Chapter M (6)

Sopwith's mode of constructing secretaries, xxxv, 317.

Sordawalite, x, 186.

Sorex, see under _Zoology_.

_Soubeiran, E._, action of chloride of lime on alcohol, xxiii, 134. ----, on the pulverization of calomel, xlvii, 193.

Sound, concentration of, xix, 190. ----, limits to the audibility of, xxii, 374. ----, effect of, on the barometer, xxx, 377. ----, reverberation of, and best buildings for hearing, xxix, 350. ----, velocity of, vi, 394; xvi, 390. ----, waves of, apparatus for illustrating, xlix, 20.^f ----, subterranean, x, 377. ----, ----, at East Haddam, Ct., xxxix, 336. ----, influence of, on the elephant and lion, x, 186.

Soundings, deep, in the ocean, by the French ship Venus, xl, 407.

Soups from bones, in France, x, 388.

South America, extracts from travels in, xxiv, 382.

South Carolina, Medical Institution and Journal, xii, 382. ----, geological notices of, iii, 1, 227.

South Seas, icebergs in, xxii, 200.

Southampton lead mine, Massachusetts, i, 136; vi, 201; ix, 166;
xii, 238^f; xxii, 57.

Southern Review, notice of, xiii, 383; xiv, 199. ---- Agriculturalist, xviii, 203; xxi, 182.

Space, planetary, _Fourier_ on the temperature of, xxxii, 1. ----, ----, _S. D. Poisson_ ibid, xxxiv, 57. ----, ----, idea of ether in, when introduced, xxxiii, 1. ----, ----, ibid, _R. W. Haskins_ on, xxxiii, 1. ----, resistance in, to the motion of the heavenly bodies, xvii, 389.

Spadiate, a new mineral, xlix, 394.

_Spafford, H. G._, on groves of evergreens, as screens for the garden, orchard, &c., xxii, 158. ----, on spontaneous combustion, xxii, 161.

Spain, difficulty of mineralogical excursions in, viii, 187. ----, yield of Rio Tinto mine of copper, xxviii, 144. ----, mines of Almaden, xxviii, 21. ----, extracts from a journal, on the mining industry of, _F. Le Play_, xxviii, 17. ----, Madrid, science in, xix, 194.

Spark extinguisher, xlii, 209.^f ----, electric, see _Electric_.

Sparks in the freezing of water by ether, _Pontus_, xxvi, 178.

Sparrows, number of caterpillars taken by, ix, 200.

Spatangus, see ZOOLOGY, _Radiata_.

Spathic iron, see _Iron, carbonate of_.

Specific gravity, considered as a mineralogical character, xvi, 260. ---- ----, on the means of taking, _R. Hare_, xi, 121.^f ---- ----, a new instrument for, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 263.^f ---- ---- of gases, a modification of the method for ascertaining, _R. Hare_, xvi, 293. ---- ---- ----, _T. Thomson's_ method of taking, ii, 362. ---- ---- of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and of the vapors of carbon, sulphur, arsenic and phosphorus, xxxv, 298. ---- ---- of various minerals, _A. Breithaupt_, xxxi, 268. ---- ---- of seawater, v, 129. ---- heat of the gases, notice of _de la Rive's_ and _Marcet's_ memoir on, xiii, 394. ---- ---- of certain solids, method of determining, xxvii, 267.

Spectacle glasses, manufactory of, xxvii, 80.

Spectrum, solar, see _Solar_.

Specula for telescopes, improvement in, xliv, 166.

Speculum, _Nasmyth's_ pneumatic, xxxviii, 107.

_Spencer, A._, vindication of claims, relating to the graphic art,
xliv, Appendix.

_Spencer, T._, on the electrotype and its use, xl, 157.^f

Spermaceti, composition of, products of distillation of, and oxidation of, by nitric acid, _J. Lawrence Smith_, xliii, 301. ----, moving particles in, when burning, xl, 148.

Sphene in Canada, viii, 76. ---- in Massachusetts, vii, 53, 254; xxiv, 397. ---- in New Jersey, v, 243, 244. ---- in New York, ix, 40, 41, 251, 402; xxi, 326. ---- in Pennsylvania, x, 220; xiv, 7, 18. ---- in Vermont, iv, 276.

Sphenophyllites, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Spherical trigonometry, elements of, xvii, 415.

Sphinges, North American, xxxvi, 282.

Spiders, mode of forming the web of, xviii, 165. ---- and spider-webs, _J. Edwards_, xxi, 109.^f ----, gossamer, xvi, 399. ----, snake suspended by, xxvii, 307.^f ----, see farther, ZOOLOGY, _Articulata_.

Spinel in New York, viii, 92; ix, 242, 251; xxi, 326. ---- in New Jersey, v, 244; ix, 245.

Spinning frame, Brewster's, x, 130. ---- machine, worked by mice, in Scotland, viii, 371.

Spiral of Archimedes, _A. B. Quinby_, ix, 316.^f ---- conductor, on the action of, _J. Henry_, xxviii, 329.

Spirits, evaporation of, iii, 376.

Spitzbergen, some account of, xvi, 144.

Spix and Martius, reception of, at Munich, iv, 383.

Spodumene in Massachusetts, vi, 225 and vii, 30 (called white Augite); viii, 120, 243; ix, 20; xiv, 220; xx, 170. ---- from Sweden, vii, 371.

Sponges on the shores of Long Island, _C. S. Rafinesque_, i, 149.

Spongia patera, or Neptune's goblet, _A. A. Gould_, xxxvi, 386.

Spongy platina, _Döbereiner's_ discovery and researches, vii, 387; xviii, 151. ---- ----, _J. Liebig_ on, xviii, 398. ---- ----, action of, prevented by certain gases, xxxi, 348. ---- ----, ----, _Kuhlmann_, xxxvii, 198.

Spontaneous combustion, instance of, iii, 383; v, 201; xxii, 161; xxvii, 178; xxxiii, 147. ---- ---- in wood ashes, _O. P. Hubbard_, xlii, 165. ---- ----, remarks on, _J. Mease_, xxxiii, 147, 199. ---- ---- of coal, xxxiii, 147. ---- ---- of linen, cotton, &c. with linseed oil, xxxiii, 148. ---- ---- of oatmeal, xxxiii, 150. ---- ---- of lampblack, xxxiii, 150. ---- ---- of horse-manure, xxxiii, 151. ---- ---- of coal, xxxiii, 200. ---- ---- of wood, xxxv, 144. ---- generation, remarks on the theory of, _C. A. Lee_, xxxix, 289.

Spots on the sun, first observations on, xxiv, 204. ---- ----, in 1825, connection of, with the temperature, xii, 199. ---- ----, in 1837, observations on, _D. Olmsted_, xxxiii, 393.^f ---- ----, heat of, _J. Henry_, xlix, 405.

Spring, monograph by, on the Lycopodiaceæ, xliv, 196.

Springs and fountains, on the origin of, _G. W. Long_, xvii, 336. ----, remarks on Mr. G. W. Long's paper on, xviii, 379. ----, geographical, geological and physical considerations on, _H. de Thury_, xviii, 267.^f ----, freshwater, _J. du Commun_, xiv, 174.^f ----, spouting fountain near Uncino, Naples, xxv, 194. ----, ibid, analysis of water of, xxv, 195. ----, acidulous or carbonated, New York, xxxvi, 8. ----, burning, Ohio, xlix, 406. ----, carburetted hydrogen, New York, xxxvi, 6. ----, ---- ----, in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 61. ----, chalybeate, at Litchfield, Ct., iii, 235. ----, ----, at Catskill, N. Y., iii, 236. ----, ----, remarkable, in Scotland, xx, 384. ----, hot, see _Springs, thermal_. ----, intermittent, near Pittsburgh, Pa., cause of, xlviii, 400. ----, mineral, _J. Anglada's_ deductions respecting, v, 187. ----, ---- water from Azores, analysis of, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxi, 94, 96. ----, ----, near Albany, _W. Meade_, xiii, 145. ----, ----, of Carlsbad, vii, 185. ----, ----, of Florida, xxxv, 51. ----, ----, in Illinois, xxxiv, 157. ----, ----, in Massachusetts, viii, 31; xxii, 47. ----, ----, of Cliff street, New York city, analysis of, _G. Chilton_, xviii, 346. ----, ----, of Saratoga and Ballstown, analysis of, _J. Steel_, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8. ----, ----, ----, iodine in, xvi, 216, 242. ----, ----, ----, high rock, description of, _J. N. Steel_, xvi, 341.^f ----, ----, ---- springs, bromine in, xviii, 142. ----, ----, ----, remarks on, with analyses, _J. F. Dana_ and _J. Steel_, xxxvi, 8. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, Bedford, xix, 97, 204. ----, ----, ----, Pittsburgh, analysis of, _W. Meade_, xiv, 124. ----, ----, in Tennessee, i, 66. ----, ----, in Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 214. ----, in Scott, Scott Co., Va., analysis of, _C. B. Hayden_, xliv, 409. ----, naphtha, in Old Assyria, xxxvii, 353. ----, in Persia, xxxvii, 354. ----, nitrogen, locality of, at Hoosick, viii, 31; xv, 234. ----, ----, Lebanon, viii, 21 xxxvi, 7. ----, on the formation of nitrogen in warm, _C. Daubeny_, xx, 383. ----, petrifying, in New York, xxxvi, 11. ----, pretroleum, in Kentucky, xxxix, 195. ----, ---- in the salt springs of the Ohio valley, xxiv, 63. ----, salt, origin of, _A. Eaton_, vi, 242. ----, ----, in Europe, Bavaria, emitting carbonic acid gas, _J. D. Forbes_, xxxv, 293. ----, ----, ----, of Montiers, in the Alps, and a peculiar mode of evaporation, _R. Bakewell_, xx, 219.^f ----, ----, ----, changes in, in Prussia, x, 193. ----, ----, in America, of Bear Lake and Northern America, xvii, 3, 5. ----, ----, ----, in Canada, viii, 73. ----, ----, of the United States, account of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xv, 1. ----, ----, ----, of New York, xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103. ----, ----, ----, ----, analyses of, _G. Chilton_, vii, 344. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Salina and Syracuse, _S. Smith_, xv, 6. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Salina, contain iron, xvi, 187. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Salina, bromine contained in, xviii, 143. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228. ----, ----, ----, of Pennsylvania, Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh, xxix, 71. ----, ----, ----, of Ohio, x, 5. ----, ----, ----, of Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26, 48. ----, ----, ----, of Indiana, xl, 135. ----, ----, ----, of upper Illinois, xxxiv, 157. ----, ----, ----, of Kentucky, xxix, 140. ----, ----, ----, of Michigan, xxxiv, 192. ----, ----, ----, of Virginia, i, 66. ----, ----, ----, ----, Holston, _C. B. Hayden_, xliv, 173. ----, ----, ----, ----, Kenawha, bromine and iodine in, xviii, 260. ----, ----, ----, ----, Kenawha, analysis of, xxiv, 66. ----, ----, ----, west of the Mississippi, iii, 27, 33. ----, ----, ----, of Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 213. ----, sulphur, in New York, ii, 15; xv, 235; xxxvi, 9. ----, ----, of New York state, _L. C. Beck_, xli, 162. ----, ----, of Avon, analysis of, _S. Salisbury_, xxxv, 188. ----, ----, near Massena, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., xix, 226. ----, ----, Buffalo, chemical examination of, xx, 156. ----, ----, along the Hudson, allusion to, viii, 31. ----, ----, Delaware Co., Ohio, xxxi, 73;--analysis of, 74. ----, ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 28. ----, ----, in Virginia, gray sulphur, analysis of the water of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxx, 100. ----, ----, ----, white sulphur, xxix, 94. ----, ----, ----, red sulphur, xxix, 96. ----, ----, in Indiana, i, 133. ----, ----, on the St. John, Florida, xxv, 170. ----, ----, of Florida, xxxv, 51. ----, ----, of Texas, xxxvii, 215. ----, sulphuric acid or sour, in New York state, xv, 238; xxxvi, 10. ----, thermal, _K. von Nidda's_ classification of, xxxvi, 255. ----, ----, of volcanic regions, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 254. ----, ----, deposits from, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 259. ----, ----, causes of, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 253. ----, ----, connection of, with volcanoes, xxxvii, 53. ----, ----, of the Azores, iv, 261. ----, ----, boiling, near the Akhoor river, xxxvii, 349. ----, ----, ----, of Iceland, iv 370; xxxvi, 255. ----, ----, in Asia Minor, xxxvii 372. ----, ----, baths of Tiflis, Georgia, xxxvii, 349. ----, ----, of the Pyrenees and Alps, xxxvi, 253; xxxvii, 58, 61. ----, ----, in the bed of the Rhone, xxiv, 201. ----, ----, of North America, notice of, _C. Daubeny_, xxxvi, 88. ----, ----, of United States, Arkansas, xxxiii, 202. ----, ----, ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 28. ----, ----, ----, in Virginia, i, 66. ----, ----, ----, in North Carolina, iii, 117. ----, ----, ----, in Missouri, iii, 29. ----, ----, ----, of Suannee and elsewhere, Florida, _C. U. Shepard_, xxv, 165. ----, ----, ----, of Georgia and Florida, remarkable, _C. U. Shepard_, xxv, 168.

_Sproat, A. D._, proposed reform of orthography, xxxix, 197.

Spruce timber, strength of, xix, 228.

_Spurzheim, G._, memoir of, xxiii, 356. ----, works of, xxiii, 406.

Squamaria rubina, notice of, xxxix, 183.

Square numbers, analysis of, _A. D. Wheeler_, xxv, 87.

Squirrels of North America, description of, xxxvii, 290. ----, larvæ of Estrus in, xlvi, 244.

St. Lawrence, geology of the valley of, xlvi, 314.

St. Croix, geological character of, xxxv, 64.

_St. Fond, F. de_, obituary notice of, ii, 352.

St. Gall, society for encouragement of industry, vii, 381.

St. Michael, geological structure of, iv, 251.

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., minerals of, xix, 220; xxv, 346. ----, geology of the valley of, _C. Lyell_, xlvii 314.

St. Petersburgh Academy, xxii, 203.

St. John's river, xxxv, 48.

Stachys aspera, iv, 65.

Staining of wood, iii, 166.

Stalactites, artificial, in a brewery, Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 307. ----, in New York, xxv, 347. ----, in Ohio, i, 133. ----, lava, of Hawaii, xvi, 350.

Stanleya amplexifolia, v, 297.

Stars in Lacaille's Cœlum Australe Stelliferum, remark on the reduction of, xxxviii, 94; xl, 310; xliii, 368. ---- in Lalande's Histoire Céleste, remark on the reduction of, xxxviii, 94; xl, 312; xliii, 367. ----, catalogue by the Royal Astronomical Society of London, in progress, xl, 312. ----, on the revision of the nomenclature of, _F. Baily_, xl, 310. ----, nomenclature of, to be revised by a committee of the British Association, xxxviii, 94. ----, extension of the Astronomical Society's catalogue, xxxviii, 95; xl, 312. ----, report of a committee from the British Association for revising the nomenclature of the stars, xl, 310; xlii, 147; xliv, 158; xlvi, 389. ----, ---- ibid, on catalogue, &c., xl, 310; xliii, 368. ----, British Association, catalogue of, completed, xlvi, 389. ----, number and order of, xv, 76. ----, missing, xxxvii, 373; xl, 406. ----, double, remarks on, xv, 76. ----, ----, motion of, xxxvii, 373. ----, twinkling of, remarks on, v, 156; xv, 360. ----, sixty-one Cygni, parallax of, xxxvi, 200. ----, aberration of, _F. G. W. Struve_, xlvii, 91. ----, ----, _B. Hallowell_, xv, 360. ----, observations on the lunar occultations of certain, xxxviii, 177. ----, shooting, see _Shooting Stars_.

Starch, chemical researches on, _J. B. Caventon_, xiii, 393. ----, notice of a memoir on, by _Guibourt_, xxiv, 371. ----, preparation of sugar from, xx, 195.

Starved rock, Illinois, xxxiv, 145.

State's Prison of Connecticut, in an old copper mine, iii, 222.

Statical electricity, generation of, _G. W. Raines_, xlix, 93.^f

Statistics, in Asia, of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274. ----, in Europe, price of labor and subsistence in, xxxvi, 176. ----, ----, value of mineral productions of, xxxi, 369. ----, ----, France, books published in, xviii, 185. ----, ----, ----, of crimes, xxviii, 80. ----, ----, ----, ---- of infants, xix, 192. ----, ----, ----, for Paris, 1819, iv, 376. ----, ----, ----, population, number of clergy, &c., xv, 397. ----, ----, Wirtemberg, xx, 176. ----, ----, Netherlands, University of, xviii, 182. ----, ----, Great Britain and Ireland, xxxv, 315. ----, ----, ----, of population, xxiv, 211; xxviii, 80. ----, ----, ----, of crimes, xxxviii, 135. ----, ----, ----, of crime in Liverpool, xxxiv, 33. ----, ----, ----, of fires in London, xxxv, 316. ----, in Russia, population, iv, 389; xv, 397. ----, in Africa, Egypt, vi, 389. ----, in America, West Indies, of deaths in the white troops, xxxvii, 197. ----, ----, of trade between U. States and Great Britain, xxxiii, 277. ----, ----, United States, of iron, xxii, 179. ----, ----, ----, New York, of population, manufactures, &c., xx, 147. ----, in New Zealand, of changes of population, xxxv, 315. ----, books of memoirs of 1833, xxviii, 295. ----, list of communications presented to British Association, at the tenth meeting, xli, 65. ----, of agriculture, importance of collecting information on, xxxviii, 135. ----, points of enquiry suggested by _Malthus_, xxviii, 66.

Statistical tables of Massachusetts, xxxiv, 213. ---- Society of London, number of members, xxviii, 80. ---- ---- ----, notice of Journal of, xxxvii, 189. ---- ----, of New York, xxxii, 202. ---- ----, of Boston, xxxix, 395. ---- societies in the United States, on the establishment of, xxxi, 186.

Statue of Luther, v, 181. ---- of Cuvier, xxx, 184.

Stature, human, law of increase in, _M. Quetelet_, xxii, 376.

Staurotide macle, _C. T. Jackson_, xlvi, 368.^f ----, in Canada, viii, 62. ----, in Connecticut, i, 353; ii, 205; v, 36. ----, in Maine, x, 17. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 436; v, 268; vi, 24, 219; viii, 40. ----, in New Hampshire, v, 40, 271; vi, 219, 245; (Mink pond) xviii, 127, 128. ----, in New York, i, 435. ----, in Pennsylvania, ix, 45. ----, in Rhode Island, ix, 49. ----, in Vermont, vi, 219.

Steam, a conductor of electricity, remarks on, xxvi, 206. ----, table of the elastic forces of, _Dulong_, xix, 181. ----, ratio between the elastic force and temperature of, xxviii, 363. ----, maximum elasticity of, xxxvi, 242. ----, power of, xiii, 180. ----, production of, from heated iron, _W. R. Johnson_, xxi, 71^f ----, properties of, xx, 326, 329. ----, specific gravity of, at different temperatures, xxxviii, 137. ----, electricity from, xl, 383. ----, rapid production of, in contact with highly heated metals, _W. R. Johnson_, xix, 292; xx, 308, 418. ----, agent in volcanic action, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 241. ----, destruction of vermin in ships by, xvii, 390. ---- pyrometer, _W. R. Johnson_ on, xxii, 96.^f ---- navigation, ii, 342, 347. ---- ----, letters on, _J. Smith_, xxxv, 332; xxxvi, 133. ---- ----, Atlantic, _J. Smith_, xxxv, 160. ---- ----, to the Pacific, by the isthmus of Panama and the western coast of South America, xli, 358. ---- ----, in the Pacific, on the coast of Chili, xliii, 207. ---- ----, mechanism of waves, in reference to, _J. S. Russel_, xxxiii, 283. ---- ----, Journal, xxxviii, 205.

Steamboats, American, notices of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxiii, 311. ----, the first, on the western waters, xxxi, 1. ----, Burden's, in France, xxx, 174. ---- Babcock, _J. H. Patten_, xii, 115.^f ---- in 1819, between Stockholm and St. Petersburg, ii, 347. ----, at Stockholm, v, 379. ----, at Bordeaux, v, 381. ----, first on the Swiss lakes, vi, 385.

Steamboat, between Trieste and Venice, iv, 377. ----, on fuel for, xx, 133. ----, of iron, v, 396. ----, advantages of iron compared with wood, xxxix, 206. ----, protection of, from lightning, _A. Jones_, xxii, 106. ----, on extinguishing fire in, xli, 66. ----, propulsion of, by the trapezium paddle-wheel and screw, xlii, 336. ----, an economical, xx, 14. ---- explosions, list of, _W. C. Redfield_, xx, 336. ----, cause of explosion, and a safety apparatus, _A. D. Bache_, xx, 317.^f ----, safety of, _B. Silliman_, xix, 143. ----, means of safety in, _J. L. Sullivan_, xx, 1. ----, safety of, xxxiv, 35. ----, causes of explosion, in a review of J. Renwick on the steam engine, xx, 329. ----, precautions to be used against explosion, _J. Renwick_, xx, 329.

Steamboilers, on the explosion of, _J. Perkins_, xiii, 52. ----, ibid, _E. Hazard_, xiii, 56. ----, on the supposed collapse of, and mode of preventing explosions, _W. C. Redfield_, xxi, 190. ----, loss of life by explosions of, xx, 415. ----, explosions due to defective material, xxxv, 317. ----, premium for protection against explosions, xx, 178. ----, rules regarding, in France, ix, 203. ----, safety of, in France, xix, 202. ----, feeding of, vii, 378. ----, on fuel for, _B. Silliman_, xx, 133. ----, use of American coal for, xlix, 310. ----, the galvanoscope, a means of detecting a deficiency of water in, _C. G. Page_, xxxvi, 141.^f ----, on high and low pressure, _A. B. Quinby_, ix, 313. ----, hydrostat for supplying water to, _I. Doolittle_, xiii, 64.^f ----, incrustations within, prevented by potatoes, vii, 193. ----, protection of, by timber, xix, 176. ----, strength of cylindrical, _W. R. Johnson_, xxiii, 68.

Steam-engines, large, x, 170. ----, spark extinguisher for, xlii, 209.^f ----, in Great Britain, xv, 185. ----, the first at Glasgow, xii, 385. ----, economy of using highly elastic steam expansively, _J. Perkins_, xiii, 59.^f ----, _J. Perkins's_ method of applying his mode of generating steam to ordinary, vii, 332.^f ----, Perkins's new, vii, 111.^f ----, remarks on _J. Perkins's_ high pressure, xiii, 40. ----, power of Perkins's, ix, 206. ----, revolving, invented by Samuel Morey, i, 157.^f ----, on the revolving, of Morey, _I. Doolittle_, ii, 101.^f ----, _J. L. Sullivan_, ii, 106^f; v, 144. ----, Ward's alternating, iv, 90.^f ----, review of a treatise on, by _J. Renwick_, xx, 322.

Steamship, the Savannah, under Captain Moses Rogers, the first Atlantic,
1819, xxxviii, 155.
----, ----, log-book deposited with the American Philosophical Society,
xl, 34.

Steam generators of the steamboat Babcock, xii, 115.^f

Steam pump, Long's, xiv, 169.^f ----, some experiments with, xvi, 181.

Stearine, a compound body, _Lecanu_, xxviii, 361. ---- and elaine, vi, 377.

Stearoptine, of oil of roses, xxviii, 383.

Steatite, best in New England, xxxiii, 165. ----, uses of, xiii, 192; xiv, 376. ----, in Connecticut, i, 354; vi, 228; x, 12; xxxiii, 165. ----, in Maryland, v, 255; xxiv, 355; xxvii, 20. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 113, 138; vi, 228; ix, 54; xxii, 31; --Middlefield, ii, 236; iv, 274; v, 249; viii, 50, 51; x, 19; xxvii, 382; xxxiii, 165;--Groton, xxvii, 341. ----, in New Hampshire, at Orford, xxxiii, 165. ----, in New Jersey, at Sterling, ix, 245. ----, in New York, xix, 225; xxv, 347. ----, in Pennsylvania, viii, 236; xiv, 18. ---- quarries in Rhode Island, viii, 227, 231. ----, in Vermont, v, 272; vi, 228; vii, 58; xxviii, 370; xxxiii, 165. ----, crystallized, (pseudomorphous) at Middlefield, _C. Dewey_, iv, 274; v, 249; vi, 334 (analysis); viii, 51. ----, hornblende pseudomorphs, analysis of, _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 35.

_Steel, J. H._, notice of a report by, on the geology of Saratoga Co., N. Y., v, 203. ----, notice of Snake Hill and Saratoga lake, and its environs, ix, 1.^f ----, description of the high rock spring, at Saratoga, xvi, 341.^f ----, iodine in the Saratoga waters, xvi, 242. ----, on swallows, xix, 356. ----, analysis of the Saratoga and Ballstown waters, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8. ----, oolite of Saratoga, and state of New York, ix, 16.^f ----, on chrysoberyl, iv, 37.

Steel, on the cutting of, by soft iron, _H. Daggett_, vi, 336. ----, ibid, _B. Silliman_, vii, 342. ----, on the cutting of, by soft iron, note on, vii, 390. ----, ibid, x, 127, 397. ----, Clarke's, xvii, 113. ----, Damascus, v, 182. ----, American, xix, 175. ----, engraving on, iii, 353. ----, on the fabrication of, at Sheffield, Yorkshire, xix, 182.^f ----, manufacture of, xvii, 111. ----, ----, by cementation, xix, 182. ----, prevention of, from rusting, vi, 398; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383. ----, silicium in, iv, 376. ----, tempered, action on, of soft iron in motion, ix, 324; x, 127, 397. ----, blistered, xv, 374. ---- blades, P. Bradier's, vi, 395. ---- plate, menstruum for biting-in on, x, 194. ---- plates, colored, xvii, 376.

_Stein, W._, on lithia in a blowpipe test, xlviii, 193.

_Steinhauer, H._, remarks on trap, ii, 232.

Steinheilite, iv, 377.

Stellarota, _Pettengill's_, xvi, 363.

Stellite, Bergen Hill, N. J., xl, 69. ----, ----, analysis of, xliv, 54; xlvi, 35. ----, ----, remarks on, xlvi, 379.

_Stenhouse, J._, detection of kinic acid, xlix, 391. ----, on the silvering of glass, xlix, 398.

Steppes, Russian, xvii, 23.

Stereoscope, xxxv, 295.

Stereotyping, invention of, xvii, 161.

Stereotype, soft iron used for, xxvi, 192. ---- printing, original document on, _C. Colden_, and a letter by _B. Franklin_, xxiv, 319.

_Sternberg, Count K._, notice of, xxxvii, 125.

Sternbergite, xv, 386.

_Steudel, E. T._, Nomenclator Botanicus, notice of, xl, 174; xli, 373;
xlii, 377.

_Stevelly, J._, on clouds, wind and rain, xxxviii, 105. ----, on filling barometers, xxxviii, 109.

_Stewart, C. S._, notices of the volcano Kilauea on Hawaii, xi, 363;
xx, 229.

_Stickney, B. F._, on native lead and cinnabar, ii, 170. ----, on the supposed discovery of cinnabar in Michigan, xxxvii, 185.

Stigmaria, generic characters of, vii, 180.

Stigmariæ and Sigillariæ, xlix, 227.

Stilbite, in Canada, viii, 65. ----, in Connecticut, i, 135; vi, 224; xxxv, 179. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 115. 134; vi, 224; vii, 254. ----, in New Jersey, ii, 191, 192, 195; v, 239; xliv, 59.^f ----, in New York, v, 399; vi, 365; ix, 41, 402; xliv, 59. ----, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 346. ----, from New Holland, xxxix, 161.^f

Still for gin, of large size, xix, 394.

Stilpnomelane, xviii, 392.

_Stilson, W. B._, geology and mineralogy of a part of Indiana, i, 131.

Stockholm, steamboats at, v, 379.

Stones, moving, in lakes and ponds, _N. Chipman_, xiv, 303. ----, building, contraction and expansion of, by variations of temperature, _W. H. C. Bartlett_, xxii, 136.^f ----, experiments on the strength of various, _E. Hodgkinson_, xliv, 169. ----, of memorial and sacrifice, vii, 153. ----, lithographic, see _Lithographic_. ----, boulder, see _Boulders_. ----, meteoric, see _Meteorites_.

Stonesfield slate, marsupial fossils of, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228.

Stoneware of Baltimore, xxvii, 11.

Storax, oil of, xlix, 392.

_Storer, D. H._, report of the curators of the Boston Society of Natural History, xxxii, 364. ----, review of the "Natural History of the Fishes of Massachusetts," xxxvi, 337. ----, on the Carcharias obscurus, xxxviii, 195. ----, on the Emys Blandingii and a Syngnanthus, xxxviii, 195. ----, on the Squalus elephas, xxxviii, 197. ----, fifteen species of Ohio fishes, xxxviii, 392. ----, two species of Ray, xxxviii, 396. ----, fishes and reptiles of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379. ----, on Bell's British Reptiles, xxxix, 185. ----, account of several fishes, xxxix, 378. ----, on Indian Cyprinidæ, xli, 92. ----, a new species of torpedo, xliv, 213; xlv, 165.^f ----, notice of Dekay's report on the fishes of New York, xlv, 275.

Storm, see under _Wind_.

Stratford, Vermont, copperas manufactory of, iii, 326.

_Strait, H._, on aerial navigation, xxv, 15.^f ----, theory of the bellows, xxvii, 88.^f ----, application of the principle of the balance in milking, pumping, churning, washing, fulling, &c., xxvii, 92.^f

_Stratton, T._, on ground ice, xl, 407.

Straw, Leghorn, viii, 378. ----, ----, on the cultivation of, xxii, 363.

Strength of stones and other materials, _E. Hodgkinson_, xliv, 168.

Striæ on rocks, see _Scratches_.

_Strickland, A._, on Ardea alba, xxxv, 311.

_Strickland, H. E._, silurian strata of Asia Minor, xxxiii, 95.

Strobilus caryophyllus, xxxi, 32.^f

_Strode, T._, on a siliceous petrifaction from North Carolina, vii, 249.

Strokr, account of, xxxvi, 256.

_Stromeyer_, analyses of several minerals, vii, 368.

Stromnite, new mineral species, ii, 177.

_Strong, T._, a new method of obtaining the formulæ of the sines and cosines of the sum and difference of two arcs, i, 424.^f ----, solutions of diophantine problems, i, 426; xxxi, 156. ----, mathematical problems, ii, 54^f, 266.^f ----, demonstration of the binomial theorem, xii, 132. ----, solution of problems in fluxions, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67. ----, on capillary attraction, xviii, 70. ----, on central forces, xix, 46; xx, 65. 291; xxi, 66, 334; xxii, 132, 342. ----, motion of a system of bodies, xxiv, 40; xxv, 281; xxvi, 44. ----, on the parallelogram of forces, xxvi, 304; xxix, 345. ----, composition and resolution of forces and statical equilibrium, xxviii, 85. ----, theory of the variations of the arbitrary constants in elliptic motion, xxx, 248. ----, integration of one kind of differential equations of the second order, xlii, 273. ----, on the principles of virtual velocities, xlii, 66; xliii, 77.^f ----, on the first principles of the differential calculus, together with a new investigation of Taylor's theorem, xlv, 269. ----, new way of obtaining exponential and logarithmic theorems, xlviii, 36.

Strontia distinguished from baryta by means of chromate of potash, _J. L. Smith_, xxxvi, 183. ----, on the red color of the flame from, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 261. ----, test for, iv, 372. ----, action of, on animals, xiii, 178. ----, sulphate of, (celestine) Lake Erie, ii, 241; iii, 363; iv, 279, 324. ----, ----, analysis of, _G. T. Bowen_, iv, 324. ----, ----, ----, _Stromeyer_, vii, 369. ----, ----, of Presq'ile, Ohio, vii, 46. ----, ----, Detroit river, v, 40. ----, ----, in Canada, viii, 72. ----, ----, ----, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 104. ----, ----, in Sicily, viii, 205.

Strontianite in the United States, _E. Emmons_, xxvii, 182. ----, ----, notices of, xxvii, 363; xxviii, 174. ----, examination of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxvii, 183, 363.^f ----, from Freyberg, and Scotland, vii, 369. ----, analysis by _Stromeyer_, vii, 369. ----, in Sicily, viii, 205.

Strontium, mode of obtaining from a chlorid of, _R. Hare_, xxxvii, 267;
xxxviii, 115; xxxix, 362; xl, 296.^f

Structure of rocks, a result of elevation, _W. Hopkins_, xxxi, 365. ---- ----, schistose often a result of crystallization, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 105.

_Struder, B._, on erratic blocks, xxxvi, 325.

_Stuart, J._, localities of minerals, vi, 249.

_Stuart, M._, exposition of the first chapter of Genesis, review of,
xxx, 114.

Stucco for walls, xxiv, 206.

Sturgeon, spoonbill, of the Ohio, notice of, xii, 201.^f

_Sturgeon, W._, miscellaneous notices of remarkable results, in heating and decomposing by galvanism, xxxix, 28.^f ----, annals of electricity by, noticed, xxxii, 213. ----, remarks on galvanic batteries, xxxix, 35.

Sturm's auxiliary functions, on the relation of, to the roots of an
algebraic equation, _J. J. Sylvester_, xlii, 163.

Stuttering, cured, v, 382.

Styrole, xlix, 392.

Submarine explosion, ii, 94.

Subsidence of southern part of Sweden, _Nilsson_, xxxiii, 102. ---- of the coast of Greenland, xxx, 379. ---- about Canaan Mountain, N. Y., v, 15. ---- and elevation, modern, xxxiii, 97. ----, areas of, in the Pacific, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 131.^f ----, evidences of, in Great Britain, xxxiii, 97.

Subsistence in continental Europe, price of, xxxvi, 176.

Substitutions, theory of, as connected with the allotropism of chlorine,
xlix, 346.^f

Subterranean forests, xxi, 23. ---- galleries, locust wood used in, xxx, 182.

Succinic acid, xlvii, 196.

Sugar, a means of preserving fish, viii, 391. ----, new acid from, xlvii, 196. ----, barley, crystallization of, xix, 177. ----, from beets, vi, 388. ----, ---- ----, manufacture of, promoted in France, xi, 396. ----, ---- ----, amount manufactured in France, xv, 394. ----, ---- ----, _Girardin_, xxiii, 392. ----, diabetic, analysis of, _T. Thomson_, xxxv, 298. ----, ----, xlix, 200. ----, from maize, xxx, 174; xxxi, 163; xliv, 215. ----, from mangle wurtzel, xxxi, 345. ----, maple, manufacture of, _J. Locke_, ii, 258. ----, in sweet potato, xv, 285. ----, from rags, saw-dust, ii, 347. ----, preparation of, from potato starch, xx, 195; xxi, 284; xl, 216. ----, ----, ---- ----, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 284. ----, from wood sawings, &c., xl, 216. ---- cane in Colombia, at great heights on the Andes, xxxvii, 16.

Sugar Loaf Mountain, Mass., scenery of, vii, 9.

_Sullivan, J. L._, notice of the revolving steam engine, i, 157^f; ii, 106^f; v, 144. ----, new means of producing heat and light, i, 91.^f ----, means of producing safety in steamboats, xx, 1. ----, description of a steamboat, xx, 14. ----, improvement in steam boilers, xx, 10.

_Sullivant, W. S._, description of three undescribed plants from Ohio,
xlii, 49.

Sulphacetic acid, _Melsens_, xlviii, 193.

Sulphates, new series of double, xlviii, 189, 190. ----, decomposed by organic matters, xviii, 147.

Sulphur, atomic weight of, xlviii, 402; xlix, 203. ----, properties of, xv, 189. ----, experiments on the cooling of, xvi, 216. ----, density of the vapor, xxiii, 383; xxxv, 298. ---- in assafetida, xv, 185. ---- in granite, vii, 56. ---- in volcanoes, origin of, _C. Gemellaro_, xxviii, 293. ---- in Connecticut, vii, 56; viii, 259; x, 12. ---- in Massachusetts, i, 114; viii, 53. ---- in New York, iv, 250. ---- in Pennsylvania, i, 237. ---- in Sicily, viii, 210. ----, use of, in rheumatism, ix, 169. ----, effects of excessive use of, viii, 394. ----, piercing of hot iron with, viii, 182. ----, carburet of, decomposed by weak electric action, xviii, 153. ----, two chlorides of, xxiii, 382. ----, bichloride of, _F. Chevet_, xlii, 71. ----, hydruret of, _L. J. Thenard_, xxii, 351. ---- acid, new, xlvii, 191. ---- spring, see _Spring_.

Sulphurets of the metal, new method of precipitating, xlvii, 193.

Sulphuretted hydrogen gas in the state of New York, xv, 235. ---- ----, condensation of, to a liquid, _M. Faraday_, vii, 354. ---- ----, solidified, _M. Faraday_, xlix, 377. ---- ----, injurious effects of, xviii, 160.

Sulphuric acid, anhydrous, new mode of forming, xii, 200. ---- ----, ----, Mosander's mode of preparing, xxviii, 360. ---- ----, on a new process for, practiced in Germany, _T. G. Clemson_, xx, 347.^f ---- ----, new process for, _Provostaye_, xl, 214. ---- ----, action of, on alcohol, xvi, 267. ---- ----, ----, on oil of sassafras, _R. Hare_, xxxi, 285. ---- ----, crystallization of, vi, 186. ---- ----, crystallized hydrates of, xx, 384. ---- ----, decomposed and not evaporated, on an incandescent metal, xxii, 365. ---- ----, manufacture of, at Glasgow, x, 360; xli, 48. ---- ----, tension of, xlvii, 191. ---- ---- and sulphate of iron, remarks on, xii, 387. ---- ----, action of, on hydrocyanic acid, xviii, 146. ---- ----, ----, with oil of hemlock, xxxvii, 246. ---- ---- and arsenious acids, a new compound of, xli, 47. ----, ----, produced by the Aix waters, xix, 176. ----, ----, native, xv, 238. ----, ----, in the Rio Vinagro, x, 191.

Sulphurous acid gas, a mode of obtaining, xxviii, 360. ---- ---- decomposed by iodine in alcohol, xi, 392. ---- ----, reaction of the essential oils with, xxxi, 281. ---- ----, a mode of liquefying, ix, 195. ---- ----, liquid, vii, 353; xvii, 166; xxxv, 374. ---- ----, solid, xlix, 376. ---- ether, xxxi, 275.

Sumach, bimalate of lime in, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvii, 294.

Summer, Indian, xii, 120; xxvii, 140. ----, ----, on the cause of the peculiar aspect of the air in, xviii, 66. ----, ----, _L. Foot_ on, xxx, 8.

Sun, a blue, seen at Bermuda, xl, 323. ----, singular appearance of, xxi, 198. ----, a supposed change by the rays of, in an elementary substance, _J. W. Draper_, xlvi, 390. ----, first observation of the spots on, xxiv, 204. ----, connection of spots on, with the temperature, xii, 199. ----, ----, November, 1837, _D. Olmsted_, xxxiii, 393.^f ----, heat of spots on, _J. Henry_, xlix, 405.

Sunderland cave, vii, 19.

Sunsets, autumnal, influence of the great lakes on, _W. Gaylord_, xxxiii, 335.^f ----, ----, in the West, _C. Dewey_, xxxviii, 151; xlii, 200.

Surgical operation, extraordinary, iii, 372.

Survey of the coast of the United States, by F. R. Hassler, plans and methods in, xvi, 225. ---- ---- ibid, under A. D. Bache, xlix, 229. ----, land, in the United States, mode of conducting, _E. F. Johnson_, xix, 131. ----, geological, see _Geological_. ----, canàl, in New York, xxiv, 19.^f

Surveying, an improvement suggested by _E. Wright_, xxii, 74.^f ----, field, improvement in, xxiii, 37.^f ---- instruments, on their improvement, _L. Lyon_, xiv, 268.^f

Surveyor's compass, improvements in, _T. Kendall_, xix, 337.^f

Sus, species of, see _Zoology_.

_Sussex, Duke of_, notice of N. Bowditch by, xxxvi, 214.

Sussex County, England, number of fossils of, xxiii, 171.

Sussex County, N. J., minerals of, _S. Fowler_, xxi, 319. ---- ----, mineralogy and geology of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxi, 321.^f

_Swaim, J._, electro-meteorological observations, xxxii, 304.^f

_Swainson, W._, Zoological Miscellany of, noticed, iii, 392. ----, Naturalist's Guide of, noticed, viii, 183. ----, new Zoological illustrations, xvi, 386. ----, Exchanges in Entomology, xxvii, 386. ----, on the monocardian animals, notice of, xxxix, 389.

Swallow, barn, _S. Woodruff_, xix, 172. ----, ----, _J. N. Steel_, xix, 356.

Swan, American, description of, xxii, 83.^f

Sweden, population of, in 1816, 1817, 1818, ii, 347. ----, botany of, v, 180. ----, elevation of, xxix, 363. ----, gradual elevation of, _C. Lyell_, xxviii, 72, 387. ----, subsidence of southern part of, xxxiii, 102.

Swedish Journals, xxix, 375.

_Swift, P._, on the temperature of the sea, xviii, 191.

Switzerland, jurisprudence in, iii, 379. ----, schools of, vi, 391; xii, 191; xiii, 397. ----, anniversary of the Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, vii, 381. ----, thunder-storms in, xx, 178.

Syenite and amygdaloid of Salem, Mass., iii, 232. ---- of Massachusetts, along the Connecticut valley, vi, 28. ---- in western Massachusetts, viii, 10. ---- of Pennsylvania, viii, 236.

Sympathetic ink, xviii, 148.

Syphon, Buntem's improvement in, ix, 198.

Syphons, easy method of filling, _W. Foster_, xxviii, 268. ---- of glass, xxiii, 387.^f ----, improved, _R. Hare_, xxiv, 317.^f ----, self-filling, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvii, 302.^f

Syringodendron, generic characters of, vii, 180. ----, Kirtlandius, xxxi, 29.^f

Syrups, bleaching of, _Dumont_, xxiii, 346.^f

T.

Tabasheer, analysis of, xxx, 381.

_Taber, T._, practical remarks on gems, xxxviii, 61.

Taberd's Anamitic and Latin Dictionary, xl, 43.

Table Mountain, iii, 228.

Tabriz, earthquakes at, xxxvii, 351. ----, salt near, xxxvii, 350. ----, marble of, xxxvii, 355.

Tabular spar from the Bannat, analysis of, vii, 370. ---- ---- of Pargas, vii, 371. ---- ---- of Willsboro', N. Y., analysis of, _H. Seybert_, v, 113. ---- ---- in New York, v, 113; xiii, 198; xvii, 145. ---- ---- in Pennsylvania, xiv, 13.

Taconic mountains, character of, ii, 246; viii, 2, 8. ---- ----, geological section from, to Troy, _C. Dewey_, ii, 246. ---- system, remarks on, _D. D. Owen_, xlvi, 145. ---- ----, remarks on, _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 150. ---- ----, work on, by _E. Emmons_, noticed, xlviii, 394.

Tagua-nut, or vegetable ivory, xlix, 400.

Tails of comets, x, 395; xxxi, 142, 325; xxxiii, 5, 11; xxxviii, 35;
xl, 59; xlvi, 108.^f

_Talbot, H. F._, photogenic drawings, xxxvii, 169; xxxviii, 97. ----, improvement in the telescope, xliv, 166.

Talc from Chamouni, analysis of, xlvii, 216. ---- in Connecticut, x, 14. ---- in Maryland, xiv, 12; xviii, 79; xxiv, 355. ---- in Massachusetts, i, 113; ii, 236; iv, 54; vii, 55. ---- in New Jersey, v, 29. ---- in New York, i, 144; v, 29; xix, 227, 228. ---- in North Carolina, v, 259, 264. ---- in Pennsylvania, i, 237; viii, 239; x, 219, 221; xiv, 5, 6, 17. ---- in Rhode Island, vii, 254; viii, 227, 231. ---- in Vermont, iii, 76; iv, 54; v, 40.

Talcose slate of the Connecticut valley, vi, 26. ---- ----, the gold rock of the Carolinas, _A. Eaton_, xviii, 50.

Tannin, memoir on, _J. Pelouze_, xxviii, 124.

Tanning, application of chestnut wood in, _W. Sheldon_, i, 312. ----, new process of, i, 439; xxxv, 303.

Tantalite, see _Columbite_.

Tapestries of Raphael, revival of their colors, xxxvii, 244.

Tapir, fossil, at Darmstadt, xxvi, 218.

_Tappan, B._, on the boulders of primitive rocks found in Ohio, xiv, 291. ----, on the cannel coal of Ohio, xviii, 376. ----, description of some new shells, xxxv, 268.^f

Tar, used to afford light, i, 92. ----, used to work steam engines, i, 165.

Tarapaca, South America, account of the minerals of the province of,
_J. H. Blake_, xliv, 1.^f

_Tarlor_, observations on mining, xxxiv, 9.

Tartaric acid, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.

Taste, the seat of, xx, 180.

Taurus Mountains, xxxvii, 351.

Taxidermy, see _Preservation_.

Taxodon, _R. Owen_, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196.

_Taylor, J._, on Astronomy and Photography at Rome, xliv, 373.

_Taylor, R. C._, Indian mounds and earthworks in the form of animal effigies, principally in Wisconsin, xxxiv, 88.^f ----, model of the southern coalfield of Pennsylvania, xli, 80.^f

_Taylor, Steuben_, localities of minerals, vi, 245. ----, account of a rocking stone, vii, 201. ----, localities of minerals, vii, 253; viii, 225.

_Taylor, Stephen_, on salt in Virginia, xli, 214.

_Taylor, S_., ancient mounds and other remains in Iowa and Wisconsin,
xliv, 21.^f

_Taylor, W. C._, on change of population in New Zealand, xxxv, 315.

Taylor's theorem, _C. Bonnycastle_ on, xl, 42. ---- ----, new investigation of, _T. Strong_, xlv, 272.

_Tchihatcheff, P. de_, memoir on the geological constitution of the
Altai, noticed, xlix, 378.

Tea, composition of, _E. Peligot_, xlviii, 187. ---- plant of Upper Assam, _W. Griffith_, xl, 165. ---- in Brazil, iv, 377. ----, cultivation of, in Brazil, and on its introduction into France, _Guillemin_, xl, 167. ----, green, of commerce, observations on, _R. Warrington_, xlviii, 188.

Teahills of China, excursion to, xxxi, 194.

_Teale, T. P._, on the vermiform filaments of Actiniæ, xxxv, 311.

Technological Institutes, xii, 197.

Technology, Elements of, xvii, 198.

Teeth, phosphate of lime in, xxviii, 386. ----, _R. Owen_ on fossil, xxxv, 307; xxxviii, 127. ----, on the microscopic structure of, xxxviii, 134. ---- of the Lepidostei, on the microscopic structure of, _J. Wyman_, xlv, 359.^f ---- of shark, New Jersey, fossil, xxviii, 378.^f ----, see farther under _Fossil_.

Telegraph, Pearson's, iv, 314.^f ----, system for the United States, proposed, xxxii, 201. ----, Morse's electro-magnetic, xxxiii, 185.^f ----, ---- ----, experiments with, xlv, 390.^f

Telescope, notice of Barlow's refracting, xvii, 367. ----, Leon Lewenberg's, xxxviii, 379. ----, Rosse's, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221. ----, achromatic, Cauchoix's, xxii, 358. ----, improvements in, by J. Frauenhofer, xvi, 307. ----, notice of Holcomb's, xxiii, 403; xxvii, 185. ----, superior, of Lerebours, xvi, 302. ----, fourteen feet reflector, xxxv, 174. ----, improvement in, _H. F. Talbot_, xliv, 166. ----, on determining distances by means of, xlii, 164.

Tellurium, _J. J. Berzelius_ on, xxviii, 137. ----, in Connecticut, i, 312, 316; vi, 235. ----, an astronomical machine, _E. C. Leedom_, xlii, 338.^f

Temperament, musical, _A. M. Fisher_, i, 9^f, 176.^f ----, ----, _Jno. Farey_, ii, 65.

Temperance, _Oliver's_ address on, xxiv, 190.

Temperature, disinfecting powers of increased, _W. Henry_, xxi, 392; xxii, 111.^f ----, effect of clearing land on, xlvii, 237. ----, ---- of mountains on, in the winter, xlii, 159. ----, ---- of, on the distribution of fossils, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxv, 239. ----, ---- of, on geography of plants, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 221. ---- limiting the distribution of corals, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 310. ----, ibid, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 311. ----, in different geological epochs, xxxv, 240. ---- of different heights, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 52. ----, on the methods of ascertaining the mean, _W. M. Carpenter_, xliv, 50. ---- of October, not the mean temperature of the year, xxv, 260. ----, month giving mean annual, xlvii, 223. ---- of the planetary space, xix, 377; xxxii, 1. ---- of the earth, and of space, _Fourier_, xxxii, 1. ----, ibid, _S. D. Poisson_, xxxiv, 157. ---- of the terrestrial globe, xxvi, 10; xxxii, 1. ---- of the earth at different depths, remarks on, xxiii, 14; xxxiv, 36; xxxv, 293; xliii, 176. ---- ----, in deep mines, xxxv, 297; xl, 333. ---- ---- increasing with the depth, early experiments upon, by _Joel Lean_, xl, 332. ---- ---- at different depths, near Madgeburg, xxxvi, 203. ---- ----, interior of, _R. Patterson_, xxxvii, 357. ---- ----, variations of internal, producing elevations and depressions in the earth's crust, _C. Babbage_, xxvii, 408. ---- ----, oscillations of annual, extinguished at different depths in different rocks, xxxviii, 109. ----, supposed difference of, between the air and the earth, _W. M. Carpenter_, xliv, 50. ---- of elevation, xxv, 123; xxxiii, 52. ---- of wells and springs, xxxv, 379. ---- ---- in New York, xxxvi, 25. ---- ----, xv, 190; xli, 316; xlix, 272. ---- of the ocean, v, 129; xxv, 130. ---- of the sea at great depths, from Péron's voyage, xvii, 295. ---- ----, ibid, remarks on, xviii, 191. ---- ----, table of Forster's observations, xvii, 299. ---- ----, table of Irving's observations, xvii, 299. ---- ----, ----, xxiii, 10. ---- ---- at depths, by _Scoresby_ and _Buchan_, xlv, 139, 140. ----, extreme cold, extraordinary seasons of, _N. Webster_, xxviii, 183. ---- of the ground in Siberia, _M. Erman, Jr_., xxxvi, 205. ---- in Europe, of wells at St. André, xxxvi, 204. ---- ----, of the cities of Rome, (Italy) and New York, _J. Van Rensselaer_, xlii, 120. ---- ----, of a cavern near Montpelier, xxxvii, 73. ---- ----, at Perth, Scotland, mean annual, xl, 342. ---- ----, mean, of Inverness, xliv, 158. ---- ----, ----, of Plymouth, England, xxxiv, 20. ---- ----, cold, of winter of 1837, 8, in England, _J. Lindley_, xxxix, 18. ---- ----, of Malvern, in Worcestershire, _Addison_, xxxviii, 102. ---- ----, of the air in York Minster, xlii, 161. ---- ----, excessively hot, of July, 1825, in England and France, xi, 195. ---- of the eastern and western continents compared and explained, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 38. ---- of the United States, connection of, with the lakes and ocean, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 21, 23. ---- ----, isothermal, isotheral and isocheimal lines of, in America and Europe, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 18.^f ---- ----, on the forwardness of the spring in different parts, _J. Bigelow_, i, 76. ---- ----, cold extreme of the winter of 1825, 6, x, 399. ---- ----, ---- ---- of January, 1835, at different places in, xxviii, 177. ---- ----, heat extreme in 1824, in the Southern States, ix, 395. ---- ----, ---- ---- of the summer of 1825, various observations upon, x, 296, 297. ---- ----, mean, of the state of New York, in 1832, xxv, 259. ---- ----, ----, ibid, xlix, 179. ---- ----, mean, of Albany, N. Y., xxv, 260. ---- of the United States, extreme cold at Plattsburgh, N.Y., (1821) iii, 366; (1826) xi, 195. ---- ----, subterranean, in the mines of eastern Virginia, _W. B. Rogers_, xliii, 176. ---- ----, of the year 1839, as deduced from observations at Amherst College, _E. S. Snell_, xxxix, 36.^f ---- ----, mean, at Salem, Massachusetts, and Rome, in Italy, for thirty-three years ending in 1818, vi, 386. ---- ----, ----, at Marietta, Ohio, see _S. P. Hildreth's_ meteorological registers. ---- ----, extreme heat, at Cumberland, Md., July, 1838, xxxv, 190. ---- ----, observations at Hudson, Ohio, 1838-1840, _E. Loomis_, xli, 315. ---- ----, ---- ----, 1841-1844, _E. Loomis_, xlix, 271. ---- ----, cold on Lake Superior, ix, 395. ---- ----, of Lake Ontario, _C. Dewey_, xxxiii, 403; xxxvii, 242. ---- ----, of the Saco river, _J. M. Batchelder_, xxxiv, 381. ---- ----, relative, of the water of the Saco river, and the atmosphere for the years 1837 and 1838, _J. M. Batchelder_, xxxvii, 389. ---- ----, of wells at Hudson, Ohio, _E. Loomis_, xli, 316; xlix, 272. ---- ----, ----, New York state, xxxvi, 25. ---- ----, ----, _M. Field_, xv, 190. ---- register at Montreal, 1836-40, _J. S. McCord_, xli, 330. ---- of Colombia, and of the Pacific coast of S. America, _R. Wright_, xxxvii, 1. ----, mean, at Rio Janeiro, for 1832 to 1843, _J. Gardner_, xlvii, 291. ---- of air, see farther _Meteorological_.

Tempering of metallic wires and springs, xx, 393.

Temple of Jupiter Ammon, iii, 378. ---- of Serapis, changes of level in, _C. Babbage_, xxvii, 408.

_Ten Eyck_, account of a large electro-magnet, xx, 201.

Tennantite, _Hemming_, xxvi, 386.

Tennessee, geology of eastern, &c., i, 60, 214. ---- meteorite, fall of, at Nashville, xv, 358; xviii, 378. ---- ----, account of, xvii, 326; xviii, 200. ----, meteoric iron, _G. Troost_, xxxviii, 250; xlix, 336.^f ----, ---- ----, analysis, _C. U. Shepard_, xliii, 354. ---- gold region, xxiii, 1.^f ----, Geological Report of, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187. ----, mounds and caves in eastern, _J. H. Kain_, i, 428.

Tenorite, xlviii, 219.

Tephroite, xviii, 391.

Teratology, a French treatise on the elements of, noticed, xli, 374.

Terraces of the Connecticut valley, xxii, 214; xlvii, 98. ---- of the river Malbay, Lower Canada, v, 221. ---- of the Canadian Lakes, xlvi, 314. ---- of Lake Ontario, xxxv, 89; xxxvi, 40. ---- of Lake Huron, iii, 257. ---- of the Bay of Funda, xli, 55.

Terrestrial meridian, length of a degree of, xxxi, 222.^f

Tertiary of the Middle Rhine, _R. I. Murchison_ on, xlvii, 183. ---- of Cephalonia, _Hamilton_ and _Strickland_, xxxiii, 211. ---- formations in North America, essay on, by _J. Finch_, vii, 31. ---- of the Atlantic coast, United States, _T. A. Conrad_, xxviii, 104, 280.^f ---- epoch, elevation during, in the United States and California, xxxv, 245. ---- of Massachusetts, xxii, 36. ---- ----, of Martha's Vineyard, vii, 240^f; xxii, 36; xlvi, 318. ----, Hudson river formations, _J. Finch_, x, 227. ---- of Lake Champlain, xxxvi, 27. ---- of Ohio, xxxiv, 360. ---- formations of Virginia, _W. B._ and _H. D. Rogers_, xxxviii, 182. ---- of North Carolina, _D. Olmsted_, xiv, 231. ---- of the southern Atlantic states, _J. T. Hodge_, xli, 332. ---- shells of the United States, description of, _T. A. Conrad_, xxiii, 204, 339; xxviii, 109; xli, 344.^f ---- ---- ----, _I. Lea_, xxv, 413. ---- ---- ----, notice of, _E. Hitchcock_, xli, 246. ---- ---- ----, _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 254. ---- ----, remarks on a list of, _J. T. Hodge_, xli, 332, 343. ---- ---- of Maryland, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 422. ---- ---- from North Carolina, xxxix, 387. ---- ---- of Alabama, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 419. ---- ---- of the United States, mostly from Alabama, _H. C. Lea_, xl, 92.^f ---- infusoria, Virginia, xli, 214. ---- fossils, _Cuvier_ and _Brongniart_ on Deshayes' work on, xxiii, 196.

_Teschemacher, E. F._, analyses of guano, xlviii, 181.

_Teschemacher, J. E._, on the identity of pyrochlore with microlite, xliii, 33. ----, reply of C. U. Shepard to, xliii, 116. ----, remarks on uranium and pyrochlore, in reply to C. U. Shepard, xlviii, 395. ----, on the Elvella esculenta, xxxviii, 194. ----, on the minerals found at Charlestown, Mass., xxxviii, 194. ----, on plants from Blackstone river, xxxviii, 195. ----, on the Andromeda mariana, xxxviii, 196. ----, on fossil coals and madrepores, xxxviii, 197. ----, address by, before the Boston Society of Natural History, xli, 370. ----, on singular crystals of galena from Rossie, N. Y., xlvii, 417. ----, on the blowpipe characters of pyrrhite, xlvii, 418. ----, on the palatal tooth of the Ptychodus polygyrus, xxxvi, 380. ----, remarks on the origin of guano, xlvi, 203. ----, on the identity of Lincolnite and Heulandite, xlviii, 65.

Test for alkalies, flowers of the common mallows, a good, vii, 194. ---- liquor, the blue iris affords a good, v, 408. ---- paper of purple cabbage, xxvi, 210.

Tests for arsenic, see _Arsenic_.

Testacea, economical notice of some species of, xxxii, 53, 235. ----, see farther under ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Tetracaulodon, _R. Harlan_, xliii, 141. ----, xlv, 210. ----, _R. Owen_, xliv, 342.

Texas, lignite of, xxxvii, 216. ----, silicified wood of, xxxvii, 215. ----, hog-wallow prairies, notice of, xxxix, 211.

Thebaine, from opium, xxx, 379.

_Thenard, L. J._, system of Chemistry of, notice of, xx, 94.

_Thenard, P._, on the combinations of phosphorus and hydrogen, xlviii, 184. ----, on phosphuret of lime, xlix, 193.

Theodolite, Hassler's repeating, xvi, 252.^f

Theory of the universe, _P. E. Morin_, xxxi, 160.

---- of a resisting medium, examination of, xxxiii, 1.

Thermal spring, see _Spring_.

Thermo-electricity, xxv, 271; xxx, 181.

Thermo-electrical battery, _J. Locke_, xxvi, 214. ---- experiments on metals, _J. Locke_, xxvi, 381. ---- piles of Nobili, new, xxviii, 397.

Thermo-magnetism, a law of, regarding metals unequally heated, &c.,
_J. P. Emmet_, xxvi, 311.

Thermo-multiplier, _Nobili_ and _Melloni_, xxii, 370; xxiii, 185. ----, effects of, _M. Melloni_, xxiii, 381.

Thermometer, when invented, ii, 359. ----, theory of the construction of, _J. Adams_, viii, 121. ----, a new mode of graduating, _Skene_, xii, 397. ----, American manufactures of, vi, 371. ----, employed in finding the heights of mountains, xliv, 12. ----, or apparatus for measuring the expansion of solid bodies, _W. W. Mather_, xxx, 324.^f ----, differential, _W. Howard_, ii, 327.^f

Thermometric observations on solar and terrestrial radiation, at Montreal, 1838, _J. S. McCord_, xxxvi, 180, 182. ---- ----, see farther under _Temperature_ and _Meteorological_.

Thermopsis caroliniana, xliv, 80. ---- fraxinifolia, xliv, 81.

Thermoscope, new, xxii, 370.

Thermoscopic galvanometer, xxii, 370; xxxiii, 365.

Thetford, Vermont, copperas factory near, iii, 326.

_Thilorier_, liquid carbonic acid, xxxi, 402. ----, solidification of carbonic acid, xxxi, 163, 404.

Thimbles, manufactory of, in France, iii, 375.

Thomaite, a new mineral, xlix, 393.

_Thomas, D._, dip of the rocks in western New York, xviii, 375. ----, on coal formations in New York, xix, 326. ----, on physical climate, xix, 361. ----, Chrysomela vitivora, xxvi, 113.^f ----, on the American locust, xxi, 188. ----, specific characters of two species of Corydalis, xxvi, 114.^f ----, description of a new Ulmus, xix, 170.^f ----, on a new species of Liatris, xxxvii, 338.^f ----, on frogs and toads in rocks, xix, 167.

_Thomas, E._, improvements in the microscope, xix, 57.^f ----, improvements in the achromatic microscope, xx, 265.^f ----, obituary notice of, xxii, 380.

_Thomas, J._, transmission of galvanic light through metals of different
conducting powers, xxxiv, 205.^f

_Thompson, W. A._, facts relating to diluvial action, xxiii, 243. ----, account of marks on graywacke, xx, 124. ----, on the vitality of toads confined, xxv, 41.

_Thomson, Sir Benjamin_, obituary notice of, xix, 28;
xxxiii, 21.

_Thomson, C._, grave of, xxxv, 389.

_Thomson, J._, elevation of rails for roads of certain curvature, xxii, 346.^f ----, on inclined planes in the construction of railroads, xxiii, 107. ----, method of describing curves for arches, xxiv, 73.^f

_Thomson, J. B._, Elements of Geometry, by, noticed, xlviii, 210.

_Thomson, R. D._, on action of emulsin on amygdalin, xxxv, 302. ----, British annual of, noticed, xxxvii, 400. ----, on Parietin, xlix, 195. ----, Records of Science, noticed, xxviii, 365; xxxii, 212.

_Thomson, T._, native diarseniate of lead, xxxv, 297. ----, on diabetic sugar, xxxv, 298. ----, on galactin, xxxv, 303. ----, on cast iron, xxxiv, 21. ----, foreign substances in iron, xxxv, 302. ----, First Principles of Chemistry of, noticed, x, 162. ----, on light and heat, xx, 93. ----, Chemistry of Organic Bodies, noticed, xxxvi, 202. ----, on the non-existence of zirconia in Sillimanite, xlviii, 219. ----, analysis of Sillimanite, xlix, 396. ----, analysis of anthophyllite, xix, 359. ----, scientific medals of, xviii, 198.

Thomsonite, in New Jersey, xl, 69; xliv, 54. ----, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 345.

Thorium, a new metal, xvii, 381.

Thorn fence, x, 167.

Thracia, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Thrombolite, xlii, 386.

Thunder storms, see under _Wind_.

_Thury, H. de_, on springs and fountains, xviii, 267.^f

Thylacotherium, xxxvii, 228.

_Tiarks, J. L._, on the northern boundary of the Lake of the Woods,
xv, 41.

_Ticknor, G._, letter to, from Baron von Waltershausen, xlvii, 100.

Ticonderoga, walls of, iv, 49.