Chapter IX (5)

Ontario, Lake, 163;
called Frontenac, 208, 213, 214, 215, 218, 237, 259, 260;
called St. Louis, 234;
map, (1656), 391, (1660), 389, (1662), 281, (1666), 312, (1670),
203, (1697), 251;
Swedish map, 485.
_See_ Great Lakes.

Orange, Fort, 217, 281, 308, 398, 417.
_See_ Albany.

Orbellanda, 92.

_Orbis Maritimus_, 374.

Orleans, Cape, 49.

Orleans, Island of, 52, 308.

Orono, 274.

Ortelius (Ortels), 424;
map (1570), 78, 95;
portrait, 372;
autog., 372;
_Theatrum Orbis Terrarum_, 94, 369;
gives no Verrazano map, 18.

Osorius, Hieronymus, _De rebus Emmanuelis_, 15.

Ossossare mission, 275.

Otis, Charles P., translates Champlain, 134.

Otréouati, 340.

Ottawa missions, 268, 285.

Ottawa River, 259, 260;
explored by Champlain, 124;
called Utawas, 164;
river route, 173;
early maps of, 202.

Ottawas, 168, 175, 215;
country of, 298;
at Manitoulin, 176;
called Outaouacs, 168;
at Quebec, 308.
_See_ Outaouacks.

Ottens, _Neobelgii tabula_, 482.

Oumamis, 271.

Oumamiwek, 270;
missions, 267.

Outaouaks, 310;
missions, 315.
_See_ Ottawas.

Outrelaise, D’, 318;
river, 178.

Oviedo, 30, 414;
_Historia_, 73, 81;
_Sumario_, 28, 38.

Oxenstjerna, Axel, 444, 453;
autog., 444.

Oxenstjerna, Erik, 471.

Oxenstjerna, Johan, 444, 477.

Oyster River (Me.), attacked, 160.

Ozark Mountains, iv.

Pacific Coast, climate of, v.

Pacific Ocean, 93;
currents in the, iii, x;
called _Mare pacificum_, 41, 42.
_See_ South Sea;
Mar del Sur.

Padilla, 263.

_Paesi nouamente retrouati_, 12.

Pain, Felix, 269.

Palastrina. _See_ Salvatore.

Palfrey, J. G., 367;
_New England_, 299.

Palmas, Rio de, 98.

Palmer, P. S., _History of Lake Champlain_, 120.

Panama, 40, 43.

Papegåja, Johan, 458, 462, 463, 470, 473, 475, 477, 484, 493;
autog., 458.

Papinachois, 270, 271;
missions, 267.

Papineau, 366.

Paria, 41.

Paris, archives in, 356, 366;
copies from them in America, 356, 366.

Parkman, Francis, portrait, 157;
autog., 157;
_Pioneers of France_, 65, 134, 158;
_Frontenac_, 158, 360;
translations, 158;
estimate by Casgrain, 158;
_Discovery of the Great West_, 241, 242, 243;
and Margry’s Collection, 242;
_La Salle_, 201, 241, 244, 360;
reviewed by G. E. Ellis, 201, 296;
on Cartier, 65;
on Hennepin, 250;
on the Hurons, 305;
his manuscript collections, 367;
his collection of maps, 201;
_Old Régime_, 300.

Parmentier, Jean, 16, 63.

Parrots, 202, 209.

Pasqualigo, Pietro, 13.

Passamaquoddy Indians, 274.

Pastoret, map by, 82.

Patalis Regio, 42.

Paullus, _Orbis terraqueus_, 375.

Paulo, Cape, 73.

Pavonia, 402.

Peabody, W. B. O., on the Jesuits, 297.

Pearson, J., Albany, 435.

Peet, S. D., 298;
on Mr. Baldwin’s maps, 201.

Peltrie, Madame de la, portrait, 314;
death of, 314;
accounts of, 314.

Pemaquid, captured, 159, 161;
papers, 159;
sources of history, 159;
traces of the Dutch at, 138;
map of, 160.

Peñalosa, 234, 237;
expedition, 239.

Penn _vs._ Baltimore, 494.

Penobscot Bay, 70, 146;
mission, 274.

Penobscot River, 93;
river in the old maps, 413, 414.
_See_ Norumbega.

“Pensée”, ship, 64.

Pentagöet (Castine), 161;
map of, 146.

Peorias, 288.

Pepin, Lake, 169, 195.

Peré, 173, 178, 187, 189, 204.

Perkins, F. B., _Check List of American Local History_, 441.

Perkins, J. H., 262;
_Annals of the West_, 199;
on Sparks’s _La Salle_, 254;
_Memoir and Writings_, 254.

Perrault, Julian, 268;
at Cape Breton, 301.

Perrot, François, 329.

Perrot, Governor of Acadia, 344.

Perrot, Nicholas, 173, 174, 189, 308, 352;
_Mémoire sur les Mœurs_, 197, 298, 359;
gives a soleil to the mission at the Bay of Puans, 191;
engravings of it, 192, 193;
his geography, 199;
on the Upper Mississippi, 194.

Perryville (N. Y.), 125.

Peru, 40, 42, 43.

Peschel, Oscar, _Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen_, 15;
his death and account of, 15;
_Geschichte der Erdkunde_, 40.

Petavius, _History of the World_, 384.

Petrée. _See_ Laval.

Petroleum, ix.

Petun Hurons, 168, 170, 276, 278.

Phips, Sir William, 159, 160;
conquers Acadia, 146;
portrait, 147;
autog., 364;
attack on Quebec, 353.

Physiography of North America, i.

Picquet, Abbé, 267, 285;
autog., 285.

Pierron, Père, 283, 313.

Pieskaret, 275.

Pietersen, David, 400.

Pigafetta on Magellan, 30.

Pilestrina, Salvatore de, 413.

Pinard, _Chronologie_, 357.

Pinet, 222, 288.

Pinho, Manuel, 87.

_Pioneer Collections_, 198.

Piscator. _See_ Visscher.

Pius IV., his geographic gallery, 40.

Placentia, 257.

Plancius, Peter, 97, 433;
his map, 414.

Planck, Abraham, 496.

Plantagenet, B., _New Albion_, 427, 490.

Plantin, Christophe, 371.

Plowden, Sir Edmund, 427, 428, 437;
and New Sweden, 457.

Plymouth, ancient landmarks of, by Davis, 110;
Bay, 109;
expedition from, to Maine, 143.

Physical proportions of Americans, xv.

Point St. Ignace, 207.

Poisson, du, Père, 289.

Pompey Stone, 420, 429, 433.

Poncet, Père, 279.

Pontgravé, 104, 106, 138;
returns to Canada, 116.

Poore, Ben: Perley, 366.

Popellinière, 374;
_Les trois mondes_, 95.

_Popham Memorial_, 138.

Popple’s _Atlas_, 262.

Porcacchi, _L’Isole_, 95;
map (1572), 79, 96.

Porcupine Indians, 267, 269.

Poro, Girolamo, 369.

Port Brest, 48.

Port Royal, 44, 45, 107, 152, 383, 388;
Lescarbot’s map of, 140;
Champlain’s map of, 141;
attacked by Argall, 142;
plan of buildings, 144;
settled, 138.

Port St. Louis, 109.

Portages, xxi;
between the lakes and the Mississippi, 200, 224;
how indicated on maps, 202.

Potherie, Bacqueville de la, _Histoire de l’Amérique_, 197, 299, 358.

Portland (Me.), 159.
_See_ Loyal, Fort.

Portneuf, 160.

Portolanos, 376

Portuguese, early discoveries in America, 15;
chart (1503), 35;
map (1520), 73;
portolano (1514-1520), 36.

Pottawatomies, 198, 268, 311.

Poualak, 169.

Poullain, William, 266, 274.

Poutrincourt, Jean de, 106, 138, 141, 150, 300.

Powelsen, Jacob, 450.

Prairies, as tillage ground, xiv.

Prato, Cape, 50.

Premontré globe, 45.

Prevert, 104.

Prime, N. S., _Long Island_, 441.

Prince Edward Island, 49, 69, 75.

Printz, Gustaf, 464;
autog., 470.

Printz, Johan, 452, 494.

Printzdorf, 463.

_Progressus fidei_, 308.

Prudhomme, Fort, 200, 225.

Puans, 167, 221;
Bay of, 206, 212, 249;
River of the, 258.

_Publick Occurrences_, 363.

Puffendorf, Samuel, _Commentarii_, 491.

Pumpkin, xiv, xxiv.

Purchas, _Pilgrimes_, 134, 378;
his map, 378, 383.

Pye Bay, 485.

Quad (Quaden, _or_ Quadus), Mathias, 372;
_Geographisches Handbuch_, 101, 372;
_Fasciculus geographicus_, 372;
map (1600), 101.

Quebec, origin of name, 114;
archives, 356;
bishop of, 309;
Cartier’s fort, 55;
founded by Champlain, 114;
view (1613), 118;
plan (1613), 115;
captured (1629), 128, 133;
picture of, 128;
fort at, 126;
surrendered (1632), 134;
Frontenac at, 319;
fortifies it, 353;
attacked by Phips (1690), 361, 363;
his summons, 361, 362;
medal, 361;
La Hontan’s pictures, 362, 363;
plan of attack, 354;
early plans, 320;
view by Potherie, 320;
missions at, 271.

Quebec, Hospital de la Miséricorde, 307.

Quebec, Hôtel Dieu, 314.

Quebec, Literary and Historical Society of, 366;
its publications, 366.

Quebec, Réligieuses Hospitalières de, 302, 311.

Quebec, Seminary of, 267, 316;
its missions, 294.

_Québec, Les Ursulines de_, 308.

Quens, Jean de, _Relation_, 308.

Quetelet, _Histoire des Sciences_, 374.

Queylus, Abbé de, 309.

Quieunonascaran, 265.

Quinsay, 41.

Quint, Alonzo H., 159.

Quinté, 293, 267, 325;
missions, 284.

Quivira, 93.

Race, Cape, 75, 76, 100;
called Ras, 83, 89, 92, 96;
Raso, 37, 38, 82, 86, 90, 92, 95, 98, 377;
Raz, 77, 85, 87, 88;
Razo, 37, 94, 378;
Rassa, 84;
Rasso, 39;
Raze, 383, 390;
Ratz, 78.

Radisson, Sieur, 168, 172.

Raemdonck, J. van, _Gerard Mercator_, 369, 371.

Raffeix, Pierre, 232;
autog., 232;
map (1688), 232, 233;
of Ontario and Erie, 232, 234.

Rafferman, H. A., on Hennepin, 248.

Rafn, _Antiquitates Americanæ_, 416.

Ragueneau, Paul, 281;
among the Hurons, 305, 306;
on Cathérine de St. Augustin, 312;
map by, 302;
_Relations_, 307, 308;
autog., 307.

Rainfall in North America, vii.

Rale, Sebastian, 273, 316;
autog., 273;
Francis, _Life of Rale_, 274.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 400.

Rambo, P., 450, 480, 500.

Ramé, A., 63;
_Documents inédits_, 60.

Rameau, _Une colonie féodale_, 156.

Ramusio on Cartier, 63;
on the Cortereals, 14;
on the early fisheries, 63;
as an editor, 23;
on Gastaldi’s map, 77;
his _Navigationi_, 90.

Rancourt, Joseph, 354.

Randolph, Edward, 410.

Ransonet, on Margaret Bourgeois, 309.

Rasieres, 418.

Rasle. _See_ Rale.

Rat, the (an Indian), 257, 350.

Raudin, Sieur, 180, 328;
sent to Lake Superior, 181;
his map, 232, 235.

Raymbault, 279, 285;
autog., 279.

Razilly, Chevalier, 142, 143;
autog., 142.

Recollects, 124, 264, 265, 285, 290, 300;
in Canada, 247, 263, 266;
missions, 249, 291, 292;
and Champlain, 132;
and Frontenac, 322, 323;
among the Hurons, 307;
recalled, 288;
accompany La Salle, 288;
in Quebec, 354.

_Recueil de Traités de Paix_, 129.

Reinel, Pedro, his chart, 16, 36, 73.

_Relations de la Louisiane_, 255.

Réligieuses Ursulines, 308.
_See_ Quebec.

Remi, Daniel de. _See_ Courcelles.

Renandot, Abbé, 226, 245.

Renselaer, Kilian van, 400;
autog., 400.
_See_ Van Renselaer.

Renselaerswyck, 399, 420;
map of, 435;
settlers at, 435.

Rensselaer, Stephen van, 435.

Repentigny, De, 188.

Retor, François, 354.

_Revue Canadienne_, 292.

_Revue contemporaine_, 241.

_Revue critique_, 18.

_Revue des questions historiques_, 134.

_Revue de Rouen_, 240.

_Revue maritime_, 245.

Reyard. _See_ Beyard.

Reynolds, John, _History of Illinois_, 198.

Reynolds, William M., 494.

Ribault, 17.

Ribero, map, 25, 30, 38, 73, 413, 414;
and Gomez’ voyage, 21, 24.

Ribourde, Gabriel de la, 288.

Rich, Point, 48.

Richard, Andrew, 268.

Richardeau, Abbé, 314.

Richelieu, Cardinal, 127;
reflected on by Champlain, 133.

Richelieu, Fort de, 312, 313.

Richelieu, River, 119, 303,
(des Iroquois), 304;
map of, 311;
forts on, 311, 313.

Ridpath, _United States_, 438.

Riker, James, _Harlem_, 441;
_History of Newton, New York_, 441.

Rising, J. C., 471, 475;
autog., 471.

Rivers in North America, vii.

Rivière Longue. _See_ Long River.

Robertson, R. S., 224.

Roberval, Jean François de, 56, 58, 93, 135;
his doings, 65;
death, 66;
his niece, 66.

Rocoles, J. B. de, 305.

Rogers, _Earls of Stirling_, 155.

Roggeveen, Arent, _Burning Fen_, 376;
map of the Delaware, 482.

Roland, F. N., 356.

Rooseboom, Johannes, 347.

Roseboome, Captain Thomas, 192.

Rosier, Cape, 146.

Rotz, Johne, _Boke of Idrography_, 82;
maps (1542), 76, 83.

Rouen, American savages in, 16.

Rougemont, Philip, 54.

Roussel, 183, 354, 375.

Royale, Isle, 229.

Rudman, Rev. A., 495, 496.

Rufosse, Jacques de, 64.

Rupert, Prince, 171.

Ruscelli, Girolamo, 40;
maps, 78, 90, 92.

Russell, Jonathan, 496.

Rut’s Expedition, 9, 62.

Ruttenber, E. M., _Hudson River Tribes_, 421.

Ruysch’s map, 73.

Rye (N. Y.), 441.

Rymer’s _Fœdera_, 166.

Ryswick, Peace of (1697), 149, 356.

Sabine River, 236.

Sable Island, 63, 86, 93, 136, 377, 383, 384, 388;
account of, by Gilpin, 63;
early cattle on, 5.

“Sacre”, ship, 16.

Sacrobusto, _Sphera del Mundo_, 81.

Sagard, 300;
_Le Grand Voyage_, 196, 290;
_Histoire du Canada_, 290;
_Dictionnaire_, 266, 290.

Sagean, Mathieu, 226;
his _Relation_, 226.

_Saggiatore_, 17.

Saguenay, 51, 59, 60, 67, 72, 73, 75, 85, 87, 94, 97, 98, 114, 304,
309, 312, 314, 373, 378, 385;
explored by Champlain, 104;
country of, 56.

Sainte Anne du Petit Cap, 311.

Sainte Anne, Fort, 312.

St. Anthony, Falls, 230, 248, 252;
Harbor, 48.

St. Antoine, Fort, 189, 195, 229.

St. Barnabas, 48.

St. Castine, Baron de, 146, 147, 160;
autog., 146.

St. Castine the younger, 147.

St. Catherine Harbor, 47.

St. Charles River, 52.

St. Clair Lake, 163.

St. Côme, 288.

St. Croix, Fort, 186, 229.

St. Croix Island, Argall’s visit to, 142;
map of, 137;
plan of buildings, 139.

St. Croix River (Acadia), 107, 152, 385.

St. Croix River (branch of the Mississippi), 168, 169.

St. Esprit Bay, 235, 237.

St. Esprit mission, 200, 212, 216, 286.

St. Foi, _Premier Ursulines_, 308.

St. François de Sales mission, 267, 273, 315.

St. François, Lake, 205, 312.

St. François River, 312.

St. François-Xavier mission, 284.

St. Germain-en-Laye, treaty of, 129, 142.

St. Helena, Cape, 45, 89, 98.

St. Ignace mission, 287.

St. Ignatius, 395.

St. Ignatius, a Huron town, 277.

St. John (Island), 39, 69, 73, 377.

St. John River (New Brunswick), 143.

St. John’s College, Fordham (N. Y.), 299.

St. John’s mission, 293.

St. John’s River (Newfoundland), 48.

St. Joseph, Fort, 192, 260;
destroyed, 194.

St. Joseph River, 223, 224.

St. Joseph’s, 272;
Island, 278;
mission, 293.

St. Lawrence, Allefonsce’s map of, 74.

St. Lawrence Bay, 51, 75, 77;
Cartier’s, 67.

St. Lawrence Gulf, 72, 100;
(Golfo Quarré), 68, 97;
in Allefonsce’s map, 77;
map by Bellin, 64;
map, (1663), 148, (1709), 153;
visited by the Spaniards, 74.

St. Lawrence River, 75, 93, 163;
Lescarbot’s map of, 117.

St. Lawrence Valley, its characteristics, xxi, xxii;
in relation to military movements, xxiii.

St. Louis, a Huron town, 277.

St. Louis, Fort, 188, 226, 231.

St. Louis, Fort (Lavaca River), 238.

St. Louis, Fort, on the Richelieu, 312, 313.

St. Louis, Lac, 312.

St. Louis, Lake.
_See_ Ontario.

St. Loys, Cape, 50.

St. Lunario Bay, 49.

Saint Lusson, Sieur, 174, 314;
takes possession of the Lake Country, 175.

St. Malo, 47, 65;
navigators of, 4.

Sta. Maria, Cape, 46, 93.

St. Martin’s Creek, 50.

St. Mary’s Bay, 106.

St. Mary’s mission, 276.

St. Michael’s mission, 293.

St. Nicholas, Fort, 195, 229.

St. Paul, Cape, 67.

St. Paul (Cape Breton), 55.

St. Peter, Lake, 303, 311.

St. Peter’s, Cape, 49.

St. Peter’s Channel, 50.

St. Pierre River, 195.

St. Regis, 284, 285.

St. Roman, Cape, 98.

St. Sacrament. _See_ George, Lake.

St. Savior, 264.

St. Servans, Harbor, 48.

St. Simeon, 354.

St. Simon, Denis de, 271;
_Mémoires_, 357.

St. Stephen’s mission, 293.

St. Sulpice, site of, 303.

St. Theresa Bay, 310.

Ste. Theresa Fort, 313.

St. Thomas, Island, 46, 98.

_Ste. Ursule, La Gloire de_, 308.

St. Valier, Jean de, _Relation_, 315, 316, 346;
_Estat Présent_, etc., 315, 348;
Bishop, 316.

Sainterre, 58, 65.

Salmon, 30.

Salmon Falls, 159;
attacked, 352.

Salt Springs, 308.

Saltonstall, Wye, 374.

Salvat de Pilestrina, 36.

Salvatore de Palastrina, 36.

San Antonio, Bay, 46, 413.

San Antonio, River, 11.

“San Antonio”, ship, 10.

San Francisco, 46.

San Juan Island, 49.

San Miguel, 46.

Sandel, P. A., 493.

Sandelands, James, 498.

Sandrart, J. de, 385.

Sandusky, 267.

Sandy Hook on the old maps, 413.

Sankikan, 457.

Sanson, Adrien, 375.

Sanson, Guillaume, 375.

Sanson, Jacques, 354.

Sanson, Nicolas, his maps, 385, 390, 391;
_Atlas_, 375;
_L’Univers_, 375.

Sanson et Jaillot, _Atlas nouveau_, 375.

Saonchiogwa, 282.

Saquish, 109.

Saskatchewan, iii.

Sauks, 175.

Sault au Récollet, 266.

Sault St. Louis mission, 285.

Sault Ste. Marie, 165, 200, 216;
mission, 268.

Saulteurs, 175.

Savage, Major Thomas, on the attack (1690) on Quebec, 363;
autog., 364.

Say and Seal, Lord, 401.

Scadding, H., 72, 262.

Scanonaenrat, 278.

Schendel, Gillis van, 435.

Schenectady attacked, 352, 364.

Schenk, P., 385.

Schluter, P., 429.

Schmeler, J. A., 36.

Schöner globes, 36, 45;
_Opusculum Geographicum_, 46.

Schoodic River, 137.

Schoolcraft, _Notes on the Iroquois_, 297;
_Indian Tribes_, 297.

Schout-fiscal, 402.

Schouten, _Journal_, 415.

Schute, Sven, 454, 462, 465, 466, 469, 471, 473, 475, 478, 483, 500;
autog., 454.

Schuyler, John, 353.

Schuyler, Peter, 355;
his report, 365.

Schuyler, Phil, autog., 365;
his Journal, 365;
at La Prairie, 364.

Scurvy, 54.

Scutterus, map of Pennsylvania, 482.

Seal-hunting, 52.

Secalart, 68, 69.

Sedgwick, Robert, expedition to Acadie, 145;
autog., 145.

Seignelay, 337;
autog., 337;
Minister for the Colonies, 185.

Seignelay River, 227, 232.

Sénat, Père, 289.

Senecas, 308;
attacked by Denonville, 347;
authorities, 348;
missions, 310;
fort, 348;
and La Barre, 341.
_See_ Iroquois.

Senex, John, 262.

Sequamus, Metellus, on the Spanish discoveries, 15.

Seven Cities (island), 98, 101.

Seven Cities (towns), 101.

Sewall’s _Ancient Dominions of Maine_, 138.

Shaler, N. S., “Physiography of North America”, i.;
_Kentucky Geological Survey_, xvi.

Shaw, Norton, 134.

Shawnees, 298.

Shea, J. G., 125;
_Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes_, 199, 296;
_Mississippi Valley_, 199;
_Early Voyages_, 199, 241;
translates Charlevoix, 358;
edits Colden, 421;
edits _The Commodities of Manati_, 435;
his “Cramoisy Series”, 296, 315;
his list of Iroquois missionaries, 296;
on Dreuillettes in Boston, 306;
edits Hennepin’s _Description of Louisiana_, 248, 250;
on Hennepin, 247, 250, 254;
on the Jesuit martyrs, 305;
“The Jesuits, Recollects, and the Indians”, 263;
on the _Jesuit Relations_, 294;
edits Jogues’ letters, 306, 421;
edits Jogues’ _Novum Belgium_, 306;
on La Hontan, 257;
on La Salle’s Texan colony, 239, 240;
on Leclercq, 291;
translates _Établissement de la Foy_, 291;
on Margry, 246;
_Bursting of Margry’s La Salle Bubble_, 245;
on Marquette, 220, 222;
on O’Callaghan, 432;
_Peñalosa_, 237;
_Perils of the Ocean and Wilderness_, 292;
on Wisconsin tribes, 310.

Sheepscot River, 108.

Sheldon, E. M. _Early History of Michigan_, 198, 311.

Ship Company, 444.

Ships, Dutch, picture of, 415.

Shirley, William, 154.

“Sibille”, ship, 64.

Sierra Nevada, iv.

Sillery founded, 303;
mission at, 267, 271, 272, 315.

Silver mines, 106.
_See_ Mines.

Simon, Père, 274.

Sioux, 169, 175, 176, 181, 182, 211;
receive Accault, 184;
missions, 268, 286.

Sirenne, 273.

Skörkil Fort, 462.

Slafter, E. F., “Champlain”, 103;
edits Champlain’s works, 134;
_Sir William Alexander_, 155.

Slavery, the result of tobacco culture, xiv, xxvii;
extended by cotton-raising, xxvii.

Slaves, 29, 46;
kidnapping of, 11;
from Labrador, 2.

Slom, Måns, 461.

Sloughter, Governor, 410.

Sluyter, Peter, 429.

Smith, Buckingham, on Verrazano, 18;
his _Inquiry_, 18;
accounts of, 18;
finds the Ulpius globe, 19;
_Coleccion_, 56.

Smith, B. H., _Atlas of Delaware County_, 500.

Smith, C. C., “Acadia”, 135.

Smith, George, _Delaware County_, 498.

Smith, John, 414.

Smith, P. H., _Duchess County_, 441.

Smith, William, _History of Canada_, 306, 367.

Smith, William,_ History of New York_, 430, 494.

Smith, W. R., _History of Wisconsin_, 199.

Snöhvit, J. K., 453.

Snow-shoes, 331.

Soenrese, 284.

Soil, endurance of, ix;
peculiarities, xii, xxvi.

Soissons, Count de, 123.

Solar Eclipse (1663), 310.

Sorel, 336.

Souel, Père, 289.

Source, Thaumur de la, 316.

Sourin, 139.

Sourinquois, 150, 152.

South Carolina, population of, xxviii;
upland districts, xxix.

South Company, 444, 452.

South Mountains, xxv.

South River (Delaware), 423.

South Sea, 42, 175;
Joliet to discover the, 179.
_See_ Pacific.

Southampton, Earl of, 110.

Spagnola, 34, 46.
_See_ Hayti.

Spalding, Archbishop, _Miscellanea_, 299.

Spaniards, their commerce preyed upon by the French, 5, 6;
early on the northeast coast, 9, 10;
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 74;
in the Hudson, 433.

Sparks, Jared, 367;
_Life of La Salle_, 242;
_Life of Marquette_, 220;
manuscripts, 160.

Speed, _Prospect_, 378;
map of Delaware Bay, 482;
map, 384.

Spiring, Peter, 445, 499;
autog., 445.

Spirito Santo Bay, 251.

Spirito Santo, Rio de, 98.

Sprinchorn, K. S., 500, 502.

Squier, _Aboriginal Monuments of New York_, 348.

Stadaconna, 52, 54, 304,
(Tadacona), 87.

Standish, Miles, 144.

Starbäck, C. G., 502.

Starved Rock, 226.

Staten Island, 436, 441.

Stature, comparative, xvi.

Steendam, Jacob, 432.

Stevens, Henry, buys Muller’s Collection, 439.

Stewart, George, Jr., “Frontenac and his Times”, 317.

Stiddem, T., 500.

Stiernman, A. A. von, _Samling_, 494.

Stiles, _History of Brooklyn_, 441.

Stille, Olaf, 461, 500.

Stille, O. P., 452.

Stirling, Earldom of, 155.

Stobnicza map, 36.

Stöcklein, _Brief-Schriften_, 316.

Stoddard’s _Sketches of Louisiana_, 254.

Stone, W. L., _New York_, 440.

Stone Age, 53.

Strahl, Gustaf, 452.

Street, Alfred B., _Frontenac_, 361.

Strickland, W. P., _Old Mackinaw_, 199.

Strozzi Library, 17.

Stuart, James, at Cape Breton, 128.

Stuyvesant, Peter, 404, 464;
arrives, 405;
autog., 406;
attacks the Swedes, 467, 478;
portrait, 441;
his house, 441;
pear-tree, 442;
hisjourney to Esopus, 442.

Subercase, 351.

Sulpitians, 205, 266, 275, 290, 309, 329, 360;
martyrs, 305;
authorities, 294.

Sulte, Benjamin, _Histoire des Canadiens-Français_, 368;
on Nicolet, 196;
_Mèlanges_, 138.

Sun. _See_ Solar.

Superior, Lake, 261;
Jesuits’ map of, 205, 313;
heliotype of, 313;
Whitney’s _Geological Report of_, 313;
map, (1656), 391, (1683), 249;
early described, 165;
maps of, 208, (1674), 212, 214, 215, 218, (1697), 251, 252;
reached, 168;
called Tracy, 206;
traders on (1658), 309, (upper lake), 260;
map, (1688), 230, (Tracy), 232, 233, (1709), 258.
_See_ Great Lakes.

Susquehanna River, 165.

Susquehannahs, 298.

Svedberg, Bishop, _America illuminata_, 493.

Svedberg, Jesper, 493.

Svedberg, J. D., _Dissertatio_, 493.

Svenson, Jacob, 453, 474, 502.

Swamps, xiii.

Swanenburg, 408.

Sweden, South Company of, 403.

Swedenborg, Emmanuel, 493.

Swedes on the Delaware, 404, 443.
_See_ New Sweden.

Swiss in Tennessee, xix.

Sylvanus’ map, 36.

Sylvius, L., 425.

Tablelands, iv.

Tadenac, Lake, 80, 97, 377.

Tadoussac, 143, 269, 303, 312, 384;
Champlain at, 104;
plan of, by Champlain, 114;
missions, 265, 302, 315.

Taignoagny, 50, 52.

Tailhan, J., 246;
edits Perrot, 197, 298, 359.

Tallemant des Réaux, 357.

Talon, 172, 333, 366;
and Frontenac, 321, 322;
and Western explorations, 205;
his house, 354.

Tamaroas, 288.

Tanner, _Societas Jesu_, 306.

Tarcotte, L. P., _Histoire de l’ile Orléans_, 308.

Taylor, James W., _History of Ohio_, 198.

Teananstayae mission, 276, 277.

Tehgahkwita, 283.

Teissier, F., _Les Français au Canada_, 368.

Temistitan, 40, 42, 93.
_See_ Mexico;
Timistitan.

Temperature, range of, xii.

Temple, Sir Thomas, 145, 161.

Terceira, Island, 1.

Ternaux-Compans, _Archives des Voyages_, 63;
_La Nouvelle Swède_, 496.

Thébaud, A. J., 199, 297.

Thevenot, gives Marquette’s narrative, 219;
_Recueil de Voyages_, 219, 294;
gives map, 220.

Thevet, André, 30;
his claim, 11;
his _Singularitez de la France_, 30, 31, 50;
his _Cosmographie_, 30, 66;
_Grand Insulaire_, MS., 66, 68;
map (1575), 79, 95.

Thomas, Gabriel, map of, 482.

Thomassy, _De la Salle_, 225;
_Géologie pratique de la Louisiane_, 224;
_Les papes géographes_, 19, 40;
on the Verrazano map, 19.

Thompson, B. F., _Long Island_, 441.

Thomson, P. G., _Bibliography of Ohio_, 198.

Thorndike, Colonel Israel, 201.

Thorne, Robert, his map, 45.

Thornton, J. W., _Ancient Pemaquid_, 159.

Thoulet, J., 200, 245;
his map, 200.

Three Rivers, 166, 308, 312;
mission, 267, 271, 274;
site of, 311.

Thule, 97.
_See_ Thyle.

Thurloe, _State Papers_, 430.

Thury, Pierre, 160, 269, 274;
_Relation_, 159.

Thyle, 84.
_See_ Thule.

Ticonderoga, 119.

Tiele, P. A., _Mémoire bibliographique_, 439, 442;
_Nederlandsche Pamfletten_, 439.

Tienhoven, Van, 420.

Tienpont, A. J., 398.

Tierra del Fuego, 43.

Tillage, labor of, in New England, xii.

Tilly, 335.

Timistitan, 46.
_See_ Temistitan.

Tin mines, viii.
_See_ Mines.

Tinicum, 454.

Tinot, Cape, 75.

Tionontates, 276.

Tobacco, 168;
introduced into France, 32;
in New Sweden, 454, 458, 459, 462;
its influence, xiv;
in Virginia, xxvii, 475.

Toledo, Historical and Geographical Society of, 198.

Tonty, Henri, 188, 194, 225, 347;
joins La Salle, 182;
autog., 182;
at Crèvecœur, 224;
with Denonville, 193;
seeks La Salle, 238;
tries to rescue his colony, 239;
on Lake Michigan, 223;
sketch of the Mississippi, 239;
disowns the _Dernières découvertes_, 240.

Toreno, Nuño Garcia de, map (1534), 37, 91.

Torkillus, Reorus, 449, 458.

Tortugas, 42.

Townshend, Charles, 154.

Tracy, attacks the Mohawks, 283, 312;
voyage of, 310;
autog., 311.

Tracy, Lake, 206.

Trigant, 302.

Trinity Fort, 473;
view of, 473;
the Dutch before, 478;
captured by the Dutch, 479.

Trouvé, 267;
autog., 266.

Troyes, Chevalier de, 345.

Trübner’s Literary Record, 439.

Turcotte, Louis P., _Les Archives du Canada_, 366.

Turenne, 318.

Turgis, Charles, 268.

Turkey (bird), xv.

Turner, Nathaniel, on the Delaware, 451.

Tuttle, C. W., 155;
_History of Canada_, 368;
(with Durrie, D. S.), _History of Iowa_, 199;
_History of Michigan_, 199;
_Wisconsin_, 199.

Ulpius, Euphrosynus, his globe, 19, 28, 40, (fac-simile), 42, 76, 81,
82, 414.

Ulster County Historical Society, 409.

“Union”, ship, 400.

_United States Catholic Magazine_, 306.

Upland, 455;
records of, 498.

Upper Canada, Historical Society of, 368.

Uricoechea, _Mapoteca Colombiana_, 375.

Ursulines, 272, 308;
in Quebec, 314, 354.

Usselinx, Willem, 396, 403, 415, 443, 490, 491, 499, 502;
his writings, 416, 418;
autog., 443;
_Argonautica Gustaviana_, 417, 490;
_Advice_, etc. 417.

Utrecht, treaty of, 135.

Uzielli’s _Elenco_, etc., 38.

Vaaz, Jhan, 87.

Vaillant, 349.

Valck, his maps, 385.

Valentine, D. T., _New York_, 440;
_New York City Manual_, 418.

Vallard, Nicolas, map, 76, 86.

Van Bogardt, Jost, 450.

Van Curler, Arent, 312.

Van Dyck, G., 453, 454, 462;
autog., 454.

Van Horst, M. M., 450.

Van Hulst, Felix, _Notice sur Hennepin_, 247.

Van Loon, _Zee-Atlas_, 376;
map of New Netherland, 482.

Van Meteren, Emanuel, 416;
_Histoire_, 424.

Van Rensselaer, Kilian, arrives, 419;
his family, 419.
_See_ Rensselaer.

Van Sweeringen, G., 498.

Van Twiller, Wouter, 401;
autog., 401.

Vann Vliet, C., 449.

Vandeput, Captain, 411.

Van den Bosch, 425.

Van der Aa, map of New Holland, 438.

Van der Donck, Adrien, 416, 491;
account of, 419;
autog., 419;
_Beschrijvinge_, etc., 420;
life and family, 420;
his writings, 419;
his _Vertoogh_, 419;
his map, 500.

Van der Kemp, Francis, 412.

Van der Wulf, J. K., _Tractaten_, 439.

Varennes, 336.

Vaudreuil, 347, 351;
attacks the Oneidas, 355.

Vaugondy, Robert de, 375;
_Histoire de la Géographie_, 375.

Vaulx, Jacques de, map, 79;
_Œuvres_, 79.

Vega, Garcilasso de la, 255.

Velasco, 74.

Vemey, Abbé, 359.

_Verheerlickte Nederlant_, 422.

Verenderye, La, 289.

Vermillion Sea, 175, 178, 179, 185, 208, 209, 228.
_See_ California, Gulf of.

Verrazano, Giovanni da, 415, 416;
account of, 5;
his landfall, 6;
in New York Harbor, 7;
returns to Dieppe, 9;
in the St. Lawrence, 9;
authorities on his voyage, 17, 18;
his letter, 17;
autog., 25;
influence of, in later maps, 19;
his sea, 38, 89;
maps derived from, 17, 18;
doubt regarding the voyage, 18.

Verrazano, Hieronimo da, his map, 18, 25, 26, 37.

Verreau, Abbé, 205, 222, 246, 302, 314, 366;
_Abbés de Fénelon_, 312.

Vetromile on the Indians of Acadia, 150;
_Abnakis_, 150.

Vicuna, xv.

Viegas, Gasper, chart of, 46.

Viel, Nicholas, 265.

Viele, Arnold, 340.

Viele, E. L., 435.

Viger, Jacques, 303, 366.

Vignal, Guillaume, 283, 305;
murdered, 310;
autog., 310.

Vignan, Nicholas de, 123, 124.

Villebon, 160;
autog., 160.

Villegagnon, 11, 31, 66.

Villeneuve, 354.

Villeray, 334, 335, 354.

Villieu, 160.

Vimont, _Relations_, 302, 303, 305.

Vincennes (Ind.), Catholic Archbishop of, 299.

Vincent, Francis, _History of Delaware_, 499.

Virginia, 101, 377;
fitness for colonization, 151;
Hall’s map of, 374;
Swedish map of, 485;
water front, xxvii;
tobacco its staple, xxvii.

Virginians of English stock, xvii;
their physique, xvii;
increase of population, xix.

Visscher, C. J., 376, 418.

Visscher, N., _Atlas minor_, 375, 438;
map by, 390;
map of New Sweden, 467;
map of New Netherland, 438;
map, sketch of, 385.

Vitelleschi, 301.

Vitray, 354.

Viverius, 102.

Volpellio, map (1556), 90, 99.

Von Murr, his _Behaim_, 18.

Von Sybel, _Historische Zeitschrift_, 502.

Vos haven, 391.

Voyageurs, 164.

Vries, de, David Pietersen, 400, 401.

Wabash, 232;
called Ouabach, 224, 237, 261.

Wadsworth, Benjamin, 355.

Wagenaar, Jean, _Vaderlandsche Historie_, 425.

Walker, A., “A forgotten Hero”, in _Frazer’s Magazine_, 66.

Wallabout, 400.

Walley, John, 353;
autog., 364;
his narrative of the attack on Quebec, 363.

Walloons in New Netherland, 400.

Walruses, 30.

Wampum, 55.

Warburton, Eliot, _Conquest of Canada_, 364.

Warwick, Earl of, his grant, 401.

“Warwick”, ship, 165, 412.

Wasa, 462.

Washburn, J. D., on Verrazano, 18.

Wassenaer, N. J. de, 424;
_Hist. Verhael_, etc., 416, 424.

Watson, J. F., _Annals of New York_, 440;
_Annals of Philadelphia_, 440.

Watson, History of _Essex County, N. Y._, 125.

Watteau, Père, 288.

Weise, _History of Troy_, 435.

Wells, Edward, _New Sett of Maps_, 393.

Wells (Me.), attacked, 160;
Bourne’s _History_, 160.

West India Company (Dutch), 396, 397, 398, 402, 410, 414;
its records, 410, 431;
established, 416, 424, 425;
object of, 418;
history of, 418;
its flag, 418;
hostile feeling against, 422, 423.

West Indies, Champlain in, 133.

Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society, 198.

Westminster, treaty of, 145.

Weymouth, George, 110.

Whale, white, 52.

Wheeler, _History of Castine_, 147.

Whipple, Joseph, _Geographical View_, 155.

White, John, his map, 45.

White Mountains, iv.

White Sand Island, 50, 51.

Whitelock in Sweden, 476.

Whitelocke, Bulstrode, _Journal_, 495.

Whittlesey, Colonel Charles, 207, 242.

Wieser, _Magalhâes-Strasse_, 45.

Willem Hendrick, Fort, 408.

Willemsen, S., 463.

Willemstadt, 408.

Williams, J. F., _History of St. Paul_, 199.

Williams, Roger, and the Dutch, 428.

Williamson, _History of Maine_, 138.

Willis, William, _Portland_, 159.

Wilmere, Alice, 134.

Winchester, Colonel W. P., 367.

Winckelmann, H. J., 426.

Windebanke, Sir Francis, 448.

Winnebago, Lake, 224.

Winnebagoes, 167, 175.

Winnipeg, 166.

Winsor, Justin, “Baron La Hontan”, 257;
bibliography of the _Jesuit Relations_, 295;
“Cartography of the Northeast Coast of North America”, 81;
“Father Hennepin”, 247;
“General Atlases”, 369;
“Joliet, Marquette, and La Salle”, 201;
“Maps of Eastern Coast of North America”, 33;
“Maps of the Seventeenth Century”, 377.

Winthrop, Fitz-John, expedition against Montreal, 352;
autog., 364.

Winthrop, John, 456;
_History of New England_, 156;
his Journal, 156, 428, 495;
editions of, 428.

_Winthrop Papers_, 364.

Wiquefort, _Ambassadeur_, 424.

Wisconsin, Historical Society, 199;
bibliography of, 199;
histories, 199.

Wisconsin River, 167, 184, 196, (Miskonsing), 209, 232, 251, 252,
(Ouariconsing), 258.

Wolfe, J. D., 19.

Wolfenbüttel MS., 46.

Wolfgang, S., _Atlas minor_, 376.

Wrangel, H., 453.

Wright, Edward, _Certaine Errors of Navigation_, 369, 385.

Wuttke, H., _Geschichte der Erdkunde_, 38, 88.

Wyandots, 267, 286;
country of, 298.

Wytfliet, Cornelius, _Descriptionis Ptolemaicæ augmentum_, 101, 369;
fac-simile of title, 370;
map (1597), 79, 100.

Yates and Moulton, _History of New York_, 431.

Yazoos, 268.

Yonkers, 419.

York (Me.), captured, 160.

Young, Rev. Alexander, D.D., 151.

Young (Yong), Captain Thomas, 165.

Yucatan, 40, 41, 42, 46.

Yucatanet, 27.

Yucatania, 67.

Zaltieri map (1566), 93.

_Zee-Atlases_, 376.

Zeehelm, H. G., 486.

_Zeitschrift für allgemeine Erdkunde_, 35.

Zeni, 101.

Zipangu, 41.
_See_ Cipango.

Zorzi, _Paesi_, etc, 12.

Zurla, P., _Antiche mappe_, 414;
_di Marco Polo_, 82.

Zuyder Zee, 391.

Zwanendael, 400, 402, 418.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Egypt may perhaps afford an exception; but it is probable that the germs of its civilization came from Asia. All its relations are essentially Asiatic.

[2] It is likely that some part of the Aryan folk found their way to the Pacific shore in Corea and elsewhere; but the Aryan migrations setting to the East must have been uncommon, and the chance of Caucasian blood reaching America by this route small.

[3] I have elsewhere (Introduction to the _Memorial History of Boston_) noticed the fact that this difficulty in clearing the glaciated soils led the early settlers of New England to use the poorer soils first. Along the shore and the rivers there is a strip of sandy terrace deposits, the soils of which are rather lean, but which are free from boulders, so that the labor of clearing was relatively small. All, or nearly all, the first settlements in the glaciated districts were made on this class of soils.

[4] The slow progress of our agricultural exports during the first two hundred years of the history of this country, is in good part to be explained by the stubborn character of the soil which was then in use. The only easily subdued soils in use before 1800 were those of Virginia and Maryland. The sudden advance of the export trade in grain during the last fifty years marks the change which brought the great areas of non-glaciated soils of the Mississippi Valley and the South under cultivation.

[5] It is an interesting fact that while America has given but one domesticated animal to Europe, in the turkey, it has furnished a number of the most important vegetables, among them maize, tobacco, and the potato. The absence of strong domesticable animals in America doubtless affected the development of civilization among its indigenous people. The buffalo is apparently not domesticable. The horse, which seems to have been developed on North American soil, and to have spread thence to Europe and Asia, seems to have disappeared in America before the coming of man to its shores. The only beast which could profitably be subjugated was the weak vicuna, which could only be used for carrying light burdens. But for the help given them by the sheep, the bull, and the horse, we may well doubt if the Old-World races would have won their way much more effectively than those of America had done.

[6] See for special information on these points the _Investigations in the Military and Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers_. By Benjamin Apthorp Gould, Cambridge, 1869, p. 655. It is impossible to give here any sufficient extracts from this voluminous report. The reader is especially referred to chapters viii., ix., and x., for confirmation of the general statements made above.

The following table, compiled from Dr. Gould’s report, is extracted from the “General Account of Kentucky” in my _Reports of Progress of Kentucky Geological Survey_, new series, Frankfort, Kentucky, 1877, vol. ii. p. 387:—

TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF AMERICAN WHITE MEN COMPILED FROM REPORT OF
THE SANITARY COMMISSION, MADE FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
VOLUNTEERS DURING THE CIVIL WAR. BY B. A. GOULD.

Key to the table:

A - MEAN CIRCUMFERENCE OF CHEST.
B - Full inspiration. Inches.
C - After each inspiration.
D - Mean circumference around forehead and occipit.
E - Proportion of tall men in each 100,000.

-------------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----+------
MEAN HEIGHT. | | A | |
---------------------+-------+-------| Mean |-----+-----| |
| | |weight | | | D | E
| |Height | in | | | |
NATIVITY. |No. of | in |pounds.| B | C | |
| men. |Inches.| | | | |
---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-----+-----+------
New England |152,370| 67.834| 139.39|36.71|34.11|22.02| 295
N. Y., N. J., Penn. |273,026| 67.529| 140.83|37.06|34.38|22.10| 237
Ohio, Indiana |220,796| 68.169| 145.37|37.53|34.95|22.11| 486
Mich., Mo., Illinois | 71,196| 67.822| 141.78|37.29|34.04|22.19| 466
Seaboard Slave States| ... | ... | 140.99|36.64|34.23|21.93|(*)600
Kentucky, Tenn. | 50,334| 68.605| 149.85|37.83|35.30|22.32| 848
Free States west of | | | | | | |
Miss. R. | 3,811| 67.419| ... |37.53|34.84|21.97| 184
British Maritime | | | | | | |
Provinces | 6,320| 67.510| 143.59|37.13|34.81|22.13| 237
Canada | 31,698| 67.086| 141.35|37.14|34.35|22.11| 177
England | 30,037| 66.741| 137.61|36.91|34.30|22.16| 103
Scotland | 7,313| 67.258| 137.85|37.57|34.69|22.23| 178
Ireland | 83,128| 66.951| 139.18|37.54|35.27| ... | 84
Germany | 89,021| 66.660| 140.37|37.20|34.74|22.09| 106
Scandinavia | 6,782| 67.337| 148.14|38.39|35.37|22.37| 221
---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-----+-----+-----+------

* Slave States, not including Kentucky and Tennessee.

[7] The following statement concerning the history of this brigade during the campaign of 1864 was given me by my friend, General Fayette Hewett, who was adjutant of the command:—

“On the 7th of May, 1864, the Kentucky Brigade marched out of Dalton 1140 strong. The hospital reports show, that, up to September 1, 1,850 wounds were taken by the command. This includes the killed; but many were struck several times in one engagement, in which case the wounds were counted as one. In two battles over 51 per cent of all engaged were killed or wounded. During the whole campaign there were not more than ten desertions. The campaign ended with 240 men able to do duty; less than 50 were without wounds.”

[8] It is worth while to notice that this Dutch colony never had the energetic life of the English settlements, which may be in part attributed to the effort to fix the Continental seigniorial relations upon the land. It failed here as it failed in Canada, but it kept both colonies without the breath of hopeful, eager life which better land-laws gave to the English settlements. Nothing shows so well the perfect unfitness of all seigniorial land-systems to the best development of a country as the entire failure which met all efforts to fix it in American colonies.

[9] [See Vol. III. chap. i.—ED.]

[10] [See Vol. II. chap. i.—ED.]

[11] [We have no record of the results from this expedition, if it ever took place. Navarrete, Viages, iii. 42. Charlevoix says, “It is constantly admitted in our history that our kings paid no attention to America before 1523 [1524],” when Francis I. authorized the expedition of Verrazano. Shea’s _Charlevoix_, i. 107.—ED.

[12] [Cattle, which many years later were found on Sable Island, were supposed to be descendants of some which Léry landed there. Lescarbot, _Nouvelle France_, 1618, p. 21, is said to be the only authority for this expedition. Cf. Shea’s _Charlevoix_, i. 107; Kohl, _Discovery of Maine_, p. 203; D’Avezac in _Nouvelles Annales des Voyages_, 1864, vol. iii. p. 83; _Harper’s Monthly_, xxxiv. 4.—ED.]

[13] [See Vol. II. for accounts of the predatory excursions against the Spaniards.—ED.]

[14] [Some, however, have thought it to be Martha’s Vineyard. Cf. Brodhead’s _New York_, i. 57; _Hist. Mag._, ii. 99; _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, February, 1883, p. 91.—ED.]

[15] [It is accepted by Asher, in his introduction to his _Henry Hudson_. An ancient cannon found in the St. Lawrence has even been connected with a shipwreck experienced by Verrazano there. Cf. Amable Berthelot, _Dissertation sur le Canon de Bronze trouvé en 1826 sur un banc de Sable dans le Fleuve Saint Laurent_. Quebec, 1827.—ED.]

[16] Lok’s translation, fol. 317.

[17] See Vol. II.

[18] _Paesi nouamente retrouati, et nouo Mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino intitulato._ The volume has often been catalogued under the name of Vespucius (the only name that appears upon its titlepage). It has been ascribed to Zorzi on the authority of a note by Humboldt in his _Examen critique_, iv. 79. Harrisse, in describing the book (_Bibliotheca Americana vetustissima_, no. 48, pp. 96^d-99), accepted this statement; but in the Appendix to the volume, at p. 469, he says that M. d’Avezac has pointed out that Zorzi collected only some additional manuscript matter in a copy in the Magliabechian Library. Harrisse, therefore, in the _Additions_ to his _Bibliotheca_, published in 1872, reinserts the title (no. 26, pp. 34-38), and credits the volume to Montalboddo. There is a copy in Harvard College Library, dated Nov. 17, 1508, which is supposed to be of the second edition. The work was translated into French, German, Dutch, and Latin. There is a bibliography of the book in the papers on “Ptolemy’s Geography,” _sub anno_ 1511, in the _Bulletin of Harvard University_, 1882-1883. [Cf. Vol. II. Index, and _Bib. Am. Vet. Add._ nos. 48, 71.—ED.]

[19] _Jean et Sébastian Cabot_, pp. 256-266.

[20] _Primera y segunda parte de la historia general de las Indias, con todo el descubrimiento y cosas notables que han acaecido dende que se ganaron ata el año de 1551._ Folio. [See Vol. III. p. 27.—ED.]

[21] Chap. xxxvii. fol. 43, ed. of Antwerp, 1554.

[22] _Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano._ 4 vols. folio. Madrid, 1601-1615.

[23] _Delle navigationi et viaggi, raccolte da M. Gio. Battista Ramusio._ 3 vols. folio. Venice, 1550-1559.

[24] _Tratado que compôs o nobre & notauel capitão Antonio Galuão, dos diuersos & desuayrados caminhos, por onde nos tempos passados a pimenta & especearia veyo da India as nossas partes, & assi de todos os descobrimentos antigos & modernos, que sũo feitos ate a era de mil & quinhentos & cincoenta. Com os nomes particulares das pessoas que os fizeram: & em que tempos & as suas alturas, obre certo muy notauel & copiosa._ There is no date on the titlepage, but the colophon says that the book was “printed in the house of John Barreira, printer to the King our Lord, the 15th of December, 1563.”

[25] _The Discoveries of the World, from their first originall unto the year of our Lord 1555._ 4to, London, 1601.

[26] [Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. i. no. 241; vol. ii. no. 1; vol. iii. no. 469; Sabin, _Dictionary_, vol. vii. p. 143.—ED.]

[27] _Chronica do felecissimo Rey D. Manoel, dividada en 4 partes_, folio. Lisbon, 1565-1567.

[28] _Discoveries of the World_ (Hakluyt Society’s ed.), pp. 182, 183. The amended translation reads: “He traversed the greater part of Europe by his own free will; a thing worthy of praise and remembrance, since he enlightened his country with many things unknown to her.”

[See Vol. II. on the bibliography of Galvano—ED.]

[29] I cite from the third edition, published at Lisbon in 1749, apparently an exact reprint of an earlier one. Its title reads: _Chronica de serenissimo senhor Rei D. Manoel, escritas por Damião de Goes_. A copy is in the Boston Public Library.

[30] _De rebus Emmanuelis, regis Lusitaniæ virtute et auspiciis gestis ... libri duodecim._ Folio. Cologne, 1571. There were several editions of this work (1581, 1597, etc.), and it was translated into French quite early; into Dutch in 1661-1663; into English by James Gibbs in 1752, and into Portuguese in 1804. Harvard College Library has a copy of the edition of Cologne, 1586, which contains, in addition to the History, a long Preface and Commentary by Metellus Sequanus about the discoveries and navigations of the Spanish and Portuguese.

[31] [Peschel, who did conspicuous service in this field, was born in 1826, and died in 1875. Georg Ebers delivered a “Denkrede” at his death, which is printed, accompanied by a portrait, in the _Jahresbericht des Vereins für Erdkunde in Leipzig_, 1875.—ED.]

[32] _Die Entdeckung Amerikas_, note 115, p. 93. [See Vol. III. p. 217.—Ed.]

[33] Ibid., notes 119, 120, p. 93.

[34] [Cf. also Lafitau, _Histoire des découvertes ... des Portugais dans le Nouveau Monde_. Paris, 1733. 2 vols. 4to.—ED.]

[35] _Compte rendu_ of the Congress, i. 232-324 and 469-480.

[36] [There is a sketch of this chart on a later page.—ED.]

[37] _Discovery of Maine_, p. 181. [See Vol. III. p. 56.—ED.]

[38] _Navigationi_, iii. 423-433.

[39] _Recherches sur les voyages et découvertes des navigateurs Normands._ 8vo, Paris, 1832. M. Estancelin gives (pp. 216-240) a translation of the Italian version of the great captain’s discourse. He thinks that it may have been written by Pierre Mauclerc, the astronomer of the “Sacre,” one of Parmentier’s vessels; but MM. d’Avezac and Margry attribute it to Pierre Crignon, who was also of Parmentier’s company. See Introduction to the _Bref Récit_ of Jacques Cartier, p. vii; and Margry’s _Les Navigations Françaises_, pp. 130, 199. The Journal of the Sumatra voyage was found by M. Estancelin among the papers of a M. Tarbé at Sens, who inherited it from his brother, a merchant at Rouen; see _Recherches_, pp. 191, 192. M. Harrisse (_Jean et Sébastien Cabot_, pp. 301-303) describes two other manuscripts relating to Parmentier’s voyage, the more important of which will be published in the series of Voyages of which the Cabot is the first volume. Cf. Murphy, _Verrazzano_, p. 85; Hakluyt, _Westerne Planting_, p. 197.

[40] _Eusebii Chronicon_, Paris, 1512, fol. 172; cf. Murphy’s _Verrazzano_, p. 62. Stephanus was the printer of this _Chronicon_, and 1511 is found in some copies, or in what is, perhaps, another edition. Cf. Harrisse, _Bib. Am. Vet._ no. 71; _Additions_, nos. 43, 54; Muller (1872), no. 571.

[41] Margry, _Les Navigations Françaises_, appendix, ii. 371 _et seq._

[42] Shea’s _Charlevoix_, i. 106. See the Editorial Note at the end of this chapter.

[43] _Navigationi_, iii. 420-423.

[44] _Collections_, 2d ser., i. 37-68.

[45] _Divers Voyages_ (Hakluyt Society’s ed.), pp. 55-90; _Principal Navigations_, iii. 295-300; again in the 1809 edition. Hakluyt omits this narrative in his single volume of _Navigations_, published in 1589. [On the Hakluyt publications, see Vol. III., Index.—ED.]

[46] Pages 197-228. It is also reprinted by Murphy in his _Verrazzano_, and by Conway Robinson in his _Discoveries_. The Italian was given in 1853 in the _Archivio Storico Italiano_, v. ix, Appendix, with an essay on Verrazano by Arcangeli.

[47] Lescarbot, Charlevoix, and others speak of it. The earliest French mention in print is said to be that of Belleforest, in his _Histoire universelle du monde_, 1570. It was repeated in his 1575 edition; and more at length in his _Cosmographie universelle de tout le monde_. Ribault, whose expedition took place in 1562, and Laudonnière (1564-1565) both speak of it. But the work of the latter was not printed until 1586, and it has been supposed that the _editio princeps_ of Ribault is the English translation published in 1563. Hakluyt’s statement, in his _Discourse concerning Westerne Planting_ (Maine Historical Society, 2d ser., ii. 20), that Ribault’s narrative was “extant in printe bothe in Frenche and Englishe,” makes it quite possible, however, that the mention in Belleforest is not the earliest printed one. Cf. Shea’s _Charlevoix_, i. 107.

Among the English authors Hakluyt should be particularly mentioned. He speaks in the Dedication of his _Divers Voyages_ (Hakluyt Society’s ed., p. 11) of Verrazano having been “thrise on that coast” [the American], and of an “olde excellent mappe which he gaue to king Henrie the eight;” giving also a representation of Lok’s map, made “according to Verazanus plat.” In his _Discourse on Westerne Planting_, first published by the Maine Historical Society in 1877, he says (pp. 113, 114): “There is a mightie large olde mappe in parchemente, made, as yt shoulde seme, by Verarsanus ... nowe in the custodie of Mr. Michael Locke;” and again, of “an olde excellent globe in the Queenes privie gallory at Westminster, which also semeth to be of Verarsanus makinge.”

Herrera condenses the account of the voyage from the letter published by Ramusio; De Barcia (_Ensayo chronologico para la historia general de la Florida_, 1723) also gives it. This latter identifies Verrazano with the corsair, Juan Florin. Dr. Kohl gives an interesting account of Verrazano’s voyage, with a valuable Appendix on maps, in the eighth chapter of his _Discovery of Maine_.

[48] [See accounts of Mr. Smith in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1873, p. 89, and the American Antiquarian Society’s _Proceedings_, April, 1871. There has been some discussion of the controversy in the same publication by Charles Deane and J. D. Washburn, April and October, 1876. Cf. Duyckinck, _Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Supplement_, pp. 7, 157.—ED.]

[49] See Judge Daly’s letter in the _Journal_ of the American Geographical Society, vol. iii. p. 80.

[50] [Harrisse has enumerated the sources in his _Cabots_, p. 279. De Costa’s bibliography first appeared in the _Magazine of American History_, January, 1881.—ED.]

[51] Third series, vol. xxvi. pp. 48-68; cf. also his note to M. Gravier in the _Compte rendu_ of the “Américanistes,” 1877, p. 536.

[52] This Appendix is printed in the _Atti_, xv. 355-378.

[53] [It is worthy of note that Ortelius in 1570, aiming to enumerate all available maps for his purpose, makes no mention of any map by either of the Verrazanos.—ED.]

[54] Fifth series, xxxv. 269-272. The communication runs through four numbers of the _Annales_, beginning with that of October, 1852; its title is _Les papes géographes et la cartographie du Vatican_. These papers were published separately the same year under the same title.

[55] _Verrazano the Navigator_, pp. 124, 125.

[56] The article was reprinted as a chapter of the author’s _Verrazano the Explorer_.

[57] Vol. vi. pp. 203, 204. Mr. Murphy reproduces this map in his _Voyage of Verrazzano_, p. 114.

[58] This paper forms a chapter of _Verrazano the Navigator_, pp. 64-82. [An extract from this globe is given on a later page.—ED.]

[59] _Discovery of Maine_, pp. 290-299; _Verrazano the Navigator_, pp. 140-142; _Verrazano the Explorer_, pp. 50-56.

[60] _The Voyage of Verrazzano_, pp. 8, 9.

[61] Ibid., p. 10.

[62] Ibid., p. 14. Cf. De Costa, p. 21, n. 3.

[63] Ibid., pp. 25, 26.

[64] Mr. Major has deciphered the following legend on this map, which settles its date: “Faictes à Arques par Pierre Desceliers, presb^{re} 1546.” See Harrisse’s _Jean et Sébastien Cabot_, p. 216, and also a sketch of the map on a later page.

[65] _Voyage of Verrazzano._, p. 69.

[66] Ibid., pp. 76-79.

[67] Ibid., pp. 126-133.

[68] _Voyage of Verrazzano_, p. 145.

[69] [He calls it “A Chapter in the Early History of Maritime Discovery in America.” Scholars regret that his death, Dec. 2, 1882, prevented the completion of such a comprehensive work, which was to be the crowning labor of his literary life. There are accounts of Mr. Murphy (with portraits) in Stiles’s _Brooklyn_, ii. 266; _New York Genealogical and Biographical Record_, January, 1883; _Democratic Review_, xxi. 78; xl. 193. His library was particularly rich in editions of Ptolemy and other early works of geography and exploration. Cf. Duyckinck, _Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Supplement_, 154.—ED.]

[70] Major, in _Geographical Magazine_, iii. 188.

[71] _Voyage of Verrazzano_, pp. 139, 163.

[72] _Revue critique_, January, 1876.

[73] M. Desimoni also prints these documents; _Atti_, xv. 176.

[74] _Verrazano the Explorer_, preface.

[75] See Hakluyt’s _Discourse on Westerne Planting_, printed by the Maine Historical Society and also Mr. Deane’s note at p. 216 of that volume.

[76] _Verrazano the Explorer_, pp. 14-19, 21, n. 3.

[77] Ibid., pp. 9-12.

[78] _Atti_, xv. 124, 146, 147.

[79] _Geographical Magazine_, iii. 187.

[80] _Geographical Magazine_, iii. 187.

[81] _Discovery of Maine_, p. 253; and cf. also Desimoni in _Atti_, xv. 120.

[82] _Verrazano the Explorer_, p. 35.

[83] _Discovery of Maine_, p. 269.

[84] See _post_, p. 29.

[85] Vol. x. 1866, p. 229.

[86] _Jean et Sébastien Cabot_, pp. 284-287; Harrisse cites the passages about Gomez.

[87] _Geographical Magazine_, iii. 187.

[88] Dr. De Costa considers this question of the deduction of the letter from the Ribero map, and gives on one sheet a sketch of the coast from the Verrazano map, and the same coast according to Ribero. See _Verrazano the Explorer_, pp. 22-25. M. Desimoni devotes a section of his paper to the same question. _Atti_, xv. 126-130.

[89] Martyr, _Opus epistolarum_, ed. 1530, fol. cxciiii.

[90] _Verrazano the Explorer_, p. 44.

[91] [There is an interesting memoir on the history of the successive French flags in the _Revue des questions historiques_, x. 148, 404; xvii. 506.—ED.]

[92] For Mr. Brevoort’s account and description of this map, see his _Verrazano the Navigator_, pp. 122-139.

[93] [The Editor has traced the cartographical history of the Western Sea in a Note following this chapter.—ED.]

[94] _Verrazano the Explorer_, pp. 43-63.

[95] _Atti_, xv. 169-176. In a “revised extract from the Verrazano map, 1881,” prepared after the publication of his book, Dr. De Costa accepts all, or very nearly all, of M. Desimoni’s corrections, which are, however, not of much moment.

[96] [These legends are shown on the fac-simile of Desimoni’s reproduction, given on a later page.—ED.]

[97] M. Desimoni’s paper is printed in the _Atti_ of the Genoese Society, xv. 355-378. Mr. Brevoort was the first in this country to call attention to this Maggiolo map, in the _Magazine of American History_ for February, 1882. He furnished a second article on the subject in the number of the following July. This map is given on a later page.

[98] _Oviedo de la natural hystoria de las Indias. Con preuilegio de la S. C. C. M._ On the verso of the titlepage, _Sumario de la natural y general istoria de las Indias, que escriuio Gōçalo Fernādez de Oviedo, alias de Valdes, natura de la villa de Madrid, vezino y regidor de la cibdad de santa Maria del antigua del Darien_, etc. The colophon states that the book was printed, at the author’s cost, by “Remō de Petras,” at Toledo, and finished Feb. 15, 1526. There is a copy in Harvard College Library.

[99] _The Decades of the newe Worlde, or west India, ... wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden._ 4to, London, 1555. This volume contains Martyr’s first three decades, a translation of Oviedo’s _Sumario_, and parts of Gomara, Ramusio, Pigafetta, Americus Vespucius, Münster, and others. My citation is from fols. 213, 214.

[100] _De orbe nouo Petri Martyris ab Angleria Mediolanensis Protonotarii Cæsaris Senatoris decades._ Folio, _Complutum_ (Alcala), 1530.

[101] _Opus episcolarū Petri Martyris ... nūc pmū et natū & mediocri cura excusum._ Folio. Copies of both books are in Harvard College Library.

[102] _Dec._ vi. c. 10, fol. xc. The translation is from Lok’s _De orbe novo_. 4to, London, 1612, fol. 246.

[103] Dec. viii. c. 10, fol. cxvii; Lok’s translation, fol. 317.

[104] _Opus epistolarum_, book xxxvii. fol. 199.

[105] _Hist. gen. de las Indias_, Antwerp, 1554, c. xl. fol. 44.

[106] _Hechos de las Castellanos_, Madrid, 1730; Dec. iii. p. 241.

[107] _Galvano_ (Hak, Soc. ed.), p. 167.

[108] See _ante_, p. 24.

[109] Chap. viii. There are other modern examinations of these accounts, more or less minute, in Biddle’s _Cabot_, book ii. chap. 8; in Asher’s Introduction to his _Henry Hudson_, p. lxxxvii; in Buckingham Smith’s paper, 1866, before the New York Historical Society, epitomized in _Hist. Mag._, x. 229, and p. 368 for authorities; in Murphy’s _Verrazzano_, p. 117; and in Brevoort’s _Verrazano_, p. 80. Harrisse, in his _Cabot_, p. 282, gives the authorities.

[110] See Harrisse, _Bib. Amer. vetus._, nos. 134, 192, 215, and p. 249. The whole voyage was published in French at Paris, _l’an ix._ (1801). Gomez’ desertion is told at p. 43 of this edition. An English translation of Pigafetta is in Pinkerton’s _Collection of Voyages_, London, 1808-1814, vol. xi. p. 288 _et seq._ [Cf. the chapter on Magellan in Vol. II.—ED.]

[111] _Coleccion de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Españoles._ 5 vols., Madrid, 1825-1837. See on this point his _Noticia historica_ to the _Viages menores_ in vol. iii.

[112] _Navarrete_, iii. 77.

[113] Ibid., pp. 122-127.

[114] Ibid., pp. 153-160.

[115] Ibid., p. 179.

[116] _Coleccion de documentos ineditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organizacion de las antiguas posessiones españolas de America y Oceania._ 22 vols., 8vo, Madrid, 1864-1874. This Agreement is in the last volume, pp. 74-78.

[117] New York and London, 1843, pp. 417-419.

[118] [See Vol. III. p. 16; and the present volume, chap. viii.—ED.]

[119] _Discovery of Maine_, p. 302.

[120] _Discovery of Maine_, pp. 307-315. [Cf. the Editorial Note on the maps, 1535-1600, following the succeeding chapter.—ED.]

[121] _Les singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amerique; & de plusieurs terres & isles découvertes de nostre temps. Par F. André Thevet, natif d’Angoulesme._ 4to. Paris, 1558. [Copies are worth between three and four hundred francs,—Maisonneuve in 1881 pricing it at 400 francs. Quaritch held a copy in 1883 at so high a price as £60. The cuts are well done, and Gaffarel thinks them the work of Jean Cousin.—ED.] _La cosmographie vniverselle d’André Thevet, cosmographe dv roy. Illustrée de diuerses figures des choses plus remarquables vevës par l’auteur, et incogneües de noz anciens & modernes._ 2 vols., folio, Paris, 1575. It has 204 pages on America; cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. i. no. 599. Mr. Brevoort says that he has a copy of the _Singularitez_ with the date 1557; see his _Verrazano_, p. 112. [Another copy of this date (1557) is shown in the _Huth Catalogue_, vol. iv. p. 1464, which says that its collation agrees with Brunet’s collation of the copies dated 1558. A copy of the 1557 date brought $17 in Boston in 1844. Both books are in the Astor Library.—ED.]

[122] [Published at Anvers, 1558. The cuts are but poor copies of those in the Paris edition; cf. Bernard’s _Geofroy Tory_, Paris, 1865, p. 320. Leclerc thinks it rarer than the Paris edition of the same year, because Ternaux does not mention it. (_Brinley Catalogue_, vol. i. no. 150.) Harvard College Library has this edition, which Quaritch prices at £7 7_s._—ED.]