Chapter XV: Measuring Tools (2)

------+--------------------------++------+--------------------------
|American or New Standard. || | American or New Standard.
+--------------------------++ +------------+-------------
No. of|Size of each| Difference ||No. of|Size of each| Difference
Wire- | number in | between ||Wire- | number in | between
Gauge.| decimal | consecutive ||Gauge.| decimal | consecutive
| parts of | numbers in || | parts of | numbers in
| an inch. |decimal parts|| | an inch. |decimal parts
| | of an inch. || | | of an inch.
------+------------+-------------++------+------------+-------------
0000 | .460 | ---- || 19 | .03589 | .00441
000 | .40964 | .05036 || 20 | .03196 | .00393
00 | .36480 | .04484 || 21 | .02846 | .00350
0 | .32495 | .03994 || 22 | .02535 | .00311
1 | .28930 | .03556 || 23 | .02257 | .00278
2 | .25763 | .03167 || 24 | .0201 | .00247
3 | .22942 | .02821 || 25 | .0179 | .00220
4 | .20431 | .02511 || 26 | .01594 | .00196
5 | .18194 | .02237 || 27 | .01419 | .00174
6 | .16202 | .01992 || 28 | .01264 | .00155
7 | .14428 | .01774 || 29 | .01126 | .00138
8 | .12849 | .01579 || 30 | .01002 | .00123
9 | .11443 | .01406 || 31 | .00893 | .00110
10 | .10189 | .01254 || 32 | .00795 | .00098
11 | .09074 | .01105 || 33 | .00708 | .00087
12 | .08081 | .00993 || 34 | .0063 | .00078
13 | .07196 | .00885 || 35 | .00561 | .00069
14 | .06408 | .00788 || 36 | .005 | .00061
15 | .05707 | .00702 || 37 | .00445 | .00055
16 | .05082 | .00625 || 38 | .00396 | .00049
17 | .04525 | .00556 || 39 | .00353 | .00043
18 | .0403 | .00495 || 40 | .00314 | .00039
------+------------+-------------++------+------------+-------------

This gauge is now the standard by which rolled sheet brass and seamless brass tubing is made in the United States. It is also sometimes used as a gauge for the copper wire used for electrical purposes, being termed the American Standard; but unless the words "American Standard" are employed, the above wire is supplied by the Birmingham wire-gauge numbers. The brass wire manufacturers have not yet adopted the Brown and Sharpe gauge; hence, for brass wire the Birmingham gauge is the standard.

Gauges having simple notches are not suitable for measuring accurately the thickness of metal, because the edges of the sheets or plates frequently vary from the thickness of the body of the plate. This may occur from the wear of the rolls employed to roll out the sheet, or because the sheets have been sheared to cut them to the required width, or to remove cracks at the edges, which shearing is apt to form a burr or projection on one side of the edge, and a slight depression on the other.

Again, a gauge formed by a notch requires to slide over the metal of the plate, and friction and a wear causing an enlargement of the notch ensues, which destroys the accuracy of the gauge. To avoid this source of error the form of gauge that was shown in Fig. 1370 may be used, it having the further advantage that it will measure thicknesses intermediate between the sizes of two contiguous notches, thus measuring the actual thickness of the sheet when it is not to any accurate sheet metal gauge thickness.

It is to be observed that in the process of rolling, the sheet is reduced from a greater to a lesser thickness, hence the gauge will not pass upon the plate until the latter is reduced to its proper thickness.

In applying the gauge, therefore, there is great inducement for the workman to force the gauge on to the sheet, in order to ascertain how nearly the sheet is to the required size, and this forcing process causes rapid wear to the gauge.

It follows, therefore, that a gauge should in no case be forced on, but should be applied lightly and easily to the sheet to prevent wear. Here may be mentioned another advantage of the Brown and Sharpe gauge, in that its gauge-number measurements being uniform, it may be more readily known to what extent a given plate varies from its required gauge thickness.

Suppose, for example, a sheet requiring to be of Number 1 Birmingham gauge is above the required thickness, but will pass easily through the 0 notch of the gauge, the excessive variation of those two gauge numbers (over the variations between other consecutive numbers of the gauge) leaves a wider margin in estimating how much the thickness is excessive than would be the case in using the Brown and Sharpe gauge. Indeed, if the edge of the plate be of uniform thickness with the body of the plate, the variation from the required thickness may be readily ascertained by a Brown and Sharpe gauge, by the distance the plate will pass up the aperture beyond the line denoting the 0 gauge number, or by the distance it stands from the 1 on the gauge when passed up the aperture until it meets both sides of the same.

In addition to these standard gauges, some firms in the United States employ a standard of their own; the principal of these are given in comparison with others in the table following.

DIMENSIONS OF SIZES, IN DECIMAL PARTS OF AN INCH.

------+---------+--------+----------+---------+---------+------------
Number| American|Birming-| Washburn | Trenton | G. W. |Old English,
of | or Brown| ham, | & Moen |Iron Co.,|Prentiss,| from Brass
Wire | & | or | Mfg. Co.,| Trenton,| Holyoke,| Manu-
Gauge.| Sharpe. |Stubs's.|Worcester,| N. J. | Mass. | facturers'
| | | Ms. | | | List.
------+---------+--------+----------+---------+---------+------------
000000| ---- | ---- | .46 | ---- | ---- | ----
00000| ---- | ---- | .43 | .45 | ---- | ----
0000| .46 | .454 | .393 | .4 | ---- | ----
000| .40964 | .425 | .362 | .36 | .3586 | ----
00| .3648 | .38 | .331 | .33 | .3282 | ----
0| .32495 | .34 | .307 | .305 | .2994 | ----
1| .2893 | .3 | .283 | .285 | .2777 | ----
2| .25763 | .284 | .263 | .265 | .2591 | ----
3| .22942 | .259 | .244 | .245 | .2401 | ----
4| .20431 | .238 | .225 | .225 | .223 | ----
5| .18194 | .22 | .207 | .205 | .2047 | ----
6| .16202 | .203 | .192 | .19 | .1885 | ----
7| .14428 | .18 | .177 | .175 | .1758 | ----
8| .12849 | .165 | .162 | .16 | .1605 | ----
9| .11443 | .148 | .148 | .145 | .1471 | ----
10| .10189 | .134 | .135 | .13 | .1351 | ----
11| .090742 | .12 | .12 | .1175 | .1205 | ----
12| .080808 | .109 | .105 | .105 | .1065 | ----
13| .071961 | .095 | .092 | .0925 | .0928 | ----
14| .064084 | .083 | .08 | .08 | .0816 | .083
15| .057068 | .072 | .072 | .07 | .0726 | .072
16| .05082 | .065 | .063 | .061 | .0627 | .065
17| .045257 | .058 | .054 | .0525 | .0546 | .058
18| .040303 | .049 | .047 | .045 | .0478 | .049
19| .03539 | .042 | .041 | .039 | .0411 | .04
20| .031961 | .035 | .035 | .034 | .0351 | .035
21| .028462 | .032 | .032 | .03 | .0321 | .0315
22| .025347 | .028 | .028 | .027 | .029 | .0295
23| .022571 | .025 | .025 | .024 | .0261 | .027
24| .0201 | .022 | .023 | .0215 | .0231 | .025
2S| .0179 | .02 | .02 | .019 | .0212 | .023
26| .01594 | .018 | .018 | .018 | .0194 | .0205
27| .014195 | .016 | .017 | .017 | .0182 | .01875
28| .012641 | .014 | .016 | .016 | .017 | .0165
29| .011257 | .013 | .015 | .015 | .0163 | .0155
30| .010025 | .012 | .014 | .014 | .0156 | .01375
31| .008928 | .01 | .0135 | .013 | .0146 | .01225
32| .00795 | .009 | .013 | .012 | .0136 | .01125
33| .00708 | .008 | .011 | .011 | .013 | .01025
34| .006304 | .007 | .01 | .01 | .0118 | .0095
35| .005614 | .005 | .0095 | .009 | .0109 | .009
36| .005 | .004 | .009 | .008 | .01 | .0075
37| .004453 | ---- | .0085 | .00725 | .0095 | .0065
38| .003965 | ---- | .008 | .0065 | .009 | .00575
------+---------+--------+----------+---------+---------+------------

In the Whitworth wire-gauge, the mark or number on the gauge simply denotes the number of 1/1000ths of an inch the wire is in diameter; thus Number 1 on the gauge is 1/1000 inch, Number 2 is 2/1000ths inch in diameter, and so on.

Below is given the Washburn and Moen Manufacturing Company's music wire-gauge.

SIZES OF THE NUMBERS OF STEEL MUSIC WIRE-GAUGE.

+--------+------------------++--------+------------------+
| No. of | Size of each No. || No. of | Size of each No. |
| Gauge. | in decimal parts || Gauge. | in decimal parts |
| | of an inch. || | of an inch. |
+--------+------------------++--------+------------------+
| 12 | .0295 || 21 | .0461 |
| 13 | .0311 || 22 | .0481 |
| 14 | .0325 || 23 | .0506 |
| 15 | .0343 || 24 | .0547 |
| 16 | .0359 || 25 | .0585 |
| 17 | .0378 || 26 | .0626 |
| 18 | .0395 || 27 | .0663 |
| 19 | .0414 || 28 | .0719 |
| 20 | .043 || ---- | ---- |
+--------+------------------++--------+------------------+

These sizes are those used by the Washburn and Moen Manufacturing Company, of Worcester, Mass., manufacturers of steel music wire.

In the following table is the French Limoges wire-gauge.

-------+-----------+-------++--------+-----------+------
Number | Diameter, | Inch. || Number | Diameter, | Inch.
on | milli- | || on | milli- |
gauge. | mètre. | || gauge. | mètre. |
-------+-----------+-------++--------+-----------+------
0 | .39 | .0154 || 13 | 1.91 | .0725
1 | .45 | .0177 || 14 | 2.02 | .0795
2 | .56 | .0221 || 15 | 2.14 | .0843
3 | .67 | .0264 || 16 | 2.25 | .0886
4 | .79 | .0311 || 17 | 2.84 | .112
5 | .90 | .0354 || 18 | 3.40 | .134
6 | 1.01 | .0398 || 19 | 3.95 | .156
7 | 1.12 | .0441 || 20 | 4.50 | .177
8 | 1.24 | .0488 || 21 | 5.10 | .201
9 | 1.35 | .0532 || 22 | 5.65 | .222
10 | 1.46 | .0575 || 23 | 6.20 | .244
11 | 1.68 | .0661 || 24 | 6.80 | .268
12 | 1.80 | .0706 || | |
-------+-----------+-------++--------+-----------+------

The following table gives the Birmingham wire-gauge for rolled sheet silver and gold.

+---------+------------++---------+------------+
| Gauge | Thickness. || Gauge | Thickness. |
| number. | || number. | |
+---------+------------++---------+------------+
| | Inch. || | Inch. |
| 1 | .004 || 19 | .064 |
| 2 | .005 || 20 | .067 |
| 3 | .008 || 21 | .072 |
| 4 | .010 || 22 | .074 |
| 5 | .013 || 23 | .077 |
| 6 | .013 || 24 | .082 |
| 7 | .015 || 25 | .095 |
| 8 | .016 || 26 | .103 |
| 9 | .019 || 27 | .113 |
| 10 | .024 || 28 | .120 |
| 11 | .029 || 29 | .124 |
| 12 | .034 || 30 | .126 |
| 13 | .036 || 31 | .133 |
| 14 | .041 || 32 | .143 |
| 15 | .047 || 33 | .145 |
| 16 | .051 || 34 | .148 |
| 17 | .057 || 35 | .158 |
| 18 | .061 || 36 | .167 |
+---------+------------++---------+------------+

The following table gives the gauge thickness of Russia sheet iron,[25] the corresponding numbers by Birmingham wire gauge, and the thicknesses in decimal parts of an inch.

[25] This iron comes in sheets 28 × 56 inches = 10.88 square feet of
area.

+----------+------------+-------------------+
| Russia | Birmingham | Thickness in |
| gauge | wire-gauge | decimal |
| number. | number. | parts of an inch. |
+----------+------------+-------------------+
| 7 | 29 | .013 |
| 8 | 28 | .014 |
| 9 | 27 | .016 |
| 10 | 26 | .018 |
| 11 | 25 | .020 |
| 12 | 24-1/2 | .021 |
| 13 | 24 | .022 |
| 14 | 23-1/4 | ---- |
| 15 | 22-3/8 | ---- |
| 16 | 21-1/2 | ---- |
+----------+------------+-------------------+

The following table gives the gauge numbers to which galvanized iron is made.[26]

[26] Galvanized iron is made to the Birmingham wire-gauge, the
thickness includes the galvanizing, the sheets being rolled thinner to
allow for it.

+---------+------------++---------+------------+
| Gauge | Thickness. || Gauge | Thickness. |
| number. | || number. | |
+---------+------------++---------+------------+
| | Inch. || | Inch. |
| 14 | .083 || 23 | .025 |
| 16 | .065 || 24 | .022 |
| 17 | .058 || 25 | .02 |
| 18 | .049 || 26 | .018 |
| 19 | .042 || 27 | .016 |
| 20 | .035 || 28 | .014 |
| 21 | .032 || 29 | .013 |
| 22 | .028 || | |
+---------+------------++---------+------------+

In the following table is given the American gauge sizes and their respective thicknesses for sheet zinc.

--------------------------------++--------------------------------
Gauge and Thickness. || Gauge and Thickness.
-------+-----------+------------++-------+-----------+------------
Number.|Approximate|Thickness in||Number.|Approximate|Thickness in
|Birmingham |fractions of|| |Birmingham |fractions of
|wire-gauge.| an inch. || |wire-gauge.| an inch.
-------+-----------+------------++-------+-----------+------------
1 | ---- | 0.0039 || 16 | ---- | 0.0447
5 | ---- | 0.0113 || 17 | ---- | 0.0521
6 | ---- | 0.0132 || 18 | ---- | 0.0596
7 | ---- | 0.0150 || 19 | ---- | 0.0670
8 | 28 | 0.0169 || 20 | ---- | 0.0744
9 | 27 | 0.0187 || 21 | ---- | 0.0818
10 | 26 | 0.0224 || 22 | ---- | 0.0892
11 | 25 | 0.0261 || 23 | ---- | 0.0966
12 | 24 | 0.0298 || 24 | ---- | 0.1040
13 | ---- | 0.0336 || 25 | ---- | 0.1114
14 | ---- | 0.0373 || 26 | ---- | 0.1189
15 | ---- | 0.0410 || | |
-------+-----------+------------++-------+-----------+------------

The Belgian sheet zinc gauge is as follows:

+---------+-------------++---------+-------------+
| Gauge | Thickness in|| Gauge | Thickness in|
| number. |decimal parts|| number. |decimal parts|
| | of an inch. || | of an inch. |
+---------+-------------++---------+-------------+
| 1 | .004 || 14 | .037 |
| 2 | .006 || 15 | .041 |
| 3 | .008 || 16 | .045 |
| 4 | .009 || 17 | .052 |
| 5 | .011 || 18 | .059 |
| 6 | .013 || 19 | .067 |
| 7 | .015 || 20 | .074 |
| 8 | .017 || 21 | .082 |
| 9 | .019 || 22 | .089 |
| 10 | .022 || 23 | .097 |
| 11 | .026 || 24 | .104 |
| 12 | .030 || 25 | .111 |
| 13 | .034 || 26 | .120 |
+---------+-------------++---------+-------------+

The gauge sizes of the bores of rifles are given in the following table,[27] in which the first column gives the proper gauge diameter of bore, and the second the actual diameter containing the errors found to exist from errors of workmanship. The standard diameters are supposed to be based upon the number of spherical bullets to the pound weight, if of the same diameter as the respective gauge sizes.

[27] From _The English Mechanic_.

No. of Diameter of Bore.
Gauge.
4 varies from 1.052 to 1.000
6 " .919 " .900
8 " .835 " .820
10 " .775 " .760
12 " .729 " .750
14 " .693 " .680
16 " .662 " .650
20 " .615 " .610
24 " .579 " .577
28 " .550 " .548

The following table gives the result of some recent experiments made by Mr. David Kirkaldy, of London, to ascertain the tensile strength and resistance to torsion of wire made of various materials:

+-----------------------+--------------------------+
| |Pulling stress per sq. in.|
| Kind of wire tested. +-------------+------------+
| | Unannealed. | Annealed. |
+-----------------------+-------------+------------+
| | Pounds. | Pounds. |
|Copper | 63,122 | 37,002 |
|Brass | 81,156 | 51,550 |
|Charcoal iron | 65,834 | 46,160 |
|Coke iron | 64,321 | 61,294 |
|Steel | 120,976 | 74,637 |
|Phosphor bronze, No. 1 | 159,515 | 58,853 |
| " No. 2 | 151,119 | 64,569 |
| " No. 3 | 139,141 | 54,111 |
| " No. 4 | 120,900 | 53,381 |
+-----------------------+-------------+------------+

+-----------------------+------------+----------------------+
| | Ultimate | No. of twists in |
| Kind of wire tested. |extension in| 5 inches. |
| | per cent. +-----------+----------+
| | Annealed. |Unannealed.| Annealed.|
+-----------------------+------------+-----------+----------+
|Copper | 34.1 | 86.8 | 96 |
|Brass | 36.5 | 14.7 | 57 |
|Charcoal iron | 28 | 48 | 87 |
|Coke iron | 17 | 26 | 44 |
|Steel | 10.9 | [28] | 79 |
|Phosphor bronze, No. 1 | 46.6 | 13.3 | 66 |
| " No. 2 | 42.8 | 15.8 | 60 |
| " No. 3 | 44.9 | 17.3 | 53 |
| " No. 4 | 42.4 | 13 | 124 |
+-----------------------+------------+-----------+----------+

[28] Of the eight pieces of steel tested, three stood from forty to
forty-five twists, and five stood one and a half to four twists.

The following, on some experiments upon the elasticity of wires, is from the report of a committee read before the British Association at Sheffield, England.

"The most important of these experiments form a series that have been made on the elastic properties of very soft iron wire. The wire used was drawn for the purpose, and is extremely soft and very uniform. It is about No. 20 B.W.G., and its breaking weight, tested in the ordinary way, is about 45 lbs. This wire has been hung up in lengths of about 20 ft., and broken by weights applied, the breaking being performed more or less slowly.

"In the first place some experiments have been tried as to the smallest weight which, applied very cautiously and with precautions against letting the weight run down with sensible velocity, will break the wire. These experiments have not yet been very satisfactorily carried out, but it is intended to complete them.

"The other experiments have been carried out in the following way: It was found that a weight of 28 lbs. does not give permanent elongation to the wire taken as it was supplied by the wire drawer. Each length of the wire, therefore, as soon as it was hung up for experiment, was weighted with 28 lbs., and this weight was left hanging on the wire for 24 hours. Weights were then added till the wire broke, measurements as to elongation being taken at the same time. A large number of wires were broken with equal additions of weight, a pound at a time, at intervals of from three to five minutes--care being taken in all cases, however, not to add fresh weight if the wire could be seen to be running down under the effect of the weight last added. Some were broken with weights added at the rate of 1 lb. per day, some with 3/4 lb. per day, and some with 1/2 lb. per day. One experiment was commenced in which it was intended to break the wire at a very much slower rate than any of these. It was carried on for some months, but the wire unfortunately rusted, and broke at a place which was seen to be very much eaten away by rust, and with a very low breaking weight. A fresh wire has been suspended, and is now being tested. It has been painted with oil, and has now been under experiment for several months.

"The following tables will show the general results of these experiments. It will be seen, in the first place, that the prolonged application of stress has a very remarkable effect in increasing the strength of soft iron wire. Comparing the breaking weights for the wire quickly broken with those for the same wire slowly broken, it will be seen that in the latter case the strength of the wire is from two to ten per cent. higher than in the former, and is on the average about five or six per cent. higher. The result as to elongation is even more remarkable, and was certainly more unexpected. It will be seen from the tables that, in the case of the wire quickly drawn out, the elongation is on the average more than three times as great as in the case of the wire drawn out slowly. There are two wires for which the breaking weights and elongations are given in the tables, both of them 'bright' wires, which showed this difference very remarkably. They broke without showing any special peculiarity as to breaking weight, and without known difference as to treatment, except in the time during which the application of the breaking weight was made. One of them broke with 44-1/4 lbs., the experiment lasting one hour and a half; the other with 47 lbs., the time occupied in applying the weight being 39 days. The former was drawn out by 28.5 per cent. on its original length, the latter by only 4.79 per cent.

"It is found during the breaking of these wires that the wire becomes alternately more yielding and less yielding to stress applied. Thus from weights applied gradually between 28 lbs. and 31 lbs. or 32 lbs., there is very little yielding, and very little elongation of the wire. For equal additions of weight between 33 lbs. and about 37 lbs. the elongation is very great. After 37 lbs. have been put on, the wire seems to get stiff again, till a weight of about 40 lbs. has been applied. Then there is a rapid running down till 45 lbs. has been reached. The wire then becomes stiff again, and often remains so till it breaks. It is evident that this subject requires careful investigation."

TABLES SHOWING THE BREAKING OF SOFT IRON WIRES AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS.

I.--WIRE QUICKLY BROKEN.

+------------------------+-----------+---------------+
| | Breaking | Per cent. of |
| Rate of adding weight. | weight in | elongation on |
| | pounds. | original |
| | | length. |
+------------------------+-----------+---------------+
| _Dark Wire._[29] | | |
| 0-1/4 lb. per minute | 45 | 25.4 |
| 1 " 5 minutes | 45-1/4 | 25.9 |
| " 5 " | 45-1/4 | 24.9 |
| " 4 " | 44-1/4 | 24.58 |
| " 3 " | 44-1/4 | 24.88 |
| " 3 " | 45-1/4 | 29.58 |
| " 5 " | 44-1/4 | 27.78 |
| _Bright Wire._[29] | | |
| 1 lb. per 5 minutes | 44-1/4 | 28.5 |
| " 5 " | 44-1/4 | 27.0 |
| " 4 " | 44-1/4 | 27.1 |
+------------------------+-----------+---------------+

[29] The wire used was all of the same quality and gauge, but the
"dark" and "bright" wire had gone through slightly different
processes for the purpose of annealing.

II.--WIRE SLOWLY BROKEN.

+--------------------+------------+--------------------+
| Weight added and | Breaking | Per cent. of |
| number of | weight in | elongation on |
| experiment. | pounds. | original length. |
+--------------------+------------+--------------------+
| 1. 1 lb. per day | 48 | 7.58 |
| 2. " " | 46 | 8.13 |
| 3. " " | 47 | 7.05 |
| 4. " " | 47 | 6.51 |
| 5. " " | 47 | 8.62 |
| 6. " " | 47 | 5.17 |
| 7. " " | 46 | 5.50 |
| 8. " " | 47 | 6.92 bright wire |
| 1. 3/4 lb. per day | 49 | 8.50 |
| 2. " " | 48-1/4 | 8.81 |
| 3. " " | Broken by accident. |
| 4. " " | 46 | 7.55 |
| 5. " " | 46 | 6.41 |
| 6. " " | 45-1/2 | 6.62 |
| 1. 1/2 lb. per day | 48 | 8.26 |
| 2. " " | 50 | 8.42 |
| 3. " " | 49 | 7.18 |
| 4. " " | 47 | 4.79} |
| 5. " " | 46-1/2 | 6.00} bright wires |
+--------------------+------------+--------------------+

The American Standard diameters of solid drawn or seamless brass and copper tube are as in the following table.

+----------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| Outside |Thickness Stubs's| Weight per | Weight per |
|diameter. | wire-gauge. | running foot. | running foot. |
| | | Brass tubes. | Copper tubes. |
+----------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| 5/8 | 18 | 3/8 | 3/8 |
| 3/4 | 17 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| 13/16 | 17 | 9/16 | 9/16 |
| 7/8 | 17 | 5/8 | 5/8 |
| 15/16 | 16 | 11/16 | 11/16 |
| 1 | 16 | 3/4 | 3/4 |
| 1-1/8 | 16 | 7/8 | 7/8 |
| 1-1/4 | 12 and 14 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/4 |
| 1-3/8 | 12 " 14 | 1-3/8 | 1-3/8 |
| 1-1/2 | 12 " 14 | 1-1/2 | 1-6/10 |
| 1-5/8 | 12 " 14 | 1-5/8 | 1-7/10 |
| 1-3/4 | 12 " 14 | 1-3/4 | 1-8/10 |
| 1-13/16 | 12 " 14 | 1-13/16 | 1-9/10 |
| 1-7/8 | 12 " 14 | 1-7/8 | 1-15/16 |
| 1-15/16 | 12 " 14 | 2 | 2-1/10 |
| 2 | 12 " 14 | 2-1/8 | 2-1/4 |
| 2-1/8 | 12 " 14 | 2-1/4 | 2-3/8 |
| 2-1/4 | 12 " 14 | 2-3/8 | 2-1/3 |
| 2-3/8 | 12 " 14 | 2-1/2 | 2-2/3 |
| 2-1/2 | 11 " 13 | 2-3/4 | 3 |
| 2-5/8 | 11 " 13 | 3 | 3-1/8 |
| 2-3/4 | 11 " 13 | 3-1/8 | 3-1/4 |
| 2-7/8 | 11 " 13 | 3-1/4 | 3-3/8 |
| 3 | 11 " 13 | 3-3/8 | 3-1/2 |
| 3-1/8 | 11 " 13 | 3-1/2 | 3-3/4 |
| 3-1/4 | 11 " 13 | 3-7/8 | 4-1/8 |
| 3-3/8 | 11 " 13 | 4-1/8 | 4-1/4 |
| 3-1/2 | 11 " 13 | 4-1/4 | 4-3/8 |
| 4 | 11 " 13 | 5 | 5-1/4 |
| 4-1/4 | 11 " 13 | 6 | 6-1/2 |
| 5 | 10 " 12 | 7 | 8 |
| 6 | 10 " 12 | 9 | 10 |
+----------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+