Chapter C: GLOBULUS. C. rostrata lævis

The printed additions were "alba s.", "extremitate utraque" (in place of "postice"), "Superficies punctis vix manifestis notata", and "excurrentes in strias".

BULLA.

Testa subrotunda, inflata, lævis. Apertura oblonga, non utrinque dentata. Spira obsoleta. Columella obliqua.

The _Murex ficus_ and _rapa_ of the printed edition were originally located in this genus, from which _Auris Midæ_, _Auris Judæ_, and _achatina_ were excluded: the two former were placed in _Morion_, the last in _Buccinum_.

B. OVUM. _B._ birostris, labio dentato.

"Arg. t. 21. f. A." "Pet. Gaz. t. 94. f. 7." "Pet. Amb. t. 8. f. 6." were additional references in the written copy: "magnitudine ovi gallinacei", "apice et basi producta", were emendations during the printing. The "dilatata" was originally modified by a "parum."

B. VOLVA. _B._ birostris, rostris elongatis striatis.

"List. t. 711. f. 63" had been added to the copy by the hand of Linnæus. The mode of reference (not, as in the earlier writings, by sections and chapters) evinces that this addition was, in all probability, subsequent to the publication of the work.

B. VERRUCOSA. _B._ angulata, aucta utrinque puncto osseo.

The correct synonyms of "Arg. t. 21. f. M." and "Pet. Gaz. t. 97. f.22." were found in the manuscript: the printed emendations were, "magnitudine ovi passerini", "uti anterius", and "granis duobus" for the earlier "punctis."

B. GIBBOSA. _B._ angulata, cingulo elevato.

"Bonan. 249", "List. t. 711. f. 64", "Pet. Gaz. t. 15. f. 5", were cited in the copy: "præcedentis magnitudine", "solidiorque", with the modification of "cylindrica" by a preceding "sub", were press emendations.

B. NAUCUM. _B._ rotundata pellucida.

The size was not at first mentioned.

B. AMPULLA. _B._ rotundata opaca.

The printed "nulla" replaced the earlier "descendens, nuda", and "pallido-testacea" the written "albida." The "antice, nullus vero postice" was an emendation of the press.

B. PHYSIS. _B._ spira obtusa, lineis crispata.

"Sæpe", "hiansque", "tenue", and the name, are not to be found in the written copy: "apicem" was the reading for the printed "ventrem, aduatum."

B. AMPLUSTRE. _B._ spira elevata, fasciis incarnatis.

B. PALLIDA. _B._ spira elevata acuta, corpore cylindrico.

So very many changes has this puzzling species experienced in the works of our author, that it has been thought advisable to transcribe the written description from the manuscript copy:--

Testa ovato-cylindrica, glabra. Spira convexo-conica, mucronata. Columella multum torta. Color lividus, longitudinaliter grisco undulatus.

This evidently was a very different shell from the four-plaited, pale pink, and often variegated specimen described in the printed copy. The description of the outer lip, the name, and the terms "solida", "lævigata, obsoletior" were, likewise, additions of the press.

B. CANALICULATA. _B._ cylindrica lævis, spiræ anfractibus canaliculatis.

The entire account of this species was added to the manuscript in the Linnean handwriting.

B. ACHATINA. _Buc._ glabrum, apertura integra.

"Colum. Aphr. 18. t. 16" was the omitted synonym: "vel inæqualiter ovata" and the entire account of the base (merely described as "vix manifeste emarginata") were the printed additions.

B. AURIS-MIDÆ. _Morion_ ovali-oblongum, spira rugosa, labio interiore bidentato.

Figure 122 of Klein's seventh plate was correctly quoted as illustrative: "crudæ" preceded "niger."

B. AURIS-JUDÆ. _Morion_ oblongus, spira lævi, labio interiore tridentato.

B. SOLIDULA. _B._ ovata opaca striata, spira elevata.

I do not doubt, from the "ovata", that _Tornatella flammea_ was the shell originally here intended; for the inharmonious account of the inner lip (as well as of the outer one) was not found in the manuscript,--from which, too, the erroneous reference to Bonanni was at first absent. The "acutiuscula" was "obtusiuscula": the "postice rotundata, antice acuta" was an improvement upon the earlier "pone gibba."

B. LIVIDA. _B._ spira elevata obtusa, corpore cylindrico.

This heading makes no mention of the columellar plication of the shell so named in the 'Systema,' and confirms my surmise of their distinctiveness. The name _livida_ was not originally attached to the description, but had been added (together with "obsoletis") by Linnæus, from a mistaken identification.

There has evidently been some error in the comparison with _Voluta Caffra_. I suspect that _Conus bullatus_ was meant, as the contrasting characters answer admirably. "Differt a _B. pallida_ et _livida_, quod testa solida--anfractus spiræ canaliculati". This passage shows that "fragilis et spiræ anfractus obtusæ" referred to _livida_, not to _Caffra_.

VOLUTA.

Testa oblonga, subconvexa, basi emarginata, replicata in canalem rectum. Columella plicata oblique. Labio integro.

The genus appears to comprehend precisely the same members as in the published edition. They were arranged in sections exactly corresponding with the Lamarckian genera of _Oliva_, _Voluta_, _Mitra_, and _Marginella_.

V. PORPHYRIA. _V._ spira basi obliterata, labio medio retuso.

Linnæus spoilt his excellent earlier description by his attempted emendations. The interpolated "Faux sæpius rufescens" (misprinted virescens), and the reference to Gualtieri's figure O. (_O. erythrostoma_), formed no part of the original version.

The "Varictas fere sola est _V. Olivæ_" was an afterthought.

V. OLIVA. _V._ spiræ basi reflexa.

The synonyms were thus distributed. To var _a_, Rumph. t. 39. f. 2, and Gualt. t. 23. f. B; to var. _g_, Rumph. t. 39. f. 3; to var. _e_, Arg. t. 16. f. R; to var. _d_ ("Cæsius atro-undatus," not "Fusco undulatus" as printed), Rumph. t. 39. f. 4. The expressions "ponderosa" and "magis sulcatum" were not in the original.

V. ISPIDULA. _V._ spira adscendente, margine unico.

"Pet. Gaz. t. 59. f. 8," cited in the 'Systema,' was also written in the manuscript: not so the "Varietas forte præcedentis _V. Olivæ_." None of the drawings exhibit the produced spire, which must have resembled that of _O. jaspidea_. The earlier name was _ispida_.

V. GLABELLA. _V._ ovata lævis, labii margine reflexo, basi rotundata.

The reference to Gualtieri (a doubtful figure) was not originally inserted. The intended name was _V. polita_.

V. CAFFRA. _V._ fusiformis lævis.

The absurdity of asserting, in relation to this and the next species, that each resembled the other, but was larger, arose from the circumstance that when our author, in revising the labours of his amanuensis, added "sed major," he omitted to erase it from the following species.

V. VULPECULA. _V._ fusiformis angulata inermis, transversim striata.

Of the ample details the first two paragraphs only were found in the manuscript. The proposed name was _V. picta_.

V. PLICARIA. _V._ fusiformis, angulis antice subspinosis.

The intended appellation _angulata_ was changed from an erroneous impression of the identity of the species with the _Turricula plicata_ of Rumphius. "Mucronatis" and "albidus" were emendations. "Bonan. 8. f. 65" was referred to, as in the 'Systema'.

V. PERTUSA. _V._ fusiformis, labro denticulato, striata punctis pertusis.

_V. denticulata_ was the name originally proposed for this _Mitre_.

V. MITRA. _V._ fusiformis lævis, labro denticulato.

The final paragraph was not in the manuscript, where "Bonan. 3. t. 119, 120", and "Klein, 36. Mitra episcopi", the former cited in the 'Systema', the latter a mere name, were quoted as illustrative.

V. MUSICA. _V._ spinis obtusiusculis, columella plicis 8.

The reference to the letters X. and Y. of Gualtieri (neither of which are illustrative) stood not thus in the original: the characteristic Z. of that work was the figure really cited. The printed edition has been enlarged by an "ob" before "ovato" the addition of "solida", and the description of the lips.

V. VESPERTILIO. _V._ spinis acutis, columella plicis 4.

The only printed additions are "ob" before "ovato", "s. glauca", and "fuscis lineis" in place of the "saturatius."

V. ÆTHIOPICA. _V._ spinis fornicatis cingentibus apicem papillarem.

"Habitat in mari Pacifico", "Pet. Amb. t. 7. f. 5" (copied from Rumphius, t. 31. f. B.), and "Bonan. t. 3 f. 1" (cited in the 'Systema') were the unprinted additions.

V. CYMBIUM. The entire account of this shell was in the handwriting of Linnæus, and inserted at a later period than the mass of species. The decided reference to Gualtieri _was not in the manuscript_.

V. OLLA was not mentioned in the written catalogue.

* * * * *

In addition to the species published in the 'Museum,' the following were also characterized in the manuscript:--

V. FABA. _V._ ovata, antice subplicata, labii exterioris margine reflexo, basi rotundata.

Bonan. 3. f. 49.

Testa magnitudine vix fabæ, ovalis, lævis, antice subplicata, livida, punctis fuscis aspersa. Spira testæ 1/2 brevior, subplicata. Labium exterius reflexum, basi rotundatum integrum.

This was evidently the shell so designated in the 'Systema.'

V. GRANULATA. _V._ fusiformis, sulcis longitudinalibus, striisque transversalibus.

Rumph. Mus. t. 29. f. V.

Arg. Conch. t. 12. f. V.

Testa facie antecedentis, sed sulci et striæ contrariæ, fusiformis, sulcis longitudinalibus elevatis obtusis, striis transversalibus exaratis. Color cinereus, fasciis linearibus 2 rubris ex punctis. Spira longitudine ventris. Apertura præcedentis.

This was the _V. sanguisuga_ of the 'Systema.'

The preceding species referred to was