Chapter XXXI: Section 1754: applies to all branches of the service, in Washington, D (22)

From the mere money point of view there are other lines of work far easier to master, and more certain to bring large money rewards than journalism. The tendency now, however, is to pay bigger salaries to newspaper men. As it is, the income is greater than that of the minister and equal to that of a lawyer.

WHAT ARE THE OTHER REWARDS TO A JOURNALIST, ASIDE FROM THE FINANCIAL REWARDS?

With many men in journalistic work, however, ideals mean more than money. The public good with such men means more than private gain. Another reward to the young man in this profession is that he comes in contact with mature people. He learns to know even personally many of the great men in business, in politics, in law. The newspaper is one of the very greatest educational agencies. What it does for the adult in an educational way is like what the public schools do for children in an educational way. Among the mature there are masses of ignorant people, ignorant in letters and ignorant in citizenship. The journalist, through the newspaper, has all the people as his audience. Through his opportunity for instruction the journalist may exercise great influence in politics in connection with work for municipal reform, clean streets, better schools, etc., and against machine control in politics, with its bribery and election frauds. Some people have objected to newspaper work because they thought such work corrupted beginners. The truth is that journalism is to each man in it what he makes it. There is more freedom of action in journalism than in the ministry or even than in law or medicine, but a code of ethics is rapidly being developed in the newspaper world that compels each one to do more nearly the right thing. Certainly the reporter does not know the full significance of his stories, headlines, and editorials until he realizes the probable effect of his writings on the ideas and ideals of his readers. Especially is the opportunity for such influence by the journalist good in America, where there are twice as many papers published as in any other country, and far more than twice as many copies issued. It is estimated that more than 5,000,000,000 copies of newspapers of all kinds are printed in the United States yearly.

HOW MANY YEARS WILL IT TAKE TO ESTABLISH MYSELF IN JOURNALISTIC WORK?

The newspaper reporter does not have the experience of a young lawyer or doctor, who must pick up business slowly and wait sometimes for years before he is satisfactorily established. The reporter succeeds or fails from the outset. In fact reporting is the work of comparatively young men, and is especially liked by those of from 20 to 30 years of age. Those who have been successful in this period of life are generally picked for promotions, and less uncertain assignments in the later periods of life.

Very often men who have been successful in early life as newspaper reporters take up magazine writing later. It is often stated that magazine writing is post-graduate newspaper work. The monthly magazine has become an important influence in the modern world, many of the more popular magazines having a larger circulation than any newspaper. On the staff of each periodical there are usually several special editors in charge of separate departments. These editors are often assisted by a regular staff of writers. Frequently, however, those who write for magazines are not connected with the regular staff, but are “free lances” contributing articles from time to time on subjects which they are especially fitted to write about.

The question often arises, Where shall the start be made? Is it best to begin in the country or in the city? The editor of one of the New York dailies says that there are many changes in the staff on a city paper, so a man who is capable has a chance to get a pretty good position, in fact a very good newspaper position, within a half dozen years’ time. This editor also says that it takes about as long to get a good position on a country paper, and after that if one goes to the city he must begin at the bottom and work up, so that much time is wasted. The advantage in beginning on a paper in a small city rather than a large one is that one is more likely there to gain an all around knowledge of everything that must be done in a newspaper office.

HOW GREAT IS THE DEMAND FOR MEN IN THE JOURNALISTIC FIELD?

There are in the United States and Canada at the present time approximately 25,000 newspapers and periodicals being published. Nearly 40 per cent of all such publications in the world are published in the United States and its outlying territories. In 1915 these publications in the United States gave employment to over 100,000 people, approximately 35,000 of whom were editors and reporters. The total circulation at that time aggregated 164,468,040. Moreover, newspapers are being circulated in larger numbers every day and are being read by an increasing number of people every day. The whole field of journalism is constantly enlarging and the claim is made by those who are expert in the field that the profession is not overcrowded with good workers.

HOW MUCH WILL IT COST TO PREPARE FOR NEWSPAPER WORK?

If you are a soldier or a sailor discharged from the service since October 6, 1917, with a disability for which the Bureau of War Risk Insurance will grant you compensation, your education will be furnished free by the Government. The Bureau of War-Risk Insurance, through its compensation, will meet a part of the expenses and the Federal Board for Vocational Education will supplement that amount to a minimum of $65 a month with the purpose of meeting all of your expenses for living, clothing, transportation, tuition, and incidentals.

THE LUMBER INDUSTRY

Lumbering is the felling and conversion of trees into lumber. The extraction of the timber from the forest is known as logging, and the manufacture of the logs into lumber is known as sawmilling.

PLAN No. 910. LOGGING

REGIONS

The chief centers of the logging industry are in New England, the Lake States, the Southern Appalachians, the Southern pine region, the cypress swamps of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the Inland Empire (Montana, Idaho, and Eastern Washington and Oregon), and the Pacific coast.

METHODS AND LABOR CONDITIONS

The methods of logging and the opportunity for employment in this work present many different aspects in these regions. Animal logging prevails in the Northeast, the Lake States, and the Inland Empire, and power logging in the other sections, although no one method is universally used in any of these regions.

The demand for labor, both skilled and unskilled, in every section is now greater than the supply, and competent men can readily find some form of employment to which they are adapted.

Conditions surrounding work in the forest vary greatly in the different regions, and one who is not familiar with local conditions should weigh carefully his own ability and the opportunities which each section may offer to him.

WHO SHOULD UNDERTAKE THE WORK?

Logging work will appeal most strongly to one who has been accustomed since his early years to an outdoor life, and who is familiar in a general way either with outdoor manual labor or with some mechanical trade.

The best opportunities for men who wish to make lumbering a life work are with the larger companies, since they have organizations in which employment is more continuous, and in which there is the greatest possibility of advancement. Small lumbering concerns offer but little inducement, unless a way is open to secure an interest in the business.

Advancement to the beginner in the lumber industry is not rapid and, therefore, it holds more promise to the young, single man who can afford to serve an apprenticeship, than to the older man who has a family to support and whose financial requirements are greater at the beginning.

Felling timber is hard work, but appeals to strong, robust men, because the wages paid for it are among the highest paid in a logging camp. The work is too heavy for one past the prime of life, or for a young man who may be physically incapacitated.

Where logging is done by animals, the position of teamster may be filled by older men as well as that of swamper, grab setter, tong hooker, scaler, and like positions which do not call for heavy manual labor.

Power logging, which is common in the South and in the far West, affords an excellent opportunity for active young men with mechanical ability, since skilled operators are required to run the skidding machinery and to keep it in repair.

A northern logger should not consider employment in the cypress swamp forests, because it is work which appeals chiefly to those who have grown up in the cypress “brake” region.

PLAN No. 911. RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

Men who have had experience with railroad construction or operation will find a promising field in the lumber industry, since on most large operations the logs are hauled from the forest to the mill over logging railroads. Locomotive engineers and firemen are in demand and command a fairly high wage. The hours are long because it is necessary to deliver a certain quantity of logs to the mill daily, and in case of delays in schedule, the crews must work until the necessary quantity of logs has been delivered.

On large operations new railroad lines are continually under construction, and opportunity is afforded for employment to those who are familiar with railroad construction.

LOG DRIVING

Where logs are transported down streams to the mill, log drivers are required during the spring and summer months. On “rough water” this work requires experience and skill, and is hard work which must be done often in inclement weather. It is not a class of work to which an inexperienced man would be adapted.

SOCIAL CONDITIONS

Social conditions in the different regions have played a prominent part in the distribution of labor in the lumber industry. The trend of labor migration has been from the East to the West, and not from the North to the South, because woods workers from the North and East have found both climatic and social conditions more to their liking in the West than in the South. Northern and eastern loggers have gone South in small numbers to fill positions of responsibility, but in general, the unskilled laborer has not found living and working conditions to his liking in the lowlands and southern pineries.

An important factor to be considered in this connection is the color line, which is more or less sharply drawn in the South. In some sections both whites and negroes work together on the same operations. The standard of work and the social conditions which prevail in southern logging camps, however, do not appeal to the northern man, and but few are content to remain for any length of time.

In the West the northern logger meets with conditions similar to those existing at home and, therefore, he is satisfied to become a permanent resident in the region.

Logging work in most sections is more or less removed from settlements and, in general, it is not possible for the logger to enjoy family life. The exception to this case is the logging camp of the southern pineries, which is a community comprising the loggers and their families. The buildings are small, portable houses, two or more constituting the home of a single family. Medical facilities are provided by the company, along with a school and a church and each community comprises a settlement in itself. Although both white and colored laborers may live in the same camp, the quarters are separated and the two races do not intermingle. The social advantages for an ambitious man with a family are not great and many northern and eastern men would not find conditions to their liking. Only men familiar with local conditions should seek employment in southern logging camps.

The mountain region of the Southern Appalachians appeals to many northern loggers, because the conditions in this region are not dissimilar to those with which they are familiar.

It is not practicable to point out any particular branch of logging work which might appeal to individuals. Each man after choosing the region in which he desires to work should try out the various classes of employment to which he may find himself adapted, expecting ultimately to find that class of work for which he is best fitted.

In general, one who desires to enter the field of logging should be young, have a robust constitution, possess a liking for outdoor work, and should seek employment in some region with which he is familiar, or in some section which is similar in climatic and social conditions to his home region.

PLAN No. 912. SAWMILLING

The sawmill industry is scattered over a wide area in this country, but the chief centers of lumber manufacture are in or adjacent to the great forest areas of the country, in the southern pine region, which produces nearly one-third of all of our lumber cut, and in the Pacific Northwest, which produces about one-eighth of our total cut. The sawmill business includes plants ranging from the small mill, cutting a few thousand feet daily, up to the plant which turns out nearly one million feet of lumber in twenty hours.

LUMBER SETTLEMENTS

Lumber manufacture is centered in permanent settlements, a new plant usually having a normal life of at least 20 years. Some of these communities comprise only the lumber companies’ employees (a “one-man town”) while others are located at or near cities or towns. Merits are claimed for both systems, but it is true that some of the cleanest and most enlightened communities are those in which the control of affairs rests largely in the hands of the lumber company. In this way undesirables may be kept away from the settlement, better schools are usually maintained, and the entire tone of the community placed on a higher standard than exists in the “open” towns.

CHARACTER OF WORK

The work at a sawmill plant is extremely varied in character, and ranges from that requiring high technical and mechanical ability down through every degree of skill to work which can be performed by a low grade of common labor. The wage scale likewise shows a wide range. The highest technical positions, such as saw filer in a large mill, may command $12 per day and up, while the lowest wage is the minimum for common labor in the region. Sawmilling proceeds in all kinds of weather, except during the winter season in the northern regions. At all plants, however, some forms of work, such as lumber piling, trucking dry lumber to the planing mill, and loading cars, may be discontinued during short spells of inclement weather. The actual sawing of lumber, in most regions, seldom ceases except when the entire plant closes down, since this work is largely done under cover and the men therefore are sheltered.

Sawmill work should appeal to one who is interested in factory work; who desires employment which keeps him more or less in the open; and who prefers to live in a settled community. It offers a clean, healthful occupation for all degrees of skill, hence it affords opportunity for every industrious man.

WAGES

The wages paid in the lumber industry vary with the region in which the work is performed and local wage scales, but the compensation is as great as in other industries requiring an equal amount of skill.

PLAN No. 913. CLASSIFICATION OF LABOR IN THE LUMBER INDUSTRY

225 JOBS LISTED

Logging work as a rule requires a man of robust constitution who can stand up under hard physical labor performed in the open in all kinds of weather. Loggers must as a rule be skilled in the use of ax, crosscut saw, and like tools, or to be competent teamsters, although considerable unskilled labor is employed in each camp.

Sawmill employees should in most instances be robust. They are not as a rule exposed to inclement weather to the same degree as loggers. A high degree of mechanical skill is required of saw filers, sawyers, mechanics, and persons filling like places, but the greater part of the sawmill work does not demand mechanical skill of even average degree and consequently the work can be satisfactorily performed by labor which has had but little previous experience. In most positions a man who is of average intelligence and has the ability to quickly adapt himself to new lines of work will prove successful.

Woods work as a rule does not appeal to the city born and bred man, because it takes him from settled communities. On the other hand, both logging and sawmill work often appeal to the country-reared man because it keeps him out in the open.

The scarcity of labor during the last year has necessitated the employment of many laborers who would not have been acceptable in former times. Women are now filling many places in the industry to which they were not formerly considered eligible. They are now driving teams on logging jobs, felling timber, laying railroad steel, surfacing railroad track, and doing other work in the woods, as well as filling very satisfactorily a large number of places in sawmills, box factories, and other woodworking establishments which were formerly filled exclusively by men.

There is promise of a readjustment of labor conditions in the industry, and it is certain that the discovery of the worth of female labor in the industry will have a marked effect on labor conditions. The entrance of female workers will mean that many forms of the lighter labor formerly performed by physically deficient males will be given over to women, and it is possible that this may have a marked bearing on the possibility of employing wounded soldiers for this purpose. Few soldiers will be advised to enter the lumber industry unless they were formerly engaged in a similar line of work.

The following tabulation shows in a very general way the minimum range of the technical and mechanical qualifications required for certain lines of logging and sawmill work. Experienced men with greater disabilities than those mentioned may prove efficient, but it is not believed that inexperienced men who can not meet the requirements would prove satisfactory in the industry.

_Better Than 225 Jobs_

Labor Classification--Lumber Industry

_Physical and Technical Qualifications_

=========================+=====================================+
| Physical requirements. |
+---------+-----+-----+------+--------+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | Eye- | |
|Physique.|Arms.|Legs.|sight.|Hearing.|
+---------+-----+-----+------+--------+
A. Logging engineering: | | | | | |
(1) Land surveys-- | | | | | |
_a._ Instrument man. |Robust. | 2 |[13]2|Good. |Fair. |
_b._ Rodman. | do. | 2 |[13]2|Fair. | do. |
_c._ Chainman. | do. | 2 |[13]2| do. | do. |
_d._ Axeman. | do. | 2 |[13]2| do. | do. |
(2) Timber cruising-- | | | | | |
_a._ Cruiser. | do. | 1 |[13]2|Good. | do. |
_b._ Compassman. | do. | 2 |[13]2|Fair. | do. |
_c._ Cook. | do. | 2 |[13]2|1 eye,| do. |
| | |fair. | |
(3) Topographic | do. | 2 |[13]2|Good. | do. |
mapping and map | | | | | |
making. | | | | | |
(4) Railroad location--| | | | | |
_a._ Instrument man. | do. | 2 |[13]2| do. | do. |
_b._ Rodman. | do. | 2 |[13]2|Fair. | do. |
_c._ Chainman. | do. | 2 |[13]2| do. | do. |
_d._ Axeman. | do. | 2 |[13]2| do. | do. |
(5) Planning logging | | | | | |
operations-- | | | | | |
_a._ Forester or | do. | 2 |[13]2| do. | do. |
logging engineer. | | | | | |
B. Logging: | | | | | |
(1) Felling and bucking| | | | | |
(including saw | | | | | |
fitting)-- | | | | | |
_a._ Head faller. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Fair. |Fair. |
_b._ Second faller. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Saw filer. |Fairly | 2 | 1 |Good. |Fair to |
|robust. | | | |poor. |
_d._ Saw boss. | do. | 1 | 2 |1 eye,|Fair. |
| | | |fair. | |
(2) Skidding and | | | | | |
yarding (animal)-- | | | | | |
_a._ Teamster. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_b._ Swamper. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | |
_c._ Grab setter. | do. | 2 | 2 |1 eye.| do. |
_d._ Tong hooker. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_e._ Tong unhooker. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_f._ Cant hookman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_g._ Skidway man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
(Power--Pacific coast):| | | | | |
_a._ Hook tender. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_b._ Rigging shingle.| do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Choker man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. |Good. |
_d._ Sniper. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair to |
| | | | |poor. |
_e._ Signalman. |Average. | 1 | 2 |1 eye,|Good. |
| | | |fair. | |
_f._ Yarding and road| do. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
engineer. | | | | | |
_g._ Yarding and | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. |Fair. |
road-engine fireman. | | | | | |
_h._ Wood buck. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair to |
| | | | |poor. |
_i._ Head loader. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair. |
_j._ Second loader. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_k._ Loading engine |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. |Good. |
engineer. | | | | | |
_l._ Loading engine | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
fireman. | | | | | |
_m._ Pump man. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. |Fair. |
_o._ Master mechanic.| do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_n._ Blacksmith. |Robust. | 2 | 1 |Good. | do. |
_p._ Carpenter. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_q._ Car repairer. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_r._ Pole road | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
construction | | | | | |
(foreman). | | | | | |
_s._ Pole road | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
construction | | | | | |
(laborers). | | | | | |
_t._ Landing | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
construction | | | | | |
(foreman). | | | | | |
_u._ Landing | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
construction (men). | | | | | |
(3) Transportation-- | | | | | |
_a._ Locomotive | do. | 2 | 2 |Good. |Good. |
engineer. | | | | | |
_b._ Locomotive | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
fireman. | | | | | |
_c._ Conductor, log |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
train. | | | | | |
_d._ Brakeman, log |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
train. | | | | | |
_e._ Section foreman.|Average. | 1 | 2 | do. |Fair. |
_f._ Section man. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Fair. |Fair to |
| | | | |poor. |
_g._ Railroad | do. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair. |
construction | | | | | |
(foreman). | | | | | |
_h._ Railroad | do. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair to |
construction (men). | | | | |poor. |
_i._ Rafting or boom | do. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair. |
foreman. | | | | | |
_j._ Rafting or boom | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
men. | | | | | |
_k._ Driver foreman. | do. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_l._ River driver | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
(4) Timber | | | | | |
measurement-- | | | | | |
_a._ Scaler. |Average. |1 or | 2 |Good. | do. |
| | 2 | | | |
_b._ Scaler’s helper.| do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. |Fair to |
| | | | |poor. |
(5) General camp crew--| | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_b._ Barn man. |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_c._ Cook. |Robust. | 2 | 1 | 1 | do. |
_d._ Flunkey. |Average. | 2 | 1 |1 eye,| do. |
| | | |fair. | |
_e._ Chore boy. | do. | 2 | 1 |Fair. | do. |
_f._ Camp clerk. | do. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
Lumber manufacture: | | | | | |
C. (1) Log storage-- | | | | | |
_a._ Log car |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. |Fair. |
unloaders. | | | | | |
_b._ Pond foreman. |Average. | 2 | 2 |1 eye,| do. |
| | | |fair. | |
_c._ Sinker raiser. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_d._ Boom men and | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
jacker feeder. | | | | | |
(2) Sawmill proper-- | | | | | |
_a._ Dock man and |Average. | 2 | 2 |Good. |Fair. |
scaler. | | | | | |
_b._ Sawyer. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Setter. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_d._ Carriage rider. | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_e._ Swamper or off- | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
bearer. | | | | | |
_f._ Tripper. |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_g._ Edgerman. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_h._ Tail edger. | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_i._ Slasherman. |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_j._ Gang sawyer. | do. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_k._ Gang feeder. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_l._ Gang tailer. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_m._ Trimmer loader. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_n._ Trimmer |Average. | 2 | 1 |Good. | do. |
leverman. | | | | | |
_o._ Clean-up man. | do. | 2 | 1 |Fair. | do. |
_p._ Oiler. | do. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_q._ Foreman. | do. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
_r._ Saw filer. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_s._ Saw filer | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
helper. | | | | | |
_t._ Jump saw | do. | 2 | 1 |Fair. | do. |
operator. | | | | | |
_u._ Millwright. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_v._ Watchman. |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
(3) Sorting and | | | | | |
grading-- | | | | | |
_a._ Inspector, | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
lumber. | | | | | |
_b._ Graders. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Sorting table | do. | 2 |[14]1|Fair. | do. |
man. | | | | | |
(4) Yard and kiln | | | | | |
work-- | | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
_b._ Teamsters. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Stackers. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_d._ Send-in men. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
(5) Planing mill-- | | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
_b._ Machinist. | do. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_c._ Shipping clerk. | do. | 1 | 1 |Fair. | do. |
_d._ Machine feeders.|Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_e._ Grades behind |Average. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
Machines. | | | | | |
_f._ Machine tailers.| do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_g._ Tyers. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
(6) Loading and | | | | | |
shipping-- | | | | | |
_a._ Truckers. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_b._ Car loaders. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Checkers. |Average. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
(7) Office and Sales-- | | | | | |
_a._ Clerk. | do. | 2 | 1 |Fair. | do. |
_b._ Salesman. | do. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
(8) Commissary | do. | 2 | 1 |1 eye,| do. |
employees. | | | |fair. | |
(9) Power house-- | | | | | |
_a._ Engineer. | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_b._ Fireman. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_c._ Common labor. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
(10) Machine shop-- | | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_b._ Blacksmith. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_c._ Machinist. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_d._ Boiler maker. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_e._ Pattern maker. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_f._ Welders. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_g._ Electrician. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_h._ Helpers. | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_i._ Common labor. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
(11) Miscellaneous-- | | | | | |
_a._ Timekeeper. |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_b._ Common labor. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
D. Lath Manufacture: | | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. |Average. | 2 | 1 |Fair. |Fair. |
_b._ Slab picker. |Robust. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_c._ Machine feeders.| do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_d._ Machine tailers.| do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_e._ Lath bundlers |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
and Graders. | | | | | |
E. Shingle manufacture: | | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_b._ Bolter. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Shingle sawyer. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_d._ Knob sawyer. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_e._ Grader and |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
bundler. | | | | | |
F. Paper industry: | | | | | |
(1) Millwork-- | | | | | |
_a._ Head piler | do. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
(wood). | | | | | |
_b._ Wood handlers. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Conveyor man. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_d._ River man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_e._ Head wood |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
handler. | | | | | |
_f._ Slip man. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_g._ Head preparer. |Average. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
_h._ Swing sawyer. |Robust. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_i._ Barker. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_j._ Splitter. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_k._ Waste handler. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_l._ Chipper. |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_m._ Head grinder | do. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
man. | | | | | |
_n._ Stone |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
sharpener. | | | | | |
_o._ Grinder man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_p._ Block handler. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_q._ Screenman. |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_r._ Sliver man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_s._ Head pressman. | do. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
_t._ Pressman. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_u._ Decker man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_v._ Sulphur burner. |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
_w._ Acid maker. | do. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
_x._ Lime slacker. | do. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
_y._ Lime handler. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_z._ Towerman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_aa._ Cook | do. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
(digesters). | | | | | |
_bb._ Cook, first | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
helper. | | | | | |
_cc._ Cook, second | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
helper. | | | | | |
_dd._ Blow pitman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_ee._ Screenman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_ff._ Waste handler. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_gg._ Head pressman. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_hh._ Pressman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_ii._ Head beater |Average. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
man. | | | | | |
_jj._ Beater man. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_kk._ Clay and size |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
man. | | | | | |
_ll._ Machine tender.|Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_mm._ Machine man | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
(others). | | | | | |
_nn._ Head finisher. |Average. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
_oo._ Cutter man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_pp._ Rewinder. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_qq._ Weigher. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_rr._ Marker. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_ss._ Balers. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_tt._ Oilers. |Average. | 2 | 2 |Good. | do. |
_uu._ Cleaner. | do. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_vv._ Filter man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_ww._ First core | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
cleaner. | | | | | |
_xx._ Core cleaner. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_yy._ Stock saver. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_zz._ Engineer. | do. | 2 | 1 or| do. |Good. |
| | | 2 | | |
_aaa._ Fireman. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. |Fair. |
_bbb._ Dynamo man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_ccc._ Coal and wood |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
handlers. | | | | | |
_ddd._ Boiler | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
cleaner. | | | | | |
_eee._ Head repair |Average. | 1 | 2 | do. | do. |
man. | | | | | |
_fff._ Repair man. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_ggg._ Repair man | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
helpers. | | | | | |
_hhh._ Core maker. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
G. Cooperage industry: | | | | | |
(1) Woods work (same | | | | | |
qualifications as for |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
regular logging). |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
(2) Manufacture-- | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_a._ Drag saw | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
operator. | | | | | |
_b._ Bolter. | | | | | |
_c._ Peeler. | | | | | |
_d._ Sawyer. | | | | | |
_e._ Knife grinder |Average. | 2 | 1 |Good. |Fair. |
and filer. | | | | | |
_f._ Jointers. |Robust. | 2 | 2 |Fair. | do. |
_g._ Matchers. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_h._ Turners. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_i._ Packers. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_j._ Truckers. |Average. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_k._ Clean-up men. | do. | | | | |
H. Veneer mill: | | | | | |
_a._ Foreman. | do. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
_b._ Drag saw man. |Robust. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_c._ Hot box man. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_d._ Deck labor. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_e._ Machine | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
operator. | | | | | |
_f._ Sawyer. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_g._ Grader. |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_h._ Stock handler. |Robust. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_i._ Trucker. | do. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_j._ Kiln operator. |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_k._ Packer and |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
loader. | | | | | |
_l._ Engineer. |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_m._ Fireman. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_n._ Common labor. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
I. Wood preservation: | | | | | |
_a._ Superintendent. |Average. | 1 | 1 | do. | do. |
_b._ Foreman. | do. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_c._ Common labor. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
_d._ Engineer. |Average. | 2 | 1 | do. | do. |
_e._ Fireman. |Robust. | 2 | 2 | do. | do. |
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