Chapter M: HIRUNDO. Ost. valvis bilobis, lobo anteriore angustiore longiore

"Bonan. 2. f. 57" (error for 58) and "List. 220. f. 55" were quoted.

PINNA.

The definition was not precisely similar in words to that of the 'Systema,' but the sense varied but little. It ran as follows:--

Testa oblonga, membranaceo-fragilis, basi angustata. Cardo nullus, sed valvis altero latere coadunatis ut una appareat.

P. RUDIS. _P._ rugosa squamis fornicatis per seriem digestis.

The name of this shell, identified (I think wrongly) by our author with the one he had termed _rudis_ in the 'Systema,' was originally _fornicata_.

P. NOBILIS. _P._ squamis canaliculato-tubulosis subimbricatis.

P. MURICATA. _P._ striata, squamis concavis ovatis acutis.

"List. Hist. t. 370. no. 215," and "Sloan. Hist. i. p. 254," were present among the original synonyms.

P. ROTUNDATA. _P._ squamis obsoletis, testæ margine rotundato.

P. SACCATA. _P._ nuda saccata erectiuscula.

P. DIGITIFORMIS. _P._ nuda digitiformis incurva.

P. LOBATA. _P._ nuda lobata.

* * * * *

In addition to the printed species, an anomalous _Pinna_, which I doubt not was the _Lingula anatina_, is here described.

P. VIRIDIS. _P._ ovalis, basi compressa.

Generis dubii huc relata, donec certiora determinentur.

Testa utraque ovali-oblonga, viridis, intus magis pallida; quasi compressa, et fere naviculata, acutior.

ARGONAUTA.

The intended name of this genus was _Cymbium_, the one applied to it by Gualtieri.

A. ARGO. _Cym._ carina dentata.

"Bonan. 1. f. 13," and "Klein, 3. t. 1. f. 3," were the unprinted synonyms. The intended specific epithet was _C. papyraceum_.

NAUTILUS.

There was no definition of either this, or of the preceding genus, in the written catalogue.

N. POMPILIUS. _N._ apertura cordata, anfractibus contiguis.

The unprinted synonyms were "Bonan. 1, f. 1, 2," "Breyn. Polyth. 14," "Pet. Amb. t. 3. f. 7," "Pet. Gaz. t. 99. f. D," "Klein, 2. t. 1. f. 1, 2," and "Bellon. Aquat. 318. t. 382." Seba was not quoted.

N. SPIRULA. _N._ apertura orbiculari, anfractibus distantibus.

The I in the reference to Rumphius was a misprint for the written 1; "Bon. 1. f. 39," "Breyn. Polyth. 21. f. 2," "Klein, 5. t. 1. f. 6," and "Petropol. Mus. 532. n. 6," were the unprinted synonyms: "tubo" was an emendation.

CONUS.

Testa oblonga, cylindrica, deorsum attenuata. Apertura longitudinalis. Labium edentulum. Os non reflexum. Columella integra.

This most natural genus had the precise limits ordinarily assigned to it.

C. MARMOREUS. _C._ conicus fuscus, maculis ovatis albis.

"Bonan. 3. f. 123" was an additional synonym; the "versus basin transverse striata," and "subtruncata, apice prominulo," with the account of the variety, were not found in the MS.

C. IMPERIALIS. _C._ pictus fasciis flavis cingulisque linearibus albo fuscoque articulatis.

The "obconica" was simply "conica"; there was no description of the spire.

C. LITERATUS. _C._ conicus albus punctis fuscis.

The spire was not described: the reference to d'Argenville was I, not _Q_.

C. VIRGO. _C._ striis convexis lævibus, basi cærulescente.

"Longa" was originally "magna": the erroneous reference to Gualtieri was not inserted.

C. CAPITANEUS. _C._ conicus, basi fusca, spiræ anfractibus adscendentibus.

At least two species were confused; but, from the heading, it is clear that _C. generalis_, rather than _C. capitaneus_, was the typical form: the latter was the variety _g._

The V in the reference to Rumphius was a misprint for the written Y: "Gualt. t. 20. f. G." and "Pet. Gaz. t. 27. f. O." were additional synonyms. "Notata lituris undatis fuscis" was not in the manuscript.

C. PRINCEPS. _C._ flavus, lineis fusco-purpureis longitudinalibus ramosis.

"Sub" preceded "convexa."

C. AMMIRALIS. _C._ basi punctato-scaber.

After "summus" was written "cingulo albo"; after "ordinarius," "cingulo nullo"; Seba was not quoted; "pruniformis" was the earlier reading for "conico-convexa, pyriformis." The variety _a._ was described as "circumdata lineis numerosis albis nigro articulatis, quarum quæ cylindrum distinguit a spira latior maculis albis nigrisque majoribus alternantibus." The variety _g._ was not originally present in the catalogue, but was interpolated by Linnæus. "Hæc pretiosissima ut vendita fuerit 500 florenis" was the final remark.

C. NOBILIS. _C._ subcylindricus lævis glaber, spira acuta argute canaliculata.

"Cacumen" was a misprint for the written "acumen."

C. GENUANUS. _C._ pictus cingulis linearibus albo fuscoque articulatis.

A strange confusion took place between the details of _C. senator_ and _C. Genuanus_. The published description belonged to the former, the synonym the latter, and should have preceded the following brief description:

"Testa conica, pallida, glauca, oblongiuscula. Lineæ 19 transversæ fusco-nigræ s. purpurascentes albo interruptæ, alternæ sæpe angustiores. Spira subconica, obtusa."

C. GLAUCUS. _C._ emarginatus, basi striatus, spiræ inermis anfractibus convexis.

C. MONACHUS. _C._ gibbus acutus, fusco-cærulescente nebulosus, basi striatus.

Bonanni was not quoted in the written copy.

C. MINIMUS. _C._ cinerascens, punctis oblongis cinctus.

The original description has been much altered by Linnæus. It ran as follows: "Testa ovata, glauco-cinerea, gibba, striæ transversales plus 30 punctis fuscis oblongis. Spira convexa, alba, maculis fuscis magnis transversis." The cited figure does not even suit these meagre characteristics, which might have been equally applied to _C. glaucus_.

C. RUSTICUS. _C._ ovatus, basi rugoso-scaber, spira conica convexa.

The variety was not noticed, and d'Argenville was not quoted in the original catalogue. "Flavo et glauco" should have been "flavo aut glauco," as written.

C. MERCATOR. _C._ ovatus, albus fasciis reticulatis flavis.

C. BETULINUS. _C._ subemarginatus, basi rugosus, spira planiuscula mucronata.

Seba was not cited.

C. FIGULINUS. _C._ emarginatus, basi rugosa, spira convexa acuta.

An additional synonym, "Rump. t. 31 (error for 33, there being no number 1 in that plate) f. 1," was indicated.

C. EBRÆUS. _C._ ovatus albus fasciis nigris ex maculis transversis.

"Pet. Gaz. t. 99. f. 12." was quoted.

C. STERCUS-MUSCARUM. _C._ emarginatus, basi striatus, spiræ anfractibus canaliculatis.

Of the two species confounded under this designation the _C. arenarius_ appeared as a variety in the manuscript. Of the typical form "Spira lævi," "Pet. Gaz. t. 75. f. 1," and "Rumph. Mus. t. 33. f. Z," were cited as illustrations; the other synonyms were ascribed to "Var. α. coronatus spinis obtusis." The colouring was not mentioned.

C. VARIUS. _C._ scabro-coronatus, elongatus, spira coronata acuta.

C. GRANULATUS. _C._ scaber inermis, striis lævibus.

The original size indicated was "magnitudine coryli."

C. MAGUS. _C._ subcylindricus, fasciis longitudinalibus albo punctatis.

The erroneous figure of d'Argenville was not referred to; and the 32, Q (as in the 'Systema'), not 34, A, of Rumphius was quoted as illustrative. The final remark had been interpolated by Linnæus.

C. STRIATUS. _C._ ovato-oblongus gibbus nebulosus, striis tenuissimis parallelis fuscis.

The "Cæterum testa minus ante convoluta est," is a press addition. "Pet. Gaz. t. 98. f. 9." was correctly cited.

C. TEXTILE. _C._ pictus venis reticulatis luteis, maculis luteis fuscisque.

The intended name (_C. drador_) was an amusing specimen of conchological Latin: it was of course borrowed from d'Argenville's appellation of "_Drap d'or_." "Columella ad postica quasi replicata est" was added in the printing; the "luteo" was originally "albo"; the "subconica" was "anfractibus subconicis"; and there was no mention of a variety.

C. AULICUS. _C._ pictus venis reticulatis fasciisque longitudinalibus interruptis fuscis.

"Columella postice replicata est," and the objectionable "obovato-sub," were not in the copy. No figures were cited in the original catalogue.

C. SPECTRUM. _C._ cærulescens, flavo-nebulosus, punctis striisque alboluteis.

The original description did not comprise those characteristics which are so much at variance with the essentials of the _C. spectrum_ of authors. The following passages were omitted: "gibba, minus arcte convoluta" (this replaced "conica"), "Columella postice striata et replicata. Intus testa sub-cærulescens," "mucrone cingulis granulato."

C. BULLATUS. _C._ flavus, albo nebulosus.

The account of the variety, and the "vix tuberculata," were absent from the manuscript.

C. GEOGRAPHUS. _C._ oblongus gibbus coronatus.

The Rumphian name was the one attached to this species in the written copy.

C. TEREBELLUM. _C._ scaber inermis, striis tuberculatis.

The synonyms attached to the published details were "Gualt. Test. t. 25. f. L.--Arg. Conch. t. 16. f. P.--Rumph. t. 33. f. EE." Now these harmonize with both the heading and the description, and clearly indicate the _C. Nussatella_ of the 'Systema'!

The details attached to the published synonyms (which latter belonged to the _C. terebellum_ of the 'Systema,' and to which were joined "Gualt. t. 23. f. O.--"Bonan. 3. f. 57.--Pet. Amb. t. 13. f. 24,") ran as follows:

"Testa cylindracea, glabra, antice angustior, desinens in spiram attenuatam, anfractibus 3. Basis truncata, tennis. Columella non torta, sed involuta. Color pallidus."

CYPREA.

Testa ovata lævis involuta. Apertura linearis, utrinque dentata. Spira occultata intra testam.

C. MAPPA. _C._ subturbinata characterisata, macula longitudinali dentata.

"Pet. Amb. t. 16. f. 2." was an omitted synonym. The terminal remark is an improvement upon the earlier "Noscitur linea utrinque dentata in superficie scripta."

C. ARABICA. _C._ subturbinata characterisata, macula longitudinali simplici.

"Denticulis testaceis" and the description of the variety were additions by the hand of Linnæus.

C. ARGUS. _C._ subturbinata subcylindrica, maculis annularibus.

The synonyms of Petiver (t. 97. f. 6) and Bonanni (f. 263), quoted in the 'Systema,' were also present in the MS., where "2. s. 1" was in the place of "duabus." The "pallidis" was a misprint for the written "pallidæ." The account of the variety was subsequent to the copy.

C. TESTUDINARIA. _C._ obtusa cylindrica, extremitatibus depressis.

"Pet. Amb. t. 8. f. 7." was an unprinted synonym.

C. CARNEOLA. _C._ subturbinata pallida, fasciis incarnatis.

C. TALPA. _C._ subturbinata violacea, fasciis pallidis.

"Pet. Amb. t. 16. f. 1." was an unprinted synonym: "pallide flavescens" was the earlier reading for "testacea." The final remark was not in the copy.

C. AMETHYSTEA. _C._ subturbinata, dorso violaceo.

Rumphius was not originally cited as illustrative.

C. VANELLI. _C._ subturbinata, maculata punctis lutescentibus.

"Obsoletis" was originally in the place of "acutis": the "sæpe lutescentibus" was an addition of the press. _C. Ovum Vanelli_ was the intended designation.

C. LOTA. _C._ subturbinata alba, denticulis subulatis.

C. FRAGILIS. _C._ subturbinata gibba fragilis, obsolete fasciata.

Linnæus himself inserted this heading, with the first three lines of the printed details, in the manuscript copy. Neither the reference, nor the longer account of the variety (evidently a different species) appeared there.

C. CAPUT-SERPENTIS. _C._ obtusa triquetro-gibba, postice obtusiuscula.

"Fusis" was the earlier reading for "confertis."

C. MAURITIANA. _C._ obtusa triquetro-gibba, postice depresso-acuta.

"Pet. Gaz. t. 96. f. 8. ex Insula Mauritii" was added in the manuscript: "fuscus" was the earlier version of "fusco-testaceus."

C. VITELLUS. _C._ subturbinata livida, maculis albis.

The published reference was substituted for "Bonan. 3. f. 254," a more characteristic figure: "maxima ex parte distincta, sed" followed "Spira." "Albida," not "alba," was the tint at first ascribed to the base.

C. MUS. _C._ obtusa subovalis gibba cinerea, fascia longitudinali fusca.

Our author himself inserted the account of this species in the manuscript. Seba was not quoted. "Habitat in Carthagena" was appended to the description.

C. TIGRIS. _C._ obtusa ovata, postice obtusa.

In the synonym of Rumphius, 36 is a misprint for 38: the erroneous reference to the H of Gualtieri was not in the copy, where "Pet. Gaz. t. 96. f. _7_" was indicated as illustrative. The printed additions were "aut alba," "fusco-ferrugineis" (in lieu of "fuscis"), and "s. alba, quasi exarata; postice subcylindrica, truncata"; the previous words "Linea, &c." of that sentence were also absent from the original description, but had been inserted by the hand of Linnæus. "Postice" preceded "planiusculo," and "subviolaceo" followed "nitore."

C. LYNX. _C._ oblongo-ovata, linea flavescente, postice acutiuscula.

No variety was mentioned in the written copy.

C. ISABELLA. _C._ obtusa cylindrica, extremitatibus luteis.

"Pet. Amb. t. 16. f. 16." was cited in the manuscript, where the final remark was wanting.

C. ONYX. _C._ umbilicata, subtus fusca.

Neither of the synonyms was quoted in the copy.

C. SUCCINCTA. _C._ umbilicata, labio interiore utraque extremitate rotundato.

The entire account of this shell (the _C. bicincta_ of the MS.) was added to the copy by our author.

C. ZICZAC. _C._ umbilicata, subtus lutea punctis fuscis.

None of the cited figures were referred to in the original, where "interiore" stood in the place of the printed "utroque fusco."

C. HIRUNDO. _C._ umbilicata, supra cærulescente.

"Sparsis", "s. fusca", "necnon macula, &c." were emendations of the press: "postice" preceded "fere marginato" in the original.

C. ASELLUS. _C._ umbilicata alba, fasciis tribus fuscis.

"Pet. Amb. t. 16. f. 18." and "Pet. Gaz. t. 97. f. 11." were cited in the copy as illustrative.

C. CRIBRARIA. _C._ umbilicata, maculis albis.

"Margo" preceded "adscendens" in the copy, in which "livide flavo" was found in place of "luteo": "flavicantibus" was omitted. The intended name was _C. Argiolus_.

C. ERRONES. _C._ umbilicata, macula testacea æquali.

_Erratica_ was the original specific appellation.

C. MONETA. _C._ marginate-nodosa.

"Pet. Gaz. t. 97. f. 8." and "Pet. Amb. t. 16. f. 8." were omitted in printing; "subflavescente" followed "convexo"; "subtus planiuscula" and "incisis" were absent. In place of the final remark (added, however, by the hand of our author), there originally stood "Noscitur tuberibus quinque elevatis."

C. ANNULUS. _C._ marginata annulo flavo.

The "s. rotundata" was added in printing.

C. EROSA. _C._ marginata flava albo-punctata.

"Undique aspersa" and "Macula fusca notat medium utriusque lateris" are the printed emendations.

C. HELVOLA. C. marginata, postice crenata, subtus flava immaculata, supra albo punctulata.

The final remark was unwritten, and the size not mentioned: "marginis gibbi" was "margine exteriore gibbo", and "subcrenati" was "latere subcrenato."

C. STOLIDA. _C._ marginata variegata cinereo testaceoque.

"Quinque" and "adspersis" were not in the original.

C. OCELLATA. _C._ marginata lutea, ocellis nigris.

C. FLAVEOLA. _C._ marginata fulva, albo punctata.

C. PORARIA. _C._ marginata subviolacea, albo punctata.

C. PEDICULUS. _C._ transversim sulcata.

"List. 168. t. 3. f. 17." and "Barr. t. 1326. f. 28." were cited in addition to the printed synonyms. The last four words of the description were not in the copy.

C. NUCLEUS. _C._ sulcata punctata tuberculis, rostrata.

"Pet. Amb. t. 16 f. 11." was cited as illustrative.

C. STAPHYLÆA. _C._ punctis elevatis sine striis, subrostrata.

The printed "minus" has been substituted for the earlier "vix"; "lutea" for "flava"; and "totam basin" for "maximum partem baseos."