., p. 353.

[178] Hawkins, “History of Music.” Lond., 1853.

[179] Hammond, “Ancient Liturgies.” Oxf., 1878.
Neale and Littledale, “Translations of Primitive Liturgies.”
Lond., 1869.
Neale, “Essays on Liturgiology.” Lond., 1867.

[180] Marriott, “Vestiarium Christianum: Origin and gradual
development of Dress of Holy Ministry of Church.”
Lond., 1868.

[181] Woltmann and Woermann, “History of Painting.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1886; vol. i., “Anc., Early Chr. and Mediæval
Painting.” ed. by Prof. Sidney Colvin.
“Handbook of Painting: Italian Schools. Based on Kügler’s
Handbook.” by Eastlake; new ed. by Layard, 2 vols.,
Lond., 1886.

[182] Ozanam, “Hist. of Civilization during the 5th Century.”
2 vols.
Lecky, “Hist. of European Morals.” Vol. ii.

[183] Smith’s “Dictionary of Christian Biography.” vol. iii.,
p. 367.

[184] Gilly, “Vigilantius and his Times.” Lond., 1840.

[185] Gieseler, “Eccl. Hist.” ii. 148.

[186] Ludolphus, “History of Ethiopia.” London, 1684.

[187] Malan, “Gregory the Illuminator: his Life and Times.”
London, 1868.
Article by Lipsius on Eznik in Smith’s “Dictionary of Chr.
Biography.” Vol. ii., p. 439.

[188] Muir, “Life of Mohammed and Hist. of Islam.” 4 vols., Lond.
Bosworth Smith, “Mohammed and Mohammedanism.” Lond., 1874.
Mühleisen-Arnold, “Islam, its Hist., Chr. and Rel. to
Christianity.” 3rd ed., Lond., 1874.
Deutsch, “Literary Remains: Islam.” Lond., 1874.
Stephens, “Christianity and Islam.” Lond., 1877.
Mills, “Hist. of Mohammedanism.” Lond., 1817.

[189] Muir, “Annals of the Earlier Khalifate.”

[190] Finlay, “Hist. of Greece from Rom. Conquest.” 7 vols.,
Lond., 1864, new ed., 1877; vols. ii. and iii.
Bower’s “Lives of Popes.” Vols. iii. and iv., Lond., 1754.
Comber, “Disc. on 2nd Council of Nicæa.” Reprinted in
Gibson’s “Preserv. from Popery.” Lond., 1848.
Didron, “Christian Iconography.” 2 vols., Lond., 1886.

[191] Mendham, “The Seventh General Council, the Second of
Nicæa.” in which the worship of images was established.

[192] Allatius, “De eccl. occid. et orient. perpetua
consensione.” Colon., 1669.
Swete, “Hist. of the Procession of the Holy Spirit.”
Camb., 1876.
Ffoulkes, “Christendom’s Divisions.” London.
Neale, “Holy Eastern Church.” 5 vols., London, 1847.

[193] Popoff, “Hist. of Council of Florence.” Transl. from
Russian by Neale, London, 1861.

[194] Lupton, “St. John of Damascus.” London, 1882.

[195] Badger, “The Nestorians and their Rituals.” 2 vols.,
London, 1852.

[196] Baring-Gould, “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages.”
Lond., 1881.

[197] Murawieff, “Hist. of the Church of Russia.” Trans. from
the Russ., Lond., 1842.
Romanoff, “Sketches of the Rites and Customs of the
Græco-Russian Church.” Lond., 1869.

[198] Potthast, “Biblioth. Hist. Modii Ævi.” Berol., 1862, with
suppl. in 1868.
D’Achery, “Vett. Script. Spicilegium.” (1655), 3 vols.,
Par., 1783.
Eccard, “Corpus Hist. Medii Ævi.” 2 vols., Lps., 1723.
Du Chesne, “Hist. Francorum Serr.” 5 vols., Par., 1636.
Parker, “Rer. Brit. Serr. Vetust.” Lugd. B., 1587.
Gale, “Hist. Brit., Saxon., Anglo-Dan. Scrr.” 2 vols.,
Oxf., 1691.
Wharton, “Anglia Sacra.” 2 vols., Lond., 1691.
Wilkins, “Conc. Brit. et Hib.” 4 vols., Lond., 1737.
Haddan and Stubbs, “Councils and Eccles. Documents.”
(Revision of Wilkins), Lond., 1879 ff.
Maitland, “The Dark Ages: Essays on the State of Relig. and
Lit. in 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries.” Lond., 1844.

[199] Bryce, “The Holy Roman Empire.” Lond., 1866.
Ranke, “History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations.”
Lond., 1886.

[200] Ebrard, “Christian Apologetics.” 3 vols., Edin., 1886-1887,
Vol. ii., p. 407; “The Religion of the Germans and that
of the Slavs.”

[201] Mallet, “Northern Antiquities.” London, 1848.
Hallam, “Europe during the Middle Ages.”
Guizot, “Hist. of Civiliz. in Europe.”

[202] Hodgkin, “Italy and her Invaders: A.D. 376-476.” 2 vols.,
London, 1880.

[203] Scott, “Ulfilas, the Apostle of the Goths.” Cambr., 1885.
Douse, “Introduction to the Gothic of Ulfilas.” London, 1886.
Bosworth’s “Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Gospels.” Oxf., 1874.

[204] Gibbon, “Decline and Fall of Roman Empire.” Chaps. xxxiii.,
xxxvi., xxxvii.

[205] Freeman, “Historical Essays.” 3rd series, Lond.; “The Goths
at Ravenna.”

[206] Ussher, “Brit. Eccl. Antiqu.” Lond., 1639.
Perry, “Hist. of English Church.” i., Lond., 1882.
Lanigan, “Eccl. Hist. of Ireland.” 4 vols., 2nd ed.,
Dublin, 1829.
Stokes, “Ireland and the Celtic Ch.” Lond., 1886.
Lingard, “Hist. and Antiqu. of Anglo-Sax. Ch.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1845.
Maclauchlan, “Early Scottish Church.” Edinb., 1865.
Reeves, “The Culdees of the British Islands.” Dublin, 1864.
Skene, “Celtic Scotland.” 3 vols., Edin., 1876; 2 ed., 1886.
Bright, “Chapters of Early Eng. Ch. Hist.” Oxf., 1878.
Pryce, “Ancient British Church.” Lond., 1886.

[207] Todd, “Life of St. Patrick.” Dublin, 1864.
Cusack, “Life of St. Patrick.” Lond., 1871.
O’Curry, “Lects. on Anc. Irish History.” Dublin, 1861.
Writings of St. Patrick. Transl. and ed. by Stokes and
Wright, Lond., 1887.

[208] Maclauchlan, “Early Scottish Church.” Pp. 145-205.
Adamnan, “Life of Columba.” Ed. by Dr. Reeves, Dublin, 1857.
Smith, “Life of Columba.” Edin., 1798.
Forbes, “Lives of Ninian, Columba, Kentigern.” in series of
Historians of Scotland.

[209] Ussher, “Discourse of the Religion anciently Professed by
the Irish and British.” Lond., 1631.
Maclauchlan, “Early Scottish Church.” Pp. 239-250.
Warren, “Ritual and Liturgy of the Celtic Church.”
Oxf., 1881.

[210] Soames, “The Anglo-Saxon Church.” 4th ed., Lond., 1856.
Stanley, “Historical Memorials of Canterbury.” Lond., 1855.
Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. i.
Sharon Turner, “Hist. of Anglo-Saxons to the Roman
Conquest.” 6 ed., 3 vols., Lond., 1836.

[211] Lappenburg, “Anglo-Saxon Kings.” Lond., 1845.
Bede, “Eccles. History.” Book III.
Maclauchlan, “Early Scottish Church.” Pp. 217-238.

[212] Gildas († A.D. 570), “De excidio Britanniæ.” Engl. transl.
by Giles, London, 1841.
Bede († A.D. 735), “Eccles. Hist. of Engl.” Transl. by
Giles, London, 1840.

[213] Lanigan, “Eccl. Hist. of Ireland.” iii., ch. 13.
Innes, “Ancient Inhab. of Scotland.” in the Series of
Historians of Scotland.

[214] Maclauchlan, “Early Scottish Church.” p. 435.
Reeves, “The Culdees of the British Islands.” Dublin, 1864.
Robertson, “Scotland under her Early Kings.” Edin.,
2 vols., 1862.

[215] Merivale, “Conversion of the Northern Nations.”
London, 1866.
Maclear, “Apostles of Mediæval Europe.”

[216] That he first received the Latin name after his consecration
as bishop in A.D. 723 is rendered more than doubtful by
the fact that it is found in letters of earlier date. It
is probably only a Latinizing of the Anglo-Saxon Winfrid
or Wynfrith (from Vyn=fortune, luck, health; frid or
frith=peace; therefore: peaceful, wholesome fortune)
into the name, widely spread in Christian antiquity, of
_Bonifatius_ (from _bonumfatum_, Greek: Eutyches, good
luck). But the transposition into the form Bonifacius
which might seem the equivalent of the Anglo-Saxon word
“Benefactor” of the German people, is first met with,
although even then only occasionally, in the 8th century,
but afterwards always more and more frequently, and then
is given to the popes and other earlier bearers of the name.
By the 15th century the original and etymological style of
writing the name and that used in early documents had been
completely discarded and forgotten, till modern philology,
diplomatics and epigraphies have again clearly vindicated
the earlier form.

[217] Wright, “Biog. Britannica Literaria.” Lond., 1842.
Cox, “Life of Boniface.” Lond., 1853.
Hope, “Boniface.” London, 1872.
Maclear, “Apostles of Mediæval Europe.”

[218] Trench, “Lectures on Mediæval Church History.” Lond., 1877.
Hardwick, “History of Christian Church during Middle Ages.”

[219] Mosheim, “Eccl. Hist.” Ed. by Reid, London, 1880, p. 285,
Cent. viii., pt. ii., ch. 5.
Wright, “Biographia Brit. Literaria.” London, 1842.

[220] Milman, “Hist. of Latin Christianity.” Vol. ii., Trench’s
“Lectures on Mediæval Church History.”

[221] “William of Malmesbury’s Chronicle of Kings of England.”
Bk. I., ch. 4.

[222] Freeman, “Historical Essays.” 2nd series: “The Southern
Slavs.”

[223] Adam of Bremen, “Gesta Hammaburgensia.” A.D. 788-1072.
Pontoppidan, “Annales Eccles. Danicæ.” Copenhag., 1741.
Merivale, “Conversion of the Northern Nations.”
London, 1865.

[224] Geijer, “History of the Swedes.” Transl. by Turner,
Lond., 1847.

[225] Muir, “Annals of Early Khalifate.”
Ockley, “Hist. of Saracens and their Conquests in Syria,
Persia and Egypt.”

[226] Condé, “History of Dominion of Arabs in Spain.” 3 vols.
Freeman, “Hist. and Conquests of the Saracens.” 2nd ed.,
Lond., 1876.
Abd-el-Hakem, “History of the Conquest of Spain.” Tr. from
Arabic by Jones, Gött., 1858.

[227] Kingsley, “Roman and Teuton.” Lectures in Univ. of Cambr.:
“The Popes and the Lombards.”

[228] Crakenthorp, “The Defence of Constantine, with a Treatise
on the Pope’s Temporal Monarchy.” Lond., 1621.

[229] Platina, “Lives of Popes.” Under John VII.
Bower, “Lives of Popes.” Vol. iv.
Blondel, “Joanna Papissa.” Amst., 1657.
Hase, “Church History.” New York, 1855, p. 186.

[230] Cunningham, “Discussions on Church Principles.”
Edin., 1863, pp. 101-163; “Temporal Supremacy of the Pope
and Gallican Liberties.”
Barrow, “Pope’s Supremacy.” London, 1683.

[231] Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” ch. viii., National
Churches, pp. 139-154.

[232] Hefele, “History of Councils.” iii. 69, 131, 149.
Field, “Of the Church.” Reprint by Eccl. Hist. Society,
5 vols., London, 1847; vol. iii., pp. 7, 245 ff.
Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” ch. vii., The
Metropolitan, pp. 128-135.

[233] Lea, “Studies in Church History.” Philad., 1869.
Lecky, “History of European Morals.” 3rd ed., 2 vols.,
London, 1877.

[234] Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” London, 1887,
p. 43.

[235] Marriott, “Vestiarium Christianum.” P. 187 ff.,
London, 1868.

[236] Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” Ch. v., The Parish,
pp. 89-97.

[237] Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” Ch. ix., The
Canonical Rule, pp. 157-172; Ch. x., The Cathedral
Chapter, pp. 175-190.

[238] Hatch, “Growth of Ch. Instit.” Ch. xi., The Chapter of the
Diocese, pp. 193-208.
Stubbs, “Constit. Hist. of England.” Vol. iii.

[239] Walcott, “Cathedralia.”
_Ibid._, “Sacred Archæology.”
Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” Ch. iii., Fixed
Tenure of Parish Priest; Ch. iv., The Benefice.

[240] Lecky, “Hist. of Europ. Morals.” ii., 183-248.
Montalembert, “Monks of West from Benedict to Bernard.”
7 vols., Edin., 1861 ff.

[241] Hatch, “Growth of Church Institutions.” Ch. vi., Tithes and
their Distribution, pp. 101-117.

[242] Roth, however, regards this _divisio_ as putting a complete
stop to the secularization of church property.

[243] Hatch, “Growth of Ch. Institutions.” Ch. iv., The Benefice,
pp. 61-77.
Art. “Benefice.” in Smith’s “Dict. of Chr. Antiquities.”

[244] Ayliffe, “Parergon Juris Canonici.” Lond., 1726.
Guizot, “Hist. of Civilization.” Transl. by Hazlitt,
Lond., 1846.
Walcott, “Sacred Archæology.”

[245] Blondel, “Pseudo-Isid. et Turrianus vapulantes.”
Genev., 1628.

[246] Hopkins, “The Organ, its hist. and construct.” Lond., 1855.

[247] Guest, “History of English Rhythms.” Vol. ii.,
London, 1838.
Wright, “Biogr. Brit. Lit. Anglo-Saxon Period.”
London, 1842.
Thorpe, “Cædmon’s Paraphrase in Anglo-Saxon with Engl.
Transl.” London, 1832.
Conybeare, “Illustr. of Anglo-Saxon Poetry.” London, 1827.

[248] Evans, “Treatise on Chr. Doct. of Marriage.” New
York, 1870.
Hammond, “On Divorces.” In his Works, vol. i.,
London, 1674.
Cosin, “Argument on the Dissolution of Marriage.” Works,
vol. iv., Oxf., 1854.
Tertullian, Treatise in “Lib. of Fath.” Oxf., 1854, with
two Essays by Pusey, “On Second Marriages of the Clergy.”
and “On Early Views as to Marriage after Divorce.”

[249] Babington, “Influence of Chr. in promoting the Abolition
of Slavery in Europe.” London, 1864.
Edwards, “Inquiry into the State of Slavery in the Early
and Middle Ages of the Christian Era.” Edin., 1836.

[250] Smith’s “Dict. of Chr. Antiq.” Vol. i., pp. 785-792; Arts.:
“Hospitality, Hospitals, Hospitium.”

[251] Haddan and Stubbs, “Councils and Eccl. Documents.”
Vol. iii., Oxf., 1871.

[252] Barington, “Lit. Hist. of the Middle Ages.” Lond., 1846.
Hallam, “Europe in Middle Ages.” 2 vols., Lond., 1818.
Trench, “Lect. on Med. Ch. Hist.” Lond., 1877.

[253] Lorentz, “Life of Alcuin.” Transl. by Slee, Lond., 1837.

[254] Kingsley, “Roman and Teuton: Paulus Diaconus.”

[255] Hampden, “The Scholastic Philosophy in its rel. to Chr.
Theology.” Oxf., 1833.
Ueberweg, “Hist. of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 358-365.

[256] Mullinger, “Schools of Charles the Great and Restoration
of Education in the 9th cent.” Cambr., 1877.

[257] Cassiodorus’ work in 12 bks., _De rebus gestes Gotorum_,
has indeed been lost, but about A.D. 550 Jornandes, who
also used other documents, embodied this work in his
_De Getarum orig. et reb. gestis_.

[258] Gildas wrote about A.D. 560 his: _Liber querulis de
excidio Britanniæ_ (Eng. transl. in “Six Old English
Chronicles.” London, Bohn).

[259] Nennius wrote about A.D. 850 his: _Eulogium Britanniæ s.
Hist. Britonum_ (Engl. transl. in “Six Old Engl. Chron.”).

[260] Collected Ed. of Alfred’s works, by Bosworth, 2 vols.,
Lond., 1858.
Fox, “Whole Wks. of Alfred the Great, with Essays on Hist.,
Arts and Manners of 9th cent.” 3 vols., Oxf., 1852.
Spelman, “Life of Alfred the Great.” Oxf., 1709.
Pauli, “Life of Alfred the Gt.” transl. with Alfred’s
Orosius, Lond., 1853.
Hughes, “Alfred the Great.”
Giles, “Life and Times of King Alfred the Great.”
Lond., 1848.

[261] Robertson, “Hist. of Chr. Church.” Vol. ii., London, 1856;
pp. 154 ff.
Dorner, “Hist. Development of Person of Chr.” Div. II.,
vol. i.

[262] Ussher, “Gotteschalci et controv. ab eo motæ hist.”
Dubl., 1631.

[263] Principal authorities for last two sections:
Adam of Bremen, “Gesta Hamburg eccl. Pontificum.” and
Saxo Grammaticus, “Hist. Danica.”

[264] Snorro Sturleson’s, “Heimskringla, or Chronicle of the
Kings of Norway.” Transl. from the Icelandic by Laing,
3 vols., London, 1844.

[265] Cosmas of Prague [† A.D. 1125], “Chronicon Prag.”

[266] “The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian.” Edited with
Commentary by Col. Yule, 2 vols., London, 1871.

[267] Michaud, “History of the Crusades.” Transl. by Robson,
3 vols., London, 1852.
Mill, “History of the Crusades.” 2 vols., London, 1820.
“Chronicles of the Crusades: Contemporary Narratives of
Richard Cœur de Lion, by Richard of Devizes and Geoffrey
de Vinsauf, and of the Crusade of St. Louis, by Lord
John de Joinville.” London (Bohn).
Gibbon, “History of Crusades.” London, 1869.

[268] _Pulleni dicuntur, vel quia recentes et novi, quasi pulli
respectu Surianorum reputati sunt, vel quia principaliter
de gente Apuliæ matres habuerunt. Cum enim paucas mulieres
adduxissent nostri, qui in terras remanserunt, de regno
Apuliæ, eo quod propius esset aliis regionibus, vocantes
mulieres, cum eis matrimonia contraxerunt._

[269] Stubbs, “Chronicle and Memorials of Richard I.”
London, 1864.

[270] Prescott, “History of Ferdinand and Isabella.” Good edition
by Kirk, in 1 vol., London, 1886.
Geddes, “History of Expulsion of Moriscoes.” In “Miscell.
Tracts.” Vol. i., London, 1714.
McCrie, “Hist. of Prop. and Suppr. of Reformation in Spain.”
London, 1829.
Ranke, “History of Reformation.” Transl. by Mrs. Austin,
vol. iii., London, 1847.

[271] Milman, “History of the Jews.” Book xxiv. 1, “The Feudal
System.”

[272] “De sua conversione.” In Carpzov’s edit. of the “Pugio
Fidei” of Raimund Martini, § 103, 9.

[273] Milman, “History of the Jews.” 3 vols., London, 1863;
bks. xxiv., xxvi.
Prescott, “Ferdinand and Isabella.” Pt. I., ch. xvii.

[274] Bryce, “The Holy Roman Empire.” London, 1866.
O’Donoghue, “History of Church and Court of Rome, from
Constantine to Present Time.” 2 vols., London, 1846.
Bower’s “History of the Popes.” Vol. v.

[275] For Lanfranc, see Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of
Canterbury.” Vol. ii., London, 1861.

[276] Bowden, “Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII.” 2 vols.,
London, 1840.
Villemain, “Life of Gregory VII.” Transl. by Brockley,
2 vols., London, 1874.
Stephen, “Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography.” 2 vols.,
London, 1850.
Hallam, “Middle Ages.” Vol. i., London, 1840.
Milman, “Latin Christianity.” Vol. iii., London, 1854.

[277] Church, “St. Anselm.” London, 1870.
Rule, “Life and Times of St. Anselm.” 2 vols., London, 1883.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Canterbury.” Vol. ii., London,
1879, pp. 169-276.

[278] “Vita et Epistolæ Thomæ Cantuari.” Edited by Giles, 4 vols.,
London, 1846.
Morris, “Life and Martyrdom of Thomas à Becket.”
London, 1859.
Robertson, “Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.”
London, 1859.
“Materials for Life of Thomas à Becket.” 2 vols.,
London, 1875.
Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. ii.,
London, 1879, pp. 354-507.
Stanley, “Memorials of Canterbury.” London, 1855.
Freeman, “Historical Essays.” First Series, Essay IV.

[279] On Stephen Langton see
Pearson, “History of England during Early and Middle Ages.”
Vol. ii.
Milman, “History of Latin Christianity.” Vol. iv.,
London, 1854.
Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. ii.,
4th edition, London, 1879, pp. 657-761.
Maurice, “Lives of English Popular Leaders. 1. Stephen
Langton.” London.

[280] Kingston, “History of Frederick II., King of the Romans.”
London, 1862.

[281] Stubbs, “Memorials of St. Dunstan. Collection of six
Biographies.” London, 1875.
Soames, “Anglo-Saxon Church.” London, 1835.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Canterbury.” Vol. i., pp. 382-426,
London, 1860.

[282] Luard, “Roberti Grosseteste, Episcopi quondam Lincolniensis
Epistolæ.” London, 1862.

[283] According to Giordano of Giano, who himself was there, the
number of brothers present was about 3,000, and the people
of the neighbourhood supplied them so abundantly with food
and drink that they had at last to put a stop to their
bringing. But soon the tradition of the order multiplied
the 3,000 into 5,000, and transformed the quite natural
account of their support into a “_miraculum stupendum_,”
parallel to the feeding of the 5,000 in the wilderness
(Matt. xiv. 15-21).

[284] Trench, “The Mendicant Orders.” in “Lectures on Mediæval
Church History.” London, 1878.

[285] Milman, “History of Latin Christianity.” Vol. v.
Wadding, “Annales Minorum Fratrum.” 8 vols., Lugd., 1625.
Stephen, “St. Francis of Assisi.” In “Essays in
Ecclesiastical Biography.” London, 1860.

[286] “Annales Ordinis Prædicatorum.” Vol. i., Rome, 1746.

[287] Gieseler, “Ecclesiastical History.” § 72, Edin., 1853,
vol. iii., pp. 268-276.

[288] Addison, “History of the Knights Templars.” etc.,
London, 1842.

[289] Taafe, “Order of St. John of Jerusalem.” 4 vols.,
London, 1852.

[290] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 355-377.
Hampden, “The Scholastic Philosophy considered in its
relation to Christian Theology.” Oxford, 1832.
Maurice, “Mediæval Philosophy.” London, 1870.
Harper, “The Metaphysics of the School.” London, 1880 f.

[291] Kirkpatrick, “The Historically Received Conception of a
University.” London, 1857.
Hagenbach, “Encyclopædia of Theology.” Transl. by Crooks
and Hurst, New York, 1884, § 18, pp. 50, 51.

[292] Cunningham, “Historical Theology.” Edinburgh, 1870,
vol. i., ch. xv., “The Canon Law.” Pp. 426-438.

[293] Räbiger, “Theological Encyclopædia.” Vol. i., p. 28,
Edin., 1884.

[294] Maitland, “The Dark Ages: a Series of Essays, to Illustrate
the State of Religion and Literature in the Ninth, Tenth,
Eleventh, and Twelfth Centuries.” London, 1844.

[295] The Aelfric Society founded in 1842 has edited his
Anglo-Saxon writings and those of others. The Homilies
were edited by Thorpe in 2 vols., in 1843 and 1846.
“Select Monuments of Doctrine and Worship of Catholic
Church in England before the Norman Conquest, consisting
of Aelfric’s Paschal Homily.” Etc., London, 1875.
On Aelfric and Ethelwold see an admirable sketch, with
full references to and appropriate quotations from
early chronicles, in Hook’s “Lives of the Archbishops
of Canterbury.” Vol. i., pp. 434-455.

[296] Macpherson on “Anselm’s Theory of the Atonement; its Place
in History.” In _Brit. and For. Evang. Review_ for 1878,
pp. 207-232.

[297] Church, “St. Anselm.” London, 1870.
Rule, “Life and Times of St. Anselm.” 2 vols., London, 1883.

[298] On Anselm’s and Abælard’s theories of atonement, see
Ritschl, “History of Christian Doctrine of Justification
and Reconciliation.” Pp. 22-40., Edin., 1872.

[299] Berington, “History of the Lives of Abælard and Heloise.”
London, 1787.
Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 386-397,
London, 1872.

[300] Neander, “St. Bernard and his Times.” London, 1843.
Morison, “Life and Times of St. Bernard.” London, 1863.

[301] Räbiger “Theological Encyclopædia.” Vol. i., p. 27,
Edin., 1884.

[302] Westcott, “Epistles of St. John.” London, 1883.
Dissertation on “The Gospel of Creation.” Pp. 277-280.
Bruce, “Humiliation of Christ.” Edin., 1876,
pp. 354 ff., 487 f.

[303] This work is entitled _Contra quatuor labyrinthos Franciæ,
Seu contra novas hæreses, quas Abælardus, Lombardus,
Petrus Pictaviensis, et Gilbertus Porretanus libris
sententiarum acuunt limant, roborant Ll. IV._

[304] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” London, 1872, Vol. i.,
pp. 405-428.
Ginsburg, “The Kabbalah, its doctrines, development, and
literature.” London, 1865.
Palmer, “Oriental Mysticism.” A treatise on the Suffistic
and Unitarian Theosophy of the Persians, compiled from
native sources, London, 1867.

[305] Sighart, “Albert the Great: his Life and Scholastic
Labours.” Translated from the French by T. A. Dixon,
London, 1876.

[306] Hampden, “Life of Thomas Aquinas: a Dissertation of the
Scholastic Philosophy of the Middle Ages.” London, 1848.
Cicognani, “Life of Thomas Aquinas.” London, 1882.
Townsend, “Great Schoolmen of the Middle Ages.” London, 1882.
Vaughan, “Life and Labours of St. Thomas of Aquino.”
2 vols., London, 1870.

[307] “Monumenta Franciscana.” in “Chronicles and Memorials of
Great Britain and Ireland.” Edited for the “Master of the
Rolls Series.” By Brewer, London, 1858.
In addition to the _Opus Majus_ referred to above, Brewer
has edited _Fr. Rogeri Bacon Opera quædum inedita_,
vol. i., containing _Opus Tertium_, _Opus Minus_, and
_Compendium Philosophiæ_.

[308] Neubauer, “Jewish Controversy and the ‘Pugio Fidei.’” In
_Expositor_ for February and March, 1888.

[309] Hodge, “Systematic Theology.” Vol. iii., pp. 492-497.

[310] Preuss, “The Romish Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception
traced from its Source.” Edinburgh, 1867.

[311] Maccall, “Christian Legends of Middle Ages, from German of
von Bulow.” London.
Cox and Jones, “Popular Romances of the Middle Ages.”
London.
Baring Gould, “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages.”
London, 1884.
“The Legend of St. Ursula and the Virgin Martyrs of
Cologne.” London, 1860.

[312] “Liturgical Poetry of Adam of St. Victor.” With transl. into
English, and notes, by Wrangham, 3 vols., London, 1881.
Bird, “The Latin Hymns of the Church.” In the _Sunday
Magazine_ for 1865, pp. 530 ff., 679 ff., 776 ff.
Trench, “Sacred Latin Poetry.” London, 1849.
Neale, “Mediæval Hymns.”

[313] “Christus ist erstanden von der Marter Banden.”

[314] Eastlake, “History of the Gothic Revival.” London, 1872.
Norton, “Historical Studies of Church Building in the
Middle Ages.” New York, 1880.
Didron, “History of Christian Art in the Middle Ages.”
London, 1851.

[315] Kügler, “Handbook of Painting: Italian Schools.” Translated
by Eastlake, London, 1855.
Warrington, “History of Stained Glass.” London, 1850.

[316] Kingsley, “The Saint’s Tragedy.” London, 1848. A dramatic
poem founded on the story of St. Elizabeth’s life.

[317] On Hilarius, an English monk, author of several plays,
see Morley’s “Writers before Chaucer.” London, 1864,
pp. 542-552.

[318] Delepierre, “History of Flemish Literature from the 12th
Century.” London, 1860.

[319] Cooper, “Flagellation and the flagellants.” London, 1873.

[320] Perrin, “History of the Vaudois.” London, 1624.
Muston, “Israel of the Alps.” 2 vols., Glasgow, 1858.
Monastier, “History of the Vaudois Church from its Origin.”
New York, 1849.
Peyran, “Historical Defence of the Waldenses or Vaudois.”
London, 1826.
Todd, “The Waldensian Manuscripts.” London, 1865.
Wylie, “History of the Waldensians.” London, 1880.
Comba, “History of the Waldenses.” London, 1888.

[321] Sismondi, “History of Crusades against the Albigenses of
the 13th Century.” London, 1826.

[322] Limborch, “History of the Inquisition.” 2 vols.,
London, 1731.
Lea, “History of the Inquisition.” 3 vols., Philad. and
London, 1888.
Baker, “History of Inquisition in Portugal, Spain, Italy.”
Etc., London, 1763.
Prescott, “History of Ferdinand and Isabella.” Pt. i.,
ch. vii.
Llorente, “Histoire critique de l’Inquisition d’Espagne.”
Paris, 1818.
Rule, “History of Inquisition.” 2 vols., London, 1874.

[323] Creighton, “History of the Papacy during the Reformation.”
Vols. i.-iv., A.D. 1378-1518, London, 1882 ff.
Gosselin, “The Power of the Popes during the Middle Ages.”
2 vols., London, 1853.
Reichel, “See of Rome in the Middle Ages.” London, 1870.

[324] On Boniface VIII. see a paper in Wiseman’s “Essays on
Various Subjects.” London, 1888.

[325] Lenfant, “History of the Council of Constance.” 2 vols.,
London, 1730.

[326] Jenkins, “The Last Crusader; or, The Life and Times of
Cardinal Julian of the House of Cesarini.” London, 1861.
Creighton, “History of the Papacy.” Vol. ii., “The Council
of Basel: the Papal Restoration, A.D. 1418-1464.”

[327] Creighton, “History of the Papacy.” Vols. iii. and iv.,
“The Italian Princes, A.D. 1464-1518.”

[328] Roscoe, “Life and Pontificate of Leo X.” 4 vols.,
Liverpool, 1805.

[329] Salmon, “The Infallibility of the Church.” London, 1888.

[330] Haye, “Persecution of the Knights Templars.” Edin., 1865.

[331] Kettlewell, “Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of the Common
Life.” 2 vols., London, 1882.

[332] Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. iv.,
“Bradwardine.”

[333] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 460-464.

[334] Luther’s Catholic opponents said, _Si Lyra non lyrasset,
Lutherus non saltasset_. This saying had an earlier
form: “Si Lyra non lyrasset, nemo Doctorum in Biblia
saltasset;” “Si Lyra non _lyrasset, totus mundus
delirasset_.”

[335] Dalgairns, “The German Mystics in the 14th Century.”
London, 1850.
Vaughan, “Hours with the Mystics.” 3rd ed., 2 vols.,
London, 1888.

[336] See an admirable account of Eckhart by Dr. Adolf Lasson in
Ueberweg’s “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 467-484.

[337] Winkworth, “Life and Times of Tauler, with Twenty-five
Sermons.” London, 1857.
Herrick, “Some Heretics of Yesterday.” London, 1884.

[338] Kettlewell, “The Authorship of the ‘Imitation of Christ.’”
London, 1877.
Kettlewell, “Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of the Common
Life.” 2 vols., London, 1882.
Ullmann, “Reformers before the Reformation.” Vol. ii.,
Edin., 1855.
Cruise, “Thomas à Kempis: Notes of a Visit to the Scenes
of his Life.” London, 1887.

[339] Baring-Gould, “Mediæval Preachers: Some Account
of Celebrated Preachers of the 15th, 16th, and
17th Centuries.” London, 1865.

[340] “Biblia Pauperum.” Reproduced in facsimile from MS. in
British Museum, London, 1859.

[341] Douce, “The Dance of Death.” London, 1833.

[342] Symonds, “Renaissance in Italy.” 2 vols., London, 1881.

[343] Church, “Dante and other Essays.” London, 1888.
Plumptre, “Commedia, etc., of Dante, with Life and Studies.”
2 vols., London, 1886-1888.
Oliphant, “Dante.” Edinburgh, 1877.
Ozanam, “Dante and the Catholic Philosophy of the
13th Century.” London, 1854.
Barlow, “Critical, Historical, and Philosophical
Contributions to the Study of the _Divina Commedia_.”
London, 1884.
Botta, “Dante as Philosopher, Patriot, and Poet.”
New York, 1865.
M. F. Rossetti, “A Shadow of Dante.” Boston, 1872.

[344] Reeve, “Petrarch.” Edinburgh, 1879.
Simpson, article on Petrarch in _Contemporary Review_
for July, 1874.

[345] Wratislaw, “Life and Legend of St. John Nepomucen.”
Lon., 1873.

[346] Gairdner and Spedding, “Studies in English History.” I.,
“The Lollards.”

[347] Baker, “History of the Inquisition in Portugal, Spain,
Italy.” Etc., London, 1763.
Llorente, “History of the Inquisition from its Establishment
to Ferdinand VII.” Philadelphia, 1826.
Mocatta, “Jews in Spain and Portugal, and the Inquisition.”
London, 1877.

[348] Lewis, “Hist. of Life and Sufferings of John Wiclif.”
Lond., 1720.
Vaughan, “John de Wycliffe. A Monograph.” London, 1853.
Lechler, “John Wiclif and his English Precursors.” 2 vols.,
London, 1878.
Buddensieg, “John Wyclif, Patriot and Reformer; his Life
and Writings.” London, 1884.
Burrows, “Wiclif’s Place in History.” London, 1882.
Storrs, “John Wycliffe and the first English Bible.”
New York, 1880.

[349] Gillet, “Life and Times of John Huss.” Boston, 2 vols., 1870.
Wratislaw, “John Huss.” London, 1882.

[350] Palacky, “Documenta Mag. J. H., Vitam, Doctrinam, Causam.”
Etc., illust., Prag., 1869.
Gillett, “Life and Times of John Huss.” 2 vols., Boston, 1863.
Loserth, “Wiclif and Huss.” London, 1884.

[351] On these three consult
Ullmann, “Reformers before the Reformation.” 2 vols.,
Edin., 1855.
Brandt, “History of the Reformation in the Low Countries.”
Vol. i., London, 1720.

[352] Heraud, “Life and Times of Savonarola.” London, 1843.
Villari, “History of Savonarola.” 2 vols., London, 1888.
Madden, “The Life and Martyrdom of Savonarola.” 2 vols.,
London, 1854.
MacCrie, “History of Reformation in Italy.” Edin., 1827.
Roscoe, “Lorenzo de Medici.” London, 1796.
See also chapters on Savonarola in Mrs. Oliphant’s “Makers
of Florence.” London, 1881.
Milman, “Savonarola, Erasmus.” Etc., Essays, London, 1870.

[353] Roscoe, “Leo X.” London, 1805.

[354] Villari, “Niccolo Macchiavelli, and his Times.” 4 vols.,
Lond., 1878.

[355] Strauss, “Ulrich von Hutten.” Trans. by Mrs. Sturge,
London, 1874.
Hausser, “Period of the Reformation.” 2 vols., London, 1873.

[356] A young Minorite, =Conrad Pellicanus= of Tübingen, had
as early as A.D. 1501 composed a very creditable guide
to the study of the Hebrew language, under the title _De
modo legendi et intelligendi Hebræum_, which was first
printed in Strassburg in A.D. 1504. Amid inconceivable
difficulties, purely self taught, and with the poorest
literary aids, he had secured a knowledge of the Hebrew
language which he perfected by unwearied application to
study and by intercourse with a baptized Jew. He attained
such proficiency, that he won for himself a place among the
most learned exegetes of the Reformed Church as professor
of theology at Basel in A.D. 1523 and at Zürich from
A.D. 1525 till his death, in A.D. 1556. His chief work
is _Commentaria Bibliorum_, 7 vols. fol., 1532-1539.

[357] Strauss, “Ulrich von Hutten.” London, 1874, pp. 120-140.

[358] Erasmus, “Colloquies.” Trans. by Bailey, ed. by Johnson,
Lond., 1877.
“Praise of Folly.” Trans. by Copner, Lond., 1878.
Seebohm, “Oxford Reformers of 1498: Colet, Erasmus, and
More.” Lond., 1869.
Drummond, “Erasmus, His Life and Character.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1873.
Pennington, “Life and Character of Erasmus.” Lond., 1874.
Strauss, “Ulrich von Hutten.” Lond., 1874, pp. 315-346.
Dorner, “Hist. of Prot. Theology.” 2 vols., Edin., 1871,
vol. i., p. 202.

[359] Seebohm, “Oxford Reformers.” Lond., 1869.
Walter, “Sir Thomas More.” Lond., 1840.
Mackintosh, “Life of Sir Thomas More.” Lond., 1844.

[360] Beard, “The Reformation of the 16th Cent. in its Relation
to Modern Thought and Knowledge.” Lond., 1883.
Wylie, “History of Protestantism.” 3 vols., Lond., 1875.
Merle d’Aubigné, “History of Reformation in the 16th Cent.
in Switzerland and Germany.” 5 vols., Lond., 1840.
D’Aubigné, “History of Reformation in Times of Calvin.”
8 vols., Lond., 1863.
Ranke, “History of Reformation in Germany.” 3 vols.,
Lond., 1845.
Häusser, “The Period of the Reformation.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1873.
Hagenbach, “History of the Reformation.” 2 vols.,
Edinburgh, 1878.
Köstlin, “Life of Martin Luther.” Lond., 1884.
Bayne, “Martin Luther: his Life and Work.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1887.
Rae, “Martin Luther, Student, Monk, Reformer.” Lond., 1884.
Dale, “Protestantism: Its Ultimate Principle.” Lond., 1875.
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” 2 vols.,
Edinburgh, 1871.
Cunningham, “Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation.”
Edinburgh, 1862.
Tulloch, “Leaders of the Reformation.” Edinburgh, 1859.

[361] Ledderhose, “Life of Melanchthon.” Trans. by Krotel,
Philad., 1855.

[362] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 98-113.
“The First Principles of the Reformation Illustrated
in the Ninety-five Theses and Three Primary Works of
Martin Luther.” Edited with historical and theological
introductions by Wace and Bucheim, Lond., 1884.

[363] Morris, “Luther at the Wartburg and Coburg.” Philad., 1882.

[364] Weber, “Luther’s Treatise, _De Servo Arbitrio_.” In _Brit.
and For. Evan. Review_, 1878, pp. 799-816.

[365] Myconius, “Vita Zwinglii.” Basel, 1536.
Hess, “Life of Zwingli, the Swiss Reformer.” London, 1832.
Christoffel, “Zwingli; or, The Rise of the Reformation in
Switzerland.” Edin., 1858.
Blackburn, “Ulrich Zwingli.” London, 1868.

[366] Blackburn, “William Farel (1487-1531): The Story of the
Swiss Reformation.” Edin., 1867.

[367] Burrage, “History of the Anabaptists in Switzerland.”
Philad., 1882.

[368] Cunningham, “Reformers and Theology of the Reformation.”
Edin., 1862, pp. 212-291; “Zwingli and the Doctrine of
the Sacraments.”

[369] Calvin, “Tracts relating to the Reformation, with Life of
Calvin by Beza.” 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1844-1851.
Henry, “Life of John Calvin.” 2 vols., London, 1849.
Audin (Cath.), “History of Life, Writings, and Doctrines
of Calvin.” 2 vols., London, 1854.
Dyer, “The Life of John Calvin.” London, 1850.
Bungener, “Calvin: his Life, Labours, and Writings.”
Edinburgh, 1863.

[370] M’Crie, “The Early Years of John Calvin, A.D. 1509-1536.”
Ed. by W. Fergusson, Edinburgh, 1880.

[371] “English Translation of Calvin’s Works.” By Calvin
Translation Society, in 52 vols., Edinburgh, 1842-1853.
For a more sympathetic and true estimate of Calvin as a
commentator, see Farrar, “History of Interpretations.”
London, 1886.
Also papers by Farrar on the “Reformers as Commentators.”
In _Expositor_, Second Series.

[372] See Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 384-414, for a much truer outline of Calvin’s
doctrine from another Lutheran pen.

[373] Cunningham, “Reformers and Theology of the Reformation.”
Essay vii., “Calvin and Beza.” Pp. 345-412, Edin., 1862.

[374] Butler, “The Reformation in Sweden, its Rise, Progress, and
Crisis, and its Triumph under Charles IX.” New York, 1883.
Geijer, “History of the Swedes.” Trans. from the Swedish by
Turner, Lond., 1847.

[375] Pontoppidan, “Annales eccles. Dan.” ii., iii., Han., 1741.
Ranke, “History of the Reformation.” Vol. iii.

[376] The chief documentary authorities for the whole period are
the State Papers edited by Brewer and others. See also
Froude, “History of England from Fall of Wolsey till Death
of Elizabeth.” 12 vols., Lond., 1856-1869.
Burnet, “History of Reformation of Church of England.”
2 vols., Lond., 1679.
Blunt, “Reformation of the Church of England.” 4th ed.,
Lond., 1878.
Strype, “Ecclesiastical Memorials.” 3 vols., Lond., 1721.
“Annals of the Reformation.” 4 vols., 1709-1731.
Foxe, “Acts and Monuments.” (Pub. A.D. 1563), 8 vols.,
Lond., 1837-1841.

[377] Demaus, “Life of William Tyndal.” London, 1868.
Fry, “A Bibliographical Description of the Editions of the
N.T., Tyndale’s Version in English, etc., the notes in
full of the Edition of 1534.” London, 1878.
“Facsimile Edition of Tyndale’s first printed N.T.” Edited
by Arber, London, 1871.

[378] Gasquet, “Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries.”
2 vols., London, 1888.

[379] Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Canterbury.” Vols. vi., vii.
Bayly, “Life and Death of Fisher, Bishop of Rochester.”
London, 1655.
Dixon, “History of Church of England.” London, 1878,
vol. i., “Henry VIII.”
Froude, “History of England.” Vols. i.-iii.

[380] Heppe, “The Reformers of England and Germany in the
Sixteenth Century; their Intercourse and Correspondence.”
London, 1859.

[381] Phillip, “History of the Life of Reg. Pole.” 2 vols.,
London, 1765.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Cant.” Vol. viii.
Lee, “Reginald Pole, Cardinal-Archbishop of Canterbury:
an Historical Sketch.” London, 1888.

[382] Demaus, “Life of Latimer.” London, 1869.

[383] Hayward, “Life of Edward VI.” London, 1630.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Cant.” Vols. vii. and viii.
Froude, “History of Eng.” Vols. iv. and v.
Strype, “Life of Cranmer.” London, 1694.
Norton, “Life of Archb. Cranmer.” New York, 1863.
Foxe, “Acts and Monuments.”
Maitland, “Essays on the Reformation in England.”
London, 1849.

[384] Procter, “History of Book of Common Prayer.” Cambr., 1855.
Hole, “The Prayer Book.” London, 1887.
Hardwick, “History of the Articles of Religion.”
Cambr., 1851.
Stephenson, “Book of Common Prayer.” 3 vols., London, 1854.
Burnet, “Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles.”
London, 1699.
Browne, “Exposition of Thirty-Nine Articles.” London, 1858.

[385] Froude, “History of England.” Vols. vi.-xii.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Cant.” Vol. ix.

[386] Killen, “Ecclesiastical History of Ireland from Earliest
to Present Times.” 2 vols., Lond., 1875.
Mant, “Hist. of Church of Ireland from Reformation.”
London, 1839.
Ball, “Hist. of the Church of Ireland.”

[387] Lorimer, “Patrick Hamilton, First Preacher and Martyr of
the Scottish Reformation.” Edinburgh, 1857.

[388] It was certainly at St. Andrews that the execution took
place. The best and fullest account of Walter Mill is
given by Mr. Scott, of Arbroath, in his “Martyrs of Angus
and Mearns.” London, 1885, pp. 210-271.
For George Wishart, see same book, pp. 99-209; and
Rogers, “Life of George Wishart.” Edinburgh, 1876.

[389] Strickland, “Life of Mary Stuart.” 5 vols., Lond., 1875.
Hosack, “Mary Queen of Scots and Her Accusers.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1874.
Schiern, “Life of James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, from the
Danish.” Edin., 1880.
Skelton, “Maitland of Lethington and the Scotland of Mary
Stuart.” 2 vols., Edin., 1887 f.