Chapter XXXVII: Book V: , Pausanias says he is proceeding north from the Council-house (14)

Philoktetes, in Sophokles’ drama, the _Philoctetes_, 59.

Philostratos, of Rhodes, adversary of Straton at Olympia, 34.

Philostratos, on athletes wearing coarse mantle, 47;
on Eleans allowing strangling in pankration, 246;
on jumping-weights, 215, 216;
on method of putting on boxing thongs, 236;
on omitted 211th Olympiad, 369;
on pankration as “fairest of contests,” 246;
on prohibition against biting and gouging in pankration, 246;
on reason for nudity of Olympic athletes, 47;
on Spartans allowing biting and gouging in pankration, 246;
on statue of Milo, 106, 337;
on style of long race, 194;
on reason for Pythian air being played at pentathlon, 285.

Philotimos, sculptor, 123, 264, 268, 279.

Philoumenos, inscription from base of statue of, 371.

Philys; see Phillen.

Phlegon, on olive crown, 20.

Phœnicians, the, transmit Assyrian and Egyptian designs to Greece, 330.

Phokis, confederacy of, sets up statue at Olympia, 30.

Phormis, offering at Olympia, 28, 62, 163, 264.

Phorystas, base of statue from Tanagra, 368.

Phradmon, sculptor, 117.

Phrikias, head ascribed to, 162, 163, 353;
statue at Olympia, 106.

Phrixos, on shield relief, 162.

Physical differences, in athletes, 59.

Piankhi, King of Aethiopia and invader of Egypt, 331.

Pictorial hair technique, 53.

Pinakotheke, the, at Athens, 29.

Pinax, of victresses at the _Heraia_, at Olympia, 49;
votive on Attic vase, 29;
πινάκιον, iconic, 182.

Pindar, on boxing and wrestling, 8;
on connection of Pelops with Olympia, 10;
on early value of bronze, 19;
on non-existence of the pentathlon in heroic days, 210;
ode on flutist Sakadas, 284;
scholia on, 26, 130, 190;
seventh Olympic ode of, 343;
sings praises of victors, 36;
sixth Pythian ode of, 267;
writes eight odes in praise of pankration, 246.

Pine, the, at the Isthmus, 21;
wreath of, at the Isthmus, 20;
at Nemea, 21.

Piombino, bronze statuette from, 118.

Pison, sculptor, 278.

Plane-tree Grove, Sparta, 319, 367.

Plastic hair technique, 53.

Platæa, the _Eleutheria_ at, 11.

Platæan _Zeus_, the, statue at Olympia, 344.

Plato, on boys’ stade-race, 191;
divides athletes into three classes, 189;
on Egyptian art, 60;
on happy life of victors, 36;
on length of stade-race for boys, 191;
on length of stade-race for ephebes, 191;
on loin-cloth, 48;
mentions σφαῖραι, 237;
on mythical origin of wrestling, 228;
omits pankration in his ideal state, 246;
protests against competition in athletics, 36;
on swollen ear of athletes, 167.

Plectra, in Parthenon, 23.

Pliny, on Alkamenes’ _Enkrinomenos_, 77;
on the _Apoxyomenos_ of Lysippos, 289;
on art, 60, 61;
on custom of setting up statues of victors at Olympia, 27, 324, 354;
on Euphranor’s canon, 69;
on Eutychides, sculptor, 121;
on Greek origin of equestrian monuments, 24;
_Historia Naturalis_ of, 43, 321;
on iconic statues, 54, 55;
on Kanachos’ statue of the _Philesian Apollo_, 118;
on Kanachos’ _celetizontes pueri_, 120;
on Kresilas’ portrait of Perikles, 56;
on Lysippos’ proportions, 46;
on Lysistratos making portraits from plaster moulds, 56;
on monotony in the art of Polykleitos, 152, 226;
on Myron, 184;
on nudity of athletes, 47;
on the _nudus talo incessens_ of Polykleitos, 249, 250;
on representing victors by paintings, 29;
on the sculptor Apellas, 267;
on the _Splanchnoptes_ of Styphax, 143;
on statue of pancratiast at Delphi by Pythagoras, 26;
on statue represented in prayer, 130;
on statue of victors by Myron at Delphi, 26;
on symmetry, 66; etc.

Plutarch, on Apollo as boxer, 88;
on art, 61;
on portraits of Alexander by Lysippos, 290, 328.

_Plutus_, the, of Aristophanes, quoted, 36.

Poetic competitions at Delphi, 25.

Poets, statues on Helikon, 284;
statues at Olympia, 285.

Polemon, on statue of Leon, 366;
on statue of Epicharinos, 372.

Polites, victor at Olympia, 354.

Pollux, describes game of σκαπέρδη, 236.

Pollux; see Polydeukes.

_Pollux_, the statue in Louvre, so-called, 180, 181, 188, 245.

Polybios, on Kleitomachos, boxer of Thebes, 147.

_Polychalchos_, surname of Spartan victor Polykles, 266.

Polydamas, relief from base of statue of, 303;
statue of, at Olympia, by Lysippos, 32, 45, 121, 298, 299;
statue of, cures fevers, 364.

Polydeukes, boxing-match with Amykos on Ficoroni cista, 269;
as famed boxer, 235;
wins boxing match at Olympia, 96, 235.

Polykleitos, the Elder, sculptor, 117, 118;
_Apoxyomenos_ of, 136;
called Kleito by Sokrates, in Xenophon’s _Memorabilia_, 59;
canon of, 68, 111, 136, 148, 288;
characteristics of, 152;
date of, by Pliny, 61;
_destringentesse_ of, 136, 288;
_Diadoumenos_ of, 152, 154;
_Doryphoros_ of, 211, 224f.;
as idealist, 188;
influence of, on Lysippos, 291;
influenced by Attic art, 152;
innovation of, in statue poses, 226;
monotony of, 152, 226;
poses of victor statues of, 44;
pupil of Hagelaïdas, 110;
pupils of, 139;
victor statues of, 36.

Polykleitos, the Younger, sculptor, statues of victors at Olympia by,
30, 117, 118.

Polykles, the Elder, sculptor, 129, 324.

Polykles, victor group at Olympia, 150, 266.

Polymedes, sculptor, 105.

Polypeithes, chariot-group at Olympia, 23, 265, 347.

Polyxenos, statue at Olympia, 359.

Polyzalos, brother of Gelo, 278.

Pomegranate, attribute of victor statues, 107, 165.

Pompeii, _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos found at, 70;
Palaistra at, 87.

Poros sculptures, 53, 128.

Porto d’Anzio, statue from, 135, 144.

Portraiture, Greek, 54, 55f.;
privilege of erecting portrait statues at Olympia, 57, 354;
privilege rarely given, 57;
realistic, 56, 57.

Poseidon, altar at Isthmus, 259;
god of contests, 75;
pine sacred to, 21;
sanctuary at Isthmus, 21;
statue from Melos, 73, 74;
surnamed ἵππιος, at Sparta, 362.

Poses, of victor statues, found on various sculptured and painted
works, 44;
general, of victor statues at rest, 130f.;
general, of victor statues in motion, 188f.

Poulsen, F., on the _Agias_, 291, note 2.

Prado, copy of _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos in the, Madrid, 153.

Praisos, seal from, 3.

Praxidamas, wood statue at Olympia, 106, 322, 326, 333, 337, 351.

Praxiteles, sculptor, 36, 80;
the _Agias_ of Lysippos influenced by, 291;
art of, rooted in fifth century B. C., 134;
as bronze worker, 303;
delicate male types of, 297;
hair technique of, 53;
head-type of, 77, 309;
Praxiteles and boy athlete head from Sparta, 305, 311;
Praxiteles and Kalamis, chariot-group by, 268;
Praxiteles and Philandridas head from Olympia, 293;
Praxiteles and Skopas differentiated, 311;
statue of a ψελιουμένη by, 131.

Prayer, as motive in votive monuments, 130;
position of hands in Greek, 132;
statue of youth represented in, from Carinthia, 131;
statue of youth represented in, Berlin, 131;
statuette of youth represented in, Metropolitan Museum, 132, 133.

_Praying Boy_, the, statue so-called, in Berlin, 131, 132.

Preuner, E., on inscription from statue base in Pharsalos, 286, 317,
318, 363.

_Pristae_, by Myron, 188.

Prizes, on chest of Kypselos, 13;
at contests of beauty, 57;
early athlete, 18f.;
at games of Azan, 9;
at games of Patroklos, 19.

Processional entrance, the, of the Altis, 347.

Processional way, the, of the Altis, 348, 349, 350.

Professionalism in athletics, at Olympia, 361;
protests against, 36, 37.

Profile, first example of Greek, 116.

Prokles, statue at Olympia, 345, 346.

Promachos, statues at Olympia and Pellene, 31, 304, 323, 325, 326, 367.

_Proportio_, in Greek art, 66.

Proportions, canons of, 65f.;
in Egyptian art, 67;
Fritsch on, of body, 67;
Kalkmann on, of face, 67.

Prose writers, statues at Olympia, 285.

Protogenes, athlete painted by, 29.

Protolaos, statue at Olympia, 179, 352.

Prytaneion, the, in Athens, victors eat at public expense at, 32;
the, in Olympia, 299, 342, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360.

Psammetichos, tyrant of Corinth, 17.

Pseudo-Andokides, 363.

Pseudo-Plutarch, on statue of Isokrates at Athens, 24 and note 11, 27
and note 4, 281, 373.

Ptoion, Mount, statues of “Apollo” from, 100, 101, 102, 103, 334;
tripods in temple of Apollo on, 19.

Ptolemy, Gymnasion at Athens, 166.

Ptolichos, sculptor, 61, 122.

Puchstein, O., on location of Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, 349.

Pummeling, allowed in pankration, 246.

Pyanepsion, month of, 18.

Pyrilampes, statue at Olympia, 343, 346, 353.

Pythagoras, sculptor, 138, 178f., 364, 375;
dated by Pliny, 61;
first to aim at rhythm and symmetry, 67, 179;
first to express sinews and veins, 138;
Pythagoras and _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89;
Pythagoras and Delphi _Charioteer_, 278;
Pythagoras and Myron, 181, 245;
Pythagoras and Tux bronze, 207;
statue of Delphic pancratiast by, 26, 178, 182;
statue of _mala ferens nudus_ by, 107;
style of, 179;
victor statues at Olympia, by, 36, 62, 161, 178f., 268.

Pytheos, see Pythis.

Pythes, honor statue at Olympia, 42.

_Pythia_, the, festival at Delphi, 16, 17;
as athletic meet, inferior to Nemea and Isthmia, 24, 25;
as festival, second to Olympia, 24;
in honor of the Python, 10;
statue of victor at, in Athens, 27.
See Delphi.

Pythian air, played at pentathlon, 88, 285.

_Pythian Apollo_, the, statue of, 330, 334.

Pythis, or Pytheos, architect, 264.

Python, the, at Delphi, 10, 25.

Pythokles, replicas of statues of, 212f.;
statue of, at Olympia, 93, 117, 159 and note 3, 211, 212, 343.

Pythokritos, flutist, honor statue at Olympia, 42, 285, 352.

Pythokritos, sculptor, 244.

Pyxis, from Knossos, 7.

_Quadrigae_, mentioned by Pliny, 264.
See Chariot-race.

Quatremère de Quincy, on _Borghese Warrior_, 208.

“Quiet grandeur” (_stille Grosse_) of Greek Art, 57.

Quintilian, on art, 61;
on the _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos, 70, 226;
on the _Diskobolos_ of Myron, 187.

Quintus Smyrnæus, on jumping among the Trojans, 214.

Quiver, on Torlonia copy of the _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type,
89.

Quoit; see Diskos.

_Ram-offerer_, statue by Naukydes, 78.

Rampin head, of Louvre, 126, 128, 176;
hair technique of, 53.

Ra-nefer, limestone statue in Cairo, 330.

Rayet, on _Borghese Warrior_, 208.

Rayet-Jacobsen head, so-called, in Copenhagen, 127, 128, 167, 337.

Realism in Greek art, 56, 57, 146f.;
in Greek portraiture, 56, 57.

Reconstruction of Olympic victor statues, 43f.

Reinach, S., on bronze statue of youth from Antikythera, 83;
on stone statues being placed under cover, 325.

Reinach, Th., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera,
81.

Reisch, E., on javelin-throwers in sculpture, 224;
on Pliny’s _puer tenens tabellam_ and _malaferens nudus_, 181;
on statue of Euthymos at Olympia, 183;
on votive character of Olympic victor statues, 39.

Reliefs, of akontistai, from Sparta, 223;
Amphiaraos, 273;
_apobates_ chariot race, 272;
Apollo, Artemis, and Leto, in Louvre, 284;
Aristion, 124, 127;
Boreas, in Metropolitan Museum, 194;
boxers, in Lateran, 238;
boy crowning self, 155;
boxer, on bronze shield, from Mount Ida, Crete, 235;
cap, in Rome, 166;
charioteer, from Akropolis, 128;
charioteer mounting chariot, 269;
chariots, from Crete, 262;
Dermys and Kitylos, from Tanagra, 335;
Dioskouroi, set up by Aischylos, 96, 97;
Dioskouroi, in London, 97;
from Dipylon, 156;
diskobolos, from Dipylon, 127;
dying hoplite, from Athens, 194, 209;
four-horse chariot, 268, 269;
funerary, from Tanagra, 72;
funerary, from Athens, 66;
from Halimous, 249;
Hermes, fragment from Athens, 270;
hoplite runners, from Tarentum, 96;
horse crowned by Nike, from Athens, 269;
horseman, from Athens, 281;
horse-racer, from Sicily, 281;
horse-racer from Thera, 281;
horse-racer leading horse, from Athens, 281;
jumping-weights, from Sparta, 164;
from Klazomenai, 264, 268;
from Kleitor, 132;
from Knossos, 3, 4;
from Lamia, 132;
from Loeb collection, Munich, 194;
from Nemea, 132;
palæstra victor, from Delphi, 138;
in honor of Pamphilos and Alexandros, in Verona, 97;
showing poses of victor statues, 44;
as victor monuments, 28;
war-chariots, from Mycenæ, 262.

Religion and Greek athletics, 14.

Remnants of victor statues at Olympia, 43.

Renaissance, the, 4;
bronze copies of _Spinario_ from period of, 202.

“Repose” of Greek art, 57.

“Rest” leg, motive in sculpture, 109.

Resting after contest, athletic motive, 144.

Rewards, money, of victors at Athens, 32.

Rhamnous, the _Nemesis_ of Agorakritos at, 182.

Rhegion, Anaxilas, tyrant of, 278;
coins of, showing mule-car, 263.

_Rhetoric_, the, of Aristotle, 58;
inscribed base of Olympic victor mentioned in, 367.

Rhexibios, wood statue at Olympia, 106, 332, 326, 337, 351;
wrongly called oldest at Olympia by Pausanias, 333.

Rhodes, scene of fighting combatants, in art of, 178;
tripods in honor of Dionysos at, 19;
_Zan_ at Olympia, set up by, 34.

Rhoikos, bronze founder, date of, 321;
family of, 330.
See also Telekles and Theodoros.

Rhouphos, Klaudios (Rufus, Claudius), statue in Rome, 371.

Rhythm, definition of, 66;
in Greek Art, 66.

Riccardi head, 169, 180, 181, 183.

Richardson, R. B., on bronze head from Akropolis, 114;
on _Farnese Herakles_, 253, 254.

Richter, G., on statuette of diskobolos in Metropolitan Museum, 220 and
note 5.

Ridder, A. de, on Tux bronze, 207;
on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, 221, 222.

Robert, C., on _Diadoumenos_ of Pheidias, 150f.;
on date of victor Kyniskos, 160.

Robinson, D. M., 267.

Robinson, E., on _Charioteer_ (?), in Boston, 275;
on head of Hermes, in Boston, 85; etc.

Roehl, H., on inscription referred to statue of Milo, 38.

Roman copies of victor statues, on, 44;
no copy proved to be of victor statue, 160;
on Roman patrons of art, 44.

Ross, L., on inscribed base from statue of Epicharinos, 372.

Rothschild, E. de, bronze copy of _Spinario_, in Paris collection of,
202.

Rouse, W. D., on votive character of victor statues at Olympia, 39, 40.

Routes, of Pausanias in the Altis; see _Ephodoi_.

Runners, difference in style of various, shown by vase-paintings, 193,
194;
on Panathenaic amphoræ, 106, 194;
represented as running with bent knee, 194;
statues of boy, 200f.;
statues of, from Velletri, in Rome, 198, 199;
statues of, without special attributes, 170.

Running race (δρόμος), various kinds of, 190f.;
in mythology, 190;
number of victors in, named by Pausanias, 193;
origin of, at Eleusis, 190;
part of all Greek games and exercises, 190.
See Double foot-race, Hoplite-race, Long race, Stade-race.

Sabouroff collection, head from, 128.

Sacred war, the, 17.

Sakadas, flutist, statue of, 284.

Salamis, Aeginetans at battle of, 125;
date of battle of, 125.

Salis, A. von, on statue from Olympieion, 143.

Salutation, attitude of, to a divinity, in statuette in Metropolitan
Museum, 133.

_Sandal-binder_, statue of, so-called, with copies, 86, 87, 202, 203.

Sandal-binding, motive of, originates with Lysippos, 86.

Sandals, worn by charioteers, 48.

Santa Marinella, statue from, in Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass., 314.

Sarapion, flees adversary and is fined, 34;
two statues in Elis, 370.

_Satrap Sarcophagus_, so-called, in Constantinople, 276.

_Satyr_, of Praxiteles, called _Periboëtos_, 144;
statue of, in Dresden, 144.

Sawyers (?) (_pristae_), group by Myron, 188.

Scarab, chalcedony, in British Museum, 138.

Schaefer, A., on statue of Kylon on Akropolis, 362.

Scherer, Chr., on exclusive use of bronze in Olympic victor statues,
321;
on “iconic” statues of Pliny, 54;
on Milo’s statue at Olympia, 107;
on positions of victor statues at Olympia, 340.

Scheria, games on, 210.

Schnaase, on _Farnese Herakles_, 253.

Schober, A., on Perinthos and allied heads, 181.

Schoell, R., on votive character of victor monuments, 39.

Scholiasts, statements of, on victor statues at Olympia, 43.

Schrader, H., on Attic relief from the Akropolis, 271.

Schreiber, T., on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90.

Schwabe, L., on Tux bronze, 207.

Sciarra bronze, statuette so-called, in Rome, 119.

Scraper; see Strigil.

Sculptors, of Olympic victor statues, 36;
statistics of, 375.

_Sculptura_, definition of, from Pliny, 302.

Sculpture, Greek, after Persian Wars, 278;
ancient criticism of, 58f.;
evolution of, on traditional lines, 67;
knowledge of, necessary in reconstructing Olympic victor statues, 44.

Sea-monsters (?) (_pristes_), group by Myron, 188.

Seasons, altar at Olympia, 351.

_Seated Boxer_, statue of the, in Museo delle Terme, Rome, 145f., 168;
realism of, 57, 254.

See-saw (?) (_pristae_?), group by Myron, 188.

Seleados, base of statue at Olympia, 346.

Seleukos I, date of founding Antioch by, 121.

Selinos, coins of, showing celery wreath, 21;
temple E at, 114.

Sellers, Eugénie; see Strong, Mrs. Eugénie.

Selling out, examples at Olympia, 33.

Seraglio, Old, manuscript from the, 258.

Serambos, sculptor, 123.

Shadow-fighting; see Sparring.

_Sheik-el-Beled_, the; see Ka-aper, statue of.

Shield, as attribute of hoplitodromoi, 161;
as prize at Argive _Heraia_, 21;
25 bronze ones kept in temple of Zeus for Olympic hoplite runners,
22.

Siamese, funeral games among, 12.

Sicily, cities of, honor victors, 35;
coins of, showing racing chariots, 262, 263;
Greeks of, fond of hippodrome contests, 258;
princes of, as victors at Olympia, 357;
school of sculpture of, 114.

Sidon, _Alexander Sarcophagus_ from, in Constantinople, 275;
_Satrap Sarcophagus_ from, in Constantinople, 276.

Sikyon, athletic school of sculptors from, 58, 118f.

Sikyonians, treasury of, at Olympia, 41, 265.

Silanion, sculptor, 129.

Silver bowl, as prize at games of Patroklos, 19;
silver cups, as prizes at Sikyonian Pythian games, 20.

Simon, sculptor, 264, 268.

Simonides, of Keos, 36, 47, 210.

Singing, competition in, at Delphi, 25.

Single-combat, between Ajax and Diomedes, in Iliad, 8.

Six, J., on _Borghese Warrior_, 208;
on statue of Hermolykos on Akropolis, 373.

Size of victor statues, 45f.

_Skenoma_ (Σκήνωμα), the, at Sparta, 367.

Skopas, sculptor, 36;
characteristics of, 311;
head in style of, in Capitoline Museum, Rome, 169;
head-type of, 77;
influence on the _Agias_, 291;
intense expression of, 307;
Kallistratos on, 309;
knowledge of, recently augmented, 286;
as master of expression of passion, 309;
Philandridas head wrongly ascribed to, 293;
Skopas and boy athlete head from Sparta, 305;
Skopas and Lysippos compared, 311f., 315;
style of, from Tegea heads, 306.

Skripou, convent of, 334.

Skyllis, sculptor, 122, 334.
See also Dipoinos.

Skyros, 18.

Slings for diskoi, on r.-f. vase, 164.

Smikythos; see Mikythos.

Smile, in archaic sculpture, 100, 126.

Smith, A. H., on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89, 90;
on athlete statue from Palazzo Farnese, Rome, in British Museum, 293.

Snail-volute, hair technique, 53.

_Snatcher_, the, from East gable, temple of Aegina, 125.

Sodamas, statue at Olympia, 354.

Sogliano, A., on boxer statue from Sorrento, 243.

Sokrates, philosopher, condemns “mimetic” arts, 58;
on physical development of runners and boxers, 59;
visit of, to sculptor Kleito, 59.

Sokrates, victor; see Sosikrates.

Solon, assigns money prizes to Olympic and Isthmian victors, 25, 32.

_Solos_, throwing of, in Iliad, 8;
as type of diskos, 218.

Somzée Collection, athlete from the, 176, 251.

Songs, in honor of victors, 34.

Sophios, statue at Olympia, 299, 342.

Sophokles, _Trachiniae_ of, 318.

Sorrento, statue of boxer from, by Koblanos, 242.

Sosikrates (or Sokrates), victor statue of, at Olympia, 200, 344.

Sostratos, dates of Olympic victories of, 300;
inscribed base from statue, at Delphi, 249;
statue at Olympia, 55;
surnamed ἀκροχερσίτης, 248, 249.

Sotades, Olympic victor, bribed and exiled, 33.

Southeast Building, the, at Olympia, 344.

Sparring, preliminary, called ἀκροχερισμός in boxing and pankration,
248 and note 4;
depicted on Ficoroni cista in Rome, 243;
depicted on Peter cista in Rome, 243;
as motive of boxer statues, 243;
as motive of statuette of boxer in Vatican, 243;
as motive of marble torso in Berlin, 243;
preliminary in pankration, 248;
called σκιαμαχεῖν (to shadow-fight), in boxing, 122, 243 and note 4.

Sparta, Akropolis, of, 305;
_Dionysia_ at, 50;
Δρόμος at, 309;
funeral games at, in honor of Leonidas and Pausanias, 11;
head of statue of boy from, 305f.;
Σκήνωμα at, 367.

Spartans, allow biting and gouging in pankration, 246;
ball-playing among, 84;
as boxers, 167;
boxing of, in Plato, 167;
excluded from Olympia on certain Olympiads, 31;
girls contest with boys, 49;
physical exercise among, 1;
sacrifice to Apollo the Runner, 88;
youths dedicate offerings to Eros in contest of beauty, 57.

Spear, casting of, at games of Patroklos, 8.

Sphairians (σφαιρεῖς), title of Spartan youths, 84, 319.

_Spinario_, the, statue in Rome, 201f.;
as example of asymmetry, 70;
imitations of original of, 202.

_Splanchnoptes_, statue of, by Styphax, 143.

Sponges, shown on r.-f. kylix, 164.

Spring-board, not used in Greek jumping, 216.

Stackelberg, O. von, traveling journal of, 286, 366.

Stade-race (δρόμος, στάδιον), 190f.;
first event at Olympia and at the _Panathenaia_, 191;
for boys, introduced at Olympia, 191;
the oldest (?) event at Olympia, 191;
victor in, eponymus at Olympia, 37;
wrongly regarded as chief event at Olympia, 191.

Stadia, absent in Homer, 7.

Stadion, the, at Olympia, 258, 359, 360.

Staïs, V., on _Hermes of Andros_, 71;
on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, 221, 222.

Stamnos, r.-f., from Etruria, in Vienna, 132.

Standard of physical development uniform in fifth century B. C., 147f.

_Standing Diskobolos_, the statue in Vatican, 76f.;
pose of, 219, 220;
replica of, 77.

_Standing Hermes_, the, statue in Vatican, 72.

“_Stand-motif_,” Polykleitan, 82.

“Starters of the race,” epithets of Kastor and Polydeukes at Sparta, 96.

Stassoff, on supposed Oriental origin of javelin-throwing, 222.

Statuettes, of ivory acrobats, from Knossos, 3;
akontistai, two bronze, 227, 228;
Apollo, from Naxos, in Berlin, 74, 119;
Apollo (Payne Knight), in British Museum, 108, 119;
Apollo, from Piombino, in Louvre, 118;
Apollo, from Palazzo Sciarra, Rome, 119;
apoxyomenos, in Loeb collection, Munich, 136;
athlete, archaic, from Delphi, 28;
athlete, from Ligourió, 105, 111, 114;
athlete, in Louvre, 213, 214;
boxer, from Akropolis, 28;
boxer, from Corfu, in British Museum, 96;
boxer, from Olympia, 28, 244;
boxer, in Vatican Museum, 243;
diadoumenos, terra cotta from Smyrna, in London, 154;
diadoumenos, from Akropolis, 155;
diskoboloi, 28, 218f.;
diskoboloi, two bronze, from Akropolis, 222;
diskoboloi, group in Loeb collection, Munich 232, 233;
diskobolos, in Berlin, 221;
diskobolos, in British Museum, 221;
diskobolos, from cover of lebes, in British Museum, 221;
diskobolos, from the Kabeirion, 28;
diskobolos, in Metropolitan Museum, 220, 221;
girl runner, from Dodona, 28;
girl extracting thorn, terra cotta from Nida-Haddernheim, 202;
Herakles or victor, in Berlin, 96;
Herakles, or victors, in British Museum, 96;
_Hermes Diskobolos_, from sea off Antikythera, 78, 79;
hoplitodrome, from Capua, in Vienna, 207;
hoplitodrome, Tux bronze, in Tuebingen, 28;
horse-racer, from Dodona, 28, 281;
horse-racer, in Loeb collection, Munich, 282;
horse-racer, from Volubilis, 281;
horse-racers, from Olympia, 24;
oil-pourer, from S. Italy, in British Museum, 135;
oil-pourers, terra cottas from Myrina, 135;
pancratiast, from Autun, in Louvre, 249f.;
praying boys, two bronze, in Metropolitan Museum, 132, 133;
sacrificer, from Dodona, 143;
trumpeter, from Sparta, 283;
warrior, from Dodona, 126;
wrestlers, group from Akropolis, 28;
wrestlers, group in Loeb Collection, Munich, 232;
statuettes in motion, from Egyptian art, 177;
in Paris and Rome, showing motive of statue of Xenokles, 138, 139.

Stelæ, in honor of victors, 40.

Stephanos, sculptor, statue by, 111f.

“Stolid” group of so-called “Apollo” statues, 100.

Stomach throw, in pankration, 247.

Stomios, famous pentathlete, 59;
statue of, at Olympia, 42.

Stone, used in Olympic victor statues, 323f.

Strabo, on origin of Olympic games, 15.

_Strangford Apollo_, the, statue in British Museum, 102, 103, 123, 244.

Strangling, allowed in pankration, 246, 247.

Straton, Olympic victor, 34, 93.

Strigil, or scraper (στλεγγίς), used by athletes as a common palæstra
attribute, 135, 138, 288.

Stroganoff, statuette formerly in Collection, 166.

Strong, Mrs. Eugénie (_née_ Sellers), on Apollo head, in British
Museum, 92;
on Beneventum head, in Louvre, 63.

Studniczka, F., on the gable statues from Olympia, 114;
on the _Idolino_, 141;
on statues of Theagenes, 364.

Styphax (or Styppax), sculptor, 143.

Subiaco, statue of kneeling youth from, 195;
date and interpretation of, 195, 196.

Succession, contests of, as explanation of funerary games, 14.

_Suedwestbau_; see Leonidaion.

Svoronos, J. N., on bronze arm found in sea off Antikythera, 236;
on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 83;
on bronze statuette found in sea off Antikythera, 79;
on Delphi _Charioteer_, 277;
on dying hoplite relief, from Athens, 209;
on the _Idolino_, 142.

Swollen ear, as attribute of victor statues, 167f.;
not a determining distinction between heads of athletes and Herakles,
297, 319, 320;
on various heads of athletes, gods, and heroes, 168f.

Symmachos, statue at Olympia, 120, 342.

Symmetry, in Greek art, 65, 66;
Pliny and Vitruvius on, 66.

_Symplegma_, group representing a, by Kephisodotos, 252.

_Symposium_, of Xenophon, 59.

Syracuse, coins of, representing Nike with tablet, 182;
funeral games at, in honor of Timoleon, 11;
Hiero and Gelo, kings of, 257.

_Tainia_, or fillet, as victor attribute, 148f.

Tanagra, ephebe chosen at, for his beauty, 57;
grave-stele from, 72.

Tarentum (Taras), captured by Q. Fabius Maximus, 253;
coins of, showing _apobates_ horse-racers, 282.

Tarsos, athlete head from, 168.

Tegea, excavations at temple of Athena at, 306;
heads from gable of temple at, 306;
heads from, compared with small frieze from Mausoleion, 275;
heads from, compared with boy athlete head from Sparta, 305;
torso of the _Amazon_ from, 306.

Teisikrates, chariot victor, at Delphi, 268.

Teisikrates, pancratiast, inscribed base of statue of, from Delphi, 249.

Teisikrates, Theban sculptor, 368.

Tektaios, sculptor, 122, 304, 334, 335.
See also Angelion.

Telekles, sculptor, 330, 334.
See also Rhoikos and Theodoros.

Telemachos, base of statue at Olympia, 346, 348, 355;
statue at Olympia, 109, 266, 339, 345;
zone of, at Olympia, 345, 346.

Telephos, battle with Achilles, in Tegea pediment, 306;
in group, on small frieze from Pergamon, 253;
in group, in Vatican, 95.

Telesikrates, hoplite victor, statue at Delphi, 26, 162.

Tellon, base of statue at Olympia, 240, 345;
statue at Olympia, 31, 352.

Temessa, Black Spirit of, 35.

Tempe, vale of, as home of laurel, 21.

Temple, spoken of as _pro persona_, 299.

Tenea, “Apollo” of, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 127, 327, 336;
“Apollo” of, as runner, 148;
necropolis of, 337.

Tenerani, sculptor, 288.

Tepemankh, wood statue in Cairo, 330.

Terrace wall, South, at Olympia, 346, 348, 357, 358.

Tetradrachm, silver, in honor of Olympic victory of Philip II, 280.

Thaliarchos, base of statue of, 358;
oldest prose inscription making an Olympic victor statue votive, 39.

Thamyris, victor statue on Helikon, 284.

_Thargelia_, the, statue of boy victor at, 27.

Thasos, statue of Theagenes on, 364;
temple of Apollo at Alki on, 336.

Theagenes, Olympic victor, boxing match with Euthymos, 247;
heroized after death, 35;
statue at Olympia, 122, 244, 364;
story of statue on Thasos, 364;
too wearied by boxing to enter pankration, 247;
wrestling match with Aethiopian, 252.

Theekoleon, the, at Olympia, 353, 355, 357.

Theochrestos, chariot dedicated at Olympia, 265.

Theodoros, bronze founder, 321, 330, 334.
See also Rhoikos and Telekles.

Theodosius, Roman emperor, abolishes Olympic games, 15.

Theognetos, statue at Olympia, 61, 165, 352.

Theopompos, statue at Olympia, 161.

Theopropos, base of statue at Olympia, 360.

Theoros, painter, 29, 133.

Theotimos, statue at Olympia, 121.

Thera, “Apollo” of, 100, 101, 103, 104, 327, 337.

Thermæ, the, of M. Agrippa, Rome, 289.

Thermopylæ, battle of, 51.

Thersias, first victor in mule-race at Olympia, 261.

Thersilochos, statue at Olympia, 117.

Thersonides, base of statue from Olympia, 356.

_Theseia_, the, 18;
boys at, divided into three classes, 189.

Theseus, 18;
contest of, on Delos, in honor of Apollo, 160;
as inventor of boxing, 235;
as inventor of pankration, 247;
statues of, in gymnasia and palæstræ, 94;
Theseus and Kerkyon, on metope of Theseion, 232.

Thessalonika, funeral games at, 11.

Thessaly, bull-grappling sport in, 5.

Thong (ἀγκύλη, _amentum_), of javelin, 223.

_Thorn-puller_; see _Spinario_.

Thorwaldsen, sculptor, restores Aegina gable statues, 123.

Thracian Chersonesos, games on, 11.

Thrasyboulos, drives father’s car at Delphi, 267.

Thrasymachos (or Thrasymedes), base of statue at Olympia, 358.

Threatening look of victor statues, 59.

Thukydides, on Diitrephes, 373;
on _krobylos_ hair-fashion, 52;
on loin-cloth of athletes, 48;
on refuge of King Pausanias, 367;
uses pancratiasts for dating, 191.

Tiberius, Roman emperor, base of statue at Olympia, 357, 358;
chariot victor at Olympia, 261;
enamored of the _Apoxyomenos_ of Lysippos, 289.

Tilting, hold in pankration, 247.

Timainetos, painter, 29.

Timaios, first victor in trumpeting at Olympia, 283.

Timaios, historian, 284.

Timarchides, sculptor, 129, 324.

Timasitheos, statue at Olympia, 111, 355.

Timokles, sculptor, 129.

Timoleon, funeral games in honor of, at Syracuse, 11.

Timon, chariot victor, statue in equestrian group, 120, 266, 268, 279.

Timon, pentathlete, statue at Olympia, 109, 354.

Timoptolis, honor statue at Olympia, 42.

Timosthenes, statue at Olympia, 121, 342.

Tiryns, fresco from, 2, 3;
lack of athletic scenes at, 8.

Titus, baths at Rome, 371.

Toalios, Aurelios, base of victor statue at Oinoanda, 371.

Torches, dedications of, 22.

Toreadors, paintings of, male and female, at Knossos, 1, 3.

Torlonia, Palazzo, Rome, copy of _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type
in, 89;
head of _Ares_ in, 170.

_Trachiniae_, of Sophokles, 318.

Trainers at Olympia, nude, 49.

Treasuries, the, at Olympia, 351.

Treu, G., on colossal Apollo from Olympia, 92;
on copy of _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos, at Olympia, 227;
on gable statues from temple of Zeus, Olympia, 114;
on head of hoplite runner from Olympia, 163;
identifies Leonidaion, at Olympia, 348;
on Philandridas head, 293, 294;
on use of marble in Olympic victor statues, 324, 326.

_Triopia_, the, at Mykale, 19.

Triphylia, 15.

Tripods, as early prizes, 19;
found at Olympia and elsewhere, 22;
in honor of various gods and heroes, 19;
reliefs on bronze, in Loeb collection, Munich, 194.

Tripping, in wrestling, 229;
shown by five bronze groups, 233.

Triptolemos (?), statue of Kyniskos converted into, 74.

Troilos, dates of victories at Olympia, 300, 301;
statue at Olympia, 29, 121, 266, 298;
tablet from base of statue of, 299, 342.

Trotting-race with mares (κάλπη), introduced at Olympia, 261;
why introduced, 282.

Trumpeters, on Attic vases, 284;
bronze statuette of, from Sparta, 283;
contests of, introduced at Olympia, 283;
statues at Olympia, 283.

Tuebingen bronze; see Tux bronze.

Tui, wood statue of, in Louvre, 331.

Tumblers, among Athenians, 5;
among Trojans, 5;
on shield of Achilles, 5.

Turin, head of athlete in, 87;
marble head of Apollo in, 93;
Roman grave-stone from, 72.

Tux bronze, statuette of hoplitodromos (?), in University Museum,
Tuebingen, 28, 123, 164, 206, 207.

_Tyche_, statue by Eutychides, at Antioch, 121.

Types, various, of Olympic victor statues, 44, 99f., 173f.; etc.

_Tyrannicides_, the, group by Kritios and Nesiotes, 60, 148, 173f.;
break with law of “frontality,” 175;
as first examples of honor statues, 41;
group of, returned from Susa by Alexander, 173;
reconstruction of, from reliefs, vase-paintings, etc., 174;
represented on oinochoe in Boston, 175;
sculptors of, 173f., 372;
_Tyrannicides_ and _Diskobolos_ compared, 183.

Umpires, at Olympia, 149.
See also Hellanodikai.

Uncritical judgments of ancient writers on art, 58.

Uniformity, standard of, in physical development in fifth century
B. C., 147f.

Urlichs, H. L. von, on _pristae_ of Myron, 188;
on _puer tenens tabellam_ of Pythagoras, 182.

Urlichs, L. von, on _mala ferens nudus_, mentioned by Pliny, 182;
on _puer tenens tabellam_ of Pythagoras, 182.

Vaison _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos, 152.

Valerian, Roman emperor, 11.

Vapheio, cups from, 4.

Varro, opinions of, on art, 60.

Vase-paintings, showing poses of Olympic victor statues, 44.

“Vatican athlete standing at rest,” so-called, 140.

Veins, shown in Cretan art, 3, 4.

_Venator_, statue of, by Euthykrates, 314.

Ventnor head in British Museum, 89.

Verona, grave-relief in, 72.

Victor fillets, 52.

Victor statues, assimilated to types of gods and heroes, 71f.;
bases of, from Altis, 43, 353f.;
carried off to Italy, 43;
dedication of, an old Greek custom, 99;
dedication at Olympia and elsewhere, 24f.;
distinguished from statues of gods and heroes, 71;
general characteristics of, 43f.;
groups of, in Altis, 300, 340;
hair-fashion of, 50f.;
life-size, examples of, 46;
materials of, 321f.;
in motion, 173f.;
nudity of, 47f.;
_periegesis_ of, in the Altis, by Pausanias, 321;
positions of, in Altis, 339f., 352;
remnants of, 43, 62f.;
at rest, 99f.;
set up at Olympia, long after victory, 32;
set up at Olympia, soon after victory, 31;
set up at Olympia by relatives of victor, by native city of victor,
by fellow-citizens of victor, 30;
set up by trainers, 30;
set up outside Olympia, 361f.;
size of, 45f.;
statuaries of, 375;
two classes of, 99;
zones of, at Olympia, 340.

Victor statuettes, set up at Olympia, 27, 28;
on Akropolis, 28.

_Victoria quadrigam in sublime rapiens_, painting by Nikomachos, 268.

Victors, special privileges of, at Rome, 33;
_Victor certamine gymnico palmam tenens_, painting of, by Eupompos,
160;
victor, represented as crowned, on chest of Kypselos, 13;
victor in wrestling and pankration on same day, called παράδοξος or
παραδοξονίκης, 94;
victors at four national games, called περιοδονῖκαι, 361.

_Victory_, of Paionios; see Paionios, _Nike_ of;
zone of, at Olympia, 344, 355.

Vincent, Edgar, head of athlete in Collection of, 156.

Vinci, Leonardo da, on body proportions, 68.

Visconti, on so-called _Borghese Warrior_, 209;
on Pliny’s “iconic” statues, 54.

Viterbo, bull-grappling in province of, 5.

Vitruvius, on analogy, rhythm, and symmetry, in Greek art, 66.

_Volneratus deficiens_, the, statue by Kresilas, 199.

Volomandra, “Apollo” from, 100, 104, 337.

Volubilis, Morocco, French excavations at, 281.

Votive offerings (ἀναθήματα), mentioned by Pausanias, 339;
victor monuments as, 37.

Wace, A. J. B., on Parian marble male head in Turin, of athlete or
Apollo, 93;
on Roman male head in Turin, resembling the _Apoxyomenos_ of Lysippan
school, 292.

Waldstein (Walston), C., on appellation “Apollo” for early athlete
statues, 335;
on bronze

statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 81;
on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90, 179;
on the _Strangford Apollo_, 244;
on victor fillet, 149.

Walking motive in sculpture, not Polykleitan in origin, 226.

Walston, C.; see Waldstein, C.

Warrior, or hoplitodromos, bronze head from Akropolis, 123.

Washburn, O. M., on Delphi _Charioteer_, 277, 278.

Wernicke, K., on Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, 349.

_Westgraben_, the, at Olympia, 358.

_Westmacott Athlete_, the, 156f., 158, 305.

Wheels, four-spoked, one dedicated at Argos, 97;
tin-foil, dedicated at Olympia, 23.

White, H. G. E., on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, 221,
222.

Wilamowitz, U. von (Wilamowitz-Moellendorf), on inscribed base of
statue of Epicharinos on Akropolis, 372.

Winckelmann, J., on character of Greek Art, 57;
on _Jason_ of Louvre, 87.

Wine-pourers, statues of, 144.

Winged figures, represented in motion before sixth century B. C., 176f.

Winnefeld, H., on _Westmacott Athlete_ statue type, 158.

Winter, F., on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90;
on the _Seated Boxer_ of Museo delle Terme, 147.

Woelfflin, E., on _nudus talo incessens_ of Polykleitos, 250, 251.

Wolters, P., on bronze foot from Olympia, 255;
on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90, 91;
on head of hoplitodrome, from Olympia, 163;
on inscribed base of the _Agias_, 292;
on _Spinario_, 201;
on Tux bronze, 207;
on use of bronze in Olympic victor statues, 321.

Woman, statue of Muse type, from Andros, 71;
head in Louvre, 128.

Women, admitted to chariot-race at Olympia, 49;
excluded from Olympia, 49;
victress statues of, draped, 48;
admitted to the _Heraia_, Olympia, 49.

Worship of victors after death, 35.

_Wounded Amazon_, statue in Capitoline Museum, 151.

_Wounded Man_, the, statue of; see _Volneratus deficiens_.

Wreath of leaves, as prize at various games.

Wrestlers, attributes of statues of, 165;
bronze group of, in Paris, 232;
bronze statue in Naples, 99;
five copies of bronze group of, showing tripping, 233;
group of, on bronze bowl from Borsdorf, showing hand grip, 231, 232;
groups of, on cista handles, 232;
groups of, on Etruscan cista in Metropolitan Museum, 231;
group of, at Olympia (?), 233f.;
paintings of wrestlers by Naukeros, and by Antidotos, 233;
part of group of, found

in sea off Antikythera, 232;
small bronze group of, in Loeb Collection, showing cross-buttocks,
232;
statues of, at Olympia, 234;
statues of, without special attributes, 170;
two bronze statues of, from Herculaneum showing front hold, 230, 231;
two groups of, on rim of bronze bowl, in Boston, 232.

Wrestling (πάλη), 228f.;
bout between Theseus and Kerkyon, on metope of Theseion, 232;
cap used in, 166;
depicted on proto-Attic amphora, 13;
for boys, introduced at Olympia, 228;
at games of Patroklos, 8;
ground wrestling, on gems and vases, 248;
holds in, on vases (arm, body, front, neck, side, wrist), 229;
introduced at Olympia, 228;
oldest(?) of athletic sports, 228;
one of most popular sports, 228;
positions in, on various monuments, 229;
on r.-f. kylix, in Philadelphia, 230;
scenes in, on r.-f. vase, by Andokides, 230;
throws in, on vases (buttocks, cross-buttocks, flying mare, heave,
tripping), 229;
two kinds of, upright (ὀρθὴ πάλη), ground (κύλισις), 228, 229;
victors in wrestling and pankration on same day, 93, 94;
on wall-paintings at Beni-Hasan, Egypt, 1, 228;
wrestling and boxing on Panathenaic amphora of Kittos, 248;
wrestling and boxing in pankration, 247;
wrestling and pankration contrasted, 246.

Wunderer, C., on the _Seated Boxer_ of Museo delle Terme, 147.

Xanten, bronze statue of boy found in Rhine near, 276.

Xanthos, Chimæra tomb at, 271.

Xenodamos, statue at Antikythera, 369.

Xenodikos, statue at Olympia, 279, 345.

Xenokles, base of statue at Olympia, 234, 344;
copies of statue of, 228, 234;
motive of statue of, 138, 139;
statue at Olympia, by Polykleitos the Younger, 118.

Xenokrates, of Akragas, chariot victor at Delphi, 267.

Xenokrates, sculptor, 61.

Xenombrotos, base of statue at Olympia, 345;
base of second statue at Olympia, 355;
portrait statue of, at Olympia, 54;
statue at Olympia, by Philotimos, 122, 264, 279;
two monuments of, at Olympia, 29.

Xenophanes, philosopher, on dangerous character of pankration, 246;
on painful character of boxing, 235;
protest of, against reverencing victors, 36.

Xenophon, historian, on athletics, 58, 59;
_Symposium_ of, 59.

Xenophon, of Aigion, statue at Olympia, 120, 343.

Xerxes, carries off the _Tyrannicides_ to Susa, 173;
sacks Akropolis, 271.

Xoana (ξόανα), Daidalian, 328.

Youth, bronze head of, from Akropolis, 114;
bronze head of, from Herculaneum, 95;
bronze statue of, found in sea off Antikythera, 80f., 82f.;
Polykleitan statue of, crowning himself, 155;
youth with tablet, on Munich vase, 182.

_Zanes_, statues of Zeus, so-called, near entrance to Stadion,
at Olympia, 33, 34.

Zenobios, 182.

Zeus, contestants at Olympia sacrifice to, 11;
diadoumenos on throne of, at Olympia, 150, 151;
father of Herakles, 10;
games in honor of, at Argos, 285;
Great Altar of, at Olympia, 339, 349, 350, 351, 355;
Nemean games in honor of, 17;
as one of the gods presiding over contests, 75;
sculptures from pediments of temple of, at Olympia, 53, 113, 114;
site of Great Altar of, at Olympia, 348f.;
statues of Hyblæan, at Olympia, 344;
of Megarian, at Olympia, 344;
of Olympian, by Pheidias, 52;
of Platæan, at Olympia, 344;
of Zeus Ithomatas, 110, 111;
of Zeus παῖς, at Aigion, 111;
with short hair, 52;
temple of, at Olympia, 342, 344, 346, 347, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355,
356, 358, 359, 360;
throne of, at Olympia, described by Pausanias, 61;
worship of, at Olympia, later than that of Hera, 16;
wrestling match of, with Kronos, 14.

Zeuxis, painter, 29.

Zones, of victor statues at Olympia, 340;
of the _Chariots_, 345, 346;
of the (_Eretrian_) _Bull_, 343, 346;
of _Telemachos_, 345, 346;
of the _Victory_, 344, 346.