Chapter CLIII: Appendix: Part II (2)

=U. S. standard thread.= A V-shaped thread having a flat place at the top and bottom.

V

=Vernier= (vër'ni-er). A measuring device in which two sets of lines of division are employed, one set being narrower spaced than the other, but so spaced that in a certain number of divisions the two end lines of each piece measure exactly alike: this provides a means of making a minute measurement.

=Vise.= A work-holding device in which one jaw is movable and the other stationary.

=Vise-clamp.= A piece of metal placed on the vise jaw and passing between it and the work to prevent the jaw teeth from indenting the work.

=[V]-thread.= A V-shaped thread, sharp at the top and bottom.

W

=Warding file.= A thin file suitable for filing out the wards of the keys of door locks, etc.

=Washer.= A perforated disc of metal, usually forming a seating for some other piece as a rest or a pin.

=Wheel lathe.= A lathe for turning wheels.

=Whitworth's quick-return motion.= A mechanism employed to move a cutting tool faster on its return than on its cutting stroke.

=Whitworth's thread.= A screw thread designed by Sir Joseph Whitworth, and having a rounded top and bottom.

=Winding strips.= A pair of straight edges, used to detect any wind or twist in surfaces that ought to be parallel.

=Wing-nut.= A nut having wings so that it may be screwed up with the fingers.

=Wire-gauge.= A gauge having notches in it that are standards of size for wire, for the thickness of sheet metal, for screws, etc., etc.

=Worm-wheel.= A wheel whose teeth are formed to work with a worm or screw.

=Wrench.= A tool for turning nuts, etc.

Y

=Yoke.= A piece that embraces two other pieces to hold them together, or adjust their distance apart.

INDEX TO THE TWO VOLUMES.

A

Absolute steam pressure, ii, 411.
Accidents to locomotives, ii, 402.
Accurate standards, i, 341.
Admission of steam to indicator, ii, 414.
point of, ii, 376.
Adjustable centre rest, ii, 14.
chucks for true work, i, 235.
cutters, i, 448.
with half-round bit, i, 281.
die stock, i, 448.
drivers for bolt-heads, i, 224.
end measurement gauges, i, 377.
or jamb dies, i, 98.
planes, ii, 269.
reamers, i, 189, 284, ii, 99.
shell reamers, i, 284.
tap wrenches, i, 110.
taps, i, 104.
wrenches, various forms of, i, 125.
Adjusting connecting rod brasses, ii, 385.
length of connecting rods, ii, 126.
main bearings, ii, 386.
parts of a locomotive, ii, 404.
Adjustment of band saws, ii, 309.
by differential screw, i, 119.
Advantages of face cutters, i, 108.
of involute gear teeth, i, 34.
Air brake for locomotives, ii, 398.
Air chambers, ii, 388, 441.
Air pumps, ii, 441.
Aligning connecting rods, ii, 119, 124.
Alignment in crank pins, errors, ii, 169.
of cranks, testing the, ii, 167.
of lathe tail stocks, i, 145.
Allen valve, ii, 377.
Allowance, for contraction fits, i, 366.
for hydraulic fits, i, 365.
Alteration of shape of threads from the wear of tools, i, 89.
Angle irons, welding of, ii, 236.
of clearance in lathe tools, i, 257.
plate chucking, examples of, i, 251.
plates for planer tables, i, 418.
valve patterns, ii, 283, 284.
Angles for the facets of scrapers, ii, 97.
of cutting edges of chisels, ii, 74.
of thread cutting tools, i, 91.
Angular advance of eccentrics, ii, 380.
cutters, ii, 19.
cutters for groove cutting, ii, 27.
of helical teeth, i, 69.
teeth, and thrust of, i, 69.
herring-bone, i, 69.
velocity of gear-wheels, i, 6.
Angularity of connecting rods, ii, 375.
Annular emery wheels, ii, 47.
wheels, i, 1.
compared with spur, i, 32.
Anvils, ii, 230.
Apparatus for oiling, ii, 439, 440.
Appliances for bending timber, ii, 265.
for tapping standard work, i, 111.
Aprons, lathe, feed motion for, i, 168.
Apron tools for planers, i, 411.
Arbors, adjustable, i, 227.
cutter, ii, 25.
emery wheel, construction of, i, 198.
expanding, i, 227.
for eccentric work, i, 229.
shell reamers, i, 283.
threaded work, i, 228.
lathe, i, 227.
Arc of approach of gear-wheels, i, 13, 16.
of contact of gear-wheels, i, 17, 25.
of recess of gear-wheels, i, 13, 16, 20.
Area of the indicator diagram, ii, 419.
Arms for pulleys, ii, 279.
pivoted, for tooth templates, i, 44.
Atmosphere, influence of, on oils, ii, 153.
Auger bit, i, 453.
Augers for end-grain wood, i, 454.
Augers for wood boring, ii, 342.
Automatic air brake, ii, 398.
cut-off engines, ii, 423.
engine, high speed, ii, 427.
engine, straight line, ii, 428.
wheel governors, ii, 427.
feed motions, i, 408; ii, 8.
gear cutter, ii, 54.
nut tapping machine socket, ii, 475.
grindstone traversing device, ii, 53.
Auxiliary valve, ii, 438, 439.
Ax handle lathes, i, 210.
Axle boxes, hot, ii, 403.
locomotive, ii, 148.
brasses, testing, i, 366.
Axles, crank, lathes for turning, i, 152.
forging, ii, 259.

B

Babbitting boxes, methods of, ii, 155.
Babbitt metal-lined boxes, ii, 155.
Back-gear of lathe, i, 135, 145.
throwing in and out, i, 165.
treble, i, 143.
Back-knife gauge lathe, i, 211.
Back rest, i, 233.
Balanced valves, ii, 377.
Balancing cutter heads, ii, 324, 326.
emery wheels, ii, 39.
pulleys, ii, 202.
Ball turning, i, 325.
Banking fires, ii, 401.
Band saw machines, ii, 308, 311, 312.
Band saw guides, ii, 311.
teeth, ii, 308-310.
pitch of, ii, 309.
tension, ii, 310, 311.
Bar cutters, boring, i, 289.
the shapes of, i, 291.
Bar iron, straightening, i, 305.
Barometer, graduation of, ii, 416.
construction of, ii, 415.
Bars, boring, i, 289.
boring, with fixed heads, i, 290.
Bar steel, forms of, for chisels, ii, 73.
Beading bits, ii, 270, 271.
Bearings, adjusting, ii, 386.
for lead screw, i, 139.
of engine lathes, i, 134.
of line shafting, ii, 166.
surfaces of keys, i, 126.
thrust of, ii, 445.
various forms of, ii, 147.
wear of, i, 158.
Beating and pounding, causes of, ii, 168.
Bedding brasses in their boxes, ii, 132.
Beds, planer, flat guideways for, i, 414.
planer, oiling devices for, i, 415.
Belt stretching clamps, ii, 210.
lacings, covers for, ii, 215.
forms of, ii, 214.
Belt pumps, ii, 388.
shifting mechanism, i, 406, 407.
Belts, bevelled joints for, ii, 215.
changing or shipping, ii, 217.
driving power of, ii, 208-225.
friction, coefficient of, ii, 222.
grain side, weak, ii, 208.
to pulley, ii, 209.
guide pulleys for, ii, 211.
lap joints for, ii, 215.
length of, ii, 209.
line of motion of, ii, 217.
parts of hide used for, ii, 207.
pegged, ii, 215.
single and double, ii, 208.
stretch of, parts of hide, ii, 208.
the creep of, ii, 222.
length of, ii, 209.
sag of, ii, 210.
tension of, ii, 211, 224.
torsional moment, ii, 223.
[V] or angular, ii, 217.
Bench lathes, i, 130.
Bending appliances, ii, 226, 265.
block for wood, ii, 265, 266.
iron, ii, 226, 240.
timber, ii, 265, 266.
wood, modern methods, ii, 265.
Bent files, use of, ii, 93.
Bevel gear teeth, originating, i, 22.
pinion, drawings for, i, 59.
protractors, i, 380.
squares, i, 380.
wheel, body pattern, i, 59.
Bevel wheels, i, 1, 21, 61.
formation of the teeth of, i, 22.
testing the angle of, i, 60.
Bilge injection marine engines, ii, 441.
Billiard cues, steady rest for, i, 233.
Birmingham wire gauge for gold and silver, i, 387.
Bit, half round, i, 281.
Bits for wood working, ii, 342.
Blacksmith's anvils, ii, 230.
drilling levers, i, 456.
fire, side blast for, ii, 228.
forges, ii, 228, 229.
swages, ii, 230, 231.
temper, ii, 460.
tools, ii, 229, 230.
work, swaging, ii, 232.
Blade, form of, necessary to produce a given shape of moulding, ii, 77.
Block planes, ii, 269.
Blocks for filing pins, ii, 104.
pillow for shafting, ii, 194.
or pillar, patterns for, ii, 277.
swage, ii, 232.
Blotting paper, oil test, ii, 154.
Blowing down boilers, ii, 370.
Blows upon plates, effects of, ii, 69.
Blow through valve, ii, 440.
Boiler fitting joints, ii, 140.
Boilermakers, drilling machine, i, 435.
drilling machine, feed motion, i, 436.
Boilermakers' turning machine, i, 435.
Boiler, blowing down, ii, 370.
cleaning, ii, 370.
evaporative efficiency of, ii, 366.
examining, ii, 458.
factors of safety of, ii, 355.
feed water, ii, 370.
feeding, instruction upon, ii, 370.
fire cleaning, ii, 369.
cleaning tools, ii, 369.
for stationary engine, ii, 350.
gauge cocks, ii, 368.
grate bars, ii, 369.
bars, shaking, ii, 369.
horizontal, return tubes, ii, 361.
lighting the fire under, ii, 368.
internally fired, ii, 358.
plate, the strength of, ii, 351.
settings, ii, 364-366.
seams, diameter of rivets, ii, 356.
treble riveted, ii, 353.
shells, drilling machines for, i, 436.
the strains on, ii, 351.
the strength of, ii, 350.
strains on, ii, 355.
the care and management of, ii, 368.
tubes, for fire engines, ii, 431.
vertical, ii, 359.
external uptakes, ii, 361.
water gauge glass of, ii, 368.
with Field tubes, ii, 359.
Boilers, low water in, ii, 370.
of marine engines, ii, 436, 437.
of steam fire engines, ii, 431.
priming in, ii, 370.
Bolt-cutting machine, head of, i, 466.
dies, i, 473.
rapid, i, 467.
the construction of dies for, i, 473.
with automatic stop motion, i, 466.
back gear, i, 467.
Bolt-forging, ii, 238.
Bolt-threading machinery, i, 468.
capacity of, i, 471.
construction of, i, 468-472.
Bolted connecting-rod straps, ii, 116.
Bolt-heads, adjustable drivers for, i, 224.
bedding, i, 117.
filing, ii, 105.
Bolt-holes, classification of, i, 112.
Bolts and nuts, table for, i, 114.
Bolts, classification of, i, 112.
countersunk, i, 112.
devices for forging, ii, 238.
for foundations, forms of, i, 113.
planer tables, forms of, i, 417.
quick removal, i, 116.
forms of drivers for, i, 224.
hook, i, 113.
not passing through the work, i, 117.
rapid construction of, i, 468.
removing corroded, i, 122.
self-locking, i, 117.
Bore gauge, i, 387.
Boring and turning mill or lathe, i, 211.
bar, centres for, i, 293.
cutters, i, 289.
cutters, shapes of, i, 291.
bars, i, 289.
for taper work, forms of, i, 292.
three or four cutters for, i, 290.
with fixed heads, i, 290.
with sliding heads, i, 290.
double-coned work, i, 293.
end grain wood, augers for, i, 453.
head with nut feed, i, 291.
heads, i, 288.
lathe for engine cylinders, i, 219.
with double heads, i, 220.
with traversing spindle, i, 218.
mill, i, 211.
purposes, chucking lathe for, i, 152.
tool holders, i, 287.
tools for brass, lathe, and small work, i, 285-287.
octagon, holders for, i, 175.
the spring of, i, 286.
Boring-machine, i, 431.
for car wheels, i, 438.
wood, ii, 342.
horizontal, i, 433.
pulley, i, 438.
the feed motion of, i, 432.
Box wrenches, i, 124.
body chucks, i, 237.
tools for screw machines, i, 208.
Brace drill, i, 455.
with multiplying gear, i, 456.
ratchet motion, i, 456.
Brad awl, i, 452.
Brake for lathe pulley, i, 149.
for pattern lathe, i, 149.
lathe, i, 151.
Branch pipe core boxes, ii, 286.
Brasses, fitting to their journals, ii, 145.
Brasses, for connecting rods, adjusting, ii, 120-127, 130-132.
lead lined, ii, 148.
oil cavities for, ii, 150.
open, ii, 149.
various forms of, ii, 127, 147.
Brass work, boring tools for, i, 286.
front tools for, i, 264.
hand tool for roughing out, i, 332.
side tools for, i, 264.
special lathes for, i, 217.
Breast drill with double gear, i, 456.
Broaches, construction of, i, 479.
Broaching press, i, 478.
Broken frames, repairing, ii, 178.
Brush wheels, for polishing, ii, 50.
speed of, ii, 50.
Built-up gearwheels, i, 61.
Burnishing lathe work, i, 311.
Butt joints, boiler, ii, 352.
Butt welds, ii, 236.
Buzz planer, ii, 315.
By-pass valve, ii, 438.

C

Calculating the horse power of engines, ii, 407, 419.
revolutions of, and power transmitted by, gear wheels, i, 5.
speeds of pulleys, ii, 204.
strength of gear teeth, i, 65.
strength of riveted seams, ii, 354.
horse power by indicator diagrams, ii, 418, 419.
Calculations, safety-valve, ii, 409.
Calendar roll lathe, i, 195, 215.
Caliper, the micrometer, i, 354.
Calipers, compass, i, 378.
holding and using, i, 361, 362.
inside, i, 360.
spring, i, 360.
with locking devices, i, 360.
Cam chuck for irregular work, i, 328.
motion for an engine slide-valve without steam lap, i, 83.
motions, applications of, i, 327.
for engines, i, 83.
return or backing, i, 82.
Cams, finding the pitch line of, i, 80.
finding the working face of, i, 80.
originating in the lathe, i, 326.
return, finding the shapes of, i, 82.
Capacity of pumps, ii, 388.
of thread cutting machine, i, 471.
Cape chisels or cross-cut chisels, ii, 74.
Car axle lathe, i, 147.
the feed motions of, i, 148.
Carpenter's chisel, ii, 77.
Carriages, lathe, testing, ii, 182.
for lathes, i, 137, 145.
Carriers, lathe, i, 222.
Car wheels, boring machine for, i, 438.
Case-hardening, ii, 128, 442.
finished work, ii, 129.
preparing work for, ii, 129.
Casting pillow blocks, ii, 277.
Cast gear, contact of the teeth of, i, 67.
iron, internal strains, i, 306.
teeth, contact of, i, 67.
scale for curves of, i, 51.
side clearance, i, 53.
Cat head, i, 233.
steady rest, i, 233.
Caulking tools, ii, 141.
Cement chuck, i, 242.
Cements used in the manufacture of emery wheels, ii, 38.
Centre bit, i, 454.
dead, methods of removing, i, 159.
drill and countersink, i, 300.
chuck, i, 302.
drilling lathe attachment, i, 300.
chucks for, i, 303.
machine, i, 300.
live, removing, i, 159.
of rough work, i, 301.
planer, i, 408.
punch, i, 300.
guide, i, 301.
Centres for boring bars, i, 293.
for hollow work, i, 226.
lathe, i, 296.
shaping machines, i, 397.
taper work, i, 226.
live, tapers for, i, 159.
Centring devices for crank axles, i, 230.
square, i, 300.
work with the scribing block, i, 301.
Chain riveted joints, ii, 352.
Chambering or gumming, ii, 290.
Change gears, arrangement of, i, 319.
gears, compounded, i, 321.
table for finding, for screw cutting, i, 180.
hanging, i, 158.
wheels, pitches of teeth, i, 182, 321.
Changing or slipping belts, ii, 217.
Chasers, errors in applying, i, 336.
forms of, i, 268.
holders, i, 268.
improved form of, i, 90.
outside and inside, i, 335.
setting, i, 268.
Check valves, ii, 388.
Chisels, angle of presentation, ii, 77.
angles of cutting edges, ii, 74.
blacksmith's, ii, 230.
cape or cross-cut, ii, 74.
carpenter's, ii, 77.
cow-mouthed, ii, 75.
curved or oil groove, ii, 76.
cutting ends of, ii, 74.
diamond point, ii, 76.
dimensions of, ii, 74.
for wood, ii, 271.
handles for, ii, 271.
holders, ii, 74.
machinist's application of, ii, 76.
round-nosed, ii, 76.
shapes of cutting edges, ii, 74.
the use of, ii, 76.
Chucking device for pulleys, i, 318.
devices for planer tables, i, 408.
errors in, i, 250.
lathe for boring purposes, i, 152.
machine beds, on a planer, i, 421.
on angle plates, i, 251.
reamers, for true work, i, 283.
the halves of large pulleys on a planer, i, 422.
Chucks and chucking, i, 234.
Chucks, box body, i, 237.
cement, i, 242.
combination, i, 237.
cone, i, 232.
contracting, for lathes, i, 188.
drill, i, 446.
drill-holding, construction of, ii, 41.
expanding, i, 188.
for centre-drilling and countersinking, i, 303.
large planing machines, i, 422.
milling machines, ii, 31.
screw machine, i, 205.
straightening wire, i, 305.
true work, adjustable, i, 235.
wood-working lathes, i, 242.
independent, i, 238.
planer, for curved work, i, 420.
planer, for grooved work, i, 419.
reversible jawed, i, 237.
special forms of, i, 234-241.
swivelling, i, 395.
tailstock for drilled work, i, 279.
the wear of, i, 240.
three and four-jawed, i, 237.
two-jawed, i, 236.
universal, i, 238.
various forms of, i, 394.
vise, for vise work, i, 396.
vise, holding taper work in, i, 394.
vise, rapid motion, i, 396.
Circle, dividing the, i, 348.
rolling, for change gears, i, 16.
Circular cutters, i, 272; ii, 22.
cutters, tool holders for, i, 272.
cutting tools, i, 267.
plane, ii, 268.
saw gauges, ii, 287.
inserting teeth, ii, 290, 291.
machine, roll feed, ii, 298, 300.
mandrel hole, size of, ii, 287.
segmental, ii, 300.
stretching by heat, ii, 288.
tension, ii, 288.
Circular slide valves, ii, 377.
Circulating pumps, ii, 440.
Circumferential seam strength, ii, 356.
grindstone speed, ii, 52.
Clamp couplings, ii, 197.
Clamping work on face plates, i, 245.
Clamps, belt, ii, 210.
chucking, i, 245.
for steady rests, i, 233.
polishing for lathe-work, i, 311.
steady rest, i, 233.
vise, various forms of, ii, 64.
Classification of bolts, i, 112.
of bolt heads, i, 112.
of lathes, i, 129.
of measuring tools, i, 354.
Cleaning boilers, ii, 370.
files, ii, 94.
Clearance in cast gear teeth, i, 53.
of front tools, i, 254.
of planer tools, i, 424.
of taps, i, 102.
of tools for square threads, i, 269.
of twist drills, i, 274, 275.
on cutter, ii, 35.
Clements driver, i, 223.
Clinker hook, ii, 369.
Clip-ended connecting-rod, ii, 115.
Clock wheels, i, 21.
Clutches, friction, ii, 192.
Cocks and plugs, grinding, ii, 144.
leaky, ii, 145.
Cogged gear-wheels, i, 63.
Cogs, durability of, i, 66.
strength of, i, 66.
thickness of, i, 66.
methods of fastening, i, 63.
Cold-rolled shafting, ii, 187.
Collapsing tap, screw machine, i, 107.
taps, tapping machine, i, 107.
Collar gauges and standard plug, i, 356.
for threads, i, 91.
testing, i, 356.
Collars for shafting, ii, 189.
Color tempering, ii, 460.
Combination chucks, i, 237.
Combination planes, ii, 269, 270.
Combined centre-drill and countersink, i, 300.
cutting off tools and holders, i, 273.
drilling machine and lathe, i, 433.
Compass planes, ii, 268, 269.
Compasses, i, 377.
Compound engines, ii, 434, 435.
slide rest, i, 140.
tool holders for, i, 174.
Compounded gears, i, 320.
Compounds for welding, ii, 234.
Compression curve of engines, ii, 422.
Compression curve, ii, 415.
line, ii, 415.
the point of, ii, 376.
Concave saw, ii, 287, 288.
Condenser, total pressure in, ii, 444.
Condensing engine diagram, ii, 415.
Cone chuck, i, 232.
Connecting-rods, adjusting the length of, ii, 126.
angularity of, ii, 375.
brasses, adjusting, ii, 385.
joint faces of, ii, 122.
lining up, ii, 126.
double gibbed, ii, 116.
ends, tapered, ii, 117.
fitting up, ii, 118.
keys, ii, 375.
keyways, filing out, ii, 120.
locomotive, ii, 115.
length of, ii, 123.
marine engine, ii, 116.
marking length of, ii, 123.
repairing, ii, 125.
setting up keys of, ii, 126.
solid-ended, ii, 114.
strap-ended, ii, 115.
straps, ii, 120.
bolted, ii, 116.
stepped, ii, 117.
trammelling the length of, ii, 122.
various forms of, ii, 117.
welding up stub ends of, ii, 119.
Construction of gland patterns, ii, 276.
of groove cams, i, 84.
of lathe carriages, i, 137.
of emery wheel arbors, i, 198.
of tailstock of engine lathe, i, 135.
of reciprocating cross-cut saw, ii, 312.
of scroll sawing machines, ii, 306, 307.
of the barometer, ii, 415.
Contact of cast teeth, i, 67.
Contracting chucks for lathes, i, 188.
Contraction or shrinking fits, i, 366.
Convection, ii, 412.
Conversion of heat into work, ii, 411.
Cope cutters, ii, 344.
Core boxes for branch pipes, ii, 286.
Core box plane, i, 269.
Cored work, drivers for, i, 225.
Corliss engine, ii, 423, 424.
valve, lap of, ii, 426, 427.
valve gear, ii, 424, 425.
Correcting the errors of thread pitch caused by hardening, i, 109.
Corroded bolts, removing, i, 122.
nuts, removing, i, 122.
Cotter or keyway drilling machine, i, 438.
drills, i, 446.
Counterbore and drill, i, 449.
Countershafts, ii, 191.
Countersink cutters, i, 449.
Countersink, for hardened work, i, 303.
for lathe work, i, 302.
with adjustable drill, i, 300.
Countersinking, chucks for, i, 303.
Countersinks, i, 285.
Countersunk bolt heads, i, 112.
Coupling for light shafting, ii, 198.
plate, ii, 196.
universal, ii, 199.
Couplings, clamp, ii, 197.
for line shafting, ii, 194.
for split sleeves, ii, 195.
self-adjusting, ii, 196.
Covers for belt lacings, ii, 215.
Cow mouthed chisel, ii, 75.
Crank, application of slide-rest, i, 152.
axles, centring devices, i, 230.
axles, lathe for turning, i, 152.
drill, i, 457.
lathe for turning, i, 154.
motion for shaping machines, i, 401.
simple, i, 13.
placing at right angles, ii, 156.
Crank-pin aligning, errors, ii, 158, 170.
remedying errors of, ii, 171.
riveting, ii, 73.
Crank-pins, hot, ii, 386.
Crank position, engine starting, ii, 384.
Crank-shaft, forging, ii, 248, 249.
setting eccentrics on, ii, 174.
Cranks, placing at right angles, ii, 156.
special lathe chuck for, i, 248.
testing the alignment of, ii, 167.
Creep of belts, ii, 211.
Cropping gauge, ii, 296.
Cross-bar, construction of, i, 409.
Cross-cut, or cape chisels, ii, 74.
saws, ii, 272, 273, 312.
Cross-cutting or gaining machine, ii, 305.
Cross-feed motion, construction of, i, 138.
Cross-files, ii, 91.
Crossfiling, ii, 92, 93.
Cross-head chucking, i, 251, 253.
Cross-heads of steam engines, ii, 375.
Crowding of cutters, to avoid, ii, 27.
Crowned pulleys, ii, 200.
Crowns of brasses, shapes of, ii, 127.
Crown wheels, i, 1.
Curve of expansion of indicator diagrams, ii, 414.
of gear wheel teeth, variation of, i, 12.
Curved or oil groove chisel, ii, 76.
work, planer chuck for, i, 410.
work, turning, i, 314, 315.
Curves, compression, ii, 415.
marking, by hand, i, 45.
of gear teeth for bevel gear, i, 22.
templates for, i, 384.
Cushioned hammers, ii, 252, 253.
Cut, and kinds of rasps, ii, 87.
of files, ii, 86.
gear-wheel teeth, strength of, i, 65.
Cut-off engines, ii, 423.
the point of, ii, 376.
valves, ii, 378.
Cutter, adjustable, i, 448.
adjustable on half-round bit, i, 281.
angle for worm wheels, i, 43.
angle of, for spiral grooves, ii, 29.
arbors, ii, 25.
boring-bar, the shapes of, i, 291.
clearance of, ii, 35.
grinding taper, thin edge, ii, 33.
heads, ii, 337.
heads for planing machines, ii, 320.
revolving, for gear teeth, i, 37.
Cutters, angular, ii, 18.
angular, grooving, setting of, ii, 28.
circular, ii, 22.
countersink, i, 449.
crowding, to avoid, ii, 27.
face, ii, 17.
fly, ii, 21.
for drilling machines, i, 442.
edge moulding, ii, 341.
friezing machines, ii, 340.
moulding machines, ii, 340.
mouldings, ii, 336, 337.
standard shapes, i, 111.
gang or composite, ii, 23.
holders for fly, ii, 22.
matched, ii, 73.
milling, ii, 16.
milling, errors in grinding, ii, 32.
parallel, fixture for grinding, ii, 32.
right and left-hand, ii, 18.
rotary, for all kinds of work, ii, 341.
shank, ii, 19.
sizes of, ii, 17.
slide of gear-cutter, operating, ii, 55.
spiral, grinding teeth of, ii, 36.
tube-plate, i, 448.
twin, ii, 18.
with inserted teeth, ii, 24.
with spiral teeth, ii, 17.
Cutting cams in the lathe, i, 326.
coarse pitch square threads, i, 269.
double threads, i, 322.
edge of chisels, angles of, ii, 74.
of chisels, shapes of, ii, 74.
on drills, clearance, ii, 43, 44.
edges for dies, number of, i, 471.
for taps, number of, i, 105.
ends of chisels, ii, 74.
feeds for wrought iron, i, 294.
files, ii, 101.
gauge, ii, 274.
grooves in cylindrical work, ii, 27.
helical teeth in the lathe, i, 69.
iron when hot, ii, 263.
keyways by hand, ii, 108.
left-hand threads, i, 322.
out keyways by drifts, ii, 109.
steam ports, jigs for, i, 441.
right and left-hand grooves, ii, 29.
right or left-hand thread, single, double, or treble, with same
dies, i, 99.
screws by the metric system, i, 322.
screw thread by hand, i, 62.
speeds, examples of, i, 295.
for threading dies, i, 474.
for wrought iron, i, 294.
taper threads, i, 338.
threads, multiple, i, 322.
on taper work, i, 324.
tools, circular, i, 267.
producing gauges for, i, 92.
power required to drive, i, 273.
the utmost duty of, i, 258.
wheels, angle of cutter for, i, 43.
wood slips, ii, 271.
worm-wheel teeth in the lathe, i, 42.
Cutting-off machine, i, 193.
tool for screw machines, i, 208.
tools, i, 262, 273.
Cycloidal curves for gear teeth, i, 8.
Cylinder boring lathe with facing slide rests, i, 219.
cover joints, ii, 137.
cover, turning a, i, 318.
ends, scraping out, ii, 161.
Cylinder heads, knocking out, ii, 402.
Cylinders, bores of, ii, 372.
clearance in, ii, 372.
counterbore of, ii, 372.
for steam engines, ii, 372.
jacketed, ii, 374.
lagging, ii, 374.
lubricating, ii, 373.
reboring in place, ii, 160.
relief valves for, ii, 373.
steam, ports of, ii, 373.
waste water cocks of, ii, 373.
wear of, ii, 372.
Cylindrical work, cutting grooves, ii, 27.

D

Dancing governors, ii, 384.
Dead-centre, finding the, ii, 174.
methods of removing, i, 159.
of the crank, finding the, ii, 172.
Deflection of surface plates, ii, 135.
Depth of gear wheel teeth, i, 42.
Designing slide valves, ii, 380.
Detachable slide rest, i, 143.
Determining the pitches of the teeth for change wheels, i, 182.
Diagram, theoretical, ii, 414.
the uses of, ii, 413.
Diagrams for condensing engine, ii, 415.
indicator, ii, 414.
defective, ii, 421.
Diameter at the roots of threads, i, 269.
of circle for generating curves of gear teeth, i, 10.
of the pitch circle of wheels, i, 1.
Diameters of line shafting, ii, 189.
Diametral clearance of twist drills, i, 274.
Diamond point chisel, ii, 76.
Diamond pointed tool for lathe work, i, 254.
Dictionary of work-shop terms, ii, 473.
Die stock for pipe-threading by hand, i, 463.
by power, i, 463.
Dies, adjustable, i, 98.
for finishing square threads, i, 269.
for forging eye-bars, ii, 260.
for gas and steam pipes, i, 101.
or chasers in the heads of bolt-cutting machines, i, 463.
the wear of, i, 89.
with four cutting edges, i, 100.
Differential threads for locking, i, 119.
Displacement of pumps, ii, 387.
Distance between bearings of line-shafting, ii, 186.
Dividers, i, 377.
Dividing device for circle, i, 352.
engine, i, 349.
mechanism for gear cutting, ii, 57.
Division of the circle, i, 348.
Dog-head hammer, ii, 69.
Dogs, lathe, various kinds of, i, 222.
movable for face-plate work, i, 250.
Donkey engines, ii, 442.
Double beat valves, ii, 443.
eye, filing up a, ii, 103.
forging of, ii, 240.
eyes, fitting pins in, i, 121.
gibbed connecting rod, ii, 115.
head panel raiser and sticker, ii, 335.
heads for planing machines, i, 404.
ported side valves, ii, 377.
rapid bolt threading machine, i, 467.
riveted lap joint, ii, 352.
saw machine, ii, 294, 295.
spindle milling machine, ii, 16.
threads, cutting, i, 322.
tool holder for slide rest, i, 169.
wheel sanding machines, ii, 348.
Double-coned work, boring, i, 293.
Dovetail joint, ii, 275.
Draught of keys, i, 127.
Draw filing, ii, 93.
Drawing the temper, ii, 462.
Drawings for bevel pinion, i, 59.
for gear wheels, i, 59.
Drifts, forms of, ii, 109.
methods of using, ii, 160.
Drill, and counter-bore, i, 449.
brace, i, 445.
universal joint for, i, 456.
with multiplying gear, i, 456.
with ratchet motion, i, 456.
chucks, i, 446; ii, 41.
cranks, i, 457.
for stone, i, 454.
for wood work, i, 449.
grinding, varied for diameter, ii, 41.
conditions for all diameters, ii, 41.
holders, flat, for lathe work, i, 281.
holders, twist, i, 274.
machine, grinding, ii, 41.
position, for all drills, ii, 41.
shanks, i, 445.
shank, improved form of, i, 446.
sockets, i, 445.
with cord, i, 455.
with spring motion, i, 455.
Drilled work, tailstock chucks for, i, 279.
Drilling and boring machine, i, 431.
feed motion of, i, 432.
device for lock work, i, 459.
engine cylinders, jigs for, i, 440, 441.
hard metal, i, 445.
Drilling holes true to location with flat drills, i, 442.
levers for blacksmith, i, 457.
square holes, device for, i, 450.
taper holes, i, 451.
and turning machine for boiler makers, i, 435.
machine, and lathe combined, i, 433.
cotter or keyway, i, 438.
feed motion of, i, 432.
feed motions of, i, 436.
for boiler shells, i, 436.
four-spindle, i, 434.
hand, i, 459.
lever feed, i, 428.
power, i, 428.
three-spindle, i, 434.
with automatic motions, i, 428.
with quick return, i, 428.
machines, counterbores for, i, 449.
cutters for, i, 447.
drills for, i, 442.
fixtures for, i, 439.
flat drills for, i, 442.
jigs for, i, 439.
radial, i, 430, 431.
stocks for, i, 447.
Drills and cutters, i, 442, 447.
cotter or keyway, i, 446.
flat, errors in grinding, i, 443.
flat, for drilling machines, i, 442.
flat, for lathe work, i, 280.
for wood work, i, 279.
square-shanked, i, 446.
disadvantages of, i, 446.
stock, with spiral grooves, i, 445.
twist, diametral clearance of, i, 274.
fluting, ii, 29.
front rake of, i, 275; ii, 44.
grinding by hand, i, 279.
large, grinding, ii, 41.
speeds and feeds for, i, 277.
Driver, and face plate, i, 223.
Drivers, equalizing, i, 223.
for bolt heads, i, 224.
coned work, i, 225.
lathe mandrels or arbors, i, 227.
steady rest work, i, 22.
threaded work, i, 225.
wood, i, 225.
lathe, i, 222.
the elements, i, 223.
Driving cones, steps of, i, 159-164.
drills, flexible shaft for, i, 458.
gear of universal milling machine, ii, 15.
gear table, i, 404.
Drop hammers, ii, 255, 256.
Duration of a hammer blow, experiments on, ii, 65, 66.
Duplex slide-rests, i, 143.

E

Eccentrics, fixed and shifting, ii, 378.
slipping, ii, 403.
turning in the lathe, i, 317.
Eccentric work, lathe mandrels for, i, 229.
Edge tools, oilstoning, ii, 54.
Effects of hammer blows, ii, 69.
of speed of a hammer blow, ii, 65.
Elevating slide rests, i, 168.
Elliptical gears, tooth curves of, i, 73.
gear wheels, i, 70.
gears, the pitch lines of, i, 70.
taps, in cross section, i, 109.
Emery belt grinding machine, ii, 47.
grinder for car axle boxes, ii, 45.
for engine guide bars, ii, 45.
machine knives, ii, 46.
rough work, ii, 46.
true surfaces, ii, 45.
with revolving emery wheel, ii, 40.
machines, grinding, ii, 40.
charging, polishing wheels, ii, 50.
paper, use on lathe work, i, 308.
wheel arbors, i, 198.
arbors, positions of, ii, 35.
swing frame for dressing large castings, ii, 46.
wheels, annular, ii, 48.
balancing, ii, 39.
cements used in the manufacture of, ii, 38.
clearance of, ii, 39.
coarseness and fineness of, ii, 38.
positions of, i, 282; ii, 36, 37.
presenting to work, ii, 47.
qualifications of, ii, 38.
recessed, ii, 47.
speeds of, ii, 39.
wear of, ii, 48.
End, face and twin milling, ii, 25.
grain wood boring, i, 453.
measurements of lathe work, i, 376.
milling, advantages of, ii, 25.
thrust of angular teeth, i, 69.
Endless screw thread, cutting, i, 62.
Engine, alignment, errors in, ii, 166.
calculating the power of, ii, 407.
connecting rods, ii, 375.
crank turning, i, 247.
crossheads, ii, 375.
crosshead turning, i, 252.
cylinder covers, turning, i, 318.
cylinders, bores of, ii, 372.
boring lathe for, i, 219.
clearance in, ii, 372-404.
counterbore of, ii, 372.
fitting, ii, 158.
jacketed, ii, 374.
lagging, ii, 374.
lubricating, ii, 373.
relief valves for, ii, 373.
steam ports, ii, 373.
waste water cocks of, ii, 373.
wear of, ii, 372.
eccentrics, ii, 378.
turning a cover, i, 318.
gear cutting, ii, 56.
glands, turning, i, 316.
guide bars, ii, 375.
setting, ii, 162.
spring of, ii, 162.
testing, ii, 163.
lathe, i, 129, 147.
construction of carriage, i, 137.
of the back gear, i, 135.
of the bearings, i, 134.
of the head stock, i, 134.
general construction of, i, 133.
lead screw and change wheels of, i, 139.
shears of, i, 134.
link motion, designing, ii, 389.
plain slide valve, starting, ii, 384.
valves, ii, 376-378.
balanced, ii, 377.
circular, ii, 377.
cut-off, ii, 378.
double ported, ii, 377.
exhaust lap of, ii, 376.
lead of, ii, 376.
point of admission, ii, 376.
slide and piston, ii, 378.
slide, designing, ii, 380.
testing horse power of, ii, 408.
the Allen, ii, 377.
the D, ii, 376.
tracing the action of, ii, 376.
Webb's, ii, 377.
Engines, compound, ii, 434, 435.
donkey, ii, 442.
heating and knocking of, ii, 164.
subject to freezing, ii, 386.
Engineers, test questions for, ii, 467.
Engraver's plates, polishing, ii, 51.
Epicycloidal gear teeth, curves, i, 8.
teeth, the strength of, i, 64.
filleting the roots of, i, 53.
Equalizing drivers for lathe work, i, 223.
Erecting, ii, 137.
a lathe, ii, 181.
an iron planer, ii, 179.
pipe-work, ii, 143.
the framework of machinery, ii, 176.
Errors in alignment, determining, ii, 158-167.
in chucking, i, 250.
crank pin alignment, ii, 169.
cutting threads on taper work, i, 324.
cutting up inside chasers, i, 337.
drill-grinding machines, ii, 41.
grinding flat drills, i, 443.
grinding milling cutters, ii, 32.
jigs, limits of, i, 439.
shafting couplings, ii, 196.
Evaporative efficiency of boilers, ii, 366.
Examining a boiler, ii, 368.
a locomotive, ii, 401.
Excessive lead of engines, ii, 421.
Exhaust lap, ii, 376.
Expanding bit, i, 454.
chucks for lathes, i, 188.
for ring work, i, 241.
for large work, i, 228.
laps, i, 311.
mandrels, i, 227.
taps, i, 107.
Expansion, ii, 376.
curve of indicator, ii, 417, 418.
testing of indicator, ii, 417, 418.
joint, ii, 141.
line of diagrams, ii, 414, 415.
of steam, ii, 411.
pulleys, ii, 200.
valves, separate, ii, 443.
Experiments on duration of a blow, ii, 65, 66.
on the strength of the parts of a hide, ii, 208.
Extension lathe, i, 151.
Eye-bar dyes, ii, 260.
Eyes, hammer, shapes of, ii, 66.

F

Face and taper cutters, fixture, ii, 34.
cutters, ii, 17.
advantages of, ii, 18.
disadvantages of, ii, 18.
fixtures for, ii, 34.
milling, advantages of, ii, 26.
length of feed, ii, 26.
plate, clamping work on, i, 245.
clamps, i, 245.
errors in, and their effects, i, 243.
for wood-work, i, 247.
work, examples of, i, 249.
work, movable dogs for, i, 250.
Facets of scrapers, angles for, ii, 97.
Facing and countersink cutters, i, 449.
cutters, i, 449.
rests, boring lathe with, i, 220.
tool with reamer-pin, i, 449.
Facing tools or knife tools, i, 262.
Factors of safety, boiler seams, ii, 355.
Fastening cogs, i, 63.
pulleys to their shafts, ii, 201.
Feather-edge, removing, ii, 54.
Feathers and their applications, i, 127.
methods of securing, ii, 102.
sinking into shafts, ii, 101.
Feed, direction, for shank cutters, ii, 20.
for spiral grooves, ii, 27.
escape valve, ii, 441.
gear, i, 197.
for screw machine, i, 205.
in cutting spiral grooves, ii, 28.
length, in face milling, ii, 26.
motions, automatic, i, 408.
construction of, i, 390.
examples of, i, 170.
for boiler-maker's drilling and turning machine, i, 436.
for boring machine, i, 432.
boring mills, i, 215.
cam turning, i, 326.
car-axle lathe, i, 148.
carriage or saddle, i, 137.
chucking lathe, i, 150.
drilling machine, i, 432.
grinding lathe, i, 200.
lathe aprons, i, 168.
milling machine, ii, 13.
planer heads, i, 413.
reversing traverse, i, 168.
special lathe, i, 146.
weighted slide rest, i, 168.
wood-working, i, 209.
friction wheels for, i, 78.
nut, position of, i, 177.
ratchet, i, 173.
regulators for screw cutting, i, 171.
spindle bearings, i, 139.
spindle for lathe, i, 139.
spindle, giving motion to, i, 135.
water, heating, ii, 370.
Feeds, cutting, for wrought iron, i, 294.
for roughing cuts, i, 306.
for twist drills, i, 277.
Feed-water, ii, 370.
from natural supply, ii, 387.
Fiddle drill with feeding device, i, 455.
Field tube for boilers, ii, 359.
Fifth wheel, forging of, ii, 239.
File cutters' hammers, ii, 71.
cutting, ii, 101.
teeth, shapes of, ii, 85.
Files, ii, 85.
bent, using, ii, 93.
cleaning of, ii, 94.
cross, ii, 91.
cut of, ii, 86.
flat sizes and kinds, ii, 86, 87.
for soft metals, ii, 95.
Groubet, ii, 87.
half-round, ii, 90.
instruction on holding, ii, 92.
knife, ii, 91.
names of, ii, 88.
putting handles on, ii, 92.
reaper, ii, 91.
resharpening, ii, 95.
round, ii, 90.
selection of, ii, 91.
thin, ii, 93.
three square, ii, 90.
tumbler, ii, 91.
warping, ii, 93.
Filing bolt heads, ii, 105.
cross, ii, 93.
draw, ii, 93.
fixture for lathes, i, 189.
lathe work, i, 308.
nuts, ii, 105.
out connecting rod keyways, ii, 120.
out round corners, ii, 95.
pins, ii, 105.
pins, blocks for, ii, 104.
the link slot, template for, ii, 127.
the teeth of band saws, ii, 309.
Filleting the roots of gear teeth, i, 53.
Finishing cast iron with water, i, 307.
cast iron work, specks in, i, 307.
cuts, rates of feeds for, i, 307.
horseshoes, machines for, ii, 262.
internal work, laps for, i, 311.
lathe work, scrapers for, i, 307.
Fire cleaning, ii, 369.
cleaning tools, ii, 369.
engine boiler tubes, ii, 431.
engine heaters, ii, 432, 433.
engines, steering gear for, i, 75.
Firing boilers, ii, 368.
methods of, ii, 402.
Firmer chisels, ii, 272.
Fits, shrinkage or contraction, i, 366.
Fitting brasses to connecting rod straps, ii, 121.
brasses to journals, ii, 146.
engine cylinders, ii, 158.
keys, ii, 107.
keys, examples of, ii, 107.
straps, ii, 120.
taper pins, i, 122.
taper work, i, 313.
the keys and gibs, ii, 120.
up connecting rods, ii, 118.
a double eye, ii, 103.
a fork end connecting rod, ii, 123.
a lathe, ii, 181.
a link motion, ii, 127.
Fixed pins, i, 122.
Fixture for grinding cutters, ii, 32, 33.
for grinding taper work, ii, 33.
Fixtures for drilling machines, ii, 439.
Flank contact of gear teeth, i, 28.
Flat drill holders, i, 281.
drills, drilling with, i, 444.
errors in grinding, i, 443, 444.
for lathe work, i, 280.
files, sizes and kinds, ii, 86, 87.
guideways for planer beds, i, 414.
side lathe shears, i, 183.
Flexible shaft for driving drills, i, 458.
Flue boiler, ii, 358.
Flutes, shapes of taps, i, 105.
the number of, i, 107.
Fluting twist drills, ii, 29.
Fluxes, heating in, ii, 462.
Fly ball governors, ii, 384.
cutters, ii, 21.
holders for, ii, 22.
making, ii, 21.
methods of originating, ii, 21.
Follower rests, i, 234.
Foot lathe, i, 130.
Foot-power hammers, ii, 252, 253.
Foot valves, ii, 388.
Forges for blacksmiths, ii, 228, 229.
side blast for, ii, 228.
Forging bolts, ii, 238.
crank shafts, ii, 248, 249.
hydraulic, ii, 260.
machine thread, ii, 261.
nails by machinery, ii, 261.
of bolts, ii, 238.
press, ii, 260.
rope sockets, ii, 243, 244.
rudder frames, ii, 245, 246.
steel forks, ii, 241.
threads on rods, ii, 261, 262.
turn buckles, ii, 239, 240.
under the hammer, ii, 242, 243.
under a steam hammer, ii, 241.
wheels, ii, 244, 245.
Fork end connecting rod, fitting, ii, 123.
aligning, ii, 124.
Fork forging, ii, 241.
Former of Corliss bevel gear-wheel engine, i, 45.
Form of lead screw threads, i, 177.
worm to give a period of rest, i, 74.
Forms of lathe shears, i, 183.
of outside calipers, i, 360.
pin wrenches, i, 126.
riveted joint, ii, 352.
taps, i, 102.
templates for gear teeth, i, 44.
wrenches, i, 125.
Foundations for an iron planer, ii, 179.
Four-jawed chucks, i, 237.
Four-spindle drilling machine, i, 434.
Fractional pitch change gears, i, 34.
Frames for rudders, forging, ii, 245, 246.
of machinery, erecting, ii, 176.
Freezing, preventing an engine from, ii, 386.
French gear-cutting machine, ii, 56-61.
Friction clutches, ii, 192.
experiments on, ii, 154.
of jamb dies, i, 98.
plane surfaces, ii, 135.
slide valves, ii, 443.
taper taps, i, 103.
tap threads, i, 108.
wheels, i, 77.
for feed motion, i, 78.
materials for, i, 77.
paper, i, 78.
to reduce journal strain, i, 79.
Friezing machines, cutters for, ii, 340.
or moulding machines, ii, 334, 339.
Front rake of twist drills, ii, 44.
tools for brass work, i, 264.
rake and clearance of, i, 254.
Fullers, blacksmith's, ii, 230.
Furnaces for scrap iron, ii, 247.

G

Galvanized iron, gauge for, i, 387.
Gang edging machines, ii, 301.
Gang or composite cutters, ii, 23.
Gap, or break lathe, i, 151.
Gas pipe, dies for, i, 101.
Gauge cocks for boiler, ii, 368.
Gauges, i, 356-359.
adjustable, i, 377.
cropping, use of, ii, 296.
cutting, ii, 274.
for American sheet zinc, i, 387.
circular saws, ii, 287.
cutting tools, i, 92.
galvanized iron, i, 387.
lathe work, i, 359.
marking wood, ii, 274.
music wire, i, 386.
planer tools, i, 423.
planing V-guideways, i, 421.
Russian sheet iron, i, 387.
setting over taper work, i, 313.
shrinkage fits, i, 367.
threading tools, i, 266.
woodworking machine, ii, 295.
forms of laps for, i, 310.
hexagon, i, 381.
instrument, standard, i, 96.
mitre, use of, ii, 294.
mortise, ii, 274.
notch wire, i, 384.
plug and collar, comparing, i, 356.
screw thread, producing, i, 92.
standard for taper work, i, 316.
standard, comparing, i, 356.
surface, i, 378.
vacuum, i, 444.
wire, i, 387.
Gauging the pitch of threads, after hardening, i, 108.
Gear cutter, automatic, ii, 55.
cutting engine, vertical spindle, ii, 56.
machine, half-automatic, ii, 56.
machine, French, ii, 56-61.
table of index holes for, i, 417.
racks, i, 77.
Gear-teeth, i, 73.
arc of approaching contact, i, 16.
of receding contact, i, 16.
pitch of, i, 2.
calculating strength of, i, 65.
chord pitch of, i, 2.
curve of, for bevel gear, i, 22.
curves, templates for rolling, i, 43.
cutting by hand, i, 62.
cutting templates for, i, 35.
elliptical, i, 70.
depth or height of, i, 1.
errors produced by wear, i, 18.
faces of, i, 1.
factors of safety for, i, 64.
flank contact of, i, 18.
depth or height, i, 1.
flanks of, i, 1.
forms of template for, i, 44.
generating involute curves, i, 31.
helical, i, 69.
line of centres of, i, 2.
pitch line of, i, 2.
point of, i, 2.
requirements of curves, i, 7.
revolving cutters for, i, 37.
rolling and sliding motion of, i, 16.
curves for, i, 43.
strength of, i, 65.
table of cutters for, i, 41.
variation of curve, i, 12.
of shape, i, 16.
Gear-wheels, i, 1.
angular velocity of, i, 6.
bevel, i, 21.
drawing for built-up, i, 61.
pinion, drawings for, i, 59.
calculating revolutions of, i, 5.
chord pitch, i, 3.
cogged, i, 63.
cogs, i, 67.
durability of, i, 66.
diameters of pitch circles of, i, 4.
drawings for, i, 59.
driver and follower, i, 3.
for rapid increase of motion, i, 75.
reciprocating motion, i, 77.
reversing motion, i, 75.
steering steam fire engines, i, 75.
variable motion, i, 74.
generating curves for, i, 11.
hunting tooth in, i, 7.
interchangeable gearing, i, 16.
internal, compared with spur, i, 25.
or annular, i, 23 to 27.
making cogs for, i, 63.
mortised, i, 63.
motion at a right angle, i, 69.
patterns, i, 54-61.
power of, ii, 406.
transmitted by, i, 5.
skew bevel, i, 61.
spacing teeth on, i, 58.
stop motion of, i, 7.
strength of, i, 66.
table of pitches, i, 3.
table giving strength of, i, 67.
thickness of, i, 66.
tracing path of contact, i, 13.
value of cutters, table, i, 41.
various applications of, i, 74.
velocity of, uniform, i, 16.
with dovetail teeth, i, 60.
involute teeth, i, 31-34.
stepped teeth, i, 69.
Gear-worm or endless screw, i, 62.
Gears, for screw cutting, i, 320.
Generating the involute curve, i, 31.
German bit, i, 452.
Gibbed elevating slide-rest, i, 169.
Gimlet bit, i, 452.
Gland patterns, ii, 275.
Globe valve patterns, ii, 281, 282.
Gonzenback's cut-off valve, ii, 378.
Gouge for wood, ii, 272.
use of, i, 338.
Governors, dancing, ii, 384.
fly ball or throttling, ii, 384.
for automatic engines, ii, 427, 428.
for stationary engines, ii, 425, 426.
isochronal, ii, 384.
Sawyer's valve for, ii, 384.
speed of, ii, 384.
speeders for, ii, 384.
spring, adjustment of, ii, 386.
Grate bars, cleaning, ii, 368.
Grades of emery wheels, ii, 38.
Graduations of planer heads, i, 412.
Grain side of leather, weakness of, ii, 208.
Graver, i, 330.
Grinder, emery, for axle boxes, ii, 45.
for engine guide bars, ii, 45.
Grinder for planing machine cutters, ii, 46.
for rough work, ii, 46.
for true surfaces, ii, 45.
Grinding clamps for lathe work, i, 311.
cocks and plugs, ii, 145.
operations, ii, 38.
taper cutters, ii, 33.
taper work, i, 313.
teeth of reamers, i, 282.
teeth of spiral cutters, ii, 36.
thin cutters, ii, 33.
twist drills by hand, i, 279.
universal, i, 195.
with elevating rest, i, 194.
with traversing wheel, ii, 46.
Grinding-lathes, i, 193.
for calendar rolls, i, 199.
construction of tailstock, i, 200.
special chuck for, i, 196.
Grinding-machine, drill, ii, 41.
emery belt, ii, 47.
for milling cutters, ii, 32.
errors in construction, ii, 41.
Grindstones and tool grinding, ii, 51.
application of work to, ii, 53.
for saws or iron plates, ii, 52.
wood-working tools, ii, 52.
hacking, ii, 53.
speeds of, ii, 52.
traversing device for, ii, 53.
truing device for, ii, 53.
various kinds of, ii, 51, 52.
Gripping devices, ii, 227.
Groove cams, i, 84.
proper construction of, i, 84.
wear of, i, 84.
with double roller, i, 84.
Groove cutting, angular cutters, ii, 27.
Grooved friction wheels, wear of, i, 79.
Grooves, producing different shapes with same cutter, ii, 29, 30.
right and left-hand, ii, 29.
Groubet files, ii, 87.
Ground joint, ii, 137.
Guide-bars, ii, 375.
setting by stretched lines, ii, 163.
Guide pulleys for belts, ii, 211.
Guide for centre punches, i, 301.
Guide-ways, flat, i, 414.
planing, i, 422.
Guides for band saws, ii, 311.
Gumming or gulleting, ii, 290.

H

Hacking grindstones, ii, 53.
Hack saw, ii, 97.
Half-round bit for true work, i, 281.
for wrought iron or steel, i, 281.
or pod auger, i, 281.
reamers, ii, 99.
with adjustable cutter, i, 281.
Hammer, ii, 64.
blow, effects of, ii, 65, 69.
coopers', ii, 71, 72.
cushioned, ii, 252.
dog-head, ii, 69.
drop, ii, 255.
eyes, shapes of, ii, 66.
foot power, ii, 252.
forging, methods, ii, 242.
file cutters', ii, 71.
handles, putting in, ii, 67.
machinists' hand, ii, 66.
paning or pening, ii, 68.
plate and saw makers', ii, 68.
power, ii, 252.
riveters', ii, 71.
sledge, machinists', ii, 71.
steam, ii, 256-259.
trip, ii, 254.
Hand bolt threading machine, i, 97.
device to straighten lathe work, i, 305.
drilling machine, i, 459.
finishing tool, i, 331.
hammers, machinists', ii, 66.
lathe, i, 130.
watch manufacturers', i, 191.
milling machine, ii, 1.
planer, i, 391.
reamers, ii, 98.
shaping machine, i, 392.
side tools, i, 331.
tools for brass-work, i, 332.
round nosed, for iron, i, 331.
screw cutting, i, 96.
threading machine, head, i, 465.
turning, i, 330.
vise, ii, 104.
work, swages for, ii, 230.
Handles for chisels, ii, 271.
of files, putting on, ii, 92.
of hammers, putting in, ii, 67.
Hangers, shafting, forms of, ii, 192.
wall, ii, 194.
Hardening, case, ii, 128, 442.
outside, ii, 462.
saws, ii, 462.
to resist wear, ii, 460.
increase elasticity, ii, 460.
provide a cutting edge, ii, 460.
Hard metal, drilling, i, 444.
Head boring, i, 288.
with nut feed, i, 291.
Heads, construction of, i, 408.
double for planing machines, i, 404.
Heads for match board grooves, ii, 337, 338.
for tenoning machines, ii, 345.
of the rapid machines, i, 468.
planer, feed motions for, i, 414.
safety devices for, i, 413.
V-guideways for, i, 414.
Headstock lathe, construction, i, 153.
of engine lathes, i, 134.
grinding lathes, i, 200.
special lathe, i, 144.
Heat, ii, 410.
conversion of, into work, ii, 411.
latent, ii, 410.
radiation of, ii, 412.
Heaters for fire engines, ii, 432, 433.
Heating and knocking, ii, 164.
feed-water, ii, 370.
showing the causes of, ii, 168.
Heavy oil for hot bearings, ii, 386.
Heel tool, i, 330.
Height of lathe tools, ii, 260.
of vise jaws, i, 62.
Helical teeth, cutting in the lathe, i, 69.
Herring-bone gear-teeth, i, 69.
Hexagon gauge, i, 381.
Hide, parts of, used for belting, ii, 208.
High pressure steam engine, ii, 372.
High speed automatic engines, ii, 427.
Hobbing dies, methods of, i, 473.
Hob for threading dies, i, 474.
Hobs and their uses, i, 335.
for cutting up dies, i, 99.
threading dies, i, 474.
Hoe, ii, 369.
Holders, for chasers, i, 268.
for fly cutters, ii, 22.
octagon boring tools, i, 175.
Holding chisels, ii, 74.
Hollow work, centres for, i, 226.
Hook bolts, i, 113.
Hooks, belt, ii, 216.
Horizontal boring machine, i, 433.
Horse-power, from diagram, ii, 418.
of an engine, calculating, ii, 407, 419.
testing, ii, 408.
Horseshoes, finishing, machine for, ii, 262, 263.
Horizontal tubular boiler, ii, 361-366.
saw frame, ii, 312.
Hydraulic fits, allowance for, i, 365.
parallel holes and taper plugs for, i, 365.
forging, ii, 260.
press, ii, 260.
pressure, i, 366.
Hypocycloidal curves, i, 8.

I

Inclination of skew bevel teeth, i, 61.
Index plate of milling machine, ii, 7.
Index wheel, originating, i, 342, 353.
Indicator, ii, 413.
attachment of, to engine, ii, 416.
diagram, area of the, ii, 419.
diagrams, ii, 414.
defective, ii, 421.
expansion curve, ii, 417, 418.
springs, ii, 416.
vacuum line, ii, 415.
Injector, feed, ii, 370.
for locomotives, ii, 395.
Inside calipers, i, 360.
chasers, i, 335.
errors in cutting up, i, 337.
Interchangeable gearing, i, 16.
Intermediate gears, i, 3.
wheels, i, 319.
rolling circle, i, 24.
Internal gear wheels, i, 23-27.
strains in cast iron work, i, 306.
threading tools, i, 264.
wheels, i, 23.
Involute curves for gear teeth, i, 8.
teeth, advantages of, i, 34.
Iron and steel welding, ii, 234.
bending, ii, 240.
devices, ii, 240.
galvanized, gauge for, i, 387.
planer, erecting an, ii, 179.
foundation for, ii, 180.
plates, grindstones for, ii, 52.
testing, ii, 226.
Irregular forms, lathes for, i, 210.
motion, cams for, i, 80.
work, turning, i, 326.
Isochronal governors, ii, 384.

J

Jacketed cylinders, ii, 374.
Jam dies, i, 98.
nuts, i, 119.
Jeweller's rests for lathes, i, 189.
Jigs, designing, i, 440.
errors in, limit of, i, 439.
for cutting out steam ports, i, 441.
drilling engine cylinders, i, 440.
drilling machines, i, 439.
simple work, i, 440.
Jointing machines, ii, 338.
Joints, boiler fitting, ii, 140.
butt, boiler, ii, 352.
cylinder cover, ii, 137.
dovetail, ii, 275.
easily removable, ii, 141.
expansion, ii, 140.
for boiler work, ii, 352.
rough surfaces, ii, 138.
gauze, ii, 138.
ground, ii, 137.
half check, ii, 275.
lap, boiler, ii, 352.
mitre, ii, 275.
mortise, ii, 274.
open, for wear, ii, 121.
riveted, proportioning, ii, 355, 356.
rubber, ii, 139.
rust or caulked, ii, 141.
scraped, ii, 137.
tenon, ii, 274.
thimble, ii, 141.
to withstand great heat, ii, 138.
water, ii, 138.
Joule's equivalent, ii, 411.

K

Key seats, cutting, ii, 101.
Keys and gibs, fitting, ii, 120.
bearing surfaces of, i, 126.
draught of, i, 127.
forms of, i, 126.
for parallel rods, i, 128.
seating rule, i, 378; ii, 101.
with set-screws, i, 127.
Keyway calipers, i, 363.
Keyways, cutting by hand, ii, 101, 108.
cutting out by drifts, ii, 109.
Knife blade rolls, ii, 261.
files, ii, 91.
Knives for balanced heads, ii, 324-326.
for jointing machines, ii, 338.
moulding machines, ii, 336-340.
moulding, scale for shapes of, ii, 83.
Knurling tool, improved forms of, i, 328.

L