Chapter I: Front Matter

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| TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES |
| |
| Transcriptions used in this e-text: |
| italics text in the original work is presented here between |
| underscores, as in _text_; |
| bold-face text in the original work is presented here between |
| equal-signs, as in =text=; |
| small-capitals in the original work are presented here as ALL |
| CAPITALS; |
| fractions are transcribed as, for example, 2-1/2 for 2½; where |
| the author uses the form 1-64, this form has been retained, |
| except in tables; |
| superscript texts are transcribed as in ^{text}; |
| subscript texts are transcribed as in _{text}; |
| single Greek letters are transcribed as [alpha], [beta], etc.; |
| the (single) oe-ligature used in the book has been transcribed |
| as oe (Phoenixville); |
| multi-line in-line formulas and calculations from the original |
| work have been transcribed as single-line in-line formulas and |
| calculations, where necessary with the addition of brackets. |
| The following transcriptions are used for special characters and |
| symbols, where x can be any character: |
| [=x] x-macron; |
| [)x] x-breve; |
| [x.] x-dot-below; |
| [<--] left-pointing hand. |
| The author uses letters from a different font to describe shapes.|
| These are transcribed between square brackets: [V] or [V]-shaped,|
| [T] or [T]-shaped, etc. Where the original work uses regular |
| letters for the same purpose, this transcription has not been |
| used. Special cases are __|¯¯ for a stretched S-shape, [/\] for |
| an upside-down V, and [_|_] for an upside-down T. |
| |
| More extensive Transcriber's Notes will be found at the end of |
| this text. |
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_Copyright, 1887 by Charles Scribner's Sons._

=MODERN AMERICAN FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE.=]

MODERN

MACHINE-SHOP PRACTICE

BY

JOSHUA ROSE, M.E.

ILLUSTRATED WITH MORE THAN 3000 ENGRAVINGS

VOLUME I.

NEW YORK

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

1887

COPYRIGHT, 1887, BY

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

Press of J. J. Little & Co.

Astor Place, New York.