Chapter C

Cadmium in copper, 23.
Calculation of blast-furnace charges, 146, 147, 150–152.
California, copper output, 17.
" Practice in, 75, 168.
Calumet and Hecla, 8, 14, 45.
" " costs of production, 14.
Canada, copper ores, 46.
" " output, 15.
Cananea, 80.
" blast furnaces, 136, 142, 145, 156, 161.
" Costs of production at, 14.
" " roasting, 78.
" reverberatories, 91, 105–108.
" settlers, 163.
Capacity of blast furnaces, 114, 123–125, 129, 131, 135, 151, 153,
174, 179, 184–188.
" converters, 193, 195, 198, 201, 202, 204, 207, 212.
" electrolytic tanks, 231, 234, 237.
" refining furnaces, 219, 224–227, 240.
" reverberatories, 88–92, 99, 102, 106.
" roaster furnaces, 70–72, 76–79.
Cape Copper Company, 68, 73.
Carbon and copper, 28, 42.
" " silicates, 39.
" dioxide and copper, 23.
" " and acid manufacture, 181, 189, 190.
" " in blast-furnace gases, 181, 189, 190.
" monoxide in copper, 25.
Carbonaceous fuel in blast furnaces, 115, 119, 121 (see also _Coke_).
Carbonate ores, 47.
Cars for charging, 141, 153–155, 186.
Cast copper, 32, 35.
Casting furnaces, 219, 220, 224, 225.
" machines, 224, 226, 242.
" of copper anodes, 217, 219, 224.
" of merchant copper, 217, 237–242.
Cathode copper, 39, 43, 44, 230, 233, 238, 239.
" plates, 227–231, 237.
" sheets, 227, 230–232, 235, 237.
Caypless, 37, 50.
Cement copper, 43, 44, 236.
Cerro de Pasco, 75.
Chalcocite, 46.
Chalcopyrite, 45–47.
" in pyritic smelting, 171.
" roasting of, 65.
Chambers’ briquette machine, 56, 57.
Changes during bessemerising, 206–210, 215, 216.
Channelling in reverberatory grates, 86, 101.
Channing, J. Parke, 170, 186, 191.
Charge for blast furnaces, 130, 146, 147, 150, 151, 187, 211.
" " blast roasting, 58, 111, 112.
" " converters, 212, 213.
" " pyritic smelting, 178–180, 187, 188.
" " reverberatories, 102, 110–112.
" " roaster furnaces, 76–79, 111, 112.
" " sintering, 58, 111, 112.
" -cars, 141, 153–156, 186.
" -sheets, 153, 157, 158, 187.
" trains for blast furnaces, 156–158.
" " reverberatories, 99.
Charging of blast furnaces, 140, 146, 153–158, 179, 186, 188.
" of converters, 198, 199, 207, 208, 212–214.
" of refining furnaces, 240.
" of reverberatories, 85–87, 91–105
" -doors, 141.
" -platform, 141.
Checking of operations, 47.
Chemical properties, 18, 33.
Chili bar, 43, 44.
" copper ores, 46.
" " production, 15.
" supplies of copper from, 7, 15, 45, 46.
Chilling in blast-furnace hearths, 115, 117.
" converters, 195, 199, 210, 212.
" settlers, 117.
China, 45.
Chlorine and copper, 33.
Chromite linings, 162.
Circulation of electrolyte, 232–236.
Claying of reverberatories, 95.
Clean slags, 131–133, 148, 149, 188, 211.
Cleaning of electrolytic tanks, 238.
Cleaning-out of pyritic furnaces, 178–179.
Clinkering of reverberatory fire-grates, 84, 85, 101.
Cloud, T. C., 80.
Coal for reverberatory furnaces, 89, 90, 101–102, 105.
" consumption in reverberatory work, 84, 102, 105.
Coaling of reverberatories (see _Firing_).
Cobalt in copper, 23, 217.
Coinage alloys, 21.
Coke charging in blast furnaces, 153, 158.
" consumption in the blast furnace, 119–122, 143, 151, 152, 158,
169, 177, 178, 182, 187.
" in the blast furnace, 121, 129, 143, 147.
" in pyritic smelting, 169, 173, 174, 178, 180–184, 187, 188, 191.
" recovery from reverberatories, 101.
" used in briquettes, 57, 101.
Cold rolling of copper, 31.
Collection of slimes, 238.
Colorado, practice in, 17.
Colour of converter flame, 205, 207, 209, 210, 216.
" copper, 23.
Colour of matte, 39.
Commercial copper, 29, 39, 44, 238.
Composition of anodes, 217, 230–233, 238.
" blast-furnace charges, 150–152.
" blast-furnace gas for acid-making, 189–191.
" blast-furnace slags, 147–153, 179, 180, 188.
" briquettes, 57.
" cathodes, 230, 232, 233.
" charges for pyritic smelting, 173–176, 180, 187.
" charges for reverberatory smelting, 82, 102, 108–112.
" charges for blast-roasting, 111, 112.
" converter copper, 218.
" copper, 31, 34, 39, 40, 44, 217, 218, 230, 238.
" " for fire-boxes, 19, 20, 34.
" " mattes, 37, 50, 61–65, 82, 87, 131, 146, 147,
175–188, 207, 217.
" " ores, 45, 46.
" electrolyte, 231–237.
" pyritic-smelting slags, 175–188.
" reverberatory charges, 82, 102, 108–112.
" reverberatory matte, 82, 103, 104.
" slag, 103, 104.
" roaster products, 79.
Compounds of copper, 35.
Concentrates, coarse, Treatment of, 53, 63, 150–152.
" Fine, 53–55, 61, 63, 68, 108–112, 158.
Concentration in the blast furnace, 57, 113–121, 179.
" pyritic smelting, 174–183, 187, 194.
" reverberatory smelting, 81, 110–112.
" smelting, 62, 63, 66, 200.
" Wet, 51, 53, 54, 61, 63.
Condition of charge for blast roasting, 111, 112.
" " reverberatory smelting, 81, 88, 91, 108–112.
" " roasting, 62, 76, 78, 110–112.
" copper market, 13.
" impurities in copper, 26, 31, 34.
Conditions for electro-refining, 232, 234, 237.
" good settling, 117, 131, 133.
" successful acid-making, 189–191.
" for successful bessemerising, 192, 204, 211.
" " pyritic smelting, 179.
" " roasting, 66, 76, 110.
Conductivity of electrolyte, 232.
" Electrical, 23, 24.
" High, copper, 18, 22, 39, 41, 44, 218, 242.
" Thermal, 19, 25, 117, 221, 239.
Conglomerate deposits, 45.
Conker plate of reverberatories, 99.
Connections in electro-refining, 228, 234.
Construction of the blast furnace, 113, 114, 124, 131, 135.
" MacDougal roasters, 73–79.
" reverberatories, 87, 96, 97.
Constituents of blast-furnace charges, 150–152.
" briquettes, 57.
" reverberatory charges, 103, 104, 108–112.
" roaster charges, 76, 79, 109–112.
Constitution of copper matte, 37, 38, 50.
Consumption of copper for alloys, 21.
" " in electrical work, 18.
Contacts in electro-refining, 228.
Contamination of cathodes, 231, 233, 235, 238.
" electrolyte, 219, 230, 233–238.
Continuous converting, 181, 202.
" working in blast furnaces, 115, 130, 135.
" " in pyritic smelting, 179.
" " of reverberatories, 85, 87, 92, 94.
" " of roasters, 72.
Contraction of area, 20.
Control in bessemerising, 196, 205, 211–213.
" in blast-furnace working, 115, 117, 131, 178.
" in pyritic smelting, 173–183.
" in reverberatory smelting, 63, 87, 88.
" in roasting, 72, 75.
" of matte grade, 82, 175–186, 200, 203, 204.
" of operations, 47, 82.
Converter bars, 42.
" copper, 42–44, 217, 218.
" flames, 205, 207, 209, 210, 216.
" -grade matte, 61, 63, 146, 147, 192.
" -linings, 192, 194, 199–201, 211–216.
" -matte, 181, 188, 192, 194, 203, 204, 207, 211, 212, 215–217.
" -practice, 192, 199, 203–216.
" -process, 35, 41.
" " Losses in, 116.
Converter-slags, 192, 203–205, 211, 212.
Converters, 192–216.
Converting, 54, 170, 192–216.
Cooling of hearth in reverberatories, 83–87, 91, 96.
Copper as electrical conductor, 14, 34, 242.
" for stays, 19, 41.
" for steam pipes, 19.
" glance, 46.
" High-conductivity, 18, 39.
" in blast-furnace charges, 150–152.
" in converter slags, 211, 213.
" in matte, 147.
" in refinery slags, 241.
" industry, Present position of, 13.
" losses in slags, 115–117, 131, 132, 145, 149, 179–181,
186, 188.
" matte, 36, 37 (see _Matte_, also _Grade of Matte_).
" oxide in copper, 26–29.
" oxide in furnace refining, 221, 239–242.
" oxides, 35, 43 (see _Oxides_).
" Properties of, 22–34.
" pyrites (see _Chalcopyrite_).
" sand, 45.
" silicates, 35, 39.
" sulphate in electrolyte, 231, 236.
" sulphides, 35, 36.
" " Roasting of, 64.
" Uses of, 18–22.
" Varieties of, 24.
Copperhill Smelter, Tennessee, 140, 162, 170, 184, 186, 188, 190, 214.
Cornish copper mining, 5.
" ores, 46.
Corrosion of copper, 33.
" reverberatory linings, 95.
Costs in blast-furnace smelting, 124, 130, 143, 153, 177, 179.
" blast roasting, 58.
" electro-refining, 228, 229, 233.
" oil-fired reverberatories, 81, 107, 108.
" production of copper, 11, 14.
" pyritic smelting, 179, 182, 185.
" reverberatory smelting, 102,
" roasting, 62, 75, 78, 177.
Cottrell fume settler, 191.
Cowper-Coles process, 19, 238, 243.
Cranes, 214, 236, 237.
Crucible-jackets, 137.
Crude copper, 43.
Crusting in blast-furnace work, 129, 130, 153, 154, 158,
178, 185, 188.
Cuba, Copper output of, 15.
Cuprite, 46.
Cuprous oxide in copper, 26–29, 42.
" Properties of, 35.
Current-density, 229, 232, 233, 237.
" in electro-refining, 227, 229, 232–235.
" leakage, 228.
Cutter for sampling, 49.