Chapter LXXXVII: Appendix: Special Rules (2)

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4. _Planks and Gangways._--No unfenced planks or gangways shall be placed across open pots, pans, or other structures containing liquid of a dangerous character. This rule shall not apply to black ash vats where the vats themselves are otherwise securely fenced.

5. _Respirators._--Suitable respirators shall be provided for the use of the workers in places where poisonous gases or injurious dust may be inhaled.

6. _Lighting._--The lighting of all dangerous places shall be made thoroughly efficient.

7. _Syringes or Wash-bottles._--Every place where caustic soda or caustic potash is manufactured shall be supplied with syringes or wash-bottles, which shall be enclosed in covered boxes fixed in convenient places, in the proportion of one to every four caustic pots. They shall be of suitable form and size, and be kept full of clean water. Similar appliances shall be provided wherever, in the opinion of an inspector, they may be desirable.

8. _Overalls, Bath._--Overalls, kept in a cleanly state, shall be provided for all workers in any room where chlorate of potash or other chlorate is ground. In every such room a bath shall be kept ready for immediate use.

In every chlorate mill, tallow or other suitable lubricant shall be used instead of oil.

9. _Respirators._--Respirators charged with moist oxide of iron or other suitable substance, shall be kept in accessible places ready for use in cases of emergency arising from sulphuretted hydrogen or other poisonous gases.

10. _Salt Cake Departments._--In salt cake departments suitable measures shall be adopted by maintaining a proper draught, and by other means, to obviate the escape of low-level gases.

11. _Weldon Bleaching Powder Chambers._--Weldon bleaching powder chambers, after the free gas has, as far as may be practicable, been drawn off or absorbed by fresh lime, shall, before being opened, be tested by the standard recognised under the Alkali Act. Such tests shall be duly entered in a register kept for the purpose.

All chambers shall be ventilated, as far as possible, when packing is being carried on, by means of open doors on opposite sides and openings in the roof, so as to allow of a free current of air.

12. _Co-operation of Workers: Penalty._--In cases where the co-operation of the workers is required for carrying out the foregoing rules, and where such co-operation is not given, the workers shall be held liable in accordance with the Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, section 9, which runs as follows:--“If any person who is bound to observe any special rules, established for any factory or workshop under this Act, acts in contravention of, or fails to comply with, any such special rule, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two pounds.”

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

Form 260.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_AMENDED SPECIAL RULES for Chemical Works in which is carried on
the_ MANUFACTURE OF BICHROMATE OR CHROMATE
OF POTASSIUM OR SODIUM.

_In these Rules “persons employed in a chrome process” means a person who is employed in any work involving contact with chromate or bichromate of potassium or sodium, or involving exposure to dust or fumes arising from the manufacture thereof._

_Any approval given by the Chief Inspector in pursuance of Rule 10 shall be given in writing, and may at any time be revoked by notice in writing signed by him._

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

1. _Open Pans, &c., containing Dangerous Liquid._--No uncovered pot, pan, or other structure containing liquid of a dangerous character shall be so constructed as to be less than 3 feet in height above the adjoining ground or platform.

This Rule shall not apply to any pot, pan, or other structure constructed before 1st January 1899, or in which a height of 3 feet is impracticable by reason of the nature of the work to be carried on: provided in either case that the structure is securely fenced.

2. There shall be a clear space round all pots, pans, or other structures containing liquid of a dangerous character, except where any junction exists, in which case a barrier shall be so placed as to prevent passage.

3. No unfenced plank or gangway shall be placed across any pot, pan, or other structure containing liquid of a dangerous character.

4. _Lighting._--The lighting of all dangerous places shall be made thoroughly efficient.

5. _Grinding, Separating, and Mixing of Raw Materials._--The grinding, separating, and mixing of the raw materials (including chrome ironstone, lime, and sodium and potassium carbonate) shall not be done without such appliances as will prevent, as far as possible, the entrance of dust into the workrooms.

6. _Batches._--“Batches,” when withdrawn from the furnaces, shall either be placed in the keaves or vats while still warm, or be allowed to cool in barrows or other receptacles.

7. _Evaporating Vessels._--Evaporating vessels shall be covered in, and shall be provided with ventilating shafts to carry the steam into the outside air.

8. _Packing and Crushing of Bichromate._--Packing or crushing of bichromate of potassium or sodium shall not be done except under conditions which secure either the entire absence of dust or its effectual removal by means of a fan.

9. _Age._--No child or young person shall be employed in a chrome process.

10. _Monthly Medical Examination. Suspension._--(_a_) The occupier shall, subject to the approval of the Chief Inspector, appoint a duly qualified medical practitioner (in these Rules referred to as the Appointed Surgeon), who shall examine all persons employed in chrome processes at least once in every month, and shall undertake any necessary medical treatment of disease contracted in consequence of such employment, and shall, after the 30th day of April 1900, have power to suspend any such person from work in any place or process.

(_b_) No person after such suspension shall be employed in any chrome process without the written sanction of the Appointed Surgeon.

_Health Register._--(_c_) A register shall be kept in a form approved by the Chief Inspector, and shall contain a list of all persons employed in any chrome process. The Appointed Surgeon shall enter in the register the dates and results of his examinations of the persons employed and particulars of any treatment prescribed by him. The register shall be produced at any time when required by H.M. Inspectors of Factories or by the Appointed Surgeon.

11. _Requisites for treating slight Wounds and Ulcers._--Requisites (approved by the Appointed Surgeon) for treating slight wounds and ulcers shall be kept at hand and be placed in charge of a responsible person.

12. _Overalls and Respirators._--The occupier shall provide sufficient and suitable overall suits for the use of all persons engaged in the processes of grinding the raw materials; and sufficient and suitable overall suits or other adequate means of protection, approved in writing by the Appointed Surgeon, for the use of all persons engaged in the crystal department or in packing.

Respirators approved by the Appointed Surgeon shall be provided for the use of all persons employed in packing or crushing bichromate of sodium or potassium.

At the end of every day’s work they shall be collected and kept in proper custody in a suitable place set apart for the purpose.

The overalls and respirators shall be thoroughly washed or renewed every week.

13. _Cloak-room._--The occupier shall provide and maintain a cloak-room in which workers can deposit clothing put off during working hours.

14. _Lavatory._--The occupier shall provide and maintain a lavatory for the use of the persons employed in chrome processes, with soap, nail-brushes, and towels, and a constant supply of hot and cold water laid on to each basin. There shall be at least one lavatory basin for every five persons employed in the crystal department and in packing. Each such basin shall be fitted with a waste-pipe, or shall be placed in a trough fitted with a waste-pipe.

15. _Baths._--The occupier shall provide and maintain sufficient baths and dressing-rooms for all persons employed in chrome processes, with hot and cold water laid on, and a sufficient supply of soap and towels; and shall cause each person employed in the crystal department and in packing to take a bath once a week at the factory.

_Bath Register._--A bath register shall be kept containing a list of all persons employed in the crystal department and in packing, and an entry of the date when each person takes a bath.

The bath register shall be produced at any time when required by H.M. Inspectors of Factories.

16. _Cleaning of Floors, &c._--The floors, stairs, and landings shall be cleaned daily.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

17. _Batches._--No person shall deposit a “batch” when withdrawn from the furnace upon the floor nor transfer it to the keaves or vats otherwise than as prescribed in Rule 6.

18. _Packing and Crushing of Bichromate._--No person shall pack or crush bichromate of potassium or sodium otherwise than as prescribed in Rule 8.

19. _Medical Examination._--(_a_) Every person employed in a chrome process shall present himself at the appointed times for examination by the Appointed Surgeon as provided in Rule 10.

(_b_) After the 30th day of April 1900, no person suspended by the Appointed Surgeon shall work in a chrome process without his written sanction.

20. _Overalls._--Every person engaged in the processes of grinding the raw materials shall wear an overall suit, and every person engaged in the crystal department or in packing shall wear an overall suit or other adequate means of protection approved by the Appointed Surgeon.

_Respirators._--Every person employed in packing or crushing bichromate of sodium or potassium shall in addition wear a respirator while so occupied.

21. _Washing._--Every person employed in the processes named in Rule 20 shall before leaving the premises deposit the overalls and respirators in the place appointed by the occupier for the purpose, and shall thoroughly wash face and hands in the lavatory.

22. _Bathing._--Every person employed in the crystal department and in packing shall take a bath at the factory at least once a week; and, having done so, he shall at once sign his name in the bath register, with the date.

23. _Neglect to be Reported._--The foreman shall report to the manager any instance coming under his notice of a workman neglecting to observe these Rules.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_Chief Inspector of Factories_.

M. W. RIDLEY,
_One of Her Majesty’s Principal
Secretaries of State_.

February 1900.

_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form No. 261.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

RED AND ORANGE LEAD WORKS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

_Drawing._--In drawing charges of massicot, or of red lead, or of orange lead, from the furnace they shall not allow the charges of massicot, or of red lead, or of orange lead, to be discharged on to the floor of the factory or workshop, but shall arrange that it be shovelled, not raked, into waggons.

_Packing._--They shall arrange that no red or orange lead shall be packed in the room or rooms where the manufacture is actually carried on.

They shall arrange that no red or orange lead shall be packed in casks or other receptacles except in a place provided with a hood connected with a fan, or shall provide other suitable means to create an effective draught.

_Washing Conveniences._--They shall provide sufficient bath accommodation for all persons employed in the manipulation of red and orange lead, and lavatories, with a good supply of hot water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels for the use of such persons.

_Monthly Examination._--They shall arrange for a monthly visit by a medical man, who shall examine every worker individually, and who shall enter the result of each examination in a register book to be provided by the said occupiers.

_Sanitary Drink._--They shall provide a sufficient supply of approved sanitary drink for the workers.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

“If any person who is bound to observe any special rules
established for any factory or workshop under this Act, acts
in contravention of, or fails to comply with, any such special
rule, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not
exceeding two pounds.”

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

Form 263.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

YELLOW LEAD.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

They shall provide washing conveniences, with a sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels.

They shall provide respirators and overall suits for the persons employed in all dry processes.

They shall provide fans or other suitable means of ventilation wherever dust is generated in the process of manufacture.

They shall provide a sufficient supply of Epsom salts and of an approved sanitary drink.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

In cases where the co-operation of the workers is required for carrying out the foregoing rules, and where such co-operation is not given, the workers shall be held liable, in accordance with the Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Section 9, which runs as follows:--

Respirators { A good respirator is a cambric bag with or without
{ a thin flexible wire made to fit over the nose.
Sanitary drink { Sulphate of magnesia 2 oz.
suggested { Water 1 gallon.
{ Essence of lemon, sufficient to flavour.

B. A. WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

Form 264.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

LEAD SMELTING WORKS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

They shall provide respirators and overall suits for the use of all persons employed in cleaning the flues, and take means to see that the same are used.

They shall arrange that no person be allowed to remain at work more than two hours at a time in a flue. (A rest of half-an-hour before re-entering will be deemed sufficient.)

They shall provide sufficient bath accommodation for all persons employed in cleaning the flues, and every one so employed shall take a bath before leaving the works.

They shall provide washing conveniences, with a sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

B. A. WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

Form 268.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES, only applicable to works in which_
LEAD OR ARSENIC IS USED IN THE TINNING AND
ENAMELLING OF IRON HOLLOW WARE.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

They shall provide washing conveniences with a sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels; and take measures to secure that every worker wash face and hands before meals and before leaving the works.

They shall see that no food is eaten in any room where the process of tinning or enamelling is carried on.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

In cases where the co-operation of the workers is required for carrying out the foregoing rules, and where such co-operation is not given, the workers shall be held liable in accordance with the Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Section 9, which runs as follows:--“If any person who is bound to observe any special rules established for any factory or workshop under this Act, acts in contravention of, or fails to comply with, any such special rule, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two pounds.”

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

Form 266.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_AMENDED SPECIAL RULES._

SPINNING AND WEAVING OF FLAX.

WEAVING SHEDS

(in which artificial humidity is produced).

_Ventilation._--An efficient 14-inch extracting fan shall be provided for every 2500 square feet of floor surface, such ventilation to be arranged to the satisfaction of the Inspector of Factories, and to be kept in operation during working hours.

_Humidity._--In every weaving factory where artificial humidity is produced, there shall be provided, maintained, and kept in correct working order two sets of standardised wet and dry bulb thermometers. A difference of at least two degrees shall be kept during working hours between the wet and dry bulbs (_e.g._, Dry Bulb 75, Wet Bulb 73).

(1.) One set of thermometers is to be fixed in the centre and one at the side of the factory, or in such other position as may be directed or sanctioned by an Inspector of Factories, so as to be plainly visible to the operatives.

(2.) The occupier or manager, or person for the time being in charge of each factory, shall read the thermometers twice in the day, viz., between ten o’clock and eleven o’clock in the forenoon, and between three o’clock and four o’clock in the afternoon, on every day that any operatives are employed in the factory, and shall record the readings of each thermometer at each of such times on a form provided for the purpose for each set of thermometers, in the form and in accordance with the regulations contained in Schedule B. of the Cotton Cloth Factories Act, 1889, and the readings indicated at any time by the said thermometers shall be taken to represent the actual humidity of the room at such time.

(3.) The form in which the readings of each thermometer provided for in sub-section (ii.) of this section are to be recorded shall be kept hung up near the thermometers; and after being duly filled up, shall be forwarded at the end of each month to the Inspector of the District, and a copy shall be kept at the factory for reference.

WET SPINNING ROOMS.

_Overalls._--Where splashboards are not provided, waterproof overalls or aprons shall be provided by the occupier for all the workers, such overalls or aprons to be sufficient to protect the lower part of the chest to the satisfaction of the Inspector.

_Troughs._--The lids of the troughs shall be kept in perfect repair to check escape of steam.

_Floors._--Floors shall be kept in sound condition so as to prevent retention or accumulation of water.

The same rules shall be adopted with respect to humidity as are required in the weaving sheds.

WET SPINNING ROOMS AND WEAVING FACTORIES.

_Steam-Pipes._--Whenever steam is injected into any room, the pipes conveying the same shall be jacketed with non-conducting composition to the satisfaction of the Inspector of Factories.

ROUGHING AND SORTING AND HAND HACKLING ROOMS.

_Fans._--Exhaust fans shall be provided so as to draw the dust forward and down from the face of the worker, unless some other arrangement shall be found equally effective, to the satisfaction of the Factory Inspector.

_Respirators._--Respirators shall be provided for the use of the workers, if children or young persons, and be worn by them at work.

MACHINE HACKLING ROOMS.

Preparation and Card Rooms.

_Fans._--Exhaust fans shall be provided on the side of the room where the machines are, and inlets provided from 6 to 7 feet from the ground on the opposite side, unless some other arrangement of such fens shall be found equally effective.

_Respirators._--Respirators shall be provided for the use of the workers, if children or young persons, and be worn by them at work.

DRESSING ROOMS.

_Ventilation._--Dressing rooms must be ventilated so as to render harmless any gas, vapour, or other impurities.

B. A. WHITELEGGE,
_Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Factories_.

M. W. RIDLEY,
_One of Her Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State_.

HOME OFFICE,
18th April 1896.

Form 270.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

FACTORIES OR WORKSHOPS IN WHICH YELLOW CHROMATE OF LEAD IS USED, OR IN WHICH GOODS DYED WITH IT UNDERGO THE PROCESSES OF BUNDLING OR NODDLING, WINDING, REELING, WEAVING, OR ANY OTHER TREATMENT.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

They shall provide washing conveniences, with a sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels.

They shall provide respirators and overall suits for the persons employed in all dry processes.

They shall provide fans or other suitable means of ventilation wherever dust is generated in the process of manufacture.

They shall provide a sufficient supply of Epsom salts and of the sanitary drink mentioned below, or some other approved by H.M. Inspector of Factories.

Respirators { A good respirator is a cambric bag with or without a
{ thin flexible wire made to fit over the nose.
Sanitary drink { Sulphate of magnesia 2 oz.
{ Water 1 gallon.
{ Essence of lemon, sufficient to flavour.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

Every person to whom is supplied a respirator or overall suit shall wear the same when at the special work for which such are provided.

Every person shall carefully clean and wash hands and face before meals and before leaving the works.

No food shall be eaten in any part of the works in which yellow chromate of lead is used in the manufacture.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

Under Section 9, Factory Act, 1891, any person who is bound to observe any special rules is liable to penalties for non-compliance with such special rules.

Form 271.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

MIXING AND CASTING OF BRASS AND OF
CERTAIN OTHER ALLOYS.

_SPECIAL RULES._

Under Section 8 of the Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, and Section 28 of the Factory and Workshop Act, 1895, for the processes in the mixing and casting of Brass, Gun Metal, Bell Metal, White Metal, Delta Metal, Phosphor Bronze, and Manilla Mixture.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

1. They shall provide adequate means for facilitating, as far as possible, the emission or escape from the shop of any noxious fumes or dust arising from the above-named processes. Such means shall include the provision of traps or of louvre gratings in the roof or ceiling of any shop in which such processes, or either of them, is or are carried on; or in case of a mixing or casting shop which is situated under any other shop, there shall be provided an adequate flue or shaft (other than any flue or shaft in connection with a furnace or fireplace) to carry any fumes from the mixing or casting shop, by or through any such shop that may be situated above it.

2. They shall cause all such mixing or casting shops, whether defined as Factories or as Workshops under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1878, to be cleaned down and limewashed once at least within every twelve months, or once within every six months if so required by notice in writing from H.M. Inspector of Factories and Workshops, dating from the time when these were last thus cleaned down and limewashed; and they shall record the dates of such cleaning down and lime-washing in a prescribed form of register.

3. They shall provide a sufficient supply of metal basins, water, and soap, for the use of all persons employed in such mixing or casting shops.

4. They shall not employ, or allow within their Factory or Workshop the employment of, any Woman or Female Young Person, in any process whatever, in any such mixing or casting shop, or in any portion thereof which is not entirely separated by a partition extending from the floor to the ceiling.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

5. They shall not partake of, or cook any food in any such mixing or casting shop, within a period of at least Ten Minutes after the completion of the last pouring of metal in that shop.

B. A. WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

July 10, 1896.

_Note._--WOMEN and PERSONS under 18 YEARS OF AGE are by the
39th section of the Factory and Workshop Act, 1878, expressly
FORBIDDEN either to TAKE A MEAL or to REMAIN in any casting shop
during the time stated on the Notice affixed in the factory
or workshop as being allowed for meals; and the obligation of
enforcing this section rests with the occupier.

* * * * *

These Rules are required to be posted up in conspicuous places in the Factory or Workshop to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who wilfully injures or defaces them is liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, section 11). Occupiers of factories and workshops, and persons employed therein, who are bound to observe any special rules, are liable to penalties for non-compliance with the same. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form 272.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

WOOL SORTING.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

1. Bales of wool or hair shall, whenever opened for the purpose of being sorted, be so opened by men skilled in judging of the quality and condition of the material.

2. All Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, and Camel Hair shall be opened over a fan with a downward draught, in a room specially set apart for the purpose, separate and distinct from any sorting-room and from any room in which work (other than opening) is carried on.

3. Van Mohair shall be washed and sorted while damp, if sorted at all.

Persian shall be washed or disinfected as far as possible before being sorted.

Damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces and foreign skin-wool or hair of the descriptions named in Rules 2 and 4 shall be washed before being sorted.

4. No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall be sorted except in rooms provided with extracting fans, so arranged that each sorting-board shall be independently connected with the extracting shaft by means of a funnel-shaped opening not less than ten inches across at the top, in such manner that the dust may be drawn downwards. The draught shall be maintained in constant efficiency while the sorters are at work, and shall be such that not less than 75 cubic feet of air per minute are drawn by the fan from beneath each sorting-board.

The extracting shaft shall be cleaned out at least once in each week.

5. The dust collected by the fan shall be discharged into properly constructed receptacles, and not into the open air. This dust, together with the sweepings from the floors and walls of the sorting-room, and from under the sorting-boards, shall be removed at least twice a week, and burnt. All pieces of skin, scab, and clippings or “shearlings” shall be removed daily from the sorting-rooms, and be disinfected or destroyed. All bags in which dangerous wool or hair has been imported shall be picked clean and not brushed.

6. No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of his body shall be allowed to sort.

7. Proper provision shall be made for the keeping of the sorter’s clothing and food outside of the sorting-room. No meals shall be allowed to be taken in the sorting-room.

During meal hours the windows shall be kept open.

8. No bale wool or hair shall be stored in a sorting-room, nor wool of any description, unless the same be effectually screened off from the sorting-room. An air space of at least 1000 cubic feet shall be allowed for each sorter, exclusive of any portion screened off.

9. The floor of the sorting-room shall be thoroughly sprinkled daily with a disinfectant solution, and swept daily (immediately after sprinkling) after the work is done.

10. The walls and ceilings of the sorting-room shall be limewashed at least once a year.

11. Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds shall be kept at hand.

12. Proper and sufficient appliances for washing, including basins, water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels, shall be provided in or near the sorting rooms, for the use of the sorters.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

13. If, on opening a bale of wool or hair, any fallen fleece or damaged material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall report the discovery immediately to the foreman.

14. Every sorter having an open cut or sore on any part of his body shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.

15. No sorter shall keep in the sorting-room coats or other articles of clothing besides those he is wearing. No meals shall be taken in the sorting-room.

16. If the draught at any sorting-board, or the fan or any other appliance necessary to the production of such draught, is found to be out of order, the sorter, or any other person becoming aware of the defect, shall report it to the foreman at once.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

October 1897.

_Note._--These Rules are required to be posted up in
conspicuous places in the Factory or Workshop to which they
apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons
employed. Any person who wilfully injures or defaces them is
liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds. Occupiers of
factories and workshops, and persons employed therein, who are
bound to observe these Rules, are liable to penalties in case of
non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and
11.)

Form 272A.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

WOOL SORTING.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

1. Bales of wool or hair shall, whenever opened for the purpose of being sorted, be so opened by men skilled in judging of the quality and condition of the material.

2. All Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, and Camel Hair shall be opened over a fan with a downward draught, in a room specially set apart for the purpose, separate and distinct from any sorting-room, and from any room in which work (other than opening) is carried on. All Persian shall be opened and sorted in a room specially set apart for this purpose.

3. Van Mohair shall be washed and sorted while damp, if sorted at all.

Damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces and foreign skin-wool or hair of the descriptions named in Rules 2 and 4 shall be washed before being sorted.

The extracting shaft shall be cleaned out at least once in each week.

5. The dust collected by the fan from the sorting-boards shall be discharged into properly constructed receptacles, and not into the open air. This dust, together with the sweepings from the floors and walls of the sorting-room, and from under the sorting-boards, shall be removed at least twice a week, and burnt. All pieces of skin, scab, and clippings or “shearlings” shall be removed daily from the sorting-rooms, and be disinfected or destroyed. All bags in which dangerous wool or hair has been imported shall be picked clean and not brushed.

6. No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of his body shall be allowed to sort.

7. Proper provision shall be made for the keeping of the sorter’s clothing and food outside of the sorting-room. No meals shall be allowed to be taken in the sorting-room.

During meal hours the windows shall be kept open.

8. No bale wool or hair shall be stored in a sorting-room, nor wool of any description unless the same be effectually screened off from the sorting-room. An air space of at least 1000 cubic feet shall be allowed for each sorter, exclusive of any portion screened off.

9. The floor of the sorting-room shall be thoroughly sprinkled daily with a disinfectant solution, and swept daily (immediately after sprinkling) after the work is done.

10. The walls and ceilings of the sorting-room shall be limewashed at least once a year.

11. Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds shall be kept at hand.

12. Proper and sufficient appliances for washing, including basins, water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels, shall be provided in or near the sorting-rooms, for the use of the sorters.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

13. If, on opening a bale of wool or hair, any fallen fleece or damaged material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall report the discovery immediately to the foreman.

14. Every sorter having an open cut or sore on any part of his body shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.

15. No sorter shall keep in the sorting-room coats or other articles of clothing besides those he is wearing. No meals shall be taken in the sorting-room.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

April 1898.

_Note._--These Rules are required to be posted up in conspicuous places in the Factory or Workshop to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who wilfully injures or defaces them is liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds. Occupiers of factories and workshops, and persons employed therein, who are bound to observe these Rules, are liable to penalties in case of non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form 273.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

BOTTLING OF AERATED WATER.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

1. _Face-guards._--They shall provide all bottlers with faceguards, masks, or veils of wire gauze.

They shall provide all wirers, sighters, and labellers with faceguards, masks, or veils of wire gauze, or goggles.

2. _Gauntlets._--They shall provide all bottlers with full-length gauntlets for both arms.

They shall provide all wirers, sighters, and labellers with gauntlets for both arms, protecting at least half of the palm and the space between the thumb and forefinger.

3. _Fencing._--They shall cause all machines for bottling to be so constructed, so placed, or so fenced, as to prevent as far as possible, during the operation of filling or corking, a fragment of a bursting bottle from striking any bottler, wirer, sighter, labeller, or washer.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

4. _Face-guards._--All bottlers shall, while at work, wear faceguards, masks, or veils of wire gauze.

All wirers, sighters, and labellers shall, while at work, wear faceguards, masks, or veils of wire gauze, or goggles; except labellers when labelling bottles standing in cases.

5. _Gauntlets._--All bottlers shall, while at work, wear on both arms full-length gauntlets. All wirers, sighters, and labellers shall, while at work, wear on both arms gauntlets protecting at least half of the palm and the space between the thumb and forefinger; except labellers when labelling bottles standing in cases.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

August 1897.

_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the Factory to which they apply, where they may be
conveniently read by the persons employed.

Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do
so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty;
and in such case the occupier also is liable to a penalty,
unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by
publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules,
to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and
Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

Form 274.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

VULCANISING OF INDIA-RUBBER BY MEANS OF BISULPHIDE
OF CARBON.

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.

1. No child or young person shall be employed in any room in which bisulphide of carbon is used.

2. After May 1st, 1898, no person shall be employed for more than five hours in any day in a room in which bisulphide of carbon is used, nor for more than two-and-a-half hours at a time without an interval of at least an hour.

3. In vulcanising waterproof cloth by means of bisulphide of carbon--

(_a_) the trough containing the bisulphide of carbon shall be
self-feeding and covered over;

(_b_) the cloth shall be conveyed to and from the drying chamber
by means of an automatic machine;

(_c_) no person shall be allowed to enter the drying chamber in
the ordinary course of work;

(_d_) the machine shall be covered over, and the fumes drawn
away from the workers by means of a downward suction fan
maintained in constant efficiency.

4. Dipping shall not be done except in boxes so arranged that a suction fan shall draw the fumes away from the workers.

5. No food shall be allowed to be eaten in any room in which bisulphide of carbon is used.

6. A suitable place for meals shall be provided.

7. All persons employed in rooms in which bisulphide of carbon is used shall be examined once a month by the Certifying Surgeon for the district, who shall, after May 1st, 1898, have power to order temporary or total suspension from work.

8. No person shall be employed in any room in which bisulphide of carbon is used, contrary to the direction of the Certifying Surgeon given as above.

9. A Register in the form which has been prescribed by the Secretary of State for use in Indiarubber Works shall be kept, and in it the Certifying Surgeon will enter the dates and result of his visits, with the number of persons examined, and particulars of any directions given by him. This Register shall contain a list of all persons employed in rooms in which bisulphide of carbon is used, and shall be produced at any time when required by H.M. Inspector of Factories or by the Certifying Surgeon.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

10. No person shall enter the drying room in the ordinary course of work, or perform dipping except in boxes provided with a suction fan carrying the fumes away from the workers.

11. No person shall take any food in any room in which bisulphide of carbon is used.

12. After May 1st, 1898, no person shall, contrary to the direction of the Certifying Surgeon, given in pursuance of Rule 7, work in any room in which bisulphide of carbon is used.

13. All persons employed in rooms in which bisulphide of carbon is used shall present themselves for periodic examination by the Certifying Surgeon, as provided in Rule 7.

14. It shall be the duty of all persons employed to report immediately to the employer or foreman any defect which they may discover in the working of the fan or in any appliance required by these rules.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

1897.

Form 343.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

DRY AND DRYSALTED FOREIGN HIDES AND SKINS, AND
DRY AND DRYSALTED EAST INDIAN HIDES AND SKINS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIER.

1. _Protection for Neck, Arms, and Hands._--Efficient means of protection for the neck, arms, and hands shall be provided for the use of all persons employed in unpacking, sorting, packing, handling, or carrying any dry or drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or skins.

2. _Storage of Food and Clothing._--Proper provision, to the reasonable satisfaction of the Inspector in charge of the District, shall be made for the keeping of the workmen’s food and clothing outside any room or shed in which any of the above described hides or skins are unpacked, sorted, packed, or stored.

_Meals._--No meals shall be allowed to be taken in any such room or shed.

3. _Washing._--Proper and sufficient appliances for washing, comprising soap, basins with water laid on, nail-brushes and towels, shall be provided and maintained for the use of the workmen, to the reasonable satisfaction of the Inspector in charge of the District.

4. _Dressings._--Sticking plaster, and other requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds, shall be kept at hand, available for the use of the persons employed.

5. _Wounds._--No person having any open cut, scratch, or sore upon face, head, neck, arm, or hand shall be allowed to work on the premises until the wound is healed, or completely covered by a proper dressing after being thoroughly washed.

6. _Note to be Exhibited._--A copy of the appended notes shall be kept affixed with the Rules.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

7. _Protection for Neck, Arms, and Hands._--Each person whilst engaged in unpacking, sorting, packing, handling, or carrying any dry or drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or skins shall use the means of protection provided by the Occupier in pursuance of Rule 1.

8. _Storage of Food and Clothing._--No workman shall keep any food, or any articles of clothing other than those he is wearing, in any room or shed in which any dry or drysalted foreign or East Indian hides or skins are handled.

He shall not take any food in any such room or shed.

9. _Wounds._--Every workman having any open cut or scratch or raw surface however trifling, upon his face, head, neck, arm, or hand, shall immediately report the fact to the foreman, and shall not work on the premises until the wound is healed, or is completely covered by a proper dressing after being thoroughly washed.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

August 1899.

_Note 1._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who is bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9 and 11.)

_Note 2._--_Nature of the Disease._--The danger against which these Rules are directed is that of anthrax--a fatal disease affecting certain animals, which may be conveyed from them to man by the handling of hides of animals which have died of the disease. The germs of the disease (anthrax spores) are found in the dust and in the substance of the hide, and may remain active for years. In this country anthrax is rare, and precautions are taken to prevent infected hides from coming into the market, consequently there is little danger in handling the hides slaughtered in the United Kingdom: but in Russia, China, and the East Indies, and in many other parts of the world, the disease is common, and infected hides (which do not differ from others in appearance) are often shipped to British ports. Hence in handling foreign dry hides the above Rules should be carefully observed. Wet salted hides are free from dust, and less risk is incurred in handling them.

The disease is communicated to man sometimes by breathing or swallowing the dust from an infected hide, but much more usually by the poison lodging in some point where the skin is broken: such as a fresh scratch or cut, or a scratched pimple, or even chapped hands. This happens most readily on the uncovered parts of the body, the hand, arm, face, and most frequently of all on the neck; owing either to an infected hide rubbing against the bare skin, or to dust from such a hide alighting on the raw surface. Hence the necessity for the coverings required by the Rules. But a raw surface covered by clothing is not free from risk, for dust lodging upon the clothes may sooner or later work its way to the skin beneath. Infection may also be brought about by rubbing or scratching a pimple with hand or nail carrying the anthrax poison.

The first symptom of anthrax is usually a small inflamed swelling like a pimple or boil, often quite painless, which extends, and in a few days becomes black at the centre and surrounded by other “pimples.” The poison is now liable to be absorbed into the system and will cause risk to life, which can be avoided only by prompt and effective medical treatment in the early stage while the poison is still confined to the pimple. Hence it is of the utmost importance that a doctor should _at once_ be consulted if there is any suspicion of infection.

Form 383.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

WOOL-COMBING.

_For the purpose of Rules 1, 2, 12, and 13, “opening” of any wool or hair means the opening of the fleece, or, if it be not in the fleece, the opening out for looking over, or classing purposes._

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.

1. _Opening._--No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, or Camel Hair shall be opened except--

(_a_) after steeping in water, or
(_b_) over an efficient opening board.

For the purposes of this Rule, no opening board shall be considered efficient unless, over a central area of four square feet, the linear velocity of air passing through the screen shall average at least 150 feet per minute for each square foot, the measurements to be taken on a uniform system approved by H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories; and no opening board shall have an area of less than seven square feet.

2. All badly-damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces, and skin, wool, or hair of the kinds named in Rule 1, shall be opened by an experienced man in the manner prescribed in Rule 1, and damped with a disinfectant and then washed without being willowed.

3. Every bale of Van Mohair shall be steeped in water before being opened.

4. _Willowing._--No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall be willowed except in a separate room provided with an efficient exhaust fan so arranged as to draw the dust away from the workmen and prevent it from entering the air of the room.

No wool or hair shall be stored in a willowing room.

The floor of every such room shall be sprinkled daily with a disinfectant solution and swept immediately after sprinkling.

The walls and ceilings of every such room shall be limewashed at least once a year and swept down at least once a month.

5. _Dust._--The dust collected by the willows or other dust extracting machines and from the opening boards shall be discharged into properly constructed receptacles, and not into the open air. This dust shall be removed at least once a week.

6. _Storage of Clothing and Food._--Suitable provision shall be made for keeping the clothing and food of all persons who are employed in the warehouse, or in any room in which is carried on willowing or opening, or any other process through which the wool or hair passes before being washed.

7. _Wounds._--No person having any open cut or sore upon any part of the body shall be employed in a place specified in Rule 6.

8. _Meals._--No person shall be allowed to prepare or partake of any food in a place specified in Rule 6, or in a carding room.

9. _Lavatories._--Sufficient and suitable washing conveniences shall be provided and maintained for all persons employed in the places specified in Rule 6.

The washing conveniences shall comprise soap, nail-brushes, and towels, and at least one wash-hand basin for every five persons employed as above, each basin being fitted with a waste-pipe and having a constant supply of water laid on.

10. _Dressings._--Requisites for treating scratches and slight wounds shall be kept at hand.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

11. _Opening._--If, on opening a bale, any fallen fleeces or damaged material is discovered, the person opening the bale shall report the discovery immediately to the foreman.

12. No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, or Camel Hair shall be opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 1.

13. No badly damaged wool or hair, fallen fleeces, or skin, wool, or hair of the kinds named in Rule 1 shall be opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 2.

14. No bale of Van Mohair shall be opened otherwise than as permitted by Rule 3.

15. _Willowing._--No Alpaca, Pelitan, Cashmere, Persian, Camel Hair, or Mohair shall be willowed except as permitted by Rule 4.

16. _Wounds._--Any person employed in a place specified in Rule 6, and having an open cut or sore upon any part of the body, shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.

17. _Storage of Clothing and Food._--No clothing or food shall be kept in any place specified in Rule 6.

18. _Meals._--No person shall prepare or partake of food in a place specified in Rule 6, or in a carding room, or bring any food into such room.

19. _Washing._--No person employed in any place specified in Rule 6 shall leave the works or partake of meals without previously washing his or her hands.

20. _Failure of Fan, etc._--If the fan or any other appliance necessary for the carrying out of these Rules is out of order, any workman becoming aware of the defect shall immediately report the fact to the foreman.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

May 1900.

_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be
conveniently read by the persons employed. Any person who is
bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in
contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases
the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that
he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best
of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention
or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)

Form 384.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

LUCIFER MATCH FACTORIES IN WHICH WHITE OR YELLOW
PHOSPHORUS IS USED.

_Definitions._--In these Rules “phosphorus process” means mixing, dipping, drying, boxing, and any other work or process in which White or Yellow Phosphorus is used; and “persons employed in a phosphorus process” means any person who is employed in any room or part of the factory where such a process is carried on.

“Double-dipped matches” means wood splints, both ends of which have been dipped in the igniting composition.

“Certifying Surgeon” means a Surgeon appointed under the Factory and Workshop Acts.

Any approval or decision given by the Chief Inspector of Factories in pursuance of these Rules shall be given in writing, and may at any time be revoked by notice in writing signed by him.

_Date of Commencement of Certain Rules._--Rules 5 (_a_), 5 (_b_), 6, 8, and 19, so far as they affect the employment of adult workers, shall not come into force until the 1st day of October 1900.

DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS.

1. _Plans._--No part of a lucifer match factory shall be constructed, structurally altered, or newly used for the carrying on of any phosphorus process, unless the plans have previously been submitted in duplicate to the Chief Inspector of Factories, and unless he shall have approved the plans in writing, or shall not, within six weeks from the submission of the plans, have expressed his disapproval in writing of the same.

2. Every room in which mixing, dipping, drying, or boxing is carried on--

_Ventilation._--Shall be efficiently ventilated by means of
sufficient openings to the outer air, and also by means of fans,
unless the use of fans is dispensed with by order in writing of
the Chief Inspector;

_Air Space._--Shall contain at least 400 cubic feet of air
space for each person employed therein; and in computing this
air space no height above 14 feet shall be taken into account;

_Lighting._--Shall be efficiently lighted;

_Floor._--Shall have a smooth and impervious floor. A floor
laid with flagstones or hard bricks in good repair shall be
deemed to constitute a smooth and impervious floor.

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Dangerous tradesChapter LXXXVII: Appendix: Special Rules (2)

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