Chapter M (4)

_Porter, J._, floral calendar of Plainfield, Mass., 1818, i, 254. ----, ---- ----, ibid, for 1819; iii, 273. ----, on snow crystals, ii, 339. ----, minerals of Plainfield, v, 270. ----, catalogue of minerals, vi, 246; vii, 58, 252; viii, 233; x, 18. ----, notice of a rocking stone, ix, 27.^f ----, on the American Antiquarian Society, xviii, 136. ----, on the garden of Fromont, xx, 83. ----, Roxbury rocking stone, vii, 59.^f

_Porter, R. K._, travels in Persia, xxxvii, 347.

_Porter, T. D._, contributions to the Geological Society, ii, 143. ----, geological notice of some parts of North and South Carolina, iii, 227. ----, reply to _T. Cooper_ on tests of arsenic, iv, 160. ----, mineral localities on the Connecticut, ix, 177.^f ----, specimens of Zircon, iii, 229; v, 271.

_Porter, W. S._, sketches of Alabama, xiii, 77.

Portugal, public instruction in, vii, 198.

Post office department, progress of the American, xv, 373.

Post offices in France, income of, for 1824, x, 174.

Postage of printed sheets in England, xlix, 228.

Pot and pearl ashes, method of manufacturing, by _G. A. Rogers_,
viii, 304.

Potamogeton Claytoni, xlv, 38. ---- pulcher, xlv, 38.

Potassa in sea-water, iii, 371. ----, caustic, of commerce, xxxv, 299. ----, commercial, of New York, researches on, _L. C. Beck_, xxix, 260. ----, ----, adulteration of, xxix, 261. ----, ----, manufacture of, xxix, 261. ----, mode of obtaining from feldspar, _Fuchs_, xxi, 157. ----, detection of, by the oxide of nickel, xvi, 387. ----, mode of separating from soda, xxix, 273. ----, Davy's original mode of decomposing, xxi, 367.^f ----, action of, on organic matters, xvii, 382; xxiv, 372. ----, action of, on cholesterine, xliv, 60. ---- and soda, mixture of pure carbonates of, xlix, 195. ----, carbonate of, mode of preparing, free from silica, xlix, 195. ----, chlorate of, mode of obtaining, ix, 201. ----, pure chromate of, xx, 409. ----, to test the chromate of, _S. Zuber_, xxiv, 372. ----, chromate of, means of determining the purity of, xvi, 392. ----, ----, a test for distinguishing strontia and baryta, xxxvi, 183. ----, bichromate of, ulcers produced by the use of, xvi, 384. ----, manganesiate of, _F. Wöhler_, xxviii, 137. ---- and copper, sulphate of, xx, 195. ---- and silica, new compound of, xvi, 397.

Potassium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189. ----, preparation of, viii, 372. ----, best method of preparing and preserving, xix, 205.^f ----, new apparatus for obtaining, _L. D. Gale_, xxi, 60.^f ----, improvement in Brunner's process for, _R. Hare_, xxiv, 312. ----, an improved mode of obtaining, _R. Hare_, xxxviii, 338; xl, 27. ----, properties of, xvii, 182. ----, price of, in 1825, ix, 387. ----, experiments on, by _J. T. Ducatel_, xxv, 90. ----, ammoniacal nitruret of, xxv, 205. ----, iodide of platinum and, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 257. ----, preparation of iodide of, ix, 188. ----, ferridcyanide, deoxidation of, _C. F. Schönbein_, xlix, 203. ---- and naphtha, explosive compound produced from, xxiv, 315. ----, mode of filling tubes with, xxiv, 316.

Potatoe, found wild in South America, iv, 195. ----, fruitfulness of, iii, 381. ----, culture of, in France, xxvii, 176. ----, on the growth of, xii, 170. ----, precaution in planting, xxi, 159. ----, nutrition from, _E. Ives_ on, i, 297. ----, mode of preserving, vi, 200; xvii, 188. ----, how to boil, xxiii, 201. ----, used in steam engine boilers, vii, 193. ----, oil from spirits of wine of, xxviii, 386. ----, essential oil of, _A. Cahours_, xxxii, 382. ---- cheese, xviii, 395; xxiii, 202. ---- flour for bread, xvi, 391. ---- ----, detection of, in wheat, xvii, 173. ----, molasses from, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 93. ---- starch, sugar from, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 284. ----, Sweet, sugar in, xv, 285. ---- fly, cantharidin in, ii, 137.

Potentilla supina, xiv, 114.

Pot-holes, made by means of running water, in the Green Mountains, vi, 252. ----, near the Franconia Notch, xxxiv, 122.

Potosi silver mines, xxiv, 233.

Potstone, Middlefield, Mass., viii, 51. ---- of Greenland, xvii, 14.

_Potter, C. E._, notice of a rocking stone, xxiv, 185.^f

Pottery, analysis of, xv, 183. ----, notice of _A. Brongniart_ on, xxxi, 134. ----, ancient American, xxvii, 175.

Powder of Cassius, purple, see _Cassius_. ---- of Balda, viii, 204. ---- mills, inflamed by the stroke of copper, xiii, 161.

Powders, fulminating, see _Fulminating_.

_Powell, B._, on the interference of light, xxxviii, 107. ----, on refractive indices, xxxviii, 107. ----, on the wave theory, xxxviii, 108. ----, on radiant heat, xl, 313. ----, on certain cases of elliptically polarized light, xliv, 171. ----, on the elliptic polarization of light, reflected from various substances, xlvi, 390.

Power of horses, xxi, 167.

Pozzuolana, iv, 373.

Practical Tourist, review of, xxiii, 213.

Prague, statistics of, ix, 184.

Prairies, origin of, _R. W. Wells_, i, 331. ----, ---- and extension of, _R. Nutt_, xxiii, 40. ---- of the West, _C. Atwater_, i, 116. ---- and barrens of the West, _A. Bourne_, ii, 30. ---- of Alabama, _W. W. McGuire_, xxiv, 187; xxvi, 93. ---- formation of Opelousas an Attakapas, _W. M. Carpenter_, xxxv, 344. ----, observations on, _G. Jones_, xxxiii, 226;--dry prairies, 226; comparison with Holland, 228. ---- of Ohio, xxxiii, 230. ---- of Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 212. ----, Hog-wallow, of Texas, notice of, xxxix, 211.

Prase in Massachusetts, i, 344. ---- in Rhode Island, viii, 226, 230. ---- in Pennsylvania, viii, 238.

Precession of the equinoxes, remarks on, vii, 323^f; viii, 132, 139.^f ---- ----, constant of, _O. Struve_, xlvii, 91.

Precipitate, purple, of silver and gold, xxii, 198.

Prehnite, _L. P. Walmstedt_ on, ix, 378. ----, datholite, &c. at Kewenaw Point, Lake Superior, _C. T. Jackson_, xlix, 87. ----, in Connecticut, i, 50, 135; ii, 232; vi, 223. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114; iii, 364. ----, in New Jersey, ii, 183, 191, 195, 197; v, 239; xl, 69; xliv, 58. ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 220.

Premiums by the French Academy of Sciences, for 1827, xiv, 380, 389. ---- ---- ----, for 1831, xxii, 194. ---- offered by the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, France, 1821, 1822, iv, 192. ---- ---- ----, for 1832-34, xxii, 359. ----, for Mechanical Arts, iv, 192. ----, for Chemical Arts, iv, 192. ----, for fabrication of Russian leather, iv, 193. ----, for Economical Arts, iv, 193. ----, for useful inventions in agriculture, xviii, 382. ----, for chemical and medical discoveries, xxii, 194. ----, scientific, xxiv, 210. ----, see farther under _Medals_ and _Prizes_.

Prenanthes aphylla, v, 299.

Preservation of objects in Natural History, iv, 198. ---- of specimens of animals, directions for, xii, 271; xix, 52. ---- ---- ibid, with arsenical soap, xix, 53. ---- of zoological collections from insects, _T. S. Trail_, xv, 167. ---- of animal and vegetable substances from insects, _J. Macartney_, xxxi, 367. ---- of specimens, new mode of, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxv, 338. ---- of eggs, Scotch method, xxvi, 188. ---- ---- for cabinets, xxi, 161. ---- of insects, _T. Roger_, xix, 213. ---- ----, xix, 56; xxi, 162. ----, of freshwater shells, xlii, 391. ---- of Echini with the spines, xxix, 353. ---- of skins, xxvi, 188. ---- of fish skins for museums, xxxvi, 196. ---- of anatomical preparations, vi, 384. ---- of skeletons, xix, 57. ---- of animal bodies, new mode of, by petrifaction, _G. Segato_, xxix, 359. ---- of animal preparations, by Gannal's new process, xl, 194. ---- of animal substances, salt for, xxx, 183. ---- of crystalline lenses, xxvi, 216. ---- of dead bodies, i, 307. ---- of meats, &c. by Appert's process, xiii, 163. ---- of fruits without sugar, method of, xv, 381. ---- of substances by alkalies, xxiii, 383. ---- of cordage, &c. from moisture, xxiii, 199. ---- of firemen against fire and flame, xviii, 177; xx, 96.^f ---- of grain from mice, vii, 378. ---- of timber by pyrolignite of iron, _Boucherie_, xl, 213. ---- of the Royal George, xl, 213. ---- from rust, a mode of, by means of caoutchouc, vi, 398. ---- of iron from rust, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.

_Presl_, notice of the Genera Fileacearum of, xxxix, 174.

Press, botanical, _J. Locke_, xxx, 54.^f ----, printing, see _Printing_.

Pressure in the ocean at great depths, see _Ocean_. ----, atmospheric, see _Barometrical_. ---- on the human body, variations of, and apparatus for withdrawing, xxxiv, 30. ----, effect of instantaneous, as compared with accumulative, _C. Bonnycastle_, xl, 32.

Price of labor and subsistence in some parts of Europe, xxxvi, 176.

_Priestley, J._ philosophical character of, _W. Henry_, xxiv, 28. ----, discoveries by, xxiv, 30.

Primula farinosa, iv, 59.

_Prince, James_, on the sea-serpent, ii, 154.

_Prince, John_, memoir of, xxxi, 201.^f

_Prince, W._, a fruit, between the Spanish chesnut and the Maryland
chinquapin, iii, 77.

Prince Regent's Inlet, geology of, xvii, 10.

Princeton, battle of, painted by J. Trumbull, xxxix, 231.

Principia of Newton, new edition of, vi, 379. ---- ----, review of, xi, 238; xii, 28, 330; xiii, 311.

Prinos coriaceus, v, 293.

Printing on zinc, x, 388. ----, a mode of stereotyping by Senefelder, xi, 386. ----, invention of stereotyping, xvii, 161. ----, stereotype, original papers by _C. Colden_ and _B. Franklin_ on, xxiv, 319. ---- designs, new mode of, vii, 191. ----, anastatic, xlix, 401. ---- press, improvements in, by J. I. Wells, iii, 311.^f ---- ----, inking machine, Wood's, xxiii, 103.^f ---- ---- for the blind, v, 385.

Prisons, Society for the Amelioration of, iii, 374.

Prizes offered by the Royal Society of London, xxv, 412.

Prize given by the Royal Society to _J. F. W. Herschel_, for a paper on double stars, xxv, 412. ---- respecting the ammoniacal azoturet of potassium, offered by the St. Petersburg Academy, xxv, 205. ----, the Montyon, presented, xxv, 189. ----, the De Lalande, given to E. Sabine, xii, 194. ----, ----, xxv, 190. ---- of the Academy of Sciences, xiv, 380, 389; xxii, 194.

Problems, diophantine, xxxi, 156. ----, dynamical, new solutions of, xxxviii, 106.

Producta, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Profile mountain, New Hampshire, _M. Field_, xiv, 64^f; xxxiv, 122.

Pronouns, nature of, explained, xxxiv, 337.

Proportions, definite, in Chemistry, _D. Olmsted_, xii, 1.

Prospect Hill, East Haven, Ct., scenery of, vii, 3.

Proteus of the North American Lakes, _S. L. Mitchill_, iv, 181; vii, 68.^f ----, _D. H. Barnes_, xi, 285.

Protococcus kermesinus, analogous to red particles in blood, xxxvi, 206.

_Prout, W._, analysis of starch sugar, xxxv, 299.

Providence Franklin Society, xviii, 195. ---- tornado, _R. Hare_, xliii, 137. ---- ----, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 263.^f

Prunnerite, new mineral species, xx, 197.

Prussia, population of, ix, 184. ----, universities of, xx, 388.

Prussian travellers, vii, 195.

Prussiate of potash, red, deoxidation of, _C. F. Schönbein_, xlix, 203. ---- ----, manufacture of, at Glasgow, _T. Thomson_, xli, 49.

Prussian blue, new mode of preparing, viii, 380. ---- ----, researches into the manufacture of, xv, 178. ---- ----, formation and nature of, xviii, 332. ---- ----, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.

Prussic acid, _F. Magendie_ on, ii, 81. ---- ----, memoir on, _B. L. Oliver_, iii, 182. ---- ----, ----, _Orfila_, xviii, 157. ---- ----, effect of muriatic and sulphuric acids on, xviii, 146. ---- ----, extraordinary production of, _A. A. Hayes_, xviii, 201. ---- ----, preservation of, xvi, 260. ---- ----, apparatus for the evolution of, _R. Hare_, xxix, 244.^f ---- ----, impurities of, xix, 70. ---- ----, cases in which administered, iii, 187. ---- ----, efficacy in asthma, vi, 366. ---- ----, action of, on a horse, xii, 385. ---- ----, effects on vegetation, x, 190. ---- ----, chlorine an antidote for, xvii, 174; xxi, 157.

Pseudomorphine, a new vegetable extract, xxx, 179.

Pseudomorphism, observations on, _J. D. Dana_, xlviii, 81, 397.

Pseudomorphous minerals, account of, in a review of _J. R. Blum's_ treatise, xlviii, 66. ---- (crystallized) steatite, in Massachusetts, _C. Dewey_, iv, 274; v, 249; vi, 333; viii, 51. ---- steatite, having the form of quartz, scapolite and spinel, xxi, 320. ---- steatitic hornblende, analysis of, _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 35. ---- quartz, at Southampton lead mine, vi, 214; ix, 249. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 223. ---- granite, vii, 22.^f

Pseudomorphs, siliceous, in Hampshire Co., Mass., xii, 256.

Pseudo-volcanoes of the Upper Missouri, xlv, 154.

Psora, use of chloride of lime in, xvi, 395.

Pudding stone of Mount Toby, Mass., vi, 8, 69.

Pulkova Observatory, xlvii, 88.

Pulmonary consumption, work on, _S. G. Morton_, noticed, xxv, 424.

Pultowa, monument of, iii, 379.

Pumice, floating, xx, 161. ---- at the Azores, iv, 259. ---- of the Mississippi, iii, 247. ---- of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, due to pseudo-volcanoes, _J. N. Nicollet_, xlv, 154.

Pump, by steam, xvi, 181. ----, air, see _Air pump_.

Purple of Cassius, ii, 350; xx, 192; xxviii, 145; xlviii, 192.

_Pursh, F._, notice of the herbarium of, xl, 11. ----, botanical excursions of, xlii, 10. ----, notice of, ix, 269.

Putnam's rock, v, 37.

Putnam Hill, section of, xxix, 30.^f

Putrefaction, animal, xviii, 397. ---- of stagnant water, prevented by animal charcoal, x, 189.

_Puvis_, essay on lime as a manure, xxx, 138.

Pyrargillite, analysis and description of, _Nordenskiöld_, xxvi, 387.

Pyrenees, geological notice of, ix, 23. ----, botany of, remarks on, xiv, 377.

Pyrites, arsenical, in New Jersey, v, 244. ----, copper, see under _Copper_. ----, iron, origin of, in fossils, xxviii, 293. ----, ----, occurrence of, in fossiliferous rocks, xxxi, 74. ----, ----, investing quartz, vegetable stalks, &c., _L. Lyon_, xii, 162. ----, ----, in a peat field, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 312.^f ----, ----, specific gravity of, xix, 388. ----, ----, cause of decomposition of, xix, 387. ----, ----, of Rossie, complex crystal of, xlvi, 36.^f ----, ----, in Connecticut, i, 316; v, 44; vii, 56; x, 13; xxxiii, 160. ----, ----, in Georgia, xxiv, 9. ----, ----, in Kentucky, iii, 233. ----, ----, in Massachusetts, viii, 54; x, 13, 18; xxii, 51. ----, ----, in Missouri, iii, 67. ----, ----, in New Hampshire, xviii, 129, 131. ----, ----, in New Jersey, v, 28. ----, ----, in New York, v, 12; xix, 224; xxv, 350; xxviii, 172. ----, ----, in North and South Carolina, iii, 3; v, 262; xli, 183. ----, ----, in Ohio, xvi, 156, 157. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, iv, 4; viii, 239; x, 222; xiv, 5, 6, 8, 13. ----, ----, in Vermont, i, 115; iii, 76, 326; vi, 245.

Pyrochlore, analysis of, _F. Wöhler_, xviii, 392; xliii, 35. ---- of Chesterfield, Mass., _J. E. Teschemacher_, xlviii, 395. ----, identical with microlite, _J. E. Teschemacher_ and _A. A. Hayes_, xliii, 33. ---- and microlite, not identical, _C. U. Shepard_, xliii, 116; xlviii, 177. ----, analysis of, xlvi, 163.

Pyro-citric acid, new, vii, 187.

Pyro-gallic acid, _J. Pelouze_, xxviii, 126.

Pyrogenic acid, new, xxxiv, 206.

Pyroligneous acid, ii, 340; v, 188; ix, 201. ---- ----, purified by animal charcoal, xiii, 175. ---- ----, medical use of, ix, 201.

Pyrometer, steam, _W. R. Johnson_, xxii, 96.^f

Pyromorphite, or phosphate of lead, _C. Kersten_, xxii, 307.

Pyrope at Brimfield, Mass., vi, 222.

Pyrophorus, explosion of, x, 366. ----, new, from tartrate of lead, ix, 207. ----, remarks on, _Gay Lussac_, xvii, 176. ----, new, _R. Hare_, xix, 173.

Pyrophyllite, xviii, 392.

Pyrophysalite, ix, 21.

Pyrotechny, history of, vii, 137. ----, _J. Cutbush_ on, ix, 173.

Pyroxene, see _Augite_.

Pyrrhite, xlvii, 340, 418.

Q.

Quackery, medical, iv, 390.

Quadrant, _T. Godfrey_, the inventor of, xxxv, 389.

Quadrupeds about Richmond, Indiana, xlvi, 244. ----, habits and anecdotes of, xlvi, 237, 243. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Quantity of matter, effect of, on affinity, xvi, 234.

Quarantine, high temperatures disinfecting and affording a substitute
for, _W. Henry_, xxi, 392.

Quartz, on certain cavities in, _W. L. Atlee_, xxxv, 139.^f ----, from Elba, containing water, iv, 27. ----, American, containing liquids, ii, 14; ix, 246; (and coal) xl, 83. ----, naphtha in, _C. Dewey_, i, 345. ----, soft crystal of, v, 394. ----, gelatinous, _Guillemin_, xiv, 391. ---- crystals, distorted, xlvi, 365^f, 366.^f ---- ----, in Canada, viii, 63. ---- ----, in Connecticut, i, 135; v, 41, 45; --(rose) i, 238; iv, 54; vi, 213, 251. ---- ----, in Maine, (smoky) xiii, 374; (rose) xviii, 297. ---- ----, in Massachusetts, i, 112, 113, 136; (rose) i, 116; vi, 247. ---- ----, in Missouri, iii, 67. ---- ----, in New Hampshire, (rose) xvii, 355; (smoky) xxxiv, 114. ---- ----, in New Jersey, ii, 197. ---- ----, in New York, i, 241; ii, 13; iii, 233; iv, 44; vi, 247; ix, 44. ---- ----, in North or South Carolina, iii, 5. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, i, 237; ix, 45; x, 222; xiv, 5. ---- ----, in Rhode Island, viii, 230; ix, 46; xl, 185. ---- ----, in Vermont, vi, 249. ---- ----, near Lake Superior, smoky and amethyst, vii, 48. ----, pseudomorphous, in Massachusetts, at Southampton, vi, 214; ix, 249; xii, 256. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 223. ----, imitated by steatite, in Massachusetts, v, 249; vi, 333; viii, 51. ----, ---- ----, in New Jersey, xxi, 320. ---- rock of western Massachusetts, viii, 16. ---- veins, origin of, _G. Bischof_, xlix, 396.

Quebec, cement of the Castle Rock, _F. H. Baddely_, xxviii, 367. ----, Literary and Historical Society, transactions of, xvii, 412; xxv, 211.

Queries, geological, proposed by the geologists of the New York State survey, xxxiii, 124. ---- relative to mineral veins, xxxiii, 135.

Quicksilver mines of Spain, xxviii, 17. ---- ---- of Idria, xxix, 219.

_Quinby, A. B._, investigations relative to the blowing machinery of blast furnace, xii, 128. ----, examination of the maximum and minimum effects of machines, xii, 346. ----, on crank motion, vii, 316^f; ix, 317; x, 203; xi, 335; xi, 338^f; xii, 344^f; xiii, 73, 356. ----, on pitchback and breast wheels, xi, 333. ----, on high and low pressure boilers, ix, 313.^f ----, on the spiral of Archimedes, ix, 316.^f ----, new demonstrations on the theory of the overshot water-wheel, ix, 304^f;

Quinine, preparation of, xlvii, 196. ----, remarks upon, xx, 52. ----, sulphate of, frauds in, x, 386. ----, ----, mode of detecting its adulteration with sugar, xiii, 400. ----, manufactures of, in France, xiv, 390.

Quinoline, xlvii, 196.

R.

Races of men, enumeration and characters of, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 342^f; xlvii, 206. ---- ----, stature of, xxii, 357. ----, Indian, of America, characteristics of, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 345, 347, 360^f; xlvii, 408. ---- of the Andes, ancient, xxix, 358. ----, Peruvian, characteristics of ancient and modern, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 361^f, 365.^f

Radiant heat, transmission of, _M. Melloni_, xxvii, 228. ---- ----, _B. Powell_, xl, 313.

Radiation of heat, _A. D. Bache_, xxx, 16; xxxiv, 39. ---- ----, apparatus for illustrating, xxviii, 320.^f

Radius of the earth, xxxi, 234.

_Rae, J._, balloon raised by solar heat, xxxiii, 196.

_Rafinesque, C. S._, progress of vegetation near Philadelphia, i, 77. ----, on atmospherical dust, i, 397. ----, on the genus Flœrkea, i, 373. ----, new species of grass, Diplocea barbata, i, 252. ----, Cylactis, Nemopanthus and Polanisia, three genera of New York plants, i, 377. ----, description of the Xanthium maculatum, i, 151. ----, new genus (Exoglossum) of freshwater fish, i, 155. ----, Mustela vulpina, new species, i, 82. ----, Scytalus cupreus, or copper headed snake, i, 84. ----, sponges on Long Island shores, i, 149. ----, notice of the works of, xxix, 393, 394. ----, ---- of zoological writings of, _S. S. Haldeman_, xlii, 280. ----, ---- of the Botanical writings of, xl, 221.

Railroads in Austria, xx, 174. ---- in the United States, extent of, _J. Henry_, xxxiii, 296. ----, Hudson and Mohawk, account of, _S. D. Bloodgood_, xxi, 141. ----, graduation of Mohawk and Hudson, xxi, 385.^f ----, Baltimore, method of clearing the snow from, xx, 166.^f ---- curves, _T. Gorton_, xxvii, 131.^f ----, elevation of, required for rails, over roads of a certain curvature, _J. Thomson_, xxii, 346.^f ----, inclined planes in the construction of, _J. Thomson_, xxiii, 107. ----, turnouts in, with flexible moveable rails, _T. Gorton_, xxviii, 248. ---- cars, rapidity consistent with safety, xxxv, 197. ----, improved method of constructing, xxxv, 318. ----, cast iron sleepers for, xxxv, 318. ----, resistance of air to trains of, xxxviii, 136. ----, atmospheric, xlix, 228. ---- tunnel, in Pennsylvania, xxix, 73.

Railways, vibration of, _Denham_, xxx, 382.

Railway iron, remarks on, _D. Mushet_, xxxiv, 15.

Rain, amount of, at different heights in the atmosphere, xxix, 354. ----, ----, in S. W. of Ireland, _T. Knox_, xlvi, 394. ----, ----, in the Ghâts of Western India, xxxviii, 103. ----, mean annual amount of, at Perth, Scotland, xl, 342. ----, excessive at Genoa and elsewhere, _J. D. Forbes_, xl, 326. ---- at Paris, in 1823, ix, 194. ----, register of, at Hudson, Ohio, _E. Loomis_, xli, 328; xlix, 282. ----, ----, at Montreal, 1836-1840, _J. S. McCord_, xli, 331. ---- at Westchester, Penn., amount for several years, _W. Darlington_, vi, 326. ---- ----, register for ten years, xiv, 29. ----, at New Fane, Vt., 1823, '24, _M. Field_, viii, 306. ----, tropical, iv, 375. ----, season of, in Columbia, South America, _R. Wright_, xxxvii, 2. ---- from a clear sky, instances of, xxxvi, 178. ----, _Rowall's_ theory of, xli, 40. ----, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 54. ----, red, i, 309. ----, ----, in Tennessee, _G. Troost_, xli, 403. ----, ----, ----, a hoax, xliv, 216. ---- of mollusca, xxx, 187. ---- of fish, xli, 40. ---- of grain, xli, 40. ---- water, contents of, xv, 181, 185. ----, see farther under _Meteorology_.

Rain-gauge, improved, _G. Chilton_, vii, 326.^f ----, conical, _S. De Witt_, xxii, 321.^f ----, used in New York state, xxv, 267.^f ----, globular, of _Robinson_, xlii, 159. ----, _A. D. Bache_, on the effect of deflected currents of air on the results with, xxxv, 287.

Rain-marks in sandstone, _W. Buckland_, xxxv, 308. ----, at Storeton Hill, _Cunningham_, xxxvii, 371. ---- in the new red sandstone of New Jersey, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315. ---- in the rocks of the Connecticut valley, _C. Lyell_, xlv, 394. ---- in the Connecticut valley sandstone, _J. Deane_, xlix, 213. ---- in the Potsdam sandstone, _E. Emmons_, xlv, 316.

Rainbow, different brilliancy of the primary and secondary, xxi, 379. ----, supernumerary, _A. C. Twining_, xxxii, 227. ----, accompanied with five supplementary bows, _D. Brewster_, xl, 344. ----, an acoustic, xxi, 381.

_Rainey, P._, on the dry-rot, xxxiv, 169.

Raining trees, notice of, xv, 170.

_Rains, G. W._, on the generation of statical electricity by the
electrical machine, xlix, 93.^f

Raleigh's tyfoon of 1835, xxxv, 210; xxxvi, 59.

Ram, hydraulic, iii, 381.

Rambles of a naturalist, xxv, 425.

_Ramond_, on the vegetation of the Pyrenees, xiv, 377.

Rana, species of, x, 52; xi, 273.

Raphael tapestries, effect of light and air in restoring the colors of,
xxxvii, 214.

Rapids, navigation of, vii, 175.

_Rask_, notice of, iv, 383.

Rat, pouched, of Canada, iv, 183. ----, mode of destroying, xxiv, 205.

Rational expression for sines, tangents and secants, _D. Gould_,
xxii, 392.

Rats, habits of, xlvi, 242.

Rattlesnakes, ii, 229. ----, curious facts respecting the bones of, _J. Green_, iii, 85. ----, disarmed by the leaves of the white ash, _S. Woodruff_, xxiii, 337. ----, ---- ibid, remarks on, xxx, 208. ----, cure for bite, iv, 61, 189. ----, Turman's snake root in North Carolina considered an antidote for the bite of, xlii, 43. ----, oil cure for the bite of, xliv, 95. ----, Crotalus durissus, xxiv, 176. ----, habits of, xlvi, 44.

_Rawson_, on fires in London, xxxv, 316.

Ray, solar, see _Light_.

_Ray, John_, some notice of, _C. Fox_, xxxvi, 223.

Razors, paste for, iv, 199. ----, method of sharpening, xxi, 165. ----, effect of cold on, xxvi, 189.

Record of General Science, _R. D. Thomson's_, noticed, xxviii, 365;
xxxii, 212.

Rectification of the ellipse, xviii, 38.^f

Red color in agates, xxxvi, 207. ---- ---- of marshes in the Mediterranean, xli, 193. ---- globules of blood related to Protococcus, xxxvi, 206. ---- rain, i, 309. ---- ---- in Tennessee, xli, 403. ---- ---- ----, a hoax, xliv, 216. ---- snow, x, 192. ---- ----, an animal production, _L. Agassiz_, xli, 64. ---- sulphur spring, Va., xxix, 96.

_Redfield, W. C._, on the storms of the Atlantic coast of the
United States, xx, 17;
--storm of September 3, 1821, 20;
exhibited in the form of a great whirlwind, 21;
tornadoes, generally, revolve on an axis of rotation and move with the
main currents, 22;
a consequent retrograde motion on one side of the axis and progressive
on the other side, 23.
----, storm of August, 1830, xx, 34;
second storm of August, 1830, 39;
storm of October 1, 1830, 41;
fall in the barometer due to the gyration of storms, 45.
----, on the hurricane of August, 1831, illustrating the position that
storms and hurricanes are gyratory in action, and move with the
general current of the region in which they occur, xxi, 191.
----, on the hurricanes and storms of the West Indies and the coast of
the United States, xxv, 114;
--uniformity of general character of; originate in tropical latitudes;
greatest energy towards their interior;
drifted by the prevailing atmospheric current;
velocity of progression, 114;
length of route;
local duration;
direction of the winds not the direction of progress, 115;
local directions and change of wind, 115, 116;
rotative motion from right to left in the northern hemisphere;
effect on the barometer, 117;
oscillation of the axis of rotation, 118;
Barbadoes hurricane of August, 1831, 119;
practical deductions for navigators, 119, 120;
storms of the China Sea similar to those of the West Indies, 121;
gyration in the southern hemisphere opposite to that in the
northern, 121.
----, facts in meteorology, xxv, 122;
--general view of the atmosphere and its currents, 123;
classification of storm-winds, 126;
whirlwinds and water-spouts identical, 127;
transport of volcanic ashes by upper currents, 128, 129;
barometer, 129, 130;
circuit currents of the Atlantic and Pacific, 130, 131;
cold polar currents flowing beneath the tropical, and carrying
icebergs into the Gulf Stream, 131.
----, irregularities in the tides at Tahiti and elsewhere suggest a
movement of the tide-wave from west to east in the higher latitudes
and the reverse in the lower, xxv, 132;
climate, as connected with atmospheric and oceanic currents, 133;
deserts due to the fact that aerial currents of the region are passing
from colder to warmer latitudes, 134.
----, synopsis of Meteorological Journal in New York city, for 1833,
'34, xxviii, 154;
--observed winds and cloud currents, 155;
cold of southwest winds in winter, 157;
barometric results, 157.
----, reply to _J. P. Espy's_ "Notes," xxviii, 310;
--tides at Tahiti, 311;
course of tide-wave in N. Atlantic, 313;
southwest wind of the Andes, 314;
correction of a barometrical inaccuracy, 315;
general atmospheric currents due to the earth's rotation and orbital
progression, as affecting the gravitation, 316;
greatest influence of heat shown in land and sea breezes, 317.
----, gales and hurricanes of the Western Atlantic, with a chart,
xxxi, 115;
--character of, and causes, 115-119^f;
hurricane of October, 1780, at Jamaica, showing the northwardly
progression of, 120;
hurricane of Barbadoes, October 10, 1780, 121;
Barbadoes, Sept. 3, 1835, 122;
rotatory scudding in hurricanes, 122;
routes of various hurricanes, 125-127;
Pacific systems of storms same as in the Atlantic, 128, 129.
----, relation of Gulf Stream to an opposite current on the N. American
coast, xxxii, 349;
--icebergs carried into the Gulf Stream by the deeper polar current,
351, 352;
(boulders of Labradorite at Cocksackie, 351;)
lower temperature on shoals and shores, due to the submarine current,
353.
----, meteorological sketches; on the atmosphere, currents, winds,
clouds, fogs, rain, hail, storms, water-spouts, whirlwinds, trade
winds, circuit winds, and land and sea breezes, xxxiii, 50;
--deserts, variations of the barometer, 261.
----, meteorological journal at New York, for 1837, with average results
for the preceding five years, including surface winds and cloud
currents, and barometrical observations, xxxiv, 373.
----, on the courses of hurricanes, xxxv, 201;
--tornado of 1835, 206;
tyfoons of the China Sea, 209;
Raleigh's tyfoon, 210^f;
Canton tyfoon of August, 1832, 217;
ibid of September, 1831, 218;
hurricanes of Asiatic Seas, 220;
law of atmospheric circulation, 222.
----, on columnar whirlwinds excited by fires, xxxvi, 50.
----, Raleigh's Tyfoon, xxxvi, 59.
----, meteorological register at New York city, for 1838 and 1839, with
the mean results for the last seven years, xxxviii, 323.
----, meteorological observations at St. John's, Newfoundland, and at
Canton, China, xxxviii, 265.
----, on the tornado of New Brunswick, and its whirling action,
xli, 69.^f
----, on the storm of Dec. 15, 1839, and general deductions on the
nature of storms, xlii, 112.^f
----, on the Providence tornado, with the evidence of its whirling
action, xliii, 263.^f
----, reply to _R. Hare's_ objections to the whirlwind theory of storms,
xlii, 299; xliii, 250.
----, reply to _R. Hare's_ strictures on H. W. Dové's essay on storms,
xliv, 384.
----, on tides, and the prevailing currents of the ocean and atmosphere,
xlv, 293.
----, on ancient polar currents, xliii, 152.
----, on drift deposits about New York, xliii, 152.
----, _Scoresby_ and _Buchan's_ observations on the temperature of the
ocean at different depths showing warmer waters below, xlv, 139.
----, healed waters at the bottom of an ocean not immediately diffused
by upward currents, xlv, 138.
----, on the effects of polar currents, xlv, 326.
----, on the drift period, the condition of the earth at the time and
attendant phenomena, xlvii, 120.
----, on the drift ice, and currents of the North Atlantic, with an
illustrative map, xlviii, 373.
----, visit to Essex Co. mountains, N. Y., and barometric measurements,
with a sketch of the northern sources of the Hudson, xxxiii, 301^f;
--see farther under _New York_.
----, on some American fossil fishes of the Connecticut valley and
New Jersey, xli, 24, 164; xliii, 172.
----, fossil fishes of New Jersey and Connecticut identical, xxxvi, 186.
----, fossil fish and footprints in the red sandstone of New Jersey,
xliv, 134.^f
----, on fossil fishes in New Jersey, xlv, 314.
----, fossil fish in Virginia, xxxiv, 201.
----, fossil footprints of Middletown, Ct., xxxiii, 201.
----, ---- ---- of Portland, Ct., xliii, 172.
----, ---- ---- in New Jersey, xliv, 134; xlv, 315.
----, ---- rain-marks in New Jersey, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315.
----, fossil shells of the Miocene, xli, 161.
----, notices of American steamboats, xxiii, 311.
----, on steamboat explosions, xxi, 190.

Refining, instructions on, xvii, 177.

Reflecting goniometer, xx, 158.

Refraction in the higher regions of the atmosphere, suggestions on, xii, 299. ----, curious lunar, x, 187. ----, extraordinary, in the diamond, xxxiv, 38.^f ----, double, its relation to the crystalline forms of minerals, _D. Brewster_, vii, 363. ----, ----, produced by pressure, _D. Brewster_, xxi, 296. ----, ----, cause of, in crystals, _D. Brewster_, xxi, 296. ---- of heat, xxviii, 366.

Refractive indices, theoretical computation of, _B. Powell_, xlii, 160. ---- ----, _B. Powell_ on, xxxviii, 107. ---- power of minute bodies, and its application to mineralogy, _A. Bryson_, xli, 54.

Refrigerating compound, see _Cold_.

Regents of the University of New York, Report of, xxii, 415; xxv, 258^f;
xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176.

_Regnault, V._, analysis of lithia mica, xxxvii, 356. ----, researches on the dilatation of gases, notice of, xliv, 63.

Règne Animal of Cuvier, American translation of, xxi, 388.

_Reid, W._, on the laws of storms, xxxv, 276. ----, work by, on storms, noticed, xxxv, 182.

_Reizet_, on determining the nitrogen in organic compounds, xlv, 267.

Reliquiæ Diluvianæ, of _W. Buckland_, viii, 150, 317; xi, 196; xviii, 393. ---- Baldwinianæ, xlvi, 192.

_Rennell, J._, notice of, xx, 304.

_Rensselaer, J. van_, ascent of Mount Blanc, ii, 1. ----, on the natural history of the ocean, v, 128. ----, notice of freshwater formations, vi, 381. ----, notice of an error in _J. Finch's_ paper on the Celtic antiquities of America, viii, 200. ----, on lightning rods, ix, 331. ----, geological lectures of, ix, 397; xii, 399. ----, on the fossil mastodon, xi, 246; xii, 380. ----, new Vesuvian minerals, xi, 250.^f ----, natural history of Orange Co., N. Y., xiii, 224. ----, fossil tooth of an elephant, xiv, 31. ----, on a larva, supposed to have passed from the bladder, xiii, 229. ----, temperature of the cities of Rome (Italy) and New York, xiii, 120.

_Rensselaer, S. van_, obituary notice of, xxxvi, 156. ----, notice of his survey in the district adjoining the Erie canal, viii, 195, 358.

Rensselaer school, travelling of, xviii, 200; xix, 151. ---- ---- flotilla, xviii, 200. ---- ----, incidents of, in 1830, xix, 153.

Rensselaerite, is steatitic pyroxene, _L. C. Beck_, xl, 77.

_Renwick, J._, longitude of New York, v, 143. ----, on a new mineral, viii, 192. ----, translation from the Astronomical Journal of Hamburgh, xvi, 225. ----, letter to, by _E. Sabine_, on the magnetism of the earth, xvii, 145. ----, treatise on the steam engine, review of, xx, 323. ----, Outlines of Geology, noticed, xxxiv, 183.

Repeating Theodolite, _F. R. Hassler's_, xvi, 252.^f

Report on Iron, by _J. H. Alexander_, xli, 376. ---- on herbaceous plants of Massachusetts, by _C. Dewey_, xli, 378. ---- on the quadrupeds of Massachusetts, by _E. Emmons_, xli, 378. ---- on insects injurious to vegetation, by _T. W. Harris_, noticed, xliii, 386. ---- on the invertebrata of Massachusetts, _A. A. Gould_, xli, 378. ----, fishes, reptiles and birds of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379, 393. ---- on the fishes of New York, by _J. E. Dekay_, reviewed, xlv, 275. ----, Geological, of Connecticut, by _C. U. Shepard_, noticed, xxxiii, 151. ----, ----, ----, by _J. G. Percival_, noticed, xliv, 187. ----, ----, of Indiana, by _D. D. Owen_, noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133. ----, ----, of Maine, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376. ----, ----, of Maryland, by _J. T. Ducatel_, noticed, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191. ----, ----, of Massachusetts, by _E. Hitchcock_, xxii, 1^f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384. ----, ----, of Michigan, by _D. Houghton_, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136. ----, ----, of New Hampshire, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27. ----, ----, of New York, annual, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227. ----, ----, ----, final, reviewed, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f ----, ----, of Ohio, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347^f; xl, 126. ----, ----, of Pennsylvania, by _H. D. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380. ----, ----, of Rhode Island, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xl, 182. ----, ----, of Tennessee, by _G. Troost_, noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187. ----, ----, of Virginia, by _W. B. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380. ----, ----, of Western States, _G. W. Featherstonhaugh_, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.

Reptiles, fossil, notice of _T. Hawkins's_ work on, xxvii, 413. ----, ----, notice of _R. Owen's_ report on, xlii, 328. ----, on the geological age of, _G. A. Mantell_, xxi, 359. ----, monograph on, _D. H. Barnes_, xi, 268. ---- of Connecticut, catalogue of, _J. H. Linsley_, xlvi, 37. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Resin, Maynas, xlix, 194. ----, guaiac, xlix, 194. ----, _J. F. W. Johnston_, xli, 53.

Resistance of the air to railway trains, xxxviii, 136. ---- of fluids, general principles of, _L. R. Gibbes_, xxvii, 135. ---- ----, _A. Bourne_, xxviii, 230. ---- ----, _G. W. Keely_, xxviii, 318^f; xxx, 164; xxxi, 111. ---- ----, _E. W. Blake_, xxix, 274; xxx, 359. ---- ----, _J. S. Russell_, xxix, 351; xxxv, 317.

Resisting medium, some of the probable effects of, _T. H. Perry_, xxxviii, 246. ---- ----, remarks on, xvii, 389. ---- ----, see farther, _Ether_.

Respiration, chemical process of, xii, 396. ----, _G. Magnus_, xxxv, 198. ----, on the office of nitrogen in, _L. C. Beck_, xviii, 52. ----, effect of deep, _G. C. Holland_, xxxiv, 28. ---- of oxygen, i, 95. ----, products of, at different periods of the day, _C. T. Coathupe_, xxxvii, 367.

Resuscitation from drowning, by oxygen, remarks on, _J. E. Muse_,
xvi, 250.

Retina, remarks on, _W. C. Wallace_, xxviii, 278.

_Revere, J._, on the crude sodas of commerce, xiv, 41. ----, on sheathing for ships, xvi, 180.

Review, see _Works_.

Revue Encyclopédique, notice of, ii, 164; iii, 392; viii, 385;
xviii, 184.
---- ----, notice of one of the monthly suppers commemorating the
establishment of, xviii, 184.

_Reynolds, W. G._, theory of meteors, i, 266.

Rhine, amount of water of, which passes Bâle, v, 392.

Rhinoceros, fossil bones of, ii, 145.

Rhode Island, geological survey of, _C. T. Jackson_, xl, 182. ----, coal of, x, 342; xi, 78; xii, 76; xl, 187.

Rhodium in gold from Mexico, xi, 298.

Rhomb spar in Massachusetts, vii, 255; x, 18.

Rhubarb, _G. W. Carpenter_, ix, 91. ----, observations on, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 33. ----, preparation of, vii, 385.

_Ribaucourt_, on peat, xv, 250.

Rice, how to boil, xxiii, 202. ---- paper, xxiv, 207.

_Rich, C._, effects of lightning on the packet ship New York,
xxxvii, 321.

_Rich, E._, project for reforming the English alphabet, xlvii, 420.

_Richardson, J._, on the Zoology of North America, xxxi, 343, 356, 376.

_Riddell, J. L._, new construction of the barometer, xxvii, 223.^f ----, a new mode of preserving plants, xxxv, 338. ----, on the geological features of Ohio, xxx, 394. ----, electro-magnetic engine, xxxv, 343.^f ----, Texas, Trinity country, xxxvii, 211. ----, on Hog Wallow Prairies, Texas, xxxix, 211.

_Riench's_ test for arsenic, medicolegal application of, xliv, 240.

_Rigg, R._, carbon a compound body, xlvii, 211. ----, Chemical and Agricultural Researches of, noticed, xlvii, 211.

Right angled triangles, expressions for sides of, xxiv, 68.

Rio Janeiro, meteorological register kept at, from 1832-1843,
xlvii, 290.

Ripple-marks in transition rocks, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxv, 248. ---- ---- in the rocks of the Connecticut valley, _C. Lyell_, xlv, 394. ---- ---- in the new red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 136. ---- ---- and mud furrows in rocks, _J. Hall_, xlv, 148. ---- ---- in New York, xxxvi, 46.

Rise of land, see _Elevation_.

_Ritter, T._, on Belmont anthracite, xii, 301.

_Rive, A. de la_, galvanic instrument by, v, 395. ----, present state (1833) of the principles of electricity, xxvi, 175. ----, on electro-magnetic currents, xxxiv, 6.

River McKenzie, xvii, 4. ---- Rhine, amount of water in, which passes Bâle, v, 392. ---- Mississippi, velocity of, vii, 174. ---- Copper Mine, xvii, 7.

Rivers, action of, xxi, 23.

_Rivero, de_, sketch of the mines of Pasco, xvii, 43.^f

_Robert, E._, visit to Iceland, xxxi, 167; xxxii, 196.

_Robertson, E._, on aerostation, xiv, 166, 325. ----, gold medal of the Geographical Society awarded to, xliii, 404.

_Robinson, S._, catalogue of minerals of, noticed, viii, 200; ix, 396. ----, localities of minerals, viii, 230. ----, notice of minerals, x, 225. ----, cabinet of minerals of, xiii, 199.

_Robison, I._, on the rising of the coast of Chili, in 1822, xxx, 110.

_Robison, J._, perfection of the art of photography, xxxvii, 183. ----, substitute for barometer, xxxv, 294.

_Robiquet_, on a new metallic dye, xxii, 197.

_Rochefoucald, Duc de la_, notice of, xiii, 167; xiv, 392.

Rochester, town of, ii, 252.

Rock crystal, see _Quartz_.

Rock, Paint, i, 67.

Rock, Putnam's, v, 37.

Rocks, _Brongniart's_ seven classes of, xxxix, 149. ----, _K. C. von Leonhard's_ arrangement of, xx, 182. ----, European, classification of, _H. T. De la Beche_, xviii, 26. ----, American, classification and characters of, _L. Vanuxem_, xvi, 254. ----, nomenclature and classes of, _A. Eaton_, xiv, 145^f, 359. ----, of America, equivalency with European, _A. Eaton_, xxxix, 149. ----, volcanic, characters and arrangement of the different kinds of, _G. P. Scrope_, xv, 28. ---- of the Connecticut valley, vii, 25. ----, joints in, a result of elevation, xxxi, 366. ----, supposed motion, without apparent cause, v, 34.^f ----, moving, of Salisbury, remarks on, v, 34^f; ix, 239. ---- moved by ice, _J. Adams_, ix, 136. ---- ----, _J. Wood_, ix, 144. ----, removal of, by the Saxicava, xlii, 326. ----, excavated basins in, about a fall in the Green Mountains, Vt., vi, 252. ----, blasting of, see _Blasting_.

Rocket, newly invented, v, 189.

Rocking stone, of Durham, N. H., _J. B. Moore_, vi, 243.^f ---- ---- of Hanover, N. H., xxiv, 185.^f ---- ---- of Roxbury, Mass., vii, 59.^f ---- ---- in Savoy, Massachusetts, ix, 27.^f ---- ---- in Rhode Island, x, 9.^f ---- ---- in Warwick, R. Island, vii, 201.^f ---- ---- in Putnam Co., N. Y., v, 252.^f ---- ---- raised by the Indians of America, vii, 157.

Rocksalt, see _Salt_.

Rockwell, C. H., analysis of kyanite, xlvi, 383. ----, analysis of meteoric iron of Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.

_Rockwell, S._, on spontaneous combustion, v, 201.

Rocky Mountains, geological observations on the northern termination of, xvii, 2. ---- ----, geology and meteorology west of, _A. Eaton_, xxv, 351. ---- ----, ibid, remarks on, _J. Ball_, xxviii, 1.

Rod, divining, iii, 102; xi, 201.^f

Rodentia, new species of, xxxi, 385. ----, see farther _Zoology_.

_Rodman, W. W._, new localities of minerals, xxxv, 179, 180.

_Rodriguez, P. J._, on comets, xvi, 94.^f

_Roger, T._, on the preservation of insects, xix, 213.

_Rogers, G. A._, method of manufacturing pot and pearl ashes, viii, 304.

_Rogers, H. D._, on the falls of Niagara, xxvii, 326.^f ----, Geology of the United States, notice of a memoir read before the British Association, xxviii, 74. ----, opinion on age of graywacke, opposed, xxxv, 243. ----, ibid, explanation concerning, _B. Silliman_, xxxv, 250. ----, on trap dikes in Pennsylvania, xli, 173. ----, ---- ----, crescent form of, xlv, 334. ----, on diluvial action, xli, 175. ----, Pennsylvania coal formation, xli, 177. ----, dip of new red sandstone, due to oblique deposition, xliii, 170. ----, dispersion of drift due to waves of translution from the north seas, xliii, 153. ----, on hydrated minerals, xlv, 147. ----, on the ancient temperature of the globe, xlv, 147. ----, Address before the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists, including a review of American geology and some branches of general geological dynamics, xlvii, 137, 247. ----, characters of some recent earthquakes, as bearing upon the dynamics of geology, xlv, 341; xlvii, 274. ----, paroxysmal undulations of the earth's crust, a cause of flexures of strata, xlv, 345, 346; xlvii, 276. ----, constitution of the atmosphere during the coal era, xlvii, 105. ----, first Report on the Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxii, 192. ----, second Report on Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxiv, 188. ----, third Report, ibid, xxxvii, 380. ----, fifth Report, ibid, xli, 385. ----, origin of the Appalachian coal strata, xliii, 178. ----, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359. ----, scratches, diluvial, in Pennsylvania, xliii, 180. ----, a new compound containing platinum, xxxix, 369.

_Rogers, J. B._, and _J. Green_, experiments with the elementary voltaic
battery, xxviii, 33.

_Rogers, J. B._, dolomite, a double salt, xli, 172. ----, analysis of meteoric iron, xliii, 169.

_Rogers, Moses_, Savannah steamer the first which crossed the Atlantic,
commanded by, xxxviii, 155.
----, ----, log-book of, preserved at Philadelphia, by the American
Philosophical Society, xl, 34.

_Rogers, R. E._, on limestones, xli, 171. ----, new instruments and processes for the analysis of the carbonates, xlvi, 346.^f

_Rogers, S._, letters on the manufacture of iron, xlii, 380.

_Rogers, W. B._ and _H. D._, experimental enquiry into some of the laws
of the elementary voltaic battery, xxvii, 39.^f

_Rogers, W. B._, analyses of shells, xxvi, 36. ----, apparatus for analyzing marl and carbonates, xxvii, 299^f; xlvi, 346.^f ----, on bimalate of lime in sumach, xxvii, 294. ----, self-filling syphon, xxvii, 302.^f ----, chlorine in meteoric iron, xliii, 169. ----, fossil footmarks, xliii, 173. ----, ores of zinc and lead in Virginia, xliii, 169. ----, oxide of tin in Virginia, xliii, 168. ----, on subterranean temperature, xliii, 176. ----, on the dip of strata, xliii, 171. ----, elevation and flexure of strata, theory of, xliv, 360. ----, proofs of diluvial agency, xliii, 181. ----, infusorial stratum, near Richmond, Va., xlv, 313. ----, ---- ----, in Maryland, xlvi, 141. ----, Virginia tertiary formations, xxxviii, 183. ----, coal of eastern Virginia, of the age of the lower oolite, xliii, 175. ----, natural coke, or porous anthracite of eastern Virginia, xliii, 175. ----, connection of thermal springs with anticlinal axes and faults, xliii, 176. ----, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359. ----, on chemical equivalents, xlvii, 105. ----, geological Report on Virginia, notice of, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

Roma, Campagna di, malaria of, xxii, 336. ----, manuscripts at, v, 385. ----, clergy and population of, ix, 186.

Roman aqueducts, xix, 389.

Romanzow's expedition across Behring's Straits, ii, 345.

Roofs of pasteboard, xxiv, 381.

Roofing with zinc, _A. Caswell_, xxxi, 248. ----, ibid, _L. D. Gale_, xxxii, 315. ----, slate, of Lebanon, N. Y., v, 11. ----, ----, in Vermont, v, 272.

Ropes, on the various vegetable materials for, xxi, 27; xxv, 330. ----, material for, from the Rose of Sharon, xxviii, 371. ----, from Manilla hemp, xli, 200.^f ----, strengthened by a solution of glue with oak bark, xxvi, 186.

Rosaic acid in urine, xvii, 385.

Rose of Sharon, fibres of, xxviii, 371.

Roses, preparation of oil of, xxviii, 383. ----, stearoptine of oil of, xxviii, 383.

_Rosé, G._, on the identity of Edwardsite and Monazite, xxxv, 249.

_Rosé, H._, on the new metals niobium and pelopium, xlviii, 400. ----, examination of columbite, xlix, 228.

Rosin, gas lights from, xxviii, 147. ----, bubbles blown in, ii, 179.

Rosse's great telescope, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221.

Rossie lead mines, xxxvi, 24; xlii, 174.

Rot, dry, _G. Gibbs_, ii, 114. ----, ----, P. Rainey, xxxiv, 169. ----, ----, J. T. Plummer, xlii, 197.

Rotary motion, instrument for illustrating, (rotascope) _W. R. Johnson_, xxi, 265.^f ----, multiplier, see under _Electricity_.

Rotascope, description of, _W. R. Johnson_, xxi, 265.^f

Rotation of the planet Venus, xxiv, 204.^f ----, of fluids, xxvii, 84.^f

Rotative piston, Cooper's, xvi, 313.^f

_Rothe, C. E._, remarks on the gold mines of North Carolina,
xiii, 201.^f

Rotting of timber in certain situations, xxxii, 380.

_Rowles_, evaporation of water under electrical insulation, xlvii, 190.

Royal George, state of preservation of, xl, 213. ---- Society, see _Society_.

Rubellite of Kingsbridge, ii, 366.

Ruby, fusion of, ii, 292.

Rudder, temporary, xiii, 371.^f

_Rue, W. de la_, structure of electro-precipitated metals, xlix, 390.

_Ruffin, E._, on calcareous manures, review of, xxx, 138.

_Ruggles, D._, notice of the region about Fort Winnebago, xxx, 1.^f ----, on the copper mines of Lake Superior, xlix, 64.^f ----, tides in the North American lakes, xlv, 18. ----, on a large trilobite, and Iowa coralline marble, xlix, 216.

Rumford, Count, biographical memoir of, xix, 28. ----, ----, sketch of the early history of, _J. Johnston_, xxxiii, 21.

Ruminants, follicular dentition in, xxxviii, 129.

_Rumker, C._, on currents in the ocean, xx, 180.

Rupert's drop, breaking of, xxv, 194.

Rural economy, v, 380; xiv, 391.

_Ruschenberger, W. S. W._, remarks on the barometer, and meteorological
observations on board U. S. ship Peacock, xxxiii, 345.
----, translation of _C. Bertero's_ list of the plants of Chili,
xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.

_Rush, B._, on the sugar of the maple, ii, 261.

_Russell, A._, on Statistical Enquiries, noticed, xxxix, 395.

_Russell, J. L._, on the cryptogamia of Chelmsford, xxxix, 183.

_Russell, J. S._, on waves, xxxiii, 283; xxxiv, 1; xxxv, 290. ----, substitute for mountain barometer, xxxv, 294.

_Russell's_ Planetarium, xlii, 400.

Russia, population of, iv, 389. ----, population and religion of, xv, 397. ----, religious toleration in, xvii, 192. ----, establishments in, v, 176. ----, extensive draining in, v, 393. ----, destruction of live-stock by wolves, xx, 177. ----, wood in, vi, 398. ----, steppes of, xvii, 23. ----, ----, salt, of Orenburg, xliv, 205. ----, Irkutsk, notice of, xvii, 27. ----, Okotsk, notice of, xvii, 30. ----, St. Petersburgh Botanic Garden, xx, 175. ----, libraries of, v, 177. ----, Yakutsk, notice of, xvii, 28. ----, gypsum in, xvii, 19, 21, 24. ----, salt of, xvii, 19. ----, mines, proceeds of, from 1818 to 1823, xii, 197. ----, mines of Nertchinsk, xvii, 34. ----, diamond mines, xix, 199. ----, copper mines at Ekatherinenburg, xvii, 25. ----, notice of gold mines of, ix, 183; xii, 384; xiv, 204; xvii, 25; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395; xlvi, 211. ----, mines of gold and silver, yield of, xvii, 406; xx, 402; xxi, 372. ----, mass of twenty-five pounds, xii, 384. ----, platina in the Ural, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395. ----, ----, large masses of, xlvi, 212. ----, iron founderies, improvements in, xxx, 181. ----, stone butter, a mineral product eaten in, xvii, 28.

Russian drinks, xi, 392. ----, leather, fabrication of, iv, 193. ----, universities, xx, 176.

Rust, preservation of iron from, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383. ----, means of preserving from, by caoutchouc, vi, 398.

Ruthenium, a new metal from the Ural, xvi, 384; xlviii, 401.

Rutile, in Connecticut, iv, 55. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 116, 134; v, 405; vii, 58; xii, 259; xx, 170. ----, in New Jersey, ix, 245. ----, in New York, xxi, 325. ----, in Pennsylvania, v, 41; xiv, 5, 14. ----, in Vermont, ix, 55.

Rye, ergot of, _Wm. Tally_, ii, 45.

S.

Sabal Adansoni, xxvi, 315. ---- hystrix, v, 293. ---- minima, v, 293.

Sabine, E., on the magnetism of the earth, and especially of the
Arctic regions, xvii, 145.^f

Saccharic acid, _Heintz_, xlviii, 193.

Saccharine juices, optical properties of, _Biot_, xxiv, 379.

Saco river, temperature of, xxxiv, 381; xxxvii, 389.

Saddle Mountain, Mass., viii, 3.

Safe, for provisions, xxx, 169.

Safety lamp, _H. Davy's_, xvii, 240. ---- ----, of _E. du Mesnil_, xxxviii, 115. ---- tubes, substitute for, xvii, 345.^f

Sagenaria, generic characters, vii, 180.

_Sager, A._, on American amphibia, xxxvi, 320.^f

Saguerus, a Sago palm, affording material for cordage, xxi, 36.

Sahlite, in Connecticut, vi, 225. ----, in New York, viii, 88.

Sailing, solution of a case in, xlvi, 79.

Sal-ammoniac, produced from the combustion of a coal bed, vi, 395.

Salamander, see under _Zoology_.

Salicine, xix, 204, 370; xx, 384. ----, mode of obtaining, xxi, 155. ----, properties of, xlix, 392.

Saliferous formation of the Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26. ---- ---- in New York, xxxix, 103. ---- ---- in Virginia, xli, 214.

Salina, salt works and springs of, xv, 6; xvi, 187; xix, 141; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103. ----, bromine in the brine of, xviii, 143.

Salines, see under _Salt_.

_Salisbury, E. E._, Dr. Lund on the occurrence of fossil human bones of the præ-historic world, xliv, 277. ----, abstract of J. Klaproth on the invention of the compass, xl, 242.

_Salisbury, S._, analysis of the Avon waters, xxxv, 188.

Salisbury, Connecticut, iron ores, ii, 212. ----, iron works, xix, 322. ----, geology and mineralogy of, viii, 252.

Salix ambigua, xlv, 35. ---- Cutleri, xlv, 36. ---- myrtilloides, xlv, 34. ---- phylicifolia, xlv, 35.

_Salmon, W._, biographical notice of, xxxvii, 121.

Salt, _J. Van Rensselaer_ on, vii, 360. ----, a mode of obtaining large crystals of, xvi, 397. ----, a remedy for animal poisons, xxi, 158. ----, gas in the cavities of, producing decrepitation, xix, 198. ---- storms, influence of, on vegetation, _J. B. Beck_, i, 388. ----, ibid, on animals, i, 394. ----, quantity of, in sea-water, _C. Daubeny_, xxxvi, 188. ----, marine, arsenic detected in, xx, 193. ---- infusoria, xli, 193. ---- beds, origin of, _L. Vanuxem,_ xii, 88. ---- manufactured by evaporation on faggots, x, 180. ---- in Asia, Tabriz, Lake Oroomiah, and of the great desert of Arabia, xxxvii, 350. ---- in Europe, annual yield of mines, iii, 371. ---- ----, in Russia, xvii, 19, 20. ---- ----, ----, steppe south of Orenburg, _R. I. Murchison_, xliv, 205. ---- ----, mines of Ischil, xxix, 225. ---- ----, in France, impurities of, xix, 178. ---- ----, mines in Cheshire, England, xxiii, 219. ---- in South America, on the plains of Tarapaca, _J. H. Blake_, xliv, 2. ---- ----, New Grenada, works of Zipaquera, _J. H. Gibbon_, xxxii, 89. ---- in North America, U. States, springs and deposits, _G. W. Carpenter_, xv, 1. ---- ----, New York, rocks and springs of, xv, 5, 6, 214; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103. ---- ----, ----, works of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228. ---- ----, ----, works of Salina and Syracuse, xv, 6; xix, 141. ---- ----, ----, manufacture of, xxxvi, 2. ---- ----, Pennsylvania, valley of the Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 71. ---- ----, Ohio, region of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46. ---- ----, ----, of the Muskingum valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 50; xxix, 26. ---- ----, ----, of Sundy Creek, xxix, 48. ---- ----, ----, mode of making the salt in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 54. ---- ----, ----, history of manufacture of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 117. ---- ----, in Virginia, and salt formation, xli, 214. ---- ----, ----, Kenawha valleys, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 51; xxix, 84, 113. ---- ----, ----, of the Holston, _C. B. Hayden_, xliv, 173. ---- ----, in Michigan, xxxiv, 192. ---- ----, in Kentucky, xxix, 140. ---- ----, in Texas, springs of, xxxvii, 213. ----, see farther _Springs, salt_. ----, theory of, xxix, 115. ---- marshes of the Mediterranean, red color of, due to a crustaceous animal, xli, 193. ---- radical theory, criticism on, _R. Hare_, xlv, 52, 247. ---- ----, ----, criticism on, _W. Gibbs_, xlvi, 52. ---- ----, ----, _R. Kane_, xlvi, 57.