Chapter LXXXVIII: Appendix: Special Rules (3)

3. _Separate Rooms._--(_a_) The processes of mixing, dipping, and drying shall each be done in a separate and distinct room. The process of boxing double-dipped matches or matches not thoroughly dry shall also be done in a separate and distinct room. These rooms shall not communicate with any other part of the factory unless there shall be a ventilated space intervening; nor shall they communicate with one another, except by means of doorways with closely-fitting doors, which doors shall be kept shut except when some person is passing through.

_Mixing._--(_b_) Mixing shall not be done except in an apparatus so closed, or so arranged, and ventilated by means of a fan, as to prevent the entrance of fumes into the air of the mixing room.

_Dipping._--(_c_) Dipping shall not be done except on a slab provided with an efficient exhaust fan, and with an air inlet between the dipper and the slab, or with a hood, so arranged as to draw the fumes away from the dipper, and to prevent them from entering the air of the dipping room.

_Drying._--(_d_) Matches that have been dipped and cannot at once be removed to the drying room shall immediately be placed under a hood provided with an efficient exhaust fan, so arranged as to prevent the fumes from entering the air of the room.

(_e_) Matches shall not be taken to a boxing room not arranged in compliance with sub-section (_f_) of this Rule until they are thoroughly dry, and matches shall not be taken to a boxing room that is so arranged until they are dried so far as they can be before cutting down and boxing.

_Boxing._--(_f_) Cutting down of double-dipped matches and boxing of matches not thoroughly dry shall not be done except at benches or tables provided with an efficient exhaust fan, so arranged as to draw the fumes away from the worker and prevent them from entering the air of the boxing room.

_Mechanical arrangements obviating Hand Labour._--Provided that the foregoing Rule shall not prevent the employment of any mechanical arrangement for carrying on any of the above-mentioned processes if the same be approved by the Chief Inspector as obviating the use of hand labour, and if it be used subject to the conditions (if any) specified in such approval.

Provided further, that if the Chief Inspector shall, on consideration of the special circumstances of any particular case, so approve in writing, all or any of the provisions of the foregoing Rule may be suspended for the time named in such approval in writing.

4. _Phosphorus Paste._--Vessels containing phosphorus paste shall, when not actually in use, be kept constantly covered, and closely fitting covers or damp flannels shall be provided for the purpose.

5. _Appointed Dentist._--(_a_) For the purposes of these Rules the occupier shall appoint, subject to the approval of the Chief Inspector, a duly qualified and registered Dentist, herein termed the Appointed Dentist.

_Suspension._--It shall be the duty of the Appointed Dentist to suspend from employment in any phosphorus process any person whom he finds to incur danger of phosphorus necrosis by reason of defective conditions of teeth or exposure of the jaw.

_Preliminary Examination._--(_b_) No person shall be newly employed in a dipping room for more than 28 days, whether such days are consecutive or not, without being examined by the Appointed Dentist.

_Periodical Examination._--(_c_) Every person employed in a phosphorus process, except persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other thoroughly dry matches, shall be examined by the Appointed Dentist at least once in every three months.

_Special Examination in case of Toothache, etc._--(_d_) Any person employed in the factory complaining of toothache, or a pain or swelling of the jaw, shall at once be examined by the Appointed Dentist.

_Reference of Cases to Certifying Surgeon._--(_e_) When the Appointed Dentist has reason to believe that any person employed in the factory is suffering from inflammation or necrosis of the jaw, or is in such a state of health as to incur danger of phosphorus necrosis, he shall at once direct the attention of the Certifying Surgeon and occupier to the case. Thereupon such person shall at once be examined by the Certifying Surgeon.

6. _Exclusion of Certain Persons from Employment in Phosphorus Processes._--No person shall be employed in a phosphorus process--

after suspension by the Appointed Dentist; or

after the extraction of a tooth; or

after any operation involving exposure of the jawbone; or

after inflammation or necrosis of the jaw; or

after examination by the Appointed Dentist in pursuance of Rule
5 (_d_);

or after reference to the Certifying Surgeon in pursuance
of Rule 5 (_e_), unless a certificate of fitness has
been given, after examination, by signed entry in the health
register, by the Appointed Dentist or by the Certifying Surgeon
in cases referred to him under Rule 5 (_e_).

7. _Health Register. Entries by Occupier._--A health register, in a form approved by the Chief Inspector of Factories, shall be kept by the occupier, and shall contain a complete list of all persons employed in each phosphorus process, specifying with regard to each such person the full name, address, age when first employed, and date of first employment.

_Entries by Certifying Surgeon._--The Certifying Surgeon will enter in the health register the dates and results of his examinations of persons employed in phosphorus processes, and particulars of any directions given by him.

_Entries by Appointed Dentist._--The Appointed Dentist will enter in the health register the dates and results of his examinations of the teeth of persons employed in phosphorus processes, and particulars of any directions given by him, and a note of any case referred by him to the Certifying Surgeon.

_Health Register to be produced when required._--The health register shall be produced at any time when required by H.M. Inspectors of Factories, or by the Certifying Surgeon, or by the Appointed Dentist.

8. _Preliminary Examination by Certifying Surgeon. Certificate of Fitness._--Except persons whose names are on the health register mentioned in Rule 7, and in respect of whom certificates of fitness shall have been granted, no person shall be newly employed in any phosphorus process for more than 28 days, whether such days are consecutive or not, without a certificate of fitness, granted after examination by the Certifying Surgeon, by signed entry in the health register.

This Rule shall not apply to persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other thoroughly dry matches.

9. _Overalls._--The occupier shall provide and maintain sufficient and suitable overalls for all persons employed in phosphorus processes, except for persons employed only as boxers of wax vestas or other thoroughly dry matches, and shall cause them to be worn as directed in Rule 20.

At the end of every day’s work they shall be collected and kept in proper custody in a suitable place set apart for the purpose.

They shall be thoroughly washed every week, and suitable arrangements for this purpose shall be made by the occupier.

10. The occupier shall provide and maintain--

(_a_) _Dining-room._--A dining-room, and

(_b_) _Cloak-room._--A cloak-room in which workers can
deposit clothing put off during working hours.

11. _Food._--No person shall be allowed to prepare or partake of any food or drink in any room in which a phosphorus process is carried on, nor to bring any food or drink into such room.

12. _Lavatory._--The occupier shall provide and maintain for the use of the workers a lavatory, with soap, nail-brushes, towels, and at least one lavatory basin for every five persons employed in any phosphorus process.

Each such basin shall be fitted with a waste-pipe, or the basins shall be placed on a trough fitted with a waste-pipe. There shall be a constant supply of hot and cold water laid on to each basin.

Or, in the place of basins, the occupier shall provide and maintain enamel or galvanised iron troughs, in good repair, of a total length of 2 feet for every five persons employed, fitted with waste-pipes and without plugs, with a sufficient supply of warm water constantly available.

The lavatory shall be kept thoroughly cleansed, and shall be supplied with a sufficient quantity of clean towels twice in each day.

_Additional means of Washing where required._--There shall, in addition, be means of washing in close proximity to the workers in any department, if so required in writing by the Inspector in charge of the District.

13. _Mouth-wash._--The occupier shall provide for the use of every person employed in a phosphorus process an antiseptic mouth-wash approved by the Appointed Dentist, and a sufficient supply of glasses or cups.

14. _Cleansing of Floors._--The floor of each room in which a phosphorus process is carried on shall be cleared of waste at least once a day, and washed at least once a week.

15. _Copy of Rules to be given to Persons Employed._--A printed copy of these Rules shall be given to each person on entering upon employment in a phosphorus process.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

16. _Use of Appliances provided by Occupier under Rule 3._--No person shall work in a mixing, dipping, drying, or boxing room under other conditions than those prescribed in Rule 3.

17. _Phosphorus Paste._--No person shall allow a vessel containing phosphorus paste to remain uncovered except when actually in use.

18. _Medical and Dental Examination._--All persons employed in a phosphorus process shall present themselves at the appointed times for examination by the Certifying Surgeon and Appointed Dentist, as provided in Rules 5, 6, and 8.

19. _Toothache, etc., to be reported. Exclusion from Employment in Phosphorus Processes._--Every person employed in a phosphorus process and suffering from toothache or swelling of the jaw: or having had a tooth extracted, or having undergone any other operation involving exposure of the jaw, shall at once inform the occupier, and shall not resume employment in a phosphorus process without a certificate of fitness from the Appointed Dentist, as provided in Rule 6.

No person, after suspension by the Appointed Dentist, or after reference to the Certifying Surgeon, shall resume employment in a phosphorus process without a certificate of fitness, as provided in Rule 6.

20. _Overalls.-_-Every person employed in a phosphorus process for whom the occupier is required by Rule 9 to provide overalls shall wear while at work the overalls so provided.

21. _Washing._--Every person employed in a phosphorus process shall, before partaking of meals or leaving the premises, deposit the overalls in the place appointed by the occupier for the purpose, and shall thoroughly wash in the lavatory.

22. _Food._--No person shall prepare or partake of food or drink in any room in which a phosphorus process is being carried on, or bring any food or drink into such room.

23. _Means of Removal of Dust and Fumes not to be interfered with._--No person shall in any way interfere, without the knowledge and concurrence of the occupier or manager, with the means and appliances provided for the removal of dust and fumes.

24. _Foremen to Report Neglect of Rules._--Foremen and forewomen shall report to the manager any instance coming under their notice of a worker neglecting to observe these Rules.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_Chief Inspector of Factories_.

M. W. RIDLEY,
_One of Her Majesty’s Principal
Secretaries of State_.

April 1900.

_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the factory to which they apply, where they may
be conveniently read by persons employed. Any person who is
bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in
contravention to them, is liable to a penalty, and in such cases
the occupier also is liable to a penalty, unless he proves that
he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best
of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention
or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)

Form 385.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES, for works in which_
LEAD OR ARSENIC IS USED IN THE TINNING AND ENAMELLING
OF METAL HOLLOW WARE AND COOKING UTENSILS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

_Washing._--They shall provide washing conveniences, with a sufficient supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels; and take measures to secure that every worker wash face and hands before meals and before leaving the works.

_Meals._--They shall see that no food is eaten in any room where the process of tinning or enamelling is carried on.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

_Washing._--Every worker shall wash face and hands before meals and before leaving the works.

_Meals._--No worker shall eat food in any room where the process of tinning or enamelling is carried on.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

_Note._--These Rules must be kept posted up in conspicuous
places in the factory to which they apply, where they may be
conveniently read by the person employed. Any person who is
bound to observe these Rules and fails to do so, or acts in
contravention of them, is liable to a penalty; and in such cases
the occupier also is liable to a penalty unless he proves that
he has taken all reasonable means by publishing, and to the best
of his power enforcing the Rules, to prevent the contravention
or non-compliance. (Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Sections 9
and 11.)

Form 386.

FACTORY AND WORKSHOP ACTS, 1878 TO 1895.

_SPECIAL RULES._

ELECTRIC ACCUMULATOR WORKS.

DUTIES OF OCCUPIERS.

_Bath, Lavatory._--They shall provide a bath and lavatory accommodation, with a plentiful supply of hot and cold water, soap, nail-brushes, and towels.

_Respirators, Overalls._--They shall provide respirators and overall suits for all persons employed in the operation of mixing.

_Gloves and Aprons._--They shall provide gloves and aprons for all persons employed in the occupation of rubbing.

They shall see that the gloves are constantly inspected and renewed when defective.

DUTIES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED.

In cases where the co-operation of the workers is required for carrying out the foregoing Rules, and where such co-operation is not given, the workers shall be held liable in accordance with the Factory and Workshop Act, 1891, Section 9, which runs as follows:--“If any person who is bound to observe any special rules established for any factory or workshop under this Act acts in contravention of, or fails to comply with, any such special rule, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two pounds.”

_Respirators._--A good respirator is a cambric bag with or
without a thin flexible wire made to fit over the nose.

ARTHUR WHITELEGGE,
_H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories_.

INDEX

Abel, Sir Frederick, process of treating gun-cotton, 600;
on tonite, 611.

Aberdeen, granite workers, suffer from chronic bronchitis, 275.

Abruzzi, lathyrism in the, 235.

Académie de Médecine (Paris), 57, 793.

Académie des Sciences (Paris), 114, 434.

Accident Insurance Associations (Germany), 50, 60, 512.

Accidents, in mines, 11, 12, 33, 157, 158, 161, 200, 508–33, 783;
in textile and non-textile industries, 12, 200;
their prevention in factories, 54;
to occupied and unoccupied males, 164;
on sailing- and steam-ships, 184;
on railways, 190–202;
in agriculture, 236, 783;
in electric works, 260;
caused by grindstones, 412, 784;
to bargemen, 530;
well-sinkers, 542;
quarriers, 560;
in manufacture and use of explosives, 601–9;
in tinplate works, 683;
aerated water works, 687, 786;
to eyes, in industrial occupations, 776–87;
in iron and steel works, 777;
boiler, 787.

Acetylene and its dangers, 497–504.

Acne in rag-grinders, 467.

Actinomycosis, disease caused by infected grain, 248.

Addison, Dr, 382.

Adenitis in label-lickers, 803.

Administrative decrees for sanitary regulation of factories in
France and Belgium, 55, 56.

Admiralty adopts eight hours’ day, 8.

Aerated water works, women employed in, 687–90;
Special Rules, 687, 854;
eye accidents in, 786.

Africa, pellagra in, 235.

Africa, South, enteric fever in, 175, 176, 178.

Africa, West Coast of, 171.

After-damp, in mines, 548–53.

Age, mortality of occupations in relation to, 127–29.

Agriculture, 232–37;
machinery accidents in, 236;
eye accidents, 783.

Agriculturists, 120;
mortality tables, 135, 149.

Ague, brassfounders’, 144, 455–62.

Air, of mines, 540–56;
of jute factories, 657;
diseases due to compressed and stagnant (in caissons, tunnels,
etc.), 728–48;
to diminished pressure of, 749;
to concussion of, 752.

Alabaster quarries, 558.

Albuminate of mercury, 437.

Alcohol and fatigue, 113.

Alcoholism, mortality among cutlers, 138, 595;
glass-makers, 139, 595;
chimney sweeps, 146;
musicians, 151;
hatters, 152;
hairdressers, 153;
tailors, 153, 154;
drapers, 154, 155;
shoemakers, 155, 824;
miners, 157, 160, 161, 405;
occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 595, 720;
in mercantile marine, 183, 185;
predisposes to plumbism, 305, 310;
quarriers, 563;
chemical workers, 572;
file-cutters, copper workers, carpenters, earthenware makers,
595;
brewers, 595, 801;
hecklers and roughers, 697;
agriculturists, cotton operatives, 720;
drivers of public vehicles, 798, 801;
publicans and innkeepers, 801;
coal heavers and trimmers, 808.

Alkali Acts, 588, 597.

Alkali, manufacture of, 582;
hours of workers in, 586.

Alkali Union, 586, 588, 589.

Allahabad, lathyrism at, 235.

Allbutt’s _System of Medicine_, 309, 477, 819, 822.

_Allgm. Medic. Central Zeitung_, 474.

Almaden (Spain), quicksilver mines, 434, 438, 538.

Alpaca, 634.

Alpine tunnels, the, 737–43.

Alström, Mr (Rorstrand Potteries, Stockholm), 363.

Amalgamated Brass-Workers’ Association, 461.

Amberite, sporting powder, 619.

Amblyopia, blindness caused by bisulphide of carbon, 473, 768;
by dinitrobenzine, 482;
in tobacco factories, 768, 769.

America, railways in, 197, 198;
all file-cutting done by machinery, 346;
fireclay mines, 399, 400;
mercurial poisoning from hatters furriers’ processes in, 442;
mining accidents, 521, 522;
alkali works in, 598;
telegraphists’ spasm in, 820.

American, or Blake machine, in shoe-factories, 436, 825.

Ammonia soda process, 583.

Ammonite, for blasting, 619.

Ammonium-nitrate explosives, 603, 605, 606, 612, 615, 619.

Ammunition, manufacture of, 602, 603, 606.

Amorphous, or red, phosphorus, 417–19.

Amvis, for blasting, 619.

Anchylosis, 233.

Anchylostomiasis, 16; in miners, 537;
in tunnel miners (“maladie des tunnels”), 743.

Anderson, Miss A. M., 363, 671.

Andes, the, 749.

Andrews, Dr F. W., pathologist at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 400;
on tetanus in jute-workers, 659.

Aneurism, affects sailors, 183, 184;
butchers, slaughterers, and tanners, 246;
(popliteal) common in jockeys and grooms, 245.

Aniline, 483, 591.

Aniline dyes, 317.

Ankle drop, a symptom of plumbism, 306.

_Annales d’Hygiène publique_, 442, 448, 806.

_Annales des Mines de Belgique_, 537.

Annealing, in glass manufacture, 805.

_Annuaire de la Législation du Travail_ (Belgium), 45.

_Annual Register_, 192.

Anthracene, 812.

Anthracosis, or miners’ phthisis, 273;
stokers’, 797.

Anthrax (charbon, splenic fever), 13, 19;
in wool-workers, 148, 244, 634–43;
drovers, shepherds, farmers, farriers, veterinary surgeons,
knackers, slaughterers, fell-mongers, hair- and horn-workers,
rag-sorters, plasterers, furriers, felt-workers,
mattress-makers, 244;
brush-workers, 244, 627;
tanners, 244, 246;
its history, 622;
statistics, 623;
outbreaks and notification of, 625, 626;
grouping of cases, 627;
preventive measures, disinfection and treatment, 629–33, 643;
cutaneous, 636;
pulmonary, 637;
intestinal, 641.

Antimony, smelting of, 270;
poisoning by, 324, 325;
compounds of, 592.

Apoplexy, heat, 171, 175, 180;
the “fireman’s frenzy” of stokers, 183, 184.

Appendicitis, 17.

_Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte_, 320, 368, 436,
448, 625, 632.

Arbitration, and Factory Act of 1901, 5;
the principle of, 32;
for mines, 37, 39;
and Special Rules, 65–71;
match manufacturers, 423.

Arbitration Court at Stoke-on-Trent, 363.

_Archiv. de Med. Milit._, 750.

Ardeer, Scotland, nitro-glycerine explosion at, 609.

Arlidge, Dr, _Hygiene and Diseases of Occupations_, 137, 139, 140,
274, 302, 328, 354, 380, 382, 384, 388, 467, 468, 498, 698,
759;
_The Sanitation of Industries and Occupations_, 396.

Armstrong, Dr Henry E., Medical Officer of Health, Newcastle, 328,
753.

Army, health of the, 166–81.

Arnaud, Dr, Marseilles, 424.

Arsenic, used for colouring purposes, 378;
symptoms and treatment of poisoning by, 455;
compounds of, 592;
its effects on eyes, 770;
Special Rules for extraction of, 831.

Arsenical pyrites, 538.

Arseniuretted hydrogen, 750.

Artificially- _v._ breast-fed children, 85.

Artisans and labourers, working-classes divided into, 111.

Asbestos, 25.

Ashanti Expeditions (1873 and 1895–96), “doctors’ wars,” 173, 180,
181.

Ashley, Lord, 33.

Askam separator, for basic slag, 391.

Asprières, Aveyron, lead mining at, 284.

Asquith, H. H., 75, 354, 462, 468.

Asthma, induced by bichromate, 452;
in rag-sorters, 645;
flax-workers, 698;
sawyers, 791.

Ataxia, locomotor, 802.

Atkinson, Dr, Crewe, 796.

Atkinson, W. N., 541.

Atropin, antidote to mushroom poisoning, 237.

Australia, eight hours’ day in, 7;
anchylostomiasis among miners, 537.

Austria, factory legislation in, 46, 51, 54;
inspectorate in, 47, 48;
powers of health authorities, 49–51;
employment of women after childbirth, 54;
lucifer match industry in, 421, 422.

Austrian Industrial Code, 46.

Automatic couplings, on railways, 193, 197, 201.

Babes, Dr, Bucharest, 244.

Bacteriological Laboratory at Dey, Algiers, 803.

Bagehot, Walter, 64.

Baker, Mr, Chief of Factory Department, 35, 81, 696.

Bakers, death rate, 135, 505.

Ballard, Dr, 392.

Ballistite, 600, 619.

Balloonists, military, 750.

Balmskz, Dr, 481.

Bamberg, Dr, Stockholm, 379.

Bands, scroll- or draw-, 225.

Bargemen, accident death rate, 530.

Barium, compounds of, 592.

Barium nitrate, in explosives, 611.

Barium sulphate, 294, 366.

Barmen, high mortality of, 800.

Barometer-making, 439.

Barracks, military, 168.

Bartholomew, Gilbert, Managing Director of Bryant & May, 432.

Basalt or whinstone quarries, 558.

Basic slag, 276, 390–95;
pulmonary symptoms in grinders of, 393;
silicate of cotton made from refuse, 788.

Batch, fused mass of chrome, ironstone, etc., 449.

Bateman, Dr, 434.

Batley, rag-trade at, 644.

Battelli, Dr, Geneva University, 258.

Bayer, Dr, 284.

Beach, Sir Michael Hicks-, 193.

Beaconsfield, Lord, 192.

Bécourt, M., 448.

Bedson, Professor of Chemistry, Newcastle College of Science, 301,
303, 310, 369.

Bee-stings, among field-workers, 236.

Beetling machines (linen manufacture), 695.

Belfast, centre of linen trade, 695.

Belgian Mills Co., Pearson _v._, 213.

Belgian Superior Council of Labour, 14.

Belgium, colliers’ diseases in, 16;
factory legislation and inspectorate in, 47, 49, 51;
employment of women after childbirth, 53;
use of white phosphorus limited in, 60;
fireclay mining in, 399;
lucifer match industry, 421, 424;
phosphorus necrosis in, 428;
mining accidents, 512, 519;
anchylostomiasis in miners, 537;
alkali works, 598;
miners’ nystagmus in, 764;
chimney sweeps, 811.

Bell, Sir Charles, 815.

Bellhangers, death rate, 755.

Bellite, for blasting, 619.

Belts and mill-gearing, 205, 208–11;
shaftings, pulleys, couplings, etc., 209.

Benefit Societies of the Printers and Type-casters of Vienna, 275.

Benzine, and its dinitro compounds, 475.

Benzine, dry cleaning by, 491–3.

_Berg-, Hütten-, und Salinen-wesen im Preussischen Staate,
Zeitschrift für des_, 518, 537.

_Berg- und Hütten-wesen im Königreiche Sachsen, Jahrbuch für das_,
518.

Beriberi, seamen liable to, 183, 187.

_Berichte über die Verwaltung der Knappschafts-Berufsgenossenschaft_,
517.

Berkfeld, his bacterial filter, 175.

Berlin, printers in, 325;
manufacture of incandescent electric lamps in, 439.

Berlin International Conference on Factories, 40.

_Berlin. Klin. Wochenschrift_, 805.

Bermondsey, case of anthrax in, 629.

Bernard, Claude, 550.

Bert, Paul, French physiologist, 736.

Bertarelli, M., 431.

Berthelot, Professor, 599.

Besançon process for treating white lead, 290, 294.

Bessemer metal, heat of, 772.

Bessemer process of steel manufacture, 758.

Bevel wheels (mill-gearing), 212, 217.

Bichât Hospital, Paris, lead colic patients in, 320.

Bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate), 442, 443.

Bichromate of potassium and sodium (bichromes), lesions resulting
from manufactureand use of, 447–54;
Special Rules for manufacture, 844.

Bilston, hollow ware tinning and enamelling works at, 319.

Birmingham, infant mortality, in, 78;
iron-plate enamelling at, 317;
sheet glass manufacture in, 804.

_Birmingham Medical Review_, 458.

Birmingham, Dr C. L., _Ganister Disease_, 396, 399.

Birtwistle, Hindle _v._, 214.

Bischof process, in white lead manufacture, 292.

Biscuit, earthenware after its first firing, 348, 383.

Bismarck brown pigment, 483.

Bisulphide of carbon, poisoning by, 19, 42, 481;
used in indiarubber works, 470, 855;
causes peripheral neuritis, 472;
and toxic hysteria, 473;
its effects on eyes, 768;
Special Rules for use of, 855.

Bituminous coal mines, America, 522.

Blackbeck, Haverthwaite, gunpowder explosions at, 608, 609.

Blackburn, cotton spinning at, 706;
death rate of cotton operatives in, 718.

Blackburn Observatory, daily records of moisture in weaving sheds,
710.

Black-damp, in mines, 540–45.

Blackman’s ventilating fan, 698.

Blacksmiths, their diseases and death rate, 135, 757.

Blackwall Tunnel, 730.

Blake sole-stitching machine, 436, 825.

Blanket-stoving, 648;
causes bronchitis and emphysema, 649.

Blast furnacemen, their diseases, 756.

Blasting explosives, 559, 619;
fumes produced in mines by, 536;
eye accident from, 784.

Blasting gelatine (nitro-cotton dissolved into nitro-glycerine),
555, 559, 614, 619.

Blaudet, M., 468.

Bleach packers, 577, 578.

Bleaching linen, 695.

Bleaching powder, manufacture of, 574–80;
hours of work, etc., 587.

Blindness, caused by accidents, 776.

Bloomfontein, 178.

Blowing room (cotton spinning), 702.

Blue and white beds, in a lead factory, 289.

Blyth, Wynter, 310.

Board of Trade, and railways, 191–202.

Bobbin-turners (jute works), 652.

Boers, the, 179.

Bohemia, ergotism in, 234;
lucifer match works in, 422.

Boiler Explosives Act, 565.

Boilermakers, their deafness, 752;
their health, 753, 754.

Boilermakers’ Society, 752.

Bolam, Dr R. A., 274, 277, 337, 792.

Bolt-heads and bolts for mill-gearing, 209.

Bones, fragility of, in lucifer match makers, 425.

Bookbinders, death rate, 150.

Bootmaking, 822.

Bottlers, of aerated water, 687;
eye accidents to, 786.

Bouquet, M., 57.

Bourgeois, _La Pustule Maligne et L’Œdème Malin_, 636.

Bournemouth, horses killed by electric shock at, 256.

Boyce, Professor, 629.

Boys, Professor C. V., 259.

Bradford, School Board and Board of Guardians Conference at, 91;
wool industry at, 634.

Brain work, and brain fatigue, 109.

Brakesmen, railway, 195.

Brandt, of Hamburg, discovers white or yellow phosphorus, 418.

Brandt, Brandau et Cie., Zurich, 740.

Brass, manufacture of, 455–66.

Brass-casters, 455, 461.

Brass cocks, buffing of, 371.

Brassfounders’ ague, 144, 455–62.

Brass-workers, death rate, 135, 144;
more unhealthy than copper-, 468;
Special Rules, 850.

Brass-workers’ Organisation, 460.

Brazil, pellagra in, 235.

Breaker card (jute), 653;
(flax), 694.

Breaker-mills, for ganister crushing, 397.

Brewers, death rate, 594, 595, 801.

Brickearth quarries, 558.

Bricklayers, death rate, 135;
eye accidents, 784, 785.

Bridges, Dr, Inspector of Factories, 705.

Bright’s disease, miners subject to, 157.

Brigue (Simplon Tunnel), 740, 741.

Brimstone, blanket-stoving with, 648.

Brine works (Germany), accidents in, 513–15.

_British Association Report_, 538.

British Medical Association, 73, 75, 87, 796.

_British Medical Journal_, 75, 109, 258, 308, 425, 466, 482, 502,
550, 766, 769, 809.

Brocoorens, Dr, Grammont, 424.

Broken Hill, Australia, lead mining at, 283, 538.

Bromsgrove, nail-making at, 759.

Bronchial affections, among porcelain- and cement-makers, masons,
274;
blast furnacemen, 756;
glass-makers, 805.

Bronchitis, in seamen, 183;
field-workers, 234;
Aberdeen granite workers, 275;
typographers, 329, 330;
coal and metal miners, 535;
rag-sorters, 645;
blanket-stovers, 649;
jute-workers, 660;
jam-makers, 680;
occupied and unoccupied males, agriculturists, cotton operatives,
720;
boilermakers, shipwrights, 754;
sawyers, 791;
engine drivers, 796.

Bronzing, dry, 268;
brass, 465.

Brooklyn Suspension Bridge, 731, 734.

Brose, Dr, 773.

Brown, Dr Ed., 26.

Brunel, 191;
his use of caissons, 731.

Brünner, Mond, & Co., 583, 587, 588, 597.

Bruntscliffe, Yorks., gunpowder explosion at Victoria Colliery,
608.

Brush-workers, 244;
anthrax in, 627.

Bryant & May, 425, 427, 432;
their allowance to necrosis patients, 20.

Buchanan, Dr George, Medical Officer Local Government Board, 467,
705.

Buckingham, Duke of, 192.

Buda Pesth, manufacture of incandescent electric lamps at, 439;
steam roller system of milling, 505.

Budd, Dr William, 623.

Buffing, of brass cocks, and plumbism, 371;
of silver, eye affections, 771.

Buhrstone, French, 405–7, 784.

Bulhurst coal seam, North Staff., 555.

_Bulletin de l’Inspection du Travail_ (France), 45, 294.

_Bulletin Médical_, 803.

Bunsen burner, 546.

Burgess, Dr Duncan, Senior Physician, Sheffield Royal Hospital,
409.

Burkitt, Dr, 554.

Burnishers of silver, eye affections, 771.

Burns, John, M.P., 14.

Burslem potteries, 346.

Busquet, Surgeon-Major, French Army, 803.

Butchers, 245.

Butlin, Henry T., Surgeon St Bartholomew’s Hospital, _Cancer of the
Scrotum in Chimney Sweeps_, 809, 811, 812.

Byssinosis, lung disease from inhaling cotton particles, 273.

Cabmen, and alcoholism, 798, 801.

Cage hoists, 220.

Caisson disease (compressed air illness), 537, 728–35;
its treatment, 735.

Caissons, for well-boring, bridge-building, etc., 728–31.

Calcium carbide, 497, 499–501.

Calcott, Dr, Newcastle Asylum at Cox Lodge, 799.

Calender machine, adapted to laundry work, 666.

Calico-printing, 317, 447.

Calliard or ganister stone, 396.

Calomel (the subchloride of mercury), 442, 443.

Camel’s wool or hair, 634.

Campbell and Greenwood’s guard, 229.

Camphor, 792.

Canada, use of corundum stone in, 813.

Cancer, affects glass-makers, 139;
chimney sweeps, 146, 809;
wool-workers, 148;
bookbinders, 150;
shoemakers, 155;
miners, 158, 161, 162;
occupied and unoccupied men, 164;
field-workers, 234;
gardeners, 237;
boilermakers, and shipwrights, 754;
workers in tar and paraffin, 812.

Cannonite, 619.

Carbide of calcium, 497, 499–501.

Carbon, all explosives contain, 610.

Carbon bisulphide, _see_ bisulphide of carbon.

Carbon monoxide, 610;
in tunnels, 744.

Carbonate of lead (_céruse_), 288, 292.

Carbonators, 291.

Carbonic acid (carbon dioxide), in mines, 544–46;
in weaving sheds, 713;
in tunnels, 744.

Carbonic anhydride, 610.

Carbonic oxide, or carbon monoxide, 536, 548–55.

Carbonising, process applied to cotton rags, 646.

Carbonite, blasting explosive, 555, 620.

Carding, jute, 653;
flax, 698;
cotton, 703.

Cardio-vascular disease, in quarriers, 563.

Carmarthen, tinplate works at, 681.

Carotting, brushing rabbit skins, 438, 441, 442, 446.

Carpenters, death rate, 594, 595;
subject to contracted tendons, hernia, varicocele, 791.

Carpet manufacturers, death rate, 135.

Carr, Henry, _Our Domestic Poisons_, 379.

Carragheen moss, Irish, 695.

Carriage wheels, 225.

Cartmen, 238.

Casters, printing trade, lead dust, 275;
transfer making, 455, 461.

Castings of iron or steel, 780.

Casualties at sea, 184.

Catania, 112.

Cataract, in glass blowers, 773, 806.

Cats, diphtheria caught from, 247;
experiments with benzine and toluene on, 476.

Cattani, discovers tetanus bacilli, 241.

Cattle, anthrax in, 624.

Caustic soda, manufacture of, 573.

“Cavalryman’s leg,” 245.

Celluloid, manufacture of, 792.

Cement dust, diseases caused by, 274.

Centanni, Professor, and hydrophobia, 244.

_Céruse_ (carbonate of lead), 288, 292.

Ceylon, 173.

Chabert, Dr, 623.

Chadwick, Sir Edwin, 26.

Chaff-cutting machines, 224;
eye accidents, 783.

Chain and nail making, 758.

Chalicosis, or silicosis, lung disease due to dust, etc., 273.

Chalk quarries, 558.

Chamberland, Pasteur-, his bacterial filter, 175.

_Chambers’ Encyclopædia_, 399.

Chance’s process, in sulphur manufacture, 582.

Charbon or anthrax, _see_ anthrax.

Charcoal, 811.

Charcot, Dr, 481.

Chauveau, M.A., 114, 630.

Chemical industry, causes of its decline in England, 5;
its decay on Tyneside, 6;
a survey of, 566–98;
table of average hours of labour and wages in, 585;
output method of wage-paying, 589;
health of workers in, 592–98;
Special Rules for, 843.

Chepstow, use of caissons at, 731.

Chert quarries, 558.

Cheshire salt mines, 508.

Chester, tobacco factory at, 769.

Chevallier, Dr, 448.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 478.

Chick-pea (lathyrus), 235.

Child-birth, employment of women in factories after, 53, 54.

Child-labour, 90–97.

Children, high mortality of lead-workers’, 303.

Children’s Employment Commission (1862), Report of, 35.

Chimney sweeps, death rate, 135, 145;
cancer in, 146, 809;
pulmonary, kidney, and heart disease in, 808;
their ablutions, 811.

China, or porcelain, 349.

China clay, 347, 382, 558.

China manufacturers, 36, 43;
death rate, 135;
liable to pulmonary disease and phthisis, 382–89;
Special Rules for, 834–41.

China-red powder, 370.

Chipping in iron and steel works, 779–82.

Chlorate of potass, 419, 420.

Chlorate mixtures, as explosives, 602.

Chlorine, 574–80, 583.

Choquet, Dr, 326.

Chromate of lead, 315.

Chromate of potassium, Special Rules for manufacture of, 844.

Chrome dyes, 315–17.

Chrome holes, ulcers caused by bichromate, 453.

Chrome ironstone, 449.

Chromo-lithographic works and transfer making, 365.

Cigar manufacture, 793;
a proper industry for women, 795.

Cincinnati, tobacco works in, 769.

_Cincinnati Lancet Clinic_, 769.

Cinnabar, 434;
extraction of quicksilver from, 438.

Circular saw, 227.

Circulatory diseases, among gunsmiths, steel-, zinc-, and
brass-workers, chimney sweeps, coopers, wood-turners, rope
makers, bricklayers, masons, carpet makers, tin- and
wool-workers, locksmiths, bakers, 135;
blacksmiths, 135, 757;
earthenware- and china-workers, 135, 136, 595;
glass-makers, 135, 139, 595;
copper-workers, 135, 140, 595;
iron-workers, 135, 141;
lead-workers, 135, 143, 595;
stone quarriers, 135, 143;
cutlers, file-makers, cotton operatives, 135, 595;
bookbinders, 150;
printers, musicians, 151;
miners, 158, 161;
brewers, carpenters, chemical workers, 595;
occupied and unoccupied males, 595, 720;
agriculturists, 720;
boilermakers and shipwrights, 754.

Cirrhosis of liver, in barmen, 801.

Cirrhosis of lung (potters’ phthisis), 389.

Classification of industries, 123.

Clay quarries, 558.

Claybury Asylum, Essex, 308.

Clichy (France), white lead works at, 311, 312.

Climbing boys, in chimney sweeping, 810, 811.

_Clinical Journal_, 746.

Cloth manufacture, 644.

Clowes, _Detection of Inflammable Gas_, 546.

Coachmen, liable to glanders and farcy, 238.

Coachpainters, and plumbism, 338.

Coal, four kinds of heating, 811.

Coal-dust, an explosive agent, 526.

Coal heavers and trimmers, subject to alcoholism, phthisis, and
pulmonary diseases, 808.

Coal miners, comparison of night and day shift work, 9;
and Workmen’s Compensation Act, 10, 11;
death rate of, 158;
technical education of, 529;
their diseases, 533–39;
more healthy than metal-, 534;
nystagmus, 761–64;
eye accidents to, 783.

Coal mines, accidents in,--Germany, 511–19;
France, 512, 520;
Belgium, 512, 519;
Italy, 520;
America, 521;
England, 523–28;
death rate from explosions, 525;
falls of coal and roof (“backbye” accidents), 526, 527;
safety lamps, 527;
transport and shaft accidents, 528;
explosions and explosives in, 548, 615–18.

Coal Mines Act (1850 and 1855), 33;
(1860), 34, 199;
(1872), 34, 37;
(1881 and 1887), 38;
Regulation Act, 511, 517, 529.

Coal Mines, Royal Commission (1862–4) on, 38.

Coalport China Co., 360.

Coal tar, in indiarubber work, 470;
its products, 590;
eye accidents from, 770.

Cobalt, oxide of, 348.

Colefax, M., 363.

Colic, an early symptom of plumbism, 15, 305;
of electricians, 320;
file-cutters, 343;
brass-workers, 460;
copper-workers, 468.

Collars, for mill-gearing, 209.

Collings, Jesse, 361.

Colour grinders, lead insanity, 308;
mixers, and plumbism, 335.

Colour and paint factories, 447;
Special Rules for, 831.

Combe’s method, for treating white lead, 290, 313.

_Comité Consultatif d’Hygiène_, 294.

_Commission Supérieure du Travail dans l’Industrie_, 49.

Compensation Acts, Workmen’s, 224.

Compositors, _see_ typographers.

Compositors, London Society of, 328;
Mortality Table, 330.

Compressed and stagnant air, diseases due to working in, 728–48.

Concussion of the air, effects of, 752.

Conductors, of electricity, 251, 252.

Confectioners, death rate, 135;
liable to caries of the teeth, ophthalmia, etc., 798.

_Congrès International des Accidents du Travail_ (Brussels), 14.

Conjunctivitis, due to dusty occupations, 783;
to lime, 785.

_Conseil de Salubrité_, 36.

Converters, in steel works, 757.

Cooks, in mercantile marine, 189;
health of domestic, 798.

Coopers, death rate, 135.

Cope Bros., tobacco manufacturers, 769.

Copper, arsenites of, 379.

Copper-miners, death rate, 156, 162;
a healthy occupation, 538.

Copper-smelting, 466–69.

Copper-workers, death rate, 135, 139, 594, 595;
their occupation less dangerous than that of brass-, 468.

Cops, for jute yarn, 654.

_Corchorus capsularis, C. olitarus_, jute fibre obtained from, 650.

Cordite, 599, 600, 619.

Cornbrook, Manchester, lyddite explosion at, 609.

Cornish clay, 347, 382.

Cornwall, tin miners, 162;
liable to phthisis, bronchitis, and pneumonia, 535;
intermarriage among quarriers in, 562.

Corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury), 437, 442, 443.

Corundum stone, for emery wheels, 813.

Cotton, manufacture of, 702–23.

Cotton Cloth Factories Act, 679, 706, 713.

Cotton dust, 276, 715.

Cotton factories, standard purity of air in, 41;
machinery in, 703;
humidity of the air in, 707–14.

Cotton famine in Lancashire, 75.

Cotton operatives, death rate, 135, 147;
(Blackburn), 721.

Cotton powder, or tonite, 620.

Cotton rags, 644.

Council of Hygiene (Paris), 327.

Couplings, automatic, on railways, 193, 197, 201;
for mill-gearing, 209.

Courtois, 293.

Courtois-Suffit, Dr, 431.

Coventry, prostration of trade (1861) in, 75;
sale of Godfrey’s cordial and opiates in, 79, 80.

Cowmen, 246, 247.

Cowpox, or vaccinia, cowmen and dairymaids liable to, 246.

Cows, communicate tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and
ringworm, 247.

Cradley Heath, chain making at, 759.

Craig, Montrose, nitro-glycerine explosion at, 607, 608.

Cramp, W. D., Factory Inspector, 354, 695.

Cranes, winches, etc., 221.

Crarae Quarry, Loch Fyne, gunpowder explosion at, 611.

Crèche, the, its proper sphere, 83;
for flax-workers, 701.

Cripps, Mr, K.C., 363.

Crocus, a fine powder for polishing steel, 411.

Crommelin, Louis, sketch of the Irish linen trade, 691.

Crouch ware, 347.

Cumberland, ironstone mines, 161;
lead mines, 283.

Cummings, D. C., Secretary Boilermakers’ Society, 753.

Cundill, Colonel, 607.

Cunningham, Dr George, 417.

Curgenven, Mr, 80.

Curing, in indiarubber works, 768.

Currents, electrical, 251.

Curtis’ and Harvey’s sporting powder, 611.

Cutlers, death rate, 135, 137, 594, 595.

Cutler’s glazer, or emery wheel, 412, 777, 813.

Cutlery, scale tang, 413.

Cyanide of potassium, in gold mining, 509;
in glazed ware, 807.

Cyanides, the, 592.

Cymmer, Glamorganshire, dynamite explosion at, 608.

Dairymaids, 246, 247.

Dangerous trades, or industries, historical sketch of legislation
for, 24–43;
their regulation in chief countries of Europe, 44–62;
Special Rules for, 59, 827–64;
principles of prospective legislation for, 63–72.

Dangerous Trades Committee, 14, 57, 68, 260, 316, 338–40, 342, 343,
345, 346, 405, 406, 687, 757, 758, 784, 786, 789, 803, 813.

D’Arsonval, Dr, 258, 263.

Darwin, 94.

Davaine, and the anthrax bacillus, 623.

Davidson’s ventilating fan, 698.

Davis, Bremner, 258.

Deacon’s process for treating bleaching powder, 575, 578–80.

Deafness, in jute-workers, 660;
boilermakers and riveters, 752.

Dealers in alcoholic drinks, high mortality of, 800.

Deane, Miss, Factory Inspector, 302, 442.

Dearden, Dr, Manchester, 425.

_Decennial Supplements to Reports of Registrar-General_, 118–28,
150, 389, 525, 530, 717, 719.

Decorators, lead insanity in, 308.

Decrees for sanitary regulation of factories in France and Belgium,
55, 56.

Deepcar, near Sheffield, ganister works at, 784.

Deer and anthrax, 624.

Delpech and Hillairet, _Memoire ... des chromates_, 448, 452.

Denmark, inspectorate in, 49;
ventilation of factories in, 51;
employment of women after childbirth, 54;
use of white phosphorus interdicted in, 421.

Derby, Lord, 191.

Derbyshire mines, 158–60;
pig-lead in, 283.

Dermatoconiosis, skin disease caused by dust, 268;
flax-workers subject to, 269, 699.

Desilvering of lead, 287.

Destructors, dust, 279.

Detonators, 602, 603, 605, 606.

_Deutsche Milit. Zeitschrift_, 751.

_Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie_, 812.

Devon, tin mines, 162;
clay, 347.

Dhobie itch, a complaint among soldiers in India, 176.

Diabetes, in drapers, 154;
miners, 158;
engine drivers, 796;
publicans, etc., 802.

Diamond Match Co., Liverpool, 429.

Diarrhœa, seamen subject to, 185.

_Dictionary of Explosives_, 599.

Digestive diseases, in glass-makers, 139, 595;
iron and steel workers, 141;
lead-workers, 143, 595;
quarriers, 144, 563;
brass-workers, 145;
wool-workers, 148;
printers, musicians, 151;
tailors, 154;
ironstone miners, 161;
typographers, 275;
brewers, 595;
cutlers, file-cutters, carpenters, chemical workers, earthenware
makers, 595;
occupied and unoccupied men, 720;
engine drivers, 796.

Dijon Academy, 293.

Dilke, Sir C. W., 14.

Dinas rock, 396.

Dingle, Dr, Medical Officer of Health, Middlesborough, 394.

Dinitrobenzine, its effects on makers of high explosives, 475–90.

Dinitrobenzol, 615, 619;
manufacture of, 765–67;
its effect on the eyes, 766.

Dinitronaphthalene, 619.

Dinitrotoluene, 476.

Dioxide, sulphur, 580, 581.

Diphtheria, caused by cows’ milk and cats, 247.

Dippers (pottery), 383;
(brass), 465;
(dinitrobenzol manufacture), 765.

Disease, dust as a cause of occupation, 267–77.

Disease, industrial, various definitions of, 14, 15;
good effects of notification of, 22.

Diseases of Animals Act, 624.

Distoma hepaticum, or liver fluke, in shepherds, 249.

Districts, industrial, agricultural, mining, 120.

Divers’ paralysis, 746;
its treatment, 748.

Dock labourers, death rate from accidents, 530;
anthrax in, 628.

Doffer knife, for flax, 694.

Doffers, mill fever and skin eruptions in, 699.

Domestic servants, subject to ulceration of stomach, 798.

Dominion Carbide Works (Ottawa), 501.

Don, Valley of the, centre of the ganister-crushing industry, 396.

Donaldson, 97.

Dorset clay, 347.

Douchy mine (France), 730.

Dowling, _Influence of Tobacco on Vision; some Investigations made
in Tobacco Manufactories of Cincinnati_, 769.

Downcast shaft (mines), 540.

Drapers, death rate, 154.

Draw- or scroll-bands, 225.

Drawers, in cotton spinning, 703.

Dreschfeld, Dr, 481.

Dressing in iron and steel works, 779.

Drivers of public vehicles, subject to alcoholism, gout,
rheumatism, etc., 798.

Driving belts, for mill-gearing, 211.

Drovers, anthrax in, 244.

Dry bronzing, 268.

Dry grinders, mortality of, 409, 415, 416.

Drysalting hides and skins, Special Rules for, 856.

Dubini, of Milan, 743.

Dublin, shock from electric lamp at, 257.

Dudfield, Dr, 280.

Dudley, hollow ware manufacture at, 319;
chain making at, 759.

Dundee, chief jute manufacture seat, 651–62.

Dupré, Dr, 613, 716, 767.

Dupuytren’s contraction, in field-workers, 233;
gardeners, 237;
quarriers, 564.

Durham, coal mines in, 158–60;
lead mines, 283, 284.

Durham County Hospital, 808.

Dust as a cause of occupation diseases, 267–77.

Dust destructors, 279.

Dust-producing occupations, 134–65;
their relative mortality, 135.

Dust women, 278–81.

Dye works, poisoning in, 315–17;
and eye troubles, 770;
Special Rules for, 850.

Dyeing, 447.

Dynamite, 556, 559, 600, 614, 620;
gelatine, 559, 599, 600, 620.

Dynamos, 251.

Dysentery, among soldiers, 174, 177;
sailors, 183, 185.

E.C. powder, 619.

Ear affections, in quarrymen, 563.

Earle, Sir James, edition of Percivall Pott’s _Works_, 237.

Earthenware manufacture, 35, 36, 43;
death rate in, 135, 594, 595;
and plumbism, 360;
Special Rules for, 834–41.

East London, anthrax cases in, 627.

_Economic Journal_, 278, 795.

Eczema, 270.

Edge runner mills, 390, 391.

_Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal_, 434, 482.

Edwards, James H., ship-repairer, South Shields, 495.

Egypt, 171.

Egyptian flax, 699.

Egyptians, anthrax the “grievous murrain” of the, 622;
as glass makers, 804.

Ehrenfield, glass-makers at, 806.

Eissler, Professor, 599.

Electric accumulator works and lead poisoning, 320;
Special Rules for, 863.

Electric, baths, 375–77;
currents, 251;
generating works, 250–66;
generators, 208;
incandescent lamp manufacture, 439;
light, its effect on eyes, 773–75;
tramways, 323;
welding, its effect on eyes, 774.

Electric shock, deaths from, 253–60;
suggestions for treating apparent death from, 263.

Electrical furnaces, 497;
meters, 440.

_Electrical Review_, 258, 263.

Electrical treatment in plumbism, 315, 373–77.

Electrolysis of salt, 583.

Electronite, for blasting, 619.

Electroplating, 440.

Elterwater, Westmoreland, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Elvatka guard, 227.

Emery rock, imported from Smyrna and Naxos, 813.

Emery wheel, or cutler’s glazer, 412, 773, 813.

Emphysema, in seamen, 183;
porcelain- and cement-makers, masons, 274;
millers, bakers, 505;
blanket-stovers, 649;
jute-workers, 660.

Employers’ Associations (France), 55.

Employers’ Liability Act (1880), 9, 20, 565.

Employment of Boys in the Sweeping of Chimneys in England Acts,
812.

Enamelling, of iron plates, 317;
of hollow ware, 319;
Special Rules for, 833, 848, 863.

Encephalopathy, cerebral type of plumbism, 288, 307, 326, 366, 369.

_Encyclopédie d’Hygiène_, 325.

Engine drivers, their diseases, 796, 797.

Engine-makers, death rate, 755.

Engines, steam-, gas-, and oil-, 206.

England, the pioneer of factory legislation, 3;
causes of decline of chemical and metallurgical industries in, 5;
lagging behind in factory legislation, 45;
decay of lead mining in, 283;
white lead made by _old Dutch_ process in, 288.

_English Sanitary Science_, 76.

Enteric fever, 174;
among soldiers, 177–79;
sailors, with table of mortality, 187, 188;
among field-workers, 234;
boilermakers and shipwrights, 754.

Enteroconiosis, gastro-intestinal lesion caused by dust, 268, 273.

Epernon, Seine Valley, buhrstone imported from, 405.

Equalised Druids Society, 776.

Ergograph, instrument for estimating muscular work, 105.

Ergotism, disease caused by spurred rye, 234.

Erith, gunpowder explosion at, 607, 608.

Erysipelas, in butchers, slaughterers, tanners, 245;
upholsterers, 789.

Erysipelatous anthrax, 636.

Ethane, fire-damp in mines, 546.

Eulenberg, Dr, 324, 794.

Europe, use of phosphorus in, 421.

Expert-Besançon et Cie., Paris, their process for treating white
lead, 290, 294.

Explosions in collieries, 548.

Explosives, comparative safety of manufacture of, 17;
high, 475–90;
nitro-glycerine, 536;
gases from, 555;
in quarries, 559;
and explosions, 599–620;
Special Rules for manufacture of, 842.

Explosives Act, 565.

Eye diseases, caused by dinitrobenzine, 482;
in quarries, 564;
glass-makers, 806;
accidents, in industrial occupations, 776–87.

Faber, Dr, 325.

Factories, and the Workmen’s Compensation Act (1897), 12, 13;
survey of legislation for, 44–62;
ventilation and lighting in, 51;
prevention of accidents in, 54;
employment of mothers in, 73 _et seq._;
machinery in, 205.

Factory and Workshop Acts (1802 and 1833), 31;
(1844), 31, 41;
(1864 and 1867), 35, 36;
(1871), 35;
(1878), 35, 36, 64, 214, 220, 464, 564;
(1883), 39;
(1889), 40, 41;
(1891), 4, 40, 41, 58, 99, 199, 205, 214, 220, 461, 465, 564,
827;
(1895), 41, 71, 99, 101, 203, 626;
(1901), 4, 199, 205, 213, 218, 697, 829.

Factory Acts, 28;
first extended to women, 32;
and the British Constitution, 63;
Special Rules under, 829–64.

Factory Bill of 1901, 47, 71.

Factory Commission (1875), 36, 80.

Factory Inspectorate, organised by Act of 1884, 31;
in various countries, 47–49.

Factory labour and infant mortality, 73–89.

Factory legislation, England the pioneer of, 3;
improves trade and conditions of labour, 5;
and effects of particular trades on health, 22;
Acts of 1802 and 1833, the landmarks of, 31;
its progress, 34;
laundries included in, 42;
England lagging behind in, 45;
Royal Commission (1876) on, 47;
home-work not controlled by, 99.

Fans for removal of dust, in steel-grinding, 411, 413, 777;
in lucifer match works, 420;
in hatters furriers’ processes, 446.

Faradic current, 481.

Farcy, in man, 240.

Farmers, mortality table, 128, 135, 244.

Farr, Dr, 118, 127, 136.

Farriers, anthrax in, 244.

Fascia, contraction of the palmar, 233, 237, 564.

Fatigue, its causes, 106;
and alcohol, 43.

Faversham, gunpowder explosion at Hall’s Factory, 608.

Fawcus, H. B., Royal Army Medical Corps, 733.

Feathers, induce ophthalmia and lung disease, 790.

Federal Council, Germany, 46, 48, 58, 61.

Federated Trades Council, 345.

Fell-mongers, anthrax in, 244.

Fell-workers, anthrax in, 244;
dust, 276.

Felspar, 347, 348.

Fencing, of machinery, 203–31;
of quarries, 565.

Fenton potteries, 346.

Fergusson, Sir James, 81.

Fettling, in iron and steel works, 779.

Fibrosis of lung, 272;
in potters, 387;
in ganister crushers, 396.

Field work, and maternity, 81.

Fieldworkers, their bodily ills, 405.

“Fiery” coal seams, 547.

Fierté-sous-Jouarre, buhrstone imported from, 405.

File-cutters, death rate, 135, 138, 594, 595;
dust diseases of, 275;
lead insanity, 308;
plumbism, 341, 770;
machinery _v._ hand, 341.

Fillers, in dinitrobenzol works, 765.

Filters, 175.

Finisher card (jute works), 653.

Finishers of silver, subject to eye affections, 771.

Fireclay, 399;
principal constituents of, 400.

Fire-damp in mines, 546–48.

Firemen, _see_ engine drivers.

Fire-stink, 554.

Fireworks, manufacture of, 602, 603, 605.

Firing ware, risks incurred in, 383.

Fish-curing, 673–78.

Fitters (iron works), 755.

Flax, 25, and linen, 691–701;
process of manufacture, 693;
bleaching, 695.

Flax-workers, skin diseases of, 269, 276;
liable to phthisis, ophthalmia, asthma, etc., 696, 698;
Special Rules for, 848.

Flint quarries, 558.

Flock fever, 466.

Flour mills, 505–7.

Fluke, liver (distoma hepaticum), in shepherds, 249.

Fly-wheels, engine, 207.

Folliculitis, in doffers, 699.

Fontaine, M., 57.

Foot-and-mouth disease, transmitted to man, 247.

Ford, Colonel, Chief Inspector of Explosives, 613.

Forecastles, in mercantile marine, 182, 186.

Forgemen, their health, 757.

Forks, strap-, 217.

Forth Bridge, 731, 732.

Fosbroke, G. H., Medical Officer of Worcestershire, 234.

Foster, Dr C. Le Neve, _Ore and Stone Mining_, 538, 554.

Foulkes, Mr, 80.

Fournier, of Dijon, 622.

Fournière, M., 113.

Fox, Francis, _The Great Alpine Tunnels_, 737.

Foxdale lead mines (Isle of Man), 545.

France, match industry in, 20, 421;
manufacture of white lead, 36;
factory inspectorate, 47, 48;
ventilation of factories, 51;
lead poisoning in potteries, 57, 58;
ergotism in, 234;
pellagra and lathyrism in, 235;
lead mining, 284;
zinc white _v._ white lead, 293;
_colique sèche_ in navy, 335;
pottery glaze used in, 359;
fireclay mining, 399;
phosphorus necrosis in, 428;
ceased to use yellow phosphorus, 429;
a _sans phosphore_ match, 431;
mining accidents, 512, 520;
alkali works, 598;
mine explosions, 615;
chimney sweeping in, 811.

Frankl-Hochwart, Professor, 822.

Freestone quarries, 558.

Fredreich’s _Blätter für gerichtliche Medicin_, 486.

Fritted lead, 349, 354, 356, 358, 363–65, 383;
standard solubility of, 357, 364.

Fromm, Dr, 325.

Fruit-preserving, 678.

Fulminate of mercury, 559, 602, 603, 620.

Fulton, Dr, 819.

Fung Shui, 174.

Fur-brushing dust, 276.

Furnacemen, blast and puddling, their diseases, 756.

Furriers, 244;
diseases of nails in, 270.

Fur-pullers, maladies of, 724, 725.

Furness, Inveraray, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Fürth, mirror-silvering at, 435, 437, 441.

Fuses, 602.

Galena (sulphide of lead), 286, 347, 348, 360, 361, 538, 784.

Galezowski, _Des Amblyopias, etc._, 768, 770.

Galicia, match works in, 422.

Galloway, Professor W., 526.

Galvano-caustic method of glazing ware, 807.

Ganister (calliard) crushing and mining, risks of, 396–404;
condition of miner’s lung, 401, 404.

Gardeners, death rate, 129;
and Dupuytren’s contraction, 237;
subject to cancer, 237, 810.

Garman, Dr, Bryant & May’s Medical Officer, 425–27.

Gartsherrie (Scotland), fireclay mines at, 400.

Gas engines, 206;
safety starting-gear for, 208.

Gases from explosives, 555.

Gasfitters, lead insanity in, 308;
“gassing” symptoms, 333;
death rate, 755.

Gasmeter-makers, lead insanity in, 308.

Gastro-intestinal lesion (enteroconiosis), caused by dust, 273.

Gatebeck, Kendal, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Gautier, Dr Armand, 311;
on house-painters’ plumbism in Paris, 333.

Gelatine, blasting, 555, 559, 614, 619;
dynamite, 559, 599, 600, 620.

Gelignite, 555, 559, 620.

Generating stations, electric, 250.

_Génie Civil._, 745.

Germany, factory legislation and inspectorate in, 46, 47, 51;
powers of health authorities, 51;
employment of women after childbirth, 54, 88;
prevention of accidents in factories, 54;
Special Rules for dangerous trades, 59;
Trade Accident Associations, 55;
letterpress printing works in, 61;
ergotism in, 234;
Imperial Health Office, 320, 325;
inquiry into labour conditions in electric accumulator works,
320;
fireclay mining in, 399;
lucifer match industry, 422;
bichromate factories, 448, 449, 453;
mining accidents, 511–18;
metal- safer than coal-mining in, 519;
manufacture of coal-tar products, 590;
alkali works, 598;
mine explosives in, 616;
anthrax, 625, 632;
chimney sweeps in, 811.

Geroult, M., 339.

Gibb, Mr, General Manager N. E. Railway, 200.

Gillinder, Mr, 328.

Glamorgan, tinplate works in, 681.

Glanders, in man, 238;
in animals, 239.

Glasgow, chemical industry meeting at, 5;
file-cutting in, 340;
fireclay worked near, 399;
anthrax outbreak in, 625.

Glassblowers, and cataract, 773;
“glass-blowers’ mouth,” 805.

Glassmakers, 36;
death rate, 135, 139, 594, 595;
their risks, 804–807;
and cataract, 806.

Glass-polishers, and plumbism, 339.

Glass ware, new method of making hollow, 807.

Glazed ware, poisonous, 807.

Glazes, for pottery, 353–63, 368.

Glazing, of cutlery, 412.

Glibert, Dr, Medical Inspector, Labour Office, Belgium, 269, 270,
698;
his definition of industrial disease, 15.

Glost placers (pottery), 384.

Goatskins, and anthrax, 628.

Goat’s wool, or hair (mohair), 634.

Gob-stink, 554.

Godfernaux, Raymond, 745.

Godfrey’s cordial, 79.

Goelet, Dr, 258, 263.

Gold and silver extraction, 440.

Gouda, Holland, galena used for glazing at, 360.

Gould, Edward, Factory Inspector, 392, 789.

Gout, in tailors, 154;
gardeners, 237;
butchers, 246;
occupied males, brewers, file-cutters, carpenters, earthenware-
and glass-makers, 595;
drivers of public vehicles, 798;
publicans, etc., 802.

Gowers, _Diseases of the Nervous System_, 815, 817.

Graham, Sir James, 191.

Grainers, lead insanity in, 308.

Grammont, Belgium, match factory at, 424.

Grand Committee on Trade (1902), 43.

Granger, Dr, 234.

Granite, dust, 274;
quarries, 559.

Graphite quarries, 558.

Gravel quarries, 558.

Graveri, Dr G., of Villanova-Sollaro, 431.

Gravesend (floating magazine), detonators explosion at, 608;
fireworks explosion at, 609.

Grease, or horsepox, 245, 246.

Great Britain, mining accidents in, 523.

Greek lead ore, 283.

Greenhow, Dr Headlam, 29, 77–79, 83, 137, 144, 382, 457–60.

Greenock, gunpowder explosion in the barque “Auchmountain” off,
609.

Grinders of cutlery and other steel implements, 408;
mortality of, 409, 414–16;
subject to phthisis, asthma, “rot,” 409, 410, 414;
eye accidents to, 777.

Grinding-stones, 411, 412, 416, 784;
wheels, 412–15.

Grindley, W. H., 363, 365.

Grooms, subject to glanders, 238;
popliteal aneurism, 245.

Grotto del Cane, carbonic acid in, 546.

Guard, for engine fly-wheels, 207;
shuttle, 226;
Elvatka, 227;
Longmore’s, 228;
Victor, 228;
Woodhouse and Mitchell’s, 229;
Campbell and Greenwood’s, _ibid._;
against eye accidents in factories, 785.

Guards, goods (railways), 195.

Gubler, 423.

Guerrini, Dr Guido, 110.

Guggenbauer, 276.

Guinard, Dr, 806.

_Gulstonian Lectures_, 304.

Gun-cotton (cellulose hexa-nitrate), 555, 599, 600, 604, 610, 611,
619.

Gunpowder, 555, 559, 599, 600, 602, 603, 605, 606, 610, 611.

Gunsmiths, death rate, 135, 145.

Guttmann, Professor, 599.

Guy, Dr, 130.

Guy and Ferrier, _Forensic Medicine_, 460.

Gypsum quarries, 558.

Hacklemakers, jute works, 652.

Hæmoglobin, 550–552.

Hæmoglobinæmia, 484.

Hafting of knives, 412.

Hairdressers, death rate, 152.

Hair workers, and anthrax, 244.

Haldane, Dr John, 484, 544;
_Causes of Death in Colliery Explosions and Fires_, 548.

Half-timers, decadence of the system, 7, 93;
arrested mental development of, 95.

Halifax, carpet making at, 635.

Halkyn, Flintshire, gun-cotton explosion at, 611.

Hall, Dr Arthur, 409.

Hall, H., 526.

Hall, Dr J. C., Sheffield, 343, 411, 415.

Halstead’s “Patent Unbreakable Square-hole Solid-ended Grub Screw,”
215.

Hamilton, Dr, Certifying Surgeon for Cookstown, 698.

Hammermen’s paralysis, 757;
spasm, 821.

Hamstead Colliery, Staff., 545.

_Handbook of Service Explosives_, 599.

Hanley potteries, 346.

Hanover, chimney sweeps in, 811.

Hargreave’s “Mule Carriage Wheel Guard,” 225.

Harris’s patent, 336.

Hart, Ernest, 79.

Harting, Dr, 538.

Hartlepool, horse killed by electric shock at, 256.

Harvey’s sporting powder, 611.

Hasenclever apparatus, for bleach, 579.

Hatters, death rate, 152.

Hatters furriers’ processes, mercurial poisoning in, 441;
remedial measures, 446.

Head, Sir George, _Home Tour_, 644.

Heart disease, in potters, earthenware and china makers, 136;
cutlers, 138;
gunsmiths, 145;
sweeps, 146, 808;
tailors, 154;
drapers, shoemakers, 155;
occupied and unoccupied men, 164, 720;
soldiers, 169, 170;
sailors, 183, 184;
field workers, 232, 234, 720;
cotton operatives, 720;
puddling furnacemen, 756;
blacksmiths and forgemen, 757;
brewers, 801.

Heat apoplexy, 171, 175, 180;
the “fireman’s frenzy” of stokers, 183, 184.

Heathcote, Dr, 448.

Hecklers, flax, 693;
phthisis and bronchial troubles in, 696–98;
alcoholism, 697.

Heckling machines, 693.

Hedgers, eye accidents to, 783.

Hedley, Dr, Inspector of Mines, 11, 258.

Heidelberg, epidemic of idiopathic tetany in, 822.

Heinzerling, Ch., _Gefahren und Krankheiten in der chemischen
Industrie_, 444.

Heise, Dr, 449, 550.

Hemianæsthesia, 481.

Helmholtz, German physiologist, 106.

Hemp dust, 276.

Hernia, 19;
sailors, 183, 184;
field workers, 236;
butchers, etc., 245;
carpenters, 791.

Herodsfoot, Liskeard, gunpowder explosion at, 608.

Herrings, Scotch-cured, 674.

Hersent, French engineer at Bordeaux, 734.

Hesse, Dr, 538.

Hides and skins, anthrax and, 621–33;
dry-salting, Special Rules for, 856.

Hiene, J. W., _Effects of Copper on the Human Body_, 538.

High explosives, manufacture of, 475–90.

Hillairet, Dr, 448, 452.

Himalayas, the, 749.

Hindle _v._ Birtwistle, 214.

Hindoos, the, 179.

Hirt, Dr, 274, 276, 505.

_Historie de l’Académie royale des Sciences_, Paris, 434.

Hodge, Prof., 109.

Hodges, Prof., Queen’s Coll., Belfast, 692.

Hoe’s stereotyping machine, 331.

Hoffman, F. L., _The Mineral Industry_, 521.

Hogben, Dr, Queen’s Hospital, Birmingham, 144, 458–60.

Hoists, 218–22.

Holder, or clamp (flax machine), 693.

Holland, inspectorate in, 47;
employment of women after childbirth in, 54;
use of white phosphorus limited in, 60;
manufacture of phosphorus matches prohibited in, 421.

Holland, Andrew, Board of Trade, Ottawa, 501.

Hollow ware, tinning and enamelling of, 319;
new method of making glass, 807;
Special Rules for, 848, 863.

Home-work, 98–103;
not controlled by factory legislation, 99;
its effect upon wages, 103.

Hong Kong, the Happy Valley in, 170.

Hop-pickers, subject to ophthalmia, 783.

Hope, Dr, Liverpool, 85.

Hopwood, F. J. S., Assist. Sec. Rly. Dept., Board of Trade, 198.

Horgen, Switzerland, death from electricity at, 253.

Horn-workers, liable to anthrax, 244.

Horsehair, and anthrax, 621–33.

Horsekeepers, subject to influenza, 244;
to horsepox or “grease,” 245.

Horsepox or “grease,” 245, 246.

Horses, 238–45;
and anthrax, 624.

Hounslow, gunpowder explosion at, 609.

House painters, and white lead, 292, 293;
and plumbism, 333–36.