Chapter XXXVI: Book V: , Pausanias says he is proceeding north from the Council-house (13)

_Farnese Diadoumenos_, statue in British Museum, 151f., 154;
compared with _Diadoumenos_ from Vaison, 154.

_Farnese Herakles_, statue in Naples, 252, 253;
of Lysippan origin, 253;
as realistic work, 289.

_Farnese Hermes_, statue in British Museum, 72.

Farnsworth Museum, Wellesley, Mass., statue of athlete in, 139.

Fawn, as attribute of _Philesian Apollo_, 119.

Fellows, C., discovers Chimæra tomb at Xanthos, 271.

Fevers, cured by victor statues, 364.

Ficoroni cista, in Rome, 243, 269.

Fierce expression (γοργόν), of Philandridas head from Olympia, 294,
297;
threatening look of athletes mentioned by Sokrates, 59.

File, use of, on Philandridas head, 295.

Fillet, victor, 168f.;
on victor statues, 149f.;
on statue from Piræus, 150;
in hand of victor, 150;
on heads, 96;
as symposium attribute, 149;
rolled, on heads of Herakles, 170.
See _Tainia_.

Fillet-binders, or diadoumenoi, 150f.

Fine, paid by Theagenes, 247.

Finger, as common measure in proportions, 68.

Flasch, A. F., on bronze head of a boxer from Olympia, 255;
on the Olympia gable sculptures, 114;
on positions of victor statues in Altis, 340.

Flaxman, John, sculptor, on proportions, 68.

Flute-playing, at Delphi, 25;
accompanies pentathlon, at Olympia, 284;
on vases, 285.

Flutists, statues of victorious, 284;
honor statue of, 42;
on chest of Kypselos, 285.

Flying mare, throw in pankration, 247;
throw in wrestling, 229.

Foal-race, at Olympia, 260.

Foerster, H., on location of statue of Ladas, 197;
on statue of Leon, 366.

Foerster, R., on head of hoplitodrome, from Olympia, 163.

Foot, as common measure in proportions, 68;
bronze, from victor statue at Olympia, 255, 322;
left, forward in Egyptian and early Greek statues, 332.

Footmarks, on bases of victor statues, at Olympia, 43.

Foot-race, the, at games of Patroklos, 8;
at the _Heraia_, at Olympia, 49.
See Stade-race.

Forearm, fragment of, with horn, in relief, 4.

Fragments, bronze, of victor statues, from Olympia, 322;
marble, from Olympia, 324;
bronze, of boy victor statues from Olympia, 322;
marble, of boy victor statues from Olympia, 324, 325.

Frascati, statuette from, in Boston, 138.

Frazer, J. G., on Arrhachion’s statue, 327;
on funeral games, 11;
on omission of Olympiad 211 from Elean register, 369;
on statue of Diitrephes, Athens, 373.

“Free” leg, motive in sculpture, 109, 226.

Friedrichs, K., on identifying _Doryphoros_ from Pompeii, 224.

Friedrichs-Wolters, on Olympia gable sculptures, 114.

Fritsch, G., on body proportions in Greek sculpture, 67.

Froehner, W., on the _Jason_ of the Louvre, 87.

“Frontality,” law of, formulated, 175, 328.

Frost, K. T., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera,
82;
on differences between the _Agias_ and _Apoxyomenos_, 290;
on Ligourió bronze, 111.

Funeral games, on archaic vases, 13;
attested by early Greek art, 12;
on Dipylon vase, in Copenhagen, 13;
in honor of Azan, 9; in honor of eminent men, 11;
in honor of Patroklos, 8, 9;
origin of, 14;
periodic, 13, 14;
on sarcophagus from Klazomenai, 13;
funeral customs survive in later ritual, 11.

Funerary reliefs, Attic, 66.

Furtwaengler, A., on Akropolis chariot relief, 271;
on the _Alkibiades_ of Vatican, 199, 200;
on the _Apoxyomenos_ of Uffizi, 137;
on the _Apoxyomenos_ of Vatican, 136;
on Aristion’s statue, 88, 241;
on athlete head in Copenhagen, 95;
on athlete statue in British Museum, 293;
on bronze head of a boxer in Glyptothek, 63;
on bronze head of a boxer from Olympia, 255;
on bronze foot from Olympia, 255;
on bronze head from Akropolis, 115;
on bronze statuette in Louvre, 139;
on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ type, 90;
on statue of Diitrephes, on Akropolis, 373;
on so-called _Diomedes_, of Palazzo Valentini, Rome, 207;
on doryphoroi of Pliny, 226;
on term doryphoros, 226;
on Dresden athlete statues, 292;
on _Dresden Boy_, 213;
on Egyptian influence on “Apollo” type, 329;
on ephebe statue from Akropolis, 115;
on erecting statues of victors at Olympia, 38;
on Esquiline charioteer, 276;
on Eupompos’ painting of Olympic victor, 160;
on excavations at Aegina, 124;
on Hagelaïdas, 110;
on _Idolino_, 141, 142;
on influence of athletics on Greek art, 64;
on Kassel boxer, 155;
on Kassel head of Polykleitos’ _Diadoumenos_, 153;
on kneeling figures from West gable at Olympia, 195;
on Kresilæan athlete head, 145;
on statue of Kylon, on Akropolis, 362;
on statue of Kyniska, at Olympia, 131;
on Kyniska’s victor group at Olympia, 267;
on Kyniskos’ statue, 74;
on _Lansdowne Herakles_, 313;
on libation-pouring, 139;
on Ligourió bronze, 111;
on marble head in Turin, 93;
on Monteleone chariot in Metropolitan Museum, 264;
on motive of Pheidias’ _Diadoumenos_, 151;
on Munich _Oil-pourer_, 134;
on _Munich King_, (?), 226;
on Myron’s _pristae_, 188;
on _nudus talo incessens_ of Polykleitos, 250, 251;
on Olympia gable sculptures, 114;
on Petworth ephebe, 133;
on Pheidias’ hair treatment in goddess heads, 53;
on Philandridas head, 294;
on Pythagoras, 179, 180;
on Pythokles’ statue, 212;
on Rayet head, 128;
on Riccardi bust in Florence, 180;
on right arm of boy victor, from Olympia, 46;
on rolled fillet, 96;
on short and long hair of god heads, 52;
on Somzée athlete, 251;
on sparring motive in Berlin torso, 244;
on _Standing Diskobolos_, 76;
on statue from Carinthia, 131;
on statue “doubles,” 304;
on statue of youth in Berlin, 292;
on tin-foil wheels, from Olympia, 23;
on two heads of hoplitodromes from Olympia, 163;
on use of marble in Olympic victor statues, 324;
on “Vatican athlete at rest,” 140;
Furtwaengler and Urlichs, on use of bronze for Olympic victor
statues, 321.

Galen, on ball-playing, 84;
on the _Doryphoros_, 70;
protests against professionalism in athletics, 36, 37.

Games, early Greek, 1f.;
origin of, in cult of dead, 9f.;
origin of four national, 9;
early history of, 14f.;
local, 17f.

Ganymedes, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, 195.

Gardiner, E. N., on _apobates_ horse-race, 282;
on colossal _Farnese Herakles_, 252;
on diskos-throwing, 218f.;
on earliest event at Olympia, 37;
on Irish fairs, 12;
on origin of four-horse chariot-race at Olympia, 259;
on positions in javelin-throwing, 223;
on rules of pankration, 246;
on shapes of jumping-weights, 214;
on Uffizi pancratiast group, 252.

Gardner, E. A., on the _Agias_, 303;
on artist school at Olympia, 58;
on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 81;
on contrast between the _Atalanta_ and other Tegea heads, 310,
note 3;
on epigram from statue of Ladas, 197;
on eye treatment in the _Agias_, 315;
on eye treatment in the _Atalanta_ from Tegea, 310;
on honors paid to victors, 36;
on helmeted head from Tegea, 308.

Gardner, P., on date of Lysippos 300, 301;
on Greek portraiture, 55;
on head of _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos, in Oxford, 154, 155;
on the _Meleager_ and _Lansdowne Herakles_ as Lysippan, 315;
quotes K. T. Frost on the _Agias_ and the _Apoxyomenos_, 290;
on symmetry, 66.

Gelados; see Hagelaïdas.

Gelo, chariot-group at Olympia, 23, 122, 257, 264, 266, 344, 355;
as dedicator of Delphi _Charioteer_, 278.

Gem, showing _Apoxyomenos_ of Polykleitos, 136;
showing _Diskobolos_, 187;
showing Perseus and Gorgon’s head, 83;
showing poses of Olympic victor statues, 214.

Genzano, bust of Herakles from, 169, 170.

Geraistos, Euboea, 373.

Gerhard, E., on vases showing four-horse chariots, 263.

_Germanicus_, statue so-called, 85.

Germanicus Caesar, victor in chariot race at Olympia, 257, 261, 357,
358, 359.

Germans, excavations of Olympia by, 43.

Gestures, “transitory” and “stationary,” 83.

Geta, coin of, 306.

Girl runner, statue in Vatican, 49, 50;
statuette from Dodona, 28.

Gladiatorial shows, borrowed from Etruria by Romans, 11.

Glaukias, sculptor, 32, 122, 125, 176, 243, 244, 264, 266, 278.

Glaukon, chariot-group at Olympia, 23, 265, 347.

Glaukos, statue at Olympia, 32, 122, 125, 176, 243.

Glykon, sculptor, 252, 253.

Gods, statues of, dedicated to other gods and goddesses, 335;
worship of, supersedes that of heroes, 14.

Goldsmiths, in Crete, 4.

Gorgias, honor statue at Olympia, 42, 351.

Gorgon, on Pindar’s VIIth Olympic ode, 365.

Gorgos, statue at Olympia, 55, 59.

Gouging, prohibited in pankration, 246;
shown on r.-f. kylix, 246.

Graef, B., on Antenor’s female statue from Akropolis, 174;
on copies of original of _Lansdowne Herakles_, 313;
Skopaic group of, 315.

Grain, as prize at the _Eleusinia_, 20.

Grained-hair technique, 53.

Granianos; see Kranaos.

Grave-relief, fragment from Dipylon, 127.

Great Altar; see Zeus, Great Altar of.

Greaves, early attribute of hoplitodromoi, 161;
later discarded, 203.

Greece, dependent on outside peoples in early art, 329;
debt to Orient, 330;
Roman conquest of, 261.

Greek anthologies, see Anthologies, Greek.

Greek and Egyptian statues compared, 332.

“Grinning” group, of so-called “Apollo” statues, 100.

Guillaume, E., on measurements of _Doryphoros_, 70.

Gurlitt, W., on Pausanias’ routes in Altis, 340.

Gymnasia, absent in Homer, 7;
statues of athletes in, 297;
statues of athletic gods in, 75, 94.

Gymnasiarch, Hermes as, 78.

Gymnasion, Great, at Olympia, 297, 299, 356.

Gymnasium, scene from, on r.-f. kylix, 164.

Gythion, statue of Herakles, at, 319.

Habich, G., on _Standing Diskobolos_, 78.

Hadrian, revives Nemean games at Argos, 17;
villa of, at Tivoli, 80, 174.

Hagelaïdas. sculptor, 36;
canon of, 68, 148, 159;
chariot-group of Kleosthenes, at Olympia, by, 266;
date of, 61, 321;
teacher of Myron and Polykleitos, 61, 110;
teacher of Pheidias, 110;
called Gelados by scholiast on Aristophanes’ _Ranae_, 110.

Hair-fashion, athletic, 50f.;
Bulle on hair, 53;
ephebes dedicate hair to a god, 51;
grained style, 53;
on Hellenistic heads, 296.
Long, at Athens, after Persian Wars, 51;
long, on athletes, before Persian Wars, 335;
braided, by boxers and pancratiasts, 51;
discarded in wrestling, 51;
in Homer, 50, 51;
on monuments, 52;
on old Attic vases, 52;
as sign of effeminacy, 51;
at Sparta, 51;
at Thermopylæ, 51;
worn by knights, 51;
long and short, on god statues, 52;
pearl-string style of, 53;
pictorial treatment of, 53.
Short hair, on “Apollo” statues, 335;
short, on athletes, after Persian Wars, 51, 335;
on children, at Sparta, 51;
on early vases, 52;
on monuments, 52;
not characteristic of athletes, 50, 51;
as sign of mourning, at Athens, 51;
of slaves, 51;
sketchy treatment, on _Hermes_ of Praxiteles, 303;
snail-volute style of, 53.
See _Krobylos_.

Halikarnassos, funeral games at, 11;
chariot-group from Mausoleion at, 244.

Halimous, grave-relief from Attic deme of, 249.

_Halteres_; see Jumping-weights.

Hamilton, Gavin, 76.

Harmodios, statue of, 148, 173f.
See also Aristogeiton and _Tyrannicides_.

Hartwig, P., on bronze statuette from Capua, 207.

Hauser, F., on Autun statuette of pancratiast, 249-251;
on armor worn in hoplite-race, 203;
on bronze athlete statue from Ephesos, 138;
on bronze wrestlers from Herculaneum, 231;
on Delian _Diadoumenos_, 92;
on Tux bronze, 207.

Head-dress, artificial, on charioteers, 275, 276.

“Healer,” epithet of the _Delian Apollo_, 304.

Heave, in wrestling, 229;
bronze wrestler-group in Paris, showing, 232;
on metope of Theseion, 232;
on r.-f. kylix, 230.

Hegestratos, statue at Athens, 27.

Hegias, sculptor, 110, 126, 175, 279;
compared with Kallon, 122;
criticism of, by Lucian, 60.

Hekatompedon, the, on Akropolis, 128.

Hektor, 7.

Helbig, W., on Barracco athlete statue, 157, 159;
on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_, 90;
on _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos, 226;
on funerary relief, from Dipylon, 156;
on Greek knights, 282;
on head of _Standing Diskobolos_, 77, 78;
on _Spinario_, 201;
on Vatican statuette, 212.

Helikon, Mount, statues of poets and musicians on, 284;
tripod on, dedicated by Hesiod, 21, 22.

Heliodoros, description of wrestling-match by, 252.

Hellanikos, statue at Olympia, 240, 342, 343.

Hellanodikai, the, at Olympia, 27 and n. 20, 29, 45, 227, 259.

Hellenistic Prince, statue of a, 73;
assimilated to type of Alexander, 73.

Helmets, on _Boxer Vase_ from Crete, 7;
as early attributes of hoplite runners, 161;
of hoplite runners, 48.

_Hemerodromoi_, institution of, 190.

Hephaistion, funeral games in honor of, 11.

Hera, temple of Lakinian, near Kroton, 363;
worship of, at Olympia, earlier than that of Zeus, 16.
See _Heraion_.

_Heraia_, the, games at Argos, 20;
games at Olympia, 49;
girls at, divided into three classes, 189;
reliefs vowed by girl runners at, 29;
running race for girls at, 191.

Heraion, the, at Olympia, 16, 259, 299, 341, 342, 343, 349, 352, 353,
358;
monuments inside of, 325.

_Herakleia_, the, at Marathon, 18, 20;
at Thebes and elsewhere, 19, 27.

Herakleides Ponticus, on the _krobylos_ hair-fashion, 52.

Herakleion, the, at Sparta, 319.

Herakles, as boxer, 169, 235;
of Crete, 10;
destroys statue of self at Elis, 178;
as father of athlete Theagenes, 35;
first to win pankration and wrestling on same day, 252;
as founder of Olympic games, 10, 93;
Herakles and Hermes, as protectors of contests, 75;
as inventor of pankration, 247;
at Marathon, 18;
in Odyssey, 8;
plants olive at Olympia, 20;
son of Zeus and Alkmena, 10;
in Sophokles’ _Trachiniae_, 318;
tripods in honor of, 19, 22;
as wrestler, 13, 93, 228.

Herakles, heads of: beardless, in British Museum, 96;
of boy athlete from Sparta so interpreted, 305;
boyish, in British Museum, 319;
bust from Genzano, 95;
bust from Herculaneum, 170;
colossal filleted, in Vatican, 95;
from Tegea pediment, 306-311;
marble, in Munich, 170;
Philandridas head so interpreted, 297;
showing swollen ears, 169;
with rolled fillets, 96.

Statues of: _Alexikakos_, by Hagelaïdas, 110;
colossal, by Lysippos, 253;
colossal, by Onatas, 122;
in group with Telephos, in Vatican, 70, 95;
in gymnasia and palæstræ, 94, 297;
kneeling, from East gable from Aegina, 195;
as knee-runner, bronze in Metropolitan Museum, 195;
Kyniskos, converted into type of, 74;
in Lakonia, 319;
in Palazzo Altemps, Rome, 243;
by Skopas, 306;
victor statues assimilated to, 354f.

Heralds, contests of, when introduced at Olympia, 283;
statues of, at Olympia, 283.

Herculaneum, bronze head from, in Naples, 63, 140.

Hercules, guild of athletes of, in Rome, 371.

_Hermaia_, the, games at Pheneus, 76.

Hermann, G., on Perinthos head, 180.

Hermas, base of statue of, at Olympia, 359.

Hermes, altar of, ἐναγώνιος, at Olympia, 76;
beaten by Apollo in running at Olympia, 285;
founder of wrestling, 76;
god of youth and sports, 75;
gymnasion of, at Athens, 76;
one of athletic gods, 75;
“presider over contests,” 36;
head, in Boston, 85;
bearded herma, by Alkamenes, 77;
bearded type, 335;
compared with Philandridas head, 293, 294;
hair-treatment of, 303;
on relief fragment from Athens, 270.

Statues: from Andros, 71f.;
in gymnasia and palæstræ, 94;
in Lansdowne House, 88, 241;
Logios or Agoraios, 80, 82, 84, 131;
Ludovisi, 84;
by Onatas, at Olympia, 122;
by Praxiteles, at Olympia, 72, 144;
victor statues assimilated to type of, 181, 354;
statuette of, in Boston, 108;
bronze, in British Museum, 88.

_Hermes-Diskobolos_, statue by Naukydes, 78.

Hermes Kriophoros, festival at Tanagra, 57.

Hermesianax, statue at Olympia, 30.

Hermione, stadion at, 96.

Hermitage, copy of head of boy athlete in, 157.

Hermogenes, victor at Olympia, 354.

Hermokrates, statue at Athens, 27.

Hermolykos, statue on Akropolis, 27, 372, 373.

Herodoros, trumpeter at Olympia, 283.

Herodotos, historian, on Hermolykos, pancratiast, 373;
style of, imitated by Pausanias, 61.

Herodotos, of Klazomenai, statue at Olympia, 30.

Herodotos, of Thebes, as his own charioteer, 266, 267.

Heroes, nine Greek, on curved base at Olympia, 122.

Heroizing, custom of, in sculpture, 71.

Herophilos, physician at Alexandria, 290.

Hertz, Miss, copy of head of _Nike_ by Paionios in collection of, Rome,
304.

Hesiod, wins tripod at Chalkis, 19;
dedicates tripod to muses on Helikon, 21, 22;
victor statue of, on Helikon, 284.

Hetoimokles, statue at Sparta, 106, 333, 337, 362.

Hiero, chariot-group at Olympia, 23, 122, 257, 264, 267, 278, 279;
Pythian victory of, 278;
tyrant of Syracuse, 362.

Hierothesion, the, at Messene, 19.

Hill, G. F., on _Apoxyomenos_ and Lysippos, 288, 289.

Hipparchos, tyrant of Athens, 173.

Hippodameia, 14, 259.

Hippodrome races, at Olympia, non-athletic, 257;
programme of, 259f.;
horses and colts distinguished in, 259.
See Chariot-race and Horse-race.

Hippodromes, common in Greece, 257f.;
at Constantinople, 253;
at Olympia, 258.

Hippokleides, 5.

Hippos, statue at Olympia, 120.

Hipposthenes, victor, temple dedicated to, at Sparta, 362.

Hirschfeld, G., on locations of victor statues in Altis, 340;
on omission of Olympiad 211 from Elean register, 369.

Hirt, A., on Pliny’s “iconic” (iconicus = εἰκονικός) statues, 54;
on Tux bronze, 207.

_Historia Naturalis_, of Pliny, 60, 321, and _passim_.

Hitzig-Bluemner, on exclusive use of bronze in Olympic victor statues,
321;
on statue of Milo, at Olympia, 107.

Holleaux, M., on “Apollo” torso from Mount Ptoion, 119, 120.

Home-coming of Olympic victors, 34, 35.

Homer, athletics in, 7f.;
does not mention Olympia, 16;
κελετίζειν in, 3, 261;
makes men and gods shriek, 57;
on painful character of boxing, 234;
warrior in, 8.

Homolle, Th., on appellation “Apollo,” 336;
on artistic influences in the _Agias_, 291, 301;
assigns the _Agias_ to Lysippos, 292, 311;
on expression of face of the _Agias_, 317;
on group of Daochos at Delphi, 286;
on resemblance between Philandridas head and that of the _Agias_,
294;
on small heads outside school of Lysippos, 294;
on differentiating statues of Herakles and victors, 94;
on swollen ears of athlete statues, 168.

Honor statues, at Olympia, 41, 42, 339f.

Honors, extraordinary, paid to victors, 32f., 71.

Hoplite-race (ὁπλίτης), 190f.;
belongs to mixed athletics, 203;
called ἀσπίς, 190, 204;
date of introduction at Olympia, 191;
as diaulos at Olympia and Athens, 203;
finish of, on a r.-f. kylix, 204;
in full armor at the _Eleutheria_, at Platæa, 203;
last in gymnic contests at Olympia and elsewhere, 203;
most complete representation of, on a r.-f. kylix in Berlin, 204;
preparations for, on a r.-f. kylix by Euphronios, 204;
racers in, turning central post, on r.-f. kylix in Berlin, 204;
round shields and Attic helmets used in, 204;
semi-comic character of, on vases, 205;
start of, on a r.-f. kylix in Berlin, 204;
weapons used in, 203.

Hoplitodromoi, attributes of, 161 f.;
so-called dying hoplite runner on grave-relief from Athens, 149, 209;
statues of, in motion, 203f.;
two heads from statues of, 46, 162f., 324;
paintings of, by Parrhasios, 206;
Tux bronze of, 206f.

Horarios, inscribed votive relief of, 75.

Horfuabra, statue from Dahshur, Egypt, 330.

Horse, crowned by Nike, on votive relief from Athens, 269;
imported into Crete from Libya, 1;
models of miniature horses at Olympia, 23.

Horse-race (ἵππος κέλης): common in Greece, 257f.;
horses and colts distinguished in, 259;
length of course at Olympia, 261;
monuments, illustrating, 280f.;
sport of the rich, 257;
when introduced at Olympia, 260;
race known as the _apobates_, at Olympia, 282f.

Horse-racers: bronze statuette of, from Dodona, 281;
bronze statuette of, in Loeb collection, 282;
bronze statuette of, from Volubilis, Morocco, 281;
dedications of, at Olympia, 23, 278f.;
on funerary relief, from Sicily, 281;
on galloping horse, on terra-cotta relief from Thera, 281;
mounted, on Athens relief, 281;
nude, on vases, 281;
small figures of, from Olympia, 24;
statue of, in Florence, 281;
two fragments of statues of, from Akropolis, 281;
victorious racer leading-horse, on Athenian relief, 281.

Human sacrifice, as origin of funerary games, 14.

Hunter, honor statue at Olympia, 42.

Hyblæans, the _Zeus_ of the, at Olympia, 344.

Hydriæ, from Caere (Cerveteri), 52;
bronze, as prize at the _Panathenaia_, 20.

Hylas, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, 196.

Hyperboreans, home of wild olive among, 20.

Hysmon, statue at Olympia, 120, 164.

Iapygians, King of the, 125.

Iconic and aniconic statues, 54f.

Ida, Mount, grotto of Zeus in, 235.

Idealism, in Greek art, 56, 71;
idealism and realism, 57.

Identification of athlete statues in Roman copies, 44.

_Idolino_, the, statue in Florence, 131, 139, 141f.;
as highest ideal of boyish beauty, 141;
interpretation of, 142f.

Ikkos, slain by Kleomedes, 35;
as teacher of gymnastics, 59.

Ildefonso group, in Madrid, 158.

Iliad, games of Patroklos in, 9.

Ilissos, river in Attica, 20;
relief from, 312.

Impressionism, in hair technique, by Greek artists, 53;
by Lysippos, 69.

Ince Blundell head of athlete, 167, note 4, 168, 180, 181.

Indians, the, of North America, funeral games among, 12.

Information, sources of, in reconstruction of Olympic victor statues,
43.

Inscriptions, earliest, using pankration for dates, 191;
on pillars, in honor of victors, 34;
on victor statue bases at Olympia, 43.

Iolaos, hurls stone diskos, 218.

Ionia, passes Egyptian influence to Greek sculptors, 332;
school of sculpture from, 114;
women of, witness games, 49.

Ionians, short hair with, 52.

Ionism, in Greek art, 115f., 126, 129, 175;
reaction against, 116, 126.

Iphitos, restores Olympic games, 15.

_Ismenian Apollo_, the, statue in Thebes, 304.

Ismenion, the, at Thebes, tripods in, 19.

Isokrates, statue on Akropolis, 24, 27, 281, 373.

Isthmian festival, athletes divided into three classes according to age
at, 189;
beast contests at, 25;
excavations on site of, 25;
famed in Roman days, 25;
funerary origin of, 9;
history and administration of, 17;
inferior to Olympia, 25;
later in honor of a god, 9;
in honor of Melikertes, 10;
most frequented, 25;
statue of victor at, in Athens, 27;
statues of victors at, on Isthmus, 26.

Italian Archæological Mission, 3.

Italy, funeral games, in ancient, 11.

Jahn, O., on symmetry, 66;
on the _Wounded Amazon_ of Capitoline, 157.

_Jason_, statue so-called, of Louvre, 86.

Javelin (ἀκόντιον), 164, 165;
as athletic attribute, 108, 164;
Greek names for, 223;
size of, 223;
on vase-paintings, 164, 223.

Javelin-throwers (ἀκοντισταί), 222f.;
two bronze statuettes of, 227, 228;
on Spartan relief, 223.

Javelin-throwing, 222f.;
athletic type of, 223;
for distance, 223;
from horseback, on vase-paintings, 223;
at games of Patroklos, 222;
origin of, mythical, 222;
positions in, 223f.;
positions, given by E. N. Gardiner, 223;
practical, in war and the chase, 223;
in sculpture, 224;
two types of, 222, 223.

Jockey, nude, on vase-paintings, 280;
in short-sleeved chiton, on b.-f. Panathenaic vase, 280.

Jones, H. Stuart, on Pliny’s _Perseus et pristae of Myron_, 188.

Joubin, A., on Delphi _Charioteer_, 278;
on Olympia gable sculptures, 114.

Juba II, King of Numidia, 166.

Juethner, J., on Greek origin of javelin-throwing, 222;
on shapes of jumping-weights, 214f.;
on _Standing Diskobolos_, 220;
on statue of boxer from Sorrento, 243.

Jumping, 214f.;
adapted to painter and not to sculptor, 217;
ancient records in, 216;
modern records in, with and without weights, 216;
modern record in, front spring-board, 216;
most difficult feature of pentathlon, 216;
most representative feature of pentathlon, 214;
in Odyssey, 9, 214;
as part of pentathlon, 214;
popularity of, 216;
spring-board not used in Greece in, 216;
various moments in, depicted on vases, 216, 217;
with weights, 216, 217.

Jumping-weights (ἁλτῆρες), 214f.;
as attribute of pentathletes, 164;
on bronze statue in Berlin, 164;
dedications of, 22;
forms of, 214f.;
club-like form, 215;
semispherical, 215;
forms of, divided by Philostratos, 215;
shown on vases, 215;
on mosaic in Lateran, 215;
not in Homer, 214;
on r.-f. kylix in Munich, 164;
on relief from Sparta, 164;
on Roman copies of Greek athlete statues, 215;
on statue of Hysmon, at Olympia, 164;
on statues in Dresden and Florence, 215;
stone, from Corinth and Olympia, 215;
on tree-trunk beside statue, 164;
use of, according to Aristotle and Philostratos, 216;
use of, in medical gymnastics, 21;
use of, according to vase-paintings, 216.

Justin, on chariot-groups at Delphi, 26.

Ka-aper, wood statue of, in Cairo, 330;
statue of “wife” of, so-called, in Cairo, 330.

Kabbadias, P., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera,
81.

Kabeirion, statuette from, 28.

Kalamis, sculptor, 36, 324;
Kalamis and _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ type, 89;
characterized, 90, 279;
chariot-groups by, 23;
criticism of, by Cicero, 60;
horse-groups by, 24, 279;
horses by, characterized by Pliny, 62;
jockeys on horseback by, 23;
Kalamis and nude charioteer from Esquiline, 276;
Kalamis and Onatas, 219, 264, 267, 268;
Kalamis and Praxiteles, 268;
as predecessor of Pheidias, 279;
statues at Olympia by, set up by the Akragantines, 130;
Kalamis as unrivalled sculptor of horses, 279.

Kalkmann, A., on _Herakles Alexikakos_ of Hagelaïdas, 110;
on kneeling figures from West gable of temple on Aegina, 195;
on proportions of face in Greek sculpture, 67.

Kallias, statue at Athens, 27, 182, 183, 365;
statue at Olympia, 45, 129, 251, 352, 365.

Kallikles, sculptor, 365.

Kallikrates, dates of victories of, at Olympia, 301;
statue at Olympia, 121, 298.

Kallimachos, on statues of Euthymos being struck by lightning, 364.

Kallippos, bribes opponents and is fined, 34.

Kallistratos, characterizes Skopas, 309.

Kalliteles, statue at Olympia, 265, 347.

Kallon, sculptor, 122, 125.

Kallon, victor, statue at Olympia, 121.

Kalydonian boar hunt, represented in Tegea pediment group, 307.

Kanachos, the Elder, sculptor, 24, 118, 120, 279, 324, 336;
_celetizontes pueri_, by, 120;
compared with Kallon, 122;
criticism of, by Cicero, 60.

Kanachos, the Younger, sculptor, 120.

Kantharos, sculptor, 122.

Kaphisias, sculptor, 368, 375.

Kapros, boxing-match with Kleitomachos, 247;
bronze foot from statue of, 255, 346;
first to win pankration and wrestling at Olympia on same day, 252;
Kapros and bronze boxer head from Olympia, 254;
two statues at Olympia, 29, 342, 354.

Karrhotos, charioteer, 267.

Kasia Mnasithea, statue base at Olympia, 360.

Kassel, statue of Apollo in, 360;
statue of boxer in, 46, 155;
head of _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos in, 153, 154.

Kastor, victor in foot-race at Olympia, 96;
as horse-racer, 96;
hurls stone diskos, 218.

Kebriones, 5.

Kekulé, on the _Idolino_, 141, 142;
on Olympia gable sculptures, 114;
on the _Spinario_, 201;
on the _Standing Diskobolos_, 76.

Kephisodotos, sculptor, 252.

Kerameikos, Athens, 11.

Keramopoullos, A. D., on the Delphi _Charioteer_, 278.

Kerykeion, symbol of Hermes, 71, 72, 78, 82, 88, etc.

Kettle, prize at early games, 20.

Kicking, allowed in pankration, 246, 247.

Kietz, on the _Standing Diskobolos_, 78.

Kimon, son of Miltiades, 18.

Kimon, son of Stesagoras, bronze mares of, at Athens, 27, 363.

Kirchhoff, A., on statue of Hermolykos on Akropolis, 373.

Kirghiz, the, of India, funeral games among, 12.

Kittos, boxing and wrestling scenes on Panathenaic amphora of, 248.

Kitylos and Dermys, grave-figures of, from Tanagra, 335.

Kladeos, the, river at Olympia, 299, 342, 357, 358.

Klazomenai, paintings from, 52;
reliefs from, 264, 268.

Klein, W., on the Boston _Charioteer_ (?), 275;
on the _Idolino_, 141;
on the _Jason_ of Louvre, 86;
on the _Oil-pourer_ of Munich, 134.

Kleito; see Polykleitos.

Kleitomachos, statue at Olympia, 353;
identified wrongly with the _Seated Boxer_ of Museo delle Terme,
Rome, 253;
story of, from Polybios, 147, 247.

Kleitor, son of Azan, 9.

Kleitor, relief from, 132.

Kleobis (?), statue of, from Delphi, 105.

Kleoitas, sculptor, 27.

Kleomedes, heroized at death, 35.

Kleomenes, sculptor, 85.

Kleon, sculptor, 69, 120, 121, 164;
leg position of statues by, 159.

Kleonai, 17.

Kleosthenes, King of Pisa, 15.

Kleosthenes, of Epidamnos, chariot-group of, at Olympia, 23, 266, 344,
345.

Knee-runners, on bronze tripod reliefs, 194;
on small bronze relief in Metropolitan Museum, 194;
on marble relief of dying hoplite runner, 194;
on small bronzes, 195;
on vases, 194;
statue of kneeling youth from Subiaco, 195.

Knights, Helbig on Greek, 282;
Homeric method of, fighting from chariot, 272, 282;
on Parthenon frieze, 281.

Knossos, bull-grappling at, 1, 2;
ivory statuettes from, 3;
paved inclosure at, 3;
reliefs from, 3, 4;
seal from, showing huge horse, 1;
theatral area at, 3;
toreadors on wall-paintings from, 1, 3.

Koblanos, sculptor, 242.

Kodias (Κῳδίας), jumping-weight of, 40.

Koehler, U., on the _Apoxyomenos_ of Vatican, 290.

Koerte, on name “Apollo” for early statues, 335.

_Korai_, statues of, on Akropolis, 53, 115.

Koroibos, victor in first recorded Olympiad, 15, 191.

Kostobokoi, barbarian invaders of Greece, 370, 371.

Kouroniotis, K., letter of, quoted 327.

Kranaos, or Granianos, statue near Sikyon, 370.

Krates, victor as herald at Olympia, 283.

Kratinos, statue at Olympia, 122;
set up by trainer of, 31.

Kratisthenes, chariot-group of, at Olympia, 179, 268.

Kresilas, sculptor, 36, 93;
the _Alkibiades_ of Vatican ascribed to, by Furtwaengler, 199;
_Doryphoros_ by, 145;
portrait of Perikles by, 56;
statue of the _Wounded Amazon_ by, 157.

Kresilæan athlete head, five copies of, 144, 145.

Kreugas, crowned after death, 247;
killed in boxing match, 236, 247;
statue at Argos, 236, 237.

Krison, statue ascribed to, by Furtwaengler, 200.

Kritios, sculptor, 115, 126, 173, 174;
criticism of, by Lucian, 60;
Kritios and Tux bronze 207.

Kritodamos, statue at Olympia, 120, 344, 352.

_Krobylos_, old Attic hair-fashion, 51, 52, 89, 128, 135, 270.

Krokon, dedicates small bronze horse at Olympia, 23, 279.

Kronos, altar of, at Olympia, 16;
wrestling match of, with Zeus, 14.

Krotonians, famed as pentathletes, 60.

Ktesibios, philosopher, on ball-playing, 84.

Kylon, conspiracy of, in Athens, 362;
statue on Akropolis, 106, 333, 337, 362.

Kylon, of Elis, honor statue at Olympia, 42.

Kyniska, bronze horses of, at Olympia, 265, 267;
chariot-group of, at Olympia, 23, 131, 267, 299, 342, 367;
first woman to enter and win chariot-race at Olympia, 267, 367;
shrine in honor of, at Sparta, 367.

Kyniskos, statue at Olympia, 74, 117, 239;
copies of (?), 156f., 159;
foot position on base of statue of, 239;
date of victory, 160.

Kynosarges, Attic amphora from Gymnasion of, 13.

Kypselos, chest of, at Olympia, 12, 13.

Kypselos, King of Arkadia, 57.

Kyrene, the _Dionysia_ at, 50;
head from, 89;
personified as charioteer in Delphi group, 277, 278;
statue found in baths of, 141.

Kyrnos, battle of, 373.

Ladas, of Sparta, fleetness of, 364;
grave of, 365;
stadion in honor of, 365;
statue in Argos, 364;
statue of, by Myron, 196f., 364;
compared with that of girl runner of Vatican, 197;
epigrams on statue of, 196, 197;
pose of, 197;
story of death of, 196.

Lakonia, statues of Herakles in, 319.

Laloux and Monceaux, on Philandridas head, 294.

Lamia, date of battle of, 301;
relief from, 132.

Lampos, chariot-group at Olympia, 268.

_Lancellotti_ (or _Massimi_) _Diskobolos_, 184 and note 2.

Lange, F. A., on Egyptian influence on early Greek culture, 332.

Lange, J., on law of “frontality,” 175, 328;
on Olympia gable sculptures, 114.

_Lansdowne Herakles_, statue, 81, 82;
ascribed to Myron, 181;
head of, compared with that of Philandridas, 298;
regarded as Lysippan, 298, 311;
regarded as Skopaic, 313.

_Laokoön_, the, group, Pliny’s praise of, 61;
as realistic work, 289;
of Lessing, 54, 187.

Las, statue of Herakles near, 319.

Lasso, boy throwing, wrongly identified with statue of kneeling youth
from Subiaco, 196.

Lateran, athlete mosaic in, 215;
boxers on relief in, 238.

Laurel, as prize at Delphi, 20, 21.

Laurentum, now Castel Porziano, 184.

Leaf, W., on chariot-race in the Iliad, 8.

Leaping-weights; see Jumping-weights.

Lechat, on bronze statue found in sea off Antikythera, 84;
on evolution of Greek sculpture, 329;
on the housing of stone statues, 325.

Leg, right lower, fragment of victor statue, 322;
leg holds in pankration, 247;
“free” and “rest” legs, as motives in sculpture, 109, 226.

Lekythion, athletic attribute, 84.

Lekythos, 137, 138.

_Lemnian Athena_, the, statue in Dresden, 53.

_Lemniskos_, 155, 156.

Leon, statue of, 366.

Leonidaion, the, (_Suedwestbau_), at Olympia, 339, 340, 346, 347, 348,
350, 353, 355, 356.

Leonidas, at Thermopylae, 51;
funeral games in honor of, 11.

Leonidas, of Naxos, statue at Olympia, 346, 347.

Leontiskos, painter, 29.

Leontiskos, of Sicily, statue at Olympia, 62, 179, 183, 249.

Lessing, characterization of _Diadoumenos_ and _Doryphoros_ by, 152;
on most fruitful moment to be chosen by artist, 178.
See _Laokoön_.

Libation-pourer, statue of, 143, 144.

Libation-pouring, 138f.

Libya, figure in Delphi group, 277;
oracle of, 31.

Lichas, statue at Olympia, 31, 342;
scourged by umpires, 33, 149.

Life, athlete, happy, 36.

Lifelike statues, 59.

Life-size statues at Olympia, 46.

Ligourió, bronze statuette from, 105, 111, 114.

_Limping Man_, the, statue at Syracuse, 182.

Lindos, temple of Athena at, 345.

Loeb collection, Munich, bronze group of wrestlers in, 232, 233;
bronze statuette in, 136;
bronze statuette of boy-rider in, 282;
three bronze tripods in, 194, 264.

Loeschke, G. L., on appellation “Apollo” for early statues, 335;
on statue of Kylon on Akropolis, 362 and note 7.

Loewy, E., on Delian _Diadoumenos_, 92;
on group of Kyniska, at Olympia, 267;
on style of statue of Pythokles, at Olympia, 213.

Loin-cloth, of athletes, 47;
absence of, on Cretan frescoes, 47;
worn by Asiatics, 48;
in Homer, 47;
on early vases, 47, 48;
dropped first by Orsippos of Megara, 47;
Plato on, 48;
used by boxers and wrestlers, 48.

Lokroi, Ozolian, colonization of the, 201.

Lokros, ancestor of the Ozolian Lokroi, 201.

Longpérier, H. A., on bronze statuette in Paris, 142.

Long race (δόλιχος), at Olympia, 190;
boys admitted to, at Delphi, 190;
men admitted to, at Olympia, 190.

Lucian, on apples as prizes at Delphi, 21, 107;
on art criticism, 60;
criticism of Hegias, Kritios, and Nesiotes, by, 175;
description of _Diskobolos_ by, 186, 187;
ideal statue of, 60;
on life-size victor statues, 45, 227;
on prohibition against biting and gouging in pankration, 246;
on statue of Pelichos, 56;
on statue of Theagenes on Thasos, 364.

Lucius Verus, coins of, 21.

_Luctator anhelans_, painting of, by Naukeros, 233.

_Lykaia_, the, statues at the games of, 26.

Lykaios, Mount, in Arkadia, hippodrome on, 258.

Lykidas, of Sparta, enters colts as full-grown horses at Olympia, 259.

Lykinos, of Elis, statue at Olympia, 343.

Lykinos, of Heraia, statue at Olympia, 121.

Lykinos, of Sparta, two statues at Olympia, 24, 29, 265, 266.

Lykios, sculptor, 134, 243.

Lykomedes, bases of two statues at Olympia, 358.

Lykourgos, of Sparta, 15, 51.

Lykourgos, rhetorician, 27.

Lyre-playing, at Delphi, 25.

Lyres, in Parthenon, 23.

Lysandros, statue at Olympia, 343.

Lysippos, of Elis, victor statue of, by Andreas, 118, 354.

Lysippos, sculptor, 36, 375;
as art reformer, 301;
borrows from other sculptors, 291;
canon of, 68, 69, 136, 288;
characteristics of, 311;
chariot-groups by, 23;
circle of, 131, 255;
as court sculptor of Alexander, 296, 318;
criticism of, by Pliny, 61;
date of, 300f.;
dates of Lysippos, Skopas, and Praxiteles, 301;
divergent style of, 253;
follows _Doryphoros_ and nature, 301;
improvements in hair technique by, 53, 296;
influence of, on realism, 56;
influenced by Skopas, 291, 301;
inscription on base of statue in Pharsalos by, 287;
_Lansdowne Herakles_ ascribed to, 313;
Lysippos and Skopas compared, 311f.;
Lysippos and type of weary Herakles, 253;
makes 1500 statues, 302;
Philandridas head at Olympia, by, 298;
portraiture after time of, 54;
poses of statues of, 44;
regarded exclusively as bronze founder, 302;
statue of Agias by, 286, 366;
statues of _destringentes se_, by, 136;
statues of, at Olympia, 121, 266;
surpasses earlier artists in symmetry, 66;
as worker in marble, 302f.

Lysistratos, sculptor, first to make plaster moulds from face, 56, 255,
304.

Macedon, coins of, showing racing chariots, 262;
kings of, 73;
princes of, as horse-racers, 357.

Mach, E. von, against oriental influence on Greek sculpture, 329;
on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 84;
on the _Charioteer_ (?) in Boston, 275, 276;
on original of _Farnese Herakles_, 253.

Madrid, copy of _Diadoumenos_ in, 153;
Ildefonso group in, 153.

Mæcenas, and victor privileges in Rome, 33.

Magna Græcia, cities of, honor victors, 35;
fond of hippodrome contests, 258.

Magnesia ad Sipylum, victor statue base from, 370.

Mahler, A., on copies of _Doryphoros_, 224;
on identifying statue of Ladas, 197;
on the _Idolino_, 141;
on resemblance between head of the _Agias_ and Philandridas, 294.

Maiden, figure of, in chariot-groups, 268.

Maltho, gymnasium in Elis, 370.

Manetho, Egyptian dynasties of, 330.

Mantua, statue of Apollo in, 111.

Marathon, battle of, 18, 209;
_Herakleia_, the, at, 18.

Marble, less expensive than bronze, 28;
some victor statues made of, at Olympia, 324.

Markianopolis, coin of, 87.

Markios, Gnaios, base of statue at Olympia, 359.

_Marsyas_, the, statue by Myron, 134, 183, 184.

Masks, dedication of, 22.

_Massimi Diskobolos_; see _Lancellotti Diskobolos_.

Materials of Olympic victor statues, 321f.

Matz and von Duhn, on so-called _Diomedes_, in Palazzo Valentini,
Rome, 207.

Mau, A., on the _Praying Boy_ of Berlin, 132.

Mausoleion, Halikarnassos, chariot frieze from, 271, 289;
chariot-group from, 264;
small chariot frieze from, 274, 275.

Mausolos, games in honor of, 11.

Maviglia, Ada, on _Diadoumenos_ of Delos, 93;
rejects the _Apoxyomenos_ and the _Agias_ as evidence of style
of Lysippos, 290.

Mayer, M., on athlete (?) statue from Olympieion, 143;
on Myron’s _pristae_, 188.

Medes, the, 11.

Mediterranean culture, 1;
gymnastic exercises in, 6;
origin of Greek athletics in, 7.

Megakles, victor at Olympia, 363.

Megara, colossal torso of “Apollo” from, 336.

Megara Hyblaia, Sicily, necropolis in, 337;
statue of Zeus of, at Olympia, 344.

Meleager, head of, on Praxitelian trunk in Medici Gardens, Rome, 313;
statue of, in Fogg Museum, Boston, 314;
statue of, in Vatican, 312;
statue of Kyniskos converted into, 74.

Melikertes, 10.

Melite, deme of, 110.

Melos, “Apollo” from, 100, 101, 103, 104.

Memorials, miscellaneous, of victors, 40, 41.

Memphis, motion statuettes from, 177;
art of, 330.

Mende, offering of people of, at Olympia, 164, 341.

Mendel, M., excavations of, at Tegea, 306;
on head of Herakles, from Tegea, 306, 307.

Menedemos, bases of two statues at Olympia, 358.

Menelaos, sculptor, 113.

Mengs, Raphael, painter, cast from collection of, showing swollen ears,
169;
on proportions, 68.

Messana, coins of, showing mule-car, 263.

Messene, coins of, 111;
hierothesion at, 19.

Messenians, of Naupaktos, 110.

Metageitnion, month of, 18.

Metellus Macedonicus, base of statue at Olympia, 348.

Metrobios, T. Phlabios (Flavius), base of statue at Iasos, 369.

Metrodoros, Aurelios, base of statue at Kyzikos, 371.

Michaelis, A., on _apobates_ chariot-race on Parthenon frieze, 272;
on base of statue of Epicharinos, on Akropolis, 372;
on use of ἐν δεξιᾷ and ἐν ἀριστερᾷ by Pausanias, 349;
on _Lansdowne Herakles_, 298, 313;
on Petworth ephebe statue, 133;
on the _Standing Diskobolos_, 76;
Michaelis, A., and Conze, A., on “Apollo” type as victor statues,
335.

Middle Kingdom, Egypt, dates of, 330 and note 6;
sculptures of, 330.

Mikon, of Athens, sculptor, 61, 62, 129.

Mikon, of Syracuse, sculptor, 375.

Mikythos, or Smikythos, group dedicated at Olympia by, 215, 351.

Milchhoefer, A., on painting by Eupompos, 160.

Miletos, coins of, 74, 118, 119, 336.

Military runner (δρομοκῆρυξ), 209.

Milo, statue at Olympia, 31, 106f., 130, 165, 337.

Miltiades, games in honor of, on Thracian Chersonesos, 11.

Miltiades, son of Kypselos, votive offering at Olympia, 264, 265.

Minoans, the, of Crete, 1;
influenced by Orient, 1;
love of sports among, 6.
See Crete.

Mnaseas, statue at Olympia, 161, 179, 181.

Mnesiboulos, statue in Elateia, 204, 371.

Monceaux; see Laloux and Monceaux.

Mopsos, boxing match with Admetos, 285.

Mosaic, athlete, in Lateran, Rome, 215.

Mosso, A., on _Boxer Vase_, 6;
on origin of Greek boxing-glove, 235;
on Vapheio cups, 4.

Motion statues, antiquity of, in Greece, 176f.;
in Assyro-Babylonian art, 177;
in Cretan art, 177;
in Egyptian art, 176, 177;
in Greece, not developed out of “Apollo” statue type, 177;
on early vases, 177;
victor statues in, 173f.;
victor statues in various contests, 188f.

Motives, general, of statues in motion, 188f.;
at rest, 130f.

Mounot, Étienne, sculptor, 185.

Mueller, K. O., on common features of victor statues, 44.

Mule-car, on Rhegian and Messanian coins, 263.

Mule-race (ἀπήνη); see Chariot-race with mules.

_Munich King_, statue so-called, 226.

Muscles, in Cretan art, 3, 4.

Muses, group of, by Hagelaïdas, Arostokles and Kanachos, 118.

Musical contests, dedications for, at Olympia and elsewhere, 283f.;
at Delphi, 25;
honor dedications for, at Olympia, 285;
monuments for, victor or votive in character, 284;
at Olympia, non-athletic, 283, 285, represented on imitation
Panathenaic vases, 284;
on reliefs, 284;
victors in, at Delphi, 284;
victor statues for musicians, on Helikon, 284.

Mussius, L., gravestone of, 72.

Mycenæ, 1, 7;
lack of athletic scenes at, 8;
no Egyptian influence on art of, 332.

Mykale, battle of, 373.

Myrina, terra-cotta statuettes from, 135.

Myron, sculptor, 183f., 324, 353, 375;
αὐτάρκεια of, 183;
criticism of, by Cicero, 60;
by Pliny, 180, 184;
dated by Pliny, 61;
love of movement of, 183;
Myron and _Hermes Ludovisi_, 85;
Myron and Pythagoras, difficulty of separating works of, 181, 245;
Myron and _Standing Diskobolos_, 76;
Olympic victor statues by, 129, 187f., 245, 333;
poses of victor statues by, 44;
pupil of Hagelaïdas, 110;
as realist, 188;
statue of Ladas by, 196f.;
surpasses Polykleitos in rhythm and symmetry, 66;
versatility of, 188;
victor statues at Delphi by, 26, 188.

Myron, tyrant of Sikyon, dedicates bronze chapel at Olympia, 41.

Mytilene, statue from, 92.

Narkissos, 158.

Narykidas, base of statue at Olympia, 342.

Natalis, L. Minikios (Minicius), equestrian monument at Olympia, 37.

_Natural History_, of Pliny; see _Historia Naturalis_.

Naturalism, in Greek Art, 44.

Naukratis, Egypt, 105, 329, 334.

Naukydes, sculptor, 76, 117, 120;
leg position of statues by, 159;
Naukydes and _Standing Diskobolos_, 76f.;
Naukydes and canon of Polykleitos, 69;
statue of Cheimon by, characterized by Pausanias, 62.

Naupaktos, 110.

Nausikaa, 83.

Naxos, “Apollo” from, 328, 334;
bronze statuette from, 74, 119;
statue of Nikandre from, 177.

Nelson, Philip, head in collection of, 157.

Nemea, athletes at, divided into three classes, by ages, 189;
athletic contests at, 25;
athletic interest of, secondary to that of Olympia, 25;
boy contests at, 25;
festival at, 1;
founded by Adrastos, 17;
held every two years, 17;
in honor of Opheltes or Archermoros, 10;
later in honor of a god, 9;
origin of, 9;
records of victors at, 21;
relief from, 132;
retired valley of, 25;
revived by Hadrian, 17;
statues of victors at, 26;
statues of victors at, in Athens, 27;
summarily treated by Pausanias, 24;
transferred to Argos, 17;
under Argive influence, 17;
the _Nemea_ of Thebes, 27.

Nemead, first dated, 17.

_Nemesis_, statue by Agorakritos at Rhamnous, 182.

Neolaïdas, statue at Olympia, 120.

Nepos, on first date of representing athlete statues in motion, 173.

Nero, coins of, 21;
uses force to win at the _Isthmia_, 34;
villa of, at Subiaco, 195;
wins chariot-races at Olympia, 257, 262, 369.

Nesiotes, sculptor, criticism of, by Lucian, 60.

Nestor, 8;
contests at Bouprasion, 9;
statue at Olympia, by Onatas, 122.

Net, on Vapheio cup, 5.

New Empire, Egypt, dates of, 331 and note 2;
sculptures of, 331.

Nida-Haddernheim, terra-cotta statuette from, 202.

Nikandre, statue of, 177.

Nikandros, statue at Olympia, 121.

Nikanor, fragment of base of statue at Olympia, 359.

Nikarchos, base of statue at Olympia, 356.

_Nike_, the, of Archermos, 177;
bronze figurine from Akropolis, 177;
as charioteer, 268;
on Ficoroni cista, 269;
on hand of statue of Olympian Zeus, at Olympia, 149;
on Nike balustrade from Akropolis, 86;
on relief in Madrid, 269;
on relief from Phaleron, 269;
on sarcophagus from Klazomenai, 268.
See also Paionios, the _Nike_ of.

Nikeratos, date of archonship of, 194.

Nikeus, casts stone diskos, 218.

Nikodamos, sculptor, 244.

Nikokles, victor monument at Akriai, 372.

Nikomachos, painter, 268;
_Victoria quadrigam in sublime rapiens_ by, 268.

Nineveh, reliefs from, 330.

Niobid, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, 195.

_Nordostgraben_, the, at Olympia, 358.

_Nordwestgraben_, the, at Olympia, 356.

North Greek-Thracian school of sculpture, 114.

Noses, bloody, on vase-paintings, 167.

_Novus Annus_ (?), nude statue found in Rhine identified as, 276.

Nudity, characteristic of archaic statues, 335;
as essential difference between Greek and foreigner, 48;
not observed by charioteers, 48;
of victor statues, 47f.

_Nudus talo incessens_, statue by Polykleitos, 158, 249, 250;
statuette from Autun showing the Polykleitan motive, 249, 250.

Numismatic commentary on Pausanias, 306.

Ny-Carlsberg Museum, Copenhagen, archaic head of youth in, 128;
two heads in, 180, 181; etc.

Nymphs, altar at Olympia, 351.

Odysseus, 8.

Oibotas, statue at Olympia, 30, 32, 333, 343, 351.

Oil, used in wrestling, 165.

Oil-flask, on r.-f. kylix in Munich, 164.

_Oil-pourer_, bronze statuette of, from South Italy, 135;
statue so-called, in Munich, 99, 133f., 137;
as Attic work, 137;
head in Boston, copy of original of, 134;
pose of, 158;
torso in Dresden as variant of, 134, 135.

Oil-pouring, on gems, reliefs and terra-cotta statuettes, 135.

Oil-scraping, as athletic motive, 135f.

Oinoanda, base of victor statue from, 371.

Oinomaos, chariot-race with Pelops, 14, 259;
column at Olympia, 323, 350, 351.

Olaidas, honor statue at Olympia, 42.

Old Kingdom, Egypt, dates of, 330 and note 3;
sculptures of, 330.

Olive, crown of, as prize at Olympia, 155f.;
of “Fair Crown,” at Olympia, 20, 351;
wild, 20.

Olympia, account of monuments at, by Pausanias, 24;
age of boy victors at, 189;
antiquity of, from excavations and religious history, 16;
athletes at, divided into two classes, by ages, 189;
boxer head from, 62;
celebrated every four years, 15;
controlled by Eleans alone after Persian wars, 15;
early controlled by Pisa, 15;
early overshadowed by Delphi and Delos, 14, 15;
founded before Dorian invasion, 14;
funeral origin of, 9;
German excavations at, 43;
history of, 14;
held in honor of a god, 9;
held in honor of Pelops, 10;
importance of, from seventh century B. C., 15;
later controlled by Pisa and Elis, 15;
prehistoric buildings at, 16, 349;
sacrifices at, to Pelops and Zeus, 11;
as sanctuary prior to advent of Achæans, 14;
style of head of athlete (Philandridas) from, 293f.;
style of gable statues from, 113, 114;
traditional history of, by Pausanias and Strabo, 15;
two figures from West gable of temple of Zeus from, 195;
victor statues in Altis at, 26; etc.

Olympia register, 15.

Olympiad, first dated, 15;
traditional first, 8;
the 8th, 34th, 104th, 211th, omitted from Elean register, 369.

Olympieion, statue from ruins of, 143.

Olympos, sculptor, 120.

_Omphalos_, from Athens, 89.

Onatas, sculptor, 122;
group of Opis at Delphi by, 125;
inscribed base from Akropolis, 24, 281;
Onatas and East gable statues from temple on Aegina, 125;
Onatas and Kalamis, 129, 264;
works of, at Olympia, 122, 267.

Onomastos, games of, at Cumae, 20.

Onomastos, of Smyrna, institutes boxing rules at Olympia, 235.

Opheltes, 10.

Opis, group of, at Delphi, by Onatas, 125.

_Opportunity_ (Καιρός), altar at Olympia, 76;
statue by Lysippos, 250.

Orchomenos, “Apollo” from, 100, 101, 103, 328, 334;
ceiling of treasury of, 329.

Orestes, as his own charioteer, 267.

Oriental influence on early Greek art, 328f.

Originals of victor statues at Olympia, 62f., 322.

Orpheus and Telete, victor group on Helikon, 284.

Orsippos, first athlete to drop the loin-cloth, 47.

_Osthalle_, the, at Olympia, 358.

Overbeck, J., on _Farnese Herakles_, 253;
on head of hoplitodromos from Olympia, 163;
on heads of Apollo, 275;
on Lysippos as exclusively a bronze founder, 302;
on Olympia sculptures, 114;
on Piombino statuette, 119;
_Schriftquellen_ of, 61;
on _Standing Diskobolos_, 76.

Oxylos, King of Dorian Eleans, 15.

_Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, the, 31;
order of contestants at Olympia in, 189.

Paianios, statue at Olympia, 234.

Paidotribes, or trainer of athletes, 229, 236, 248.

Paint, used on sculptures, 326.

Painting, competition in, at Delphi, 25.

Paintings, as victor monuments, 28.

Paionios, sculptor, 113;
the _Nike_ of, at Olympia, 326, 343, 344, 352, 360;
replica of, at Delphi, 304;
replica of head of, in Rome, 304.

Palæstra, absent in Homer, 7;
palæstra gymnast, statuette of, 108;
origin of name, 228;
statues of athletes in, 297;
statues of athletic gods in, 75, 94.

Palaistra, the, at Olympia, 347, 355, 356, 359, 360, etc.;
at Pompeii, 224.

Palatine, the, at Rome, 50;
fragment of leg of statue from, 89.

Palladion, carried off by Diomedes, 169.

Palm, the, as common measure in proportions, 68.

Palm-branch, on so-called _Apollo-on-the-Omphalos_ and _Apollo
Choiseul-Gouffier_, 161;
in hand of victorious jockey on coin of Philip II, 280;
on statue from Formiae, 161;
on statue of girl runner in Vatican, 161;
on stele from Dipylon, 161;
on unfinished statue of athlete in Athens, 160;
on vases, 161;
as victor attribute, 50, 160f.

Palm-wreath, common to many games, 21, 160.

Pammachos, statue at Thebes, 368.

Pamphilos, grave-relief of, in Vienna, 97.

Pan, _Doryphoros_ converted into, 74.

_Panathenaia_, the; see Panathenaic games.

Panathenaic amphoræ, runners on, 106, 194;
four-horse chariot on, from Sparta, 263;
Dyneiketos, victor, on, 280; etc.

Panathenaic games, Great, Athens, acrobatic feats at, 20;
contest of beauty at, 57;
dedication of victor in chariot-race at, 129;
held every fourth year, 18;
hydria as prize at, 20;
jars of oil as prizes at, 20;
money as prizes at, 33;
origin of, 17;
paintings dedicated by victors at, 29;
remodeled by Solon, 17;
statue of boy victor at, in Athens, 27.[s/b ;]
Little, annual Athenian festival, 18.

Pancratiasts, 246f.;
bronze statuette of, from Autun, 249;
cap of, 165f.;
ear of, as no criterion of athlete statues, 95;
group of, in Florence, 99, 233, 251f.;
head of, from Olympia, 254, 255;
in sculpture, 170, 248.

Pan-hellenic fame of victors at four national games, 33.

_Panionia_, the, festival at Mykale, 19.

Pankration (παγκράτιον), Artemidoros on, 247;
biting and gouging allowed at Sparta in, 246;
boys’ contest introduced at Olympia, 247;
boys’ contests outside Olympia, 247;
as combination of boxing and wrestling, 246;
contrasted with wrestling, 246;
as dangerous sport, 246;
eight Pindaric odes in honor of, 246;
etymology of word, 246;
“fairest” of contests, 246;
fight on ground, 248;
grips and throws shown on vases, 247;
introduced at Olympia, 247;
invented by Theseus or Herakles, 247;
not in Homer, 247;
not so brutal as popularly believed, 246;
often ended with preliminary sparring, 249;
often resulted in death, 247;
pankration and wrestling on same day, 93, 94;
popularity of, at Olympia, 247;
rules of, 246.

Panodoros, 371.

Pantares, statue at Olympia, 354.

Pantarkes, favorite of Pheidias, 150.

Pantarkes, victor statue at Olympia, 150, 151.

Pantheion, the, at Olympia, 21.

Pantias, sculptor, 268, 279.

Papyrus, containing wrestling instructions, 229.

Paris, statue by Euphranor, 83.

Parnon, Mount, statue of Herakles on, 319.

Paros, torso of ephebe from Akropolis, work of sculptor from, 127.

Parrhasios, painter, 29, 67, 206.

Parsley, not used as prize wreath at Nemea, 21.

Parthenon, frieze of the, 18, 53, 86, 151;
Athenian knights on, 281;
chariot scenes on, 271;
representing _apobates_ race, 272;
youth crowning self on, 158;
metopes of, 149.

Pasiteles, sculptor, 60, 112;
Pasiteles and _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89;
Pasiteles and _Spinario_, 201, 202.

Patrokles, sculptor, 117, 120, 131, 138, 141.

Patroklos, contests at funeral games of, 8;
funeral games of, in Iliad, 7f., 11, 51;
tripods in honor of, 19.

Pausanias, King of Sparta, flees from ephors, 367;
funeral games in honor of, at Sparta, 11.

Pausanias, the _Periegete_, on art, 61;
description of Greece by, 43;
description of victor statues in Altis by, 339;
on girl runners at the _Heraia_ at Olympia, 49, 50;
on honor and victor statues, 39;
mentions only part of victor statues in Altis, 324;
on origin of Olympic games, 15;
_periegesis_ of Altis by, 190;
on reason for Pythian air being played at pankration, 284, 285;
routes (ἔφοδοι) of, in Altis, 339, 341f., 348f.;
on similarity between Greek and Egyptian sculptures, 330;
on statue of Euthymos, at Olympia, 183;
use of words ἐν ἀριστερᾷ and ἐν δεξιᾷ by, 299;
on victor statues of poets and musicians on Helikon, 284;
on votive character of victor statues at Athens and Olympia, 38; etc.

Payne Knight bronze statuette, so-called, in British Museum, 108, 119.

Peace, temple of, in Rome, 366.

Pearl-string hair technique, 53.

Peisanos, M. Antonios Kallippos, statue at Olympia, 359.

Peisirhodos, victor at Olympia, 47, 49.

Peisistratidai, 128.

Peisistratos, tyrant, 363;
head of, so-called, 181.

Peisthetairos, in _Aves_ of Aristophanes, 206.

Pelias, funeral games of, 11;
on chest of Kypselos, 12;
tripods in honor of, 19.

Pelichos, statue of, 56.

Pelopion, the, at Olympia, 348, 349, 350, 357.

Peloponnesian sculptors, 109f., 114.

Pelops, chariot-race with Oinomaos, 14, 259;
contestants at Olympia sacrifice to, 11;
Olympian games in honor of, 10;
Peloponnesian boys lashed at altar of, 11;
statue of, in East gable, temple of Zeus at Olympia, 176;
worship of, at Olympia, preceded that of Zeus, 16.

Pensive expression, in portraits of Alexander, 296.

_Pentaëteris_, or four-year festival, 17.

Pentathletes, attributes of, 164, 165;
statues in motion, 210f.;
statues at rest, 164;
on vases, 164.

Pentathlon, the, accompanied by flute, 284;
all-round development from, 59, 211;
boys’, introduced at Olympia, 210;
events in, on r.-f. vases, 210;
five events of, 9, 210;
diskos throwing, 218f.;
javelin throwing, 222f.;
jumping, 214f.;
jumping most difficult part of, 216;
jumping-weights used in, 214;
men’s introduced at Olympia, 210;
not in Homer, 9, 210;
Pythian air played at, 285.

Pergamon, dying Gaul statues from, 255;
frieze of Great Altar at, 252;
small frieze from, 253.

Periandros, tyrant, gold statue vowed by, 266;
refounds Isthmian games, 17.

_Periboëtos_, statue of satyr known as the, 144.

Perikles, 52, 362;
portrait of, by Kresilas, 56, 199;
statue of slave of, 143.

Perinthos, head from, 179, 180, 181;
prototype of Riccardi and Ince Blundell heads, 181.

Peripatetics, criticism of Greek sculpture by the, 58.

_Perixyomenoi_, statues of, 136.

Perrot and Chipiez, on so-called dying hoplite relief, 209.

Perseus and head of Medusa, on engraved gem, 83;
Perseus and Danaë, in a chest, 188.

Persian Wars, 51;
sack of Akropolis during, 126.

Perugia, statuette of diver (?) from, 217.

Pesaro, the _Idolino_ found at, 141.

Petasos, as attribute of Hermes, 108, 207, note 1, etc.

Peter cista, the, in Vatican, 243.

Petersen, E., on Kyniskos’ statue, 159;
on Pythokles’ statue base, 212.

Petrograd, head of athlete in, 180; etc.

Petworth House, Sussex, Kresilæan head of athlete in, 145;
statue of ephebe in, 133.

Phaistos, theatral area at, 3.

Phanas, head ascribed to, 163;
statue at Olympia, 106, 355.

Pharsalos, home of Daochos, 286;
statue base of the _Agias_ at, 303.

Phaÿllos, record diskos-throw of, 216;
record jump of, 216;
statue at Delphi, 26.

Pheidias, 36, 110;
goddess types of, 53;
ideal tendency of, 152;
relation of, to _Diadoumenos Farnese_, 151;
relation of, to _Hermes Ludovisi_, 85;
statue of boy crowning himself at Olympia by, 150f.

Pheidippides, runner, 209.

Pheidolas, sons of, monument at Olympia, 23, 279.

Pheidon, king of Argos, 15.

Pheneus, games at, 76.

Pherenike, mother of Peisirhodos, 47, 49.

Phigalia, victor statue of Arrhachion in market-place of, 326.

Philandridas, date of victory of, 300;
head from statue of, at Olympia, by Lysippos, identified, 293f.;
head called youthful Herakles by some, 297;
compared with head of boy athlete from Sparta, 316f.;
crushed ear of, 168;
location of, in Altis, 300;
under life-size, 46.

_Philesian Apollo_, of elder Kanachos, 74, 107, 108, 118-120, 336 and
note 1;
“double” of, in Thebes, 304.

Philinos, statue at Olympia, 30, 55.

Philios, D., on dying hoplite relief, so-called, 209.

Philip II, king of Macedon, coin of, showing victorious jockey with
palm-branch, 280;
coins of, showing Athenian type of chariot, 263;
equestrian victor at Olympia, 257, 263.

Philippeion, the, at Olympia, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358.

Philippopolis, coin of, 78.

Philippos, of Kroton, Olympic victor, heroön of, at Egesta, 35, 57,
363.

Philippos, of Pellene, inscribed bronze plate from victor statue base
at Olympia, 244f.

Philistos, monument base at Olympia, 357.

Phillen, or Philys, statue at Olympia, 344.

Philon, statue at Olympia, 122.

Philonides, courier of Alexander, honor statue at Olympia, 42, 346, 356,
359.

Philonides, sculptor, 109, 266.

Philonikos, base of statue at Olympia, 358.

Philokrates, base of statue at Olympia, 368.