Chapter D (2)

Eudiometer, improved, _R. Hare_, ii, 312^f; x, 67^f; xii, 36^f; xxxvii, 383. ----, barometer gauge, _R. Hare_, xxxii, 280.^f ----, subsidiary, _R. Hare_, xv, 271.^f

Eudiometry, theory of action of nitrous gas in, _J. F. Dana_, vii, 338. ----, new mode, with nitric oxyd, and apparatus for, _R. Hare_, xv, 262-271.^f

Eupatorium huaco, xxiv, 279.

Europe, northern, rock formations of, xvii, 16. ----, physical geography of, _G. F. Schouw_, xxi, 127. ----, education in, see _Education_.

Eupyrchroite of Emmons, a phosphate of lime, _L. C. Beck_, xl, 77;
xlvi, 32.

Evaporation, mode of accelerating, ix, 203. ---- by means of bladders, xv, 392. ---- of ice, xvi, 390. ---- of spirits, iii, 376.

Excavations of basins or pot-holes by water, in the Green Mts., Vt.,
vi, 252.

Exhilarating gas, effects of, in two cases, v, 194.

_Exley, T._, specific gravities of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, vapors
of carbon, sulphur, arsenic, phosphorus, xxxv, 298.

Exogenites, vii, 179.

Exogyra, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Expansion of solid bodies, instrument for, _W. W. Mather_, xxx, 324.^f

Expedition, exploring, under L. Cass, ii, 178. ----, ----, U. States, under Lieut. Wilkes, U. S. N., officers of, xxxv, 192. ----, ----, ----, progress of, xxxvi, 195; xxxvii, 189, 398; xxxviii, 387; xxxix, 193. ----, ----, ----, discoveries of, in the Antarctic regions, xl, 394; xlix, 150. ----, ----, ----, return of, xliii, 208. ----, ----, ----, course and abstract of results, xliv, 393. ----, ----, ----, account of, xlix, 149. ----, ----, Antarctic, of the Chanticleer, notice of, xviii, 188. ----, ----, British Antarctic, under Ross, proposed, xxxvii, 397; xlii, 153; sailed, xxxviii, 204. ----, ----, French, to the Antarctic regions, xxxix, 201.

Explorations, polar, account of, xvi, 124. ----, ----, French, of Capt. Freycenet, iv, 391. ----, ----, ----, of Capt. D'Urville, xxxiii, 206. ----, ----, ----, ibid, to Antarctic regions, xxxix, 201. ----, ----, ----, of the Bonite, xxxiv, 219.

Exploring expedition, see _Expedition_.

Explosion, singular, iv, 400. ---- of hydrogen and oxygen, with remarks on Hemming's safety tube, _J. W. Webster_, xxxvii, 104. ----, from the action of nitric acid on phosphorus, xvi, 366. ----, submarine, ii, 95.

Explosive engine, by _S. Morey_, xi, 104.

Eye, mode of accommodation of, to different distances, _W. C. Wallace_, xxvii, 216.^f ----, mode of exhibiting the blood vessels of, xxi, 166. ----, muscle attached to the lens of, _W. C. Wallace_, xxxv, 291; --remarks on, _D. Brewster_, xxxv, 291. ----, cause of _muscæ volitantes_ in, _D. Brewster_, xl, 333. ----, remarks on the retina, _W. C. Wallace_, xxviii, 278. ----, sensibility of the retina, explanation of facts in natural magic, xxxiii, 258. ----, on cataract or disease of, _D. Brewster_, xxxi, 368. ---- of fishes, discovery of a muscle in, _W. C. Wallace_, xxvi, 394. ---- of the Halibut, dissection of, _W. C. Wallace_, xxvi, 393.^f ---- of the shark, vitreous humor of, _J. Herschel_, xxxv, 293. ---- of the streaked bass, dissection of, _W. C. Wallace_, xxvii, 216.^f ---- of different birds and reptiles, sclerotic bones of, xxxiii, 289. ---- infirmaries in U. States, ix, 399.

F.

Fac similes of writing taken by means of fusible metal, v, 186.

Fair at Leipsic, iv, 392; vii, 381. ----, in Russia, iv, 392.

Falls of the Cuyahoga, xxxi, 45.^f ----, on the Genesee river, xviii, 209.^f ----, Niagara and its vicinity, xi, 213.^f ----, ----, on the retrograde movement of, _H. D. Rogers_, xxvii, 326.^f ----, the Tockoa and Tallulah, in Georgia, notice of, _A. Foster_, xiv, 209. ----, on White River, Green Mountains, Vt., vi, 252.

_Faraday, M._, deflagrator, improved, xxxii, 170. ----, electric induction, in reply to _R. Hare_, xxxix, 108; xlii, 291. ----, ---- ----, reply to, of _R. Hare_, xli, 1. ----, gases, condensation of, vii, 352. ----, ----, liquefaction and solidification of, xlix, 373. ----, views of, on the nature of atoms, objected to, _R. Hare_, xlviii, 247. ----, vaporization, limits to, xxi, 151.

_Farey, J._, on musical intervals, ii, 65.

Fasciculite, _E. Hitchcock_, vi, 226.^f

Fata Morgana at Gibraltar, xxix, 215.^f

_Fauntleroy, R. H._, condition of equilibrium between living
and dead forces, xlvii, 241.^f

_Faust, E. D._, on the detection of adulterations of various substances,
xix, 70.

Favosites, see ZOOLOGY, _Radiata_.

Feathers, to restore damaged, xxi, 372.

_Featherstonhaugh, G. W._, geological report on part of the country west
of the Mississippi, notice of, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.

Febrifuge, new, xxiv, 375.

Fedia radiata, iv, 57. ---- umbilicata, xlii, 50.

Feed for cattle, xxii, 202. ---- ----, of beets, xxii, 201.

Fees for admission to various foreign societies, xx, 165.

Feldspar from Bytown, L. C., analysis of, _T. Thomson_, xxxi, 173. ----, and serpentine, containing titanium, xii, 187. ----, artificial, xxviii, 396. ----, localities of, in Canada, viii, 65. ----, ----, in Connecticut, i, 353; vi, 221; vii, 253. ----, ----, in Delaware, ix, 246. ----, ----, in Massachusetts, i, 113; vii, 251, 252; xxxv, 192. ----, ----, in New Hampshire, xvii, 355. ----, ----, in New Jersey, v, 246. ----, ----, in New York, iv, 37, 47; xix, 227; xxv, 348. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 220; xiv, 13. ----, green, in Massachusetts, vii, 251, 252; xxxv, 192. ----, iridescent, in Pennsylvania, xiv, 13.

_Fellenberg's, M. de_, colony of little Robinsons, xiii, 165.

Fence, thorn, x, 167.

_Fenn, H. N._, on the manufacture of glass, xvi, 112.^f

Fermentation, acetic, process for hastening, xxii, 195.

Ferns, on the vascular system of, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxv, 113.^f ---- and mosses of the United States, synoptical table of, _L. C. Beck_, xv, 287. ----, see _Botany_.

Ferro-cyanate (per), of iron, or prussian blue, xviii, 332. ---- ----, see _Prussian blue_.

Ferro-cyanate of potash, xviii, 331.

Ferro-cyanic acid, xviii, 330.

Fetid odor of limestones, cause of, _L. C. Beck_, xlv, 335.

_Feuchtwanger, L._, remarks on arsenic, xix, 339.^f ----, on the mode of making vinegar, xxxi, 272.^f

Fevers, on remittent and intermittent, _J. McCulloch_, xviii, 338.

Fibrine, albumen and caseine, _Scheerer_ on the isomerism of animal, with vegetable, xliii, 402. ----, butyric acid from, xlviii, 186.

Fibrolite, in Delaware, x, 224.

Ficoidites scabrosus, xxxi, 31.^f

_Field, M._, on the origin of ergot, ix, 359. ----, meteorological registers, xii, 364; xvi, 288; xviii, 366; xx, 261^f; xxii, 298; xxiv, 361. ----, profile mountain, in N. H., xiv, 64.^f

Figures of crystals, on the drawing of, _J. D. Dana_, xxxiii, 30.^f

Filicites, generic characters of, vii, 181.

Filter, _Dumont's_, and prepared charcoal, xxiii, 346.^f

Filtration, xxviii, 150.

_Finch, J._, atomic theory, remarks on, xiv, 24. ----, chemical equivalents, circular scale of, xviii, 196. ----, celtic antiquities of America, vii, 149. ----, forts about Boston, viii, 338. ----, geology of Pennsylvania, Easton, viii, 236.^f ----, ---- ----, vicinity of Westchester, xiv, 15. ----, ---- New York, St. Lawrence Co., xix, 220. ----, ---- ----, tertiary formations of the borders of the Hudson, x, 227. ----, sandstone, new or variegated, of the U. States, x, 209.^f ----, U. States tertiary formations, vii, 31. ----, physical geography, influence of, on the boundaries of nations, xiv, 18; xvi, 99.

Finland, comforts of traveling in, iii, 378.

Fire, Chinese, on the composition of, _J. Cutbush_, vii, 118. ----, Greek, _J. Cutbush_ on, vi, 302. ---- in chimneys, extinguishment of, by sulphur, xix, 186. ----, on protection from, or securing houses against, xxv, 290; xxvi, 286. ----, whirlwinds produced by, xxxvi, 50. ---- arms, manufacture of, by _E. Whitney_, xxi, 237.

Firebricks, made at Bennington, Vt., for the iron furnace, xxxii, 195;
xxxiii, 202.

Fire damp, chemical examination of, _E. Turner_, xxxvii, 201.

Firemen, preservation of, against fire by asbestos, xviii, 177;
xx, 96.^f

Firestones, used in glass manufactories, notice of, x, 19. ----, localities of, in the U. States, x, 20. ----, ----, in Rhode Island, viii, 232; x, 20; xl, 184.

Fish, double, _S. Churchill_, xxvi, 116.^f ---- of Hudson river, xx, 150. ----, Chinese method of hatching, viii, 381. ----, preserved by sugar, viii, 391. ----, fall of, from the atmosphere in India, _M. Prinsep_, xxxii, 199. ----, the limits of their occurrence in high latitudes, vi, 383. ----, removal from salt to fresh water, xl, 405. ----, see farther under _Zoology_. ----, fossil, remarks on, _R. I. Murchison_, xxxiv, 46. ----, ----, of England and Scotland, xxviii, 75. ----, ----, American, _W. C. Redfield_, xli, 24. ----, ----, ----, identified from fossil teeth, _L. Agassiz_, xxviii, 276. ----, ----, in the Connecticut valley, _E. Hitchccock_, vi, 76.^f ----, ----, ----, at Sunderland, Mass., _E. Hitchcock_, iii, 222, 365. ----, ----, ----, at Middletown, _D. L. H._, xxxiv, 198. ----, ----, ----, at Southbury, xxvii, 354. ----, ----, in New Jersey, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxvi, 186; xliv, 134^f; xlv, 314. ----, ----, ----, and Connecticut, identical, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxvi, 186. ----, ----, ----, in red sandstone, _Prof. Gale_, xxxv, 192. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, at Blossburg, Holoptychus nobilissimus, xlii, 233. ----, ----, in Virginia, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiv, 201. ----, ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Fishes, notice of _L. Agassiz's_ works on, xxviii, 193; xxxiv, 46, 212; xxxix, 390; xlv, 211. ----, abstract of _Agassiz's_ work on fossil, xxx, 33. ----, notice of W. Yarrell's British, xxxvii, 167.

Fish skins, new mode of preserving for museums, xxxvi, 196.

_Fisher, A. M._, on musical temperament, i, 9^f, 176.^f ----, on improvements in the construction of the printing press, and its theory, iii, 311.^f ----, on maxima and minima of two variable quantities, v, 82. ----, review of Enfield's Philosophy, iii, 125. ----, obituary of, v, 367.

_Fisher, Lieut. Col._, discourse by, at Schaffhausen, ix, 368.

Fissures, capillary action of, viii, 377. ----, of the ground by frost, in Deerfield, Mass., _E. Hitchcock_, iii, 286.^f ----, see farther, _Dike_.

Five, the most favorite number of nature, xvi, 172.

Flame, effect of vapor on, _J. F. Dana_, i, 401. ----, theory of, xiii, 179. ---- of lamp, curious effect of a current of air on, xxxii, 88.^f

Flax, the milkweed a substitute for, xxvii, 384.

Flexure of rocks caused by earthquake undulations, _H. D._ and
_W. B. Rogers_, xliv, 361; xlv, 345; xlvii, 276.

Flies, shower of, xxii, 375.

_Flint_, on earthquakes in the Mississippi, xv, 366.

Floating Islands, _A. Pettengill_, xii, 122.

Flœrken, on the genus, _C. S. Rafinesque_, i, 373.

Flood in the valley of the Ohio, Feb., 1832, xxiv, 133.

Flora Cestrica, _W. Darlington_, notice of, xii, 177. ---- Græca, _Sibthorp_ and _Smith_, announced, i, 435. ---- Lusitanica, _Link_ and _Hoffmansegg_, i, 435. ---- Neapolitana, _Tenore_, announced, i, 435.

Floral calendar, Massachusetts, at Deerfield, _D. Cooley_, ii, 254.
---- ----, ----, ----, _S. W. Williams_, i, 359.
---- ----, ----, at Plainfield, _J. Porter_, i, 254; iii, 273.
---- ----, Ohio, at Marietta, S. _P. Hildreth_, for 1829, xviii, 368;
--for 1840, xl, 347;
--for 1842, xliv, 348;
--for 1843, xlvi, 278;
--for 1844, xlviii, 289;
see farther, _Mr. Hildreth's_ meteorological registers for other
years, for various miscellaneous notices.
---- ----, in Pennsylvania, _C. S. Rafinesque_, i, 77.
---- ----, in New York, Herkimer Co., for 1826, 1827, _A. W. Bowen_,
xvi, 48.

Floridas, agriculture, scenery, geology, &c. of, _J. Pierce_, ix, 119. ----, shell rock of, ix, 123. ----, East, account of, _H. Whiting_, xxxv, 47. ----, ----, alligators of, xxxv, 52. ----, ----, climate, xxxv, 63. ----, ----, coral shores, xxxv, 60. ----, ----, everglades, xxxv, 53. ----, ----, forests with the gray moss, xxxv, 50. ----, ----, Fort Taylor, xxxv, 52. ----, ----, lagoons of the coast, xxxv, 54. ----, ----, mangroves, xxxv, 55. ----, ----, productions of, xxxv, 56. ----, ----, potato of, xxxv, 60. ----, ----, quarries of St. Augustine, xxxv, 61. ----, ----, savannahs, xxxv, 52. ----, ----, soil, xxxv, 57. ----, ----, St. John's river, xxxv, 48. ----, ----, sulphur springs, xxxv, 51.

Flour, potato, used in making bread, xvi, 391. ----, detection of, in wheat, xvii, 173. ---- from leguminous fruits, vii, 189.

Flowers, double, produced by depriving flowers of their anthers,
_E. T. Leitner_, xxiii, 45.

_Floyd, J._, hurricane near Calcutta, of April, 1838, xxxvi, 71. Fluidity of the earth's centre, _L. Cordier_, xv, 109, 117. ----, ----, ----, _Fourier_, xxxii, 1.

Fluids, compression of, xxi, 381. ----, revolving motion in, xix, 391. ----, resistance of, _L. R. Gibbes_, xxvii, 135. ----, ----, _A. Bourne_, xxviii, 231. ----, resistance of, _E. W. Blake_, xxix, 274; xxx, 359. ----, ----, _Russell_, xxix, 351. ----, ----, _G. W. Keely_, xxviii, 318^f; xxx, 164; xxxi, 111. ----, upward forces of, _E. C. Genet_, xi, 110, 339^f; xii, 94, 310; xiii, 377. ----, ---- ----, _T. P. Jones_, in reply to _E. C. Genet_, xiii, 79.

Fluor-spar, of Canada, viii, 71. ----, of Connecticut, ii, 141; v, 254; vi, 212. ----, of Indiana, (Shawneetown,) i, 52; ii, 176; iii, 243, 367. ----, of Massachusetts, i, 136; iv, 50; v, 405, 407; vii, 54. ----, of New Hampshire, xviii, 133, 291; xxxiv, 117. ----, of New Jersey, v, 246. ----, of New York, iii, 235, 367; xxviii, 176. ----, of Pennsylvania, x, 221; xiv, 5. ----, of Rhode Island, viii, 231; ix, 46. ----, of Tennessee, iv, 51. ----, of Vermont, iv, 43, 188; v, 272; vii, 59. ----, of Virginia, iii, 243; iv, 277. ----, of Sicily, viii, 205. ----, chlorophane variety in Connecticut, ii, 141; v, 254; vi, 212. ----, new phenomenon of color in, xxxv, 295.

Fluoric acid in mica, ii, 376. ---- ----, its application to etching glass, vi, 354.^f ---- ---- and fluates, xiv, 387.

Fluoride of iodine, _H. B. Leeson_, xlix, 205.

Fluorine in bones, notice of investigations regarding, xlvii, 419. ---- ----, _J. L. Smith_, xlvii, 131. ---- ----, source of, _J. L. Smith_, xlviii, 99. ---- in recent bones, _C. Daubeny_, xlviii, 186.

Fluxions, a theory of, _E. Wright_, xiv, 330^f; xv, 196; xvi, 53.^f ----, solution of a problem in, _T. Strong_, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67. (See _Forces_, next page.)

Fluxional ratio, application of, _E. Wright_, xxiv, 298^f; xxv, 93.^f

Flying in the air, _De Chabrier's_ views on, xix, 395.

Fogs, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 54. ----, on the formation of, _W. M. Carpenter_, xliv, 40. ----, polar, xiv, 378.

Food for sheep, different kinds of, xxiii, 393.

_Foot, L._, on Indian summers, xxx, 8. ----, notices in geology and mineralogy, iv, 35.

Footprints, American, _E. Hitchcock_ on, in Connecticut valley, xxix, 307^f; xxxi, 174; xli, 165; xlvii, 113, 292^f, 390; xlviii, 61. ----, ----, ----, general table of, xxxii, 174. ----, ----, ----, general review of, with descriptions of species, xlvii, 113, 304.^f ----, ----, ----, miscellaneous remarks upon, xlviii, 61. ----, ----, ----, reply to _J. Deane_, xlvii, 390. ----, ----, _J. Deane_ on, in the Connecticut valley, xlv, 178; xlvi, 73^f; xlvii, 381; xlviii, 158^f; xlix, 79^f, 213.^f ----, ----, ----, discovery of, xlvii, 381. ----, ----, ----, at Turner's falls, Mass., xlvi, 73.^f ----, ----, ----, batrachian, in the Connecticut river sandstone, xlix, 79^f, 213.^f ----, ----, ----, reply of, to _E. Hitchcock_, xlvii, 399. ----, ----, _C. Lyell_ on, in the Connecticut valley, xlv, 394. ----, ----, _W. C. Redfield_, notice of fossil, at Middletown, Ct., xxxiii, 201. ----, ----, ----, in new red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 134. ----, ----, _anon._, in sandstone at Middletown, Ct., xxxi, 165. ----, ----, _A. T. King_ on, in Westmoreland Co., Pa., xlviii, 217, 343^f; xlix, 216.^f ----, ----, _H. R. Schoolcraft_, on human, in limestone near St. Louis, v, 223.^f ----, ----, _anon._, remarks on ibid, xxxiii, 398. ----, ----, _D. D. Owen_, ibid, xliii, 14.^f ----, ----, _W. A. Adams_, ibid, xliv, 200. ----, foreign, in England, in Cheshire, (Cheirotherium,) xxxvi, 397; xliv, 370. ----, ----, ----, near Liverpool, xxxv, 307. ----, ----, ----, near Shrewsbury, xxxviii, 127. ----, ----, ----, of Cheirotherium, at the Storeton quarries, xxxvi, 394; xxxvii, 223. ----, ----, in Germany, at Hildburghausen, xxx, 191. ----, ----, in Saxony, _B. Cotta_, xxxviii, 255.^f ----, ----, in Scotland, xiv, 394; xv, 84. ----, remark on localities, xxxi, 164. ----, bearing of the discovery of Dinornis on, xlviii, 199.

Foraminifera in the green sand of New Jersey, xli, 213.

_Forbes, J. D._, absorption of light by the atmosphere, xlvi, 200. ----, on radiant heat, xl, 313. ----, polarization of heat, and on the claims of discovery, xl, 317. ----, Bakerian lecture, notice of, xlvi, 200. ----, Travels in the Alps, notice of, xlvi, 172.

Forces, central, of bodies revolving about fixed axes, _J. Martin_, xxxix, 262.^f ----, ----, _T. Strong_, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67; xix, 46; xx, 65, 291; xxi, 66, 334; xxii, 132, 342; xxiv, 40. ----, composition and resolution of, _T. Strong_, xxviii, 85. ----, parallelogram of, _T. Strong_, xxvi, 304; xxix, 345. ----, ----, _A. C. Twining_, xlvi, 324.^f ----, condition of equilibrium between living and dead, xlvii, 241.^f

Forgery, a mode of preventing, _J. Atwater_ and _S. S. Jocelyn_,
xv, 398.

_Forman, J._, salt formation of Salina and elsewhere, New York,
xix, 141.

Formic acid, artificial, vii, 197. ---- ----, on the production of, xix, 374. ---- ----, ----, _M. Döbereiner_, xxviii, 126. ---- ----, ----, _Göbel's_ observations on, xxviii, 127. ---- ----, utility of, and theory of its formation, _J. P. Emmet_, xxxii, 140.

_Forry, S._, on the climate of the U. States, and general distribution of heat over the globe, xlvii, 18^f, 221. ----, notice of a work on the climate of the U. States, by, xliv, 193.

_Forshey, C. G._, Indian mounds and relics near Natchez, xl, 376. ----, ---- ---- in Louisiana, xlix, 38.^f ----, on the meteors of April, 1841, xlii, 397.

Forts around Boston, _J. Finch_, viii, 338.

Fort Lawrence, account of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxxi, 57. ---- Macintosh, notice of, xxxi, 19. ---- Taylor, xxxv, 52. ---- Winnebago, geology of region about, _D. Ruggles_, xxx, 1.^f

Fortifications, ancient Indian, in Missouri, iii, 37. ----, ---- ----, _S. Taylor_, xliv, 35.^f ----, ---- ----, see farther under _Mounds_.

Fossils, means of copying by a galvanic deposit, xlii, 327. ----, use of, in geology, _A. Brongniart_, viii, 213. ----, observations, on ibid, _J. E. Doornik_, xv, 90.

Fossil fish, see _Fish_ and also under _Zoology_. ---- footprints, see _Footprints_. ---- vertebral remains in Connecticut valley sandstone, _E. Hitchcock_, xxix, 330. ---- trilobites, see under _Trilobites_. ---- rainmarks, see _Rainmarks_. ---- human bones in Upper Saxony, v, 171. ---- ---- ---- in Guadaloupe, skull, xxxii, 361. ---- ---- ---- in South America, xliv, 277.

Fossils, no freshwater species, in the Medina sandstone, xlii, 230. ----, American, geographical distribution of, in the United States, _J. Hall_, xlv, 157. ----, ----, remarks on ibid, _H. D. Rogers_, _D. Houghton_, xlv, 160. ----, ----, some species of, _T. Say_, i, 381; ii, 34. ----, ----, Polythalamia, _J. W. Bailey_, xli, 400^f; xlv, 313; xlviii, 340.^f ----, ----, in Alabama, tertiary, _I. Lea_, xxv, 419. ----, ----, ----, ----, _H. C. Lea_, xl, 92.^f ----, ----, in Canada, in caves, ix, 354. ----, ----, in Connecticut, bones in new red sandstone, ii, 146; iii, 247; vi, 43. ----, ----, in Connecticut valley, shells, &c., vi, 76^f, 80.^f ----, ----, in Georgia, silicified by thermal waters, xxv, 165. ----, ----, ----, mammals, Brunswick canal, _R. Harlan_, xliii, 141.^f ----, ----, ----, bones, _C. U. Shepard_, xxv, 164. ----, ----, in Kentucky, Big Bone Lick, bones, xviii, 139. ----, ----, ----, report on ibid, by Messrs. _Cooper_, _Smith_ and _DeKay_, xx, 370. ----, ----, in Louisiana, tooth, _W. M. Carpenter_, xlii, 390.^f ----, ----, in Maryland tertiary, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 422. ----, ----, in Michigan, on Lake Huron, iii, 270^f, 271.^f ----, ----, Mississippi, bones near the river, _R. Harlan_, xiv, 186. ----, ----, in New Jersey, general remarks on, vi, 240. ----, ----, ----, cretaceous. (See _Cretaceous_, on following page.) ----, ----, ----, corals, xlvii, 213. ----, ----, in N. York, in review of N. Y. geological reports, xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f ----, ----, ----, on distribution of, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 117. ----, ----, ----, in Kaatskill Mts., ii, 13. ----, ----, ----, at Corlear's hook, ii, 371. ----, ----, in North Carolina, marl pits, _H. B. Croom_, xxvii, 168. ----, ----, ----, bones, from Lenoir Co., xl, 405. ----, ----, in Nova Scotia, in iron ore, xv, 201. ----, ----, in Ohio, and Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 1.^f ----, ----, ----, microscopic from marl slate near Cincinnati, _J. Hall_, xlviii, 292. ----, ----, in Oregon, elephant bones and mylodon, _H. C. Perkins_, xlii, 136.^f ----, ----, in Virginia, infusorial, _J. W. Bailey_, xlv, 313. ----, ----, ----, polythalamia, _J. W. Bailey_, xlv, 313. ----, ----, ----, in crystalline limestone, xxvi, 222. ----, ----, Upper Mississippi, polythalamia, _J. W. Bailey_, xli, 400.^f ----, ----, near the mouth of the Mississippi, bones, _R. Harlan_, xiv, 186. ----, ----, Upper Missouri, bones, _J. N. Nicollet_, xli, 181. ----, ----, South, human bones, xliv, 277. ----, ----, in Cuba and New Grenada, supposed to be oolitic, _I. Lea_, xl, 41. ----, ----, in Peru, on San Lorenzo, xxxviii, 201. ----, ----, in Patagonia, Megatherium, &c., _C. Darwin_, xxxiii, 105. ----, ----, ----, Taxodon, &c., _R. Owen_, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196. ----, foreign, in caves, in England, Plymouth, xxxiii, 106. ----, ----, ----, at Kirkdale, and other places, _W. Buckland_, viii, 158, 317, 319. ----, ----, ----, in Denbigshire, xxxi, 341. ----, ----, ----, in Mendip Hills, xxxv, 304. ----, ----, ----, in France, xxi, 56; xxiii, 388. ----, ----, ----, in Germany, viii, 319, 321. ----, ----, ----, in New Holland, xx, 380. ----, ----, in Britain, marsupial of the Stonesfield slate, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228. ----, ----, ----, microscopic corallines and minute shells in white chalk,_Lonsdale_, xxxiii, 111. ----, ----, ----, Sussex, number of, xxiii, 171. ----, ----, ----, vertebrated animals of the crag of Norfolk and Suffolk, xxxi, 339. ----, ----, ----, shells, &c., of Cornwall, _C. W. Peach_, xlii, 327. ----, ----, at Cape of Good Hope, xlix, 213. ----, ----, in France, bones, stags' horns, vi, 199. ----, ----, ----, bones in eastern part, xiv, 203. ----, ----, ----, bones from Argenton, xx, 382. ----, ----, Himalaya Mts., quadrupeds of, xxxiii, 103. ----, ----, in Saxony, human bones, v, 171. ----, see for species under _Zoology_. ----, cretaceous, of U. States, _S. G. Morton_, xvii, 274; xviii, 243, 249^f; xxiii, 288^f; xxiv, 128^f; xlviii, 265^f, 267; --notice of _S. G. Morton's_ synopsis of, xxvii, 377. ----, ----, ----, in New Jersey, foraminifera, xli, 213. ----, coal strata, Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, ix, 165. ----, ---- ---- of Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 1.^f ----, ---- ---- ----, Mariner's Mill, xxxi, 28.^f ----, ---- ----, _H. Witham_, xviii, 110.^f ----, ---- ----, in England, iii, 389; xxxiii, 270. ----, oolitic, remarks on, xxxiii, 107. ----, transition or Silurian, species characteristic of, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxv, 246. ----, ----, ibid, general nature of, xxxvi, 12. ----, ----, Ludlow rocks, xxx, 48. ----, in the tertiary of the Atlantic coast, _T. A. Conrad_, xxiii, 339. ----, ---- ---- ---- enumeration of, _T. A. Conrad_, xxviii, 109. ----, ----, of Alabama, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 419. ----, ----, ----, _H. C. Lea_, xl, 92.^f ----, ----, of Maryland, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 422.

Fossil fruits of Zamia, _G. A. Mantell_, xlv, 401. ---- plants, of coal regions of Wilkesbarre, Pa., ix, 165. ---- ----, ---- ---- of Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 1.^f ---- ----, ----, in Ohio, at Mariner's Mill, xxxi, 28.^f ---- ----, ----, in England, iii, 389. ---- ----, in new red sandstone of England, remarks on, xxxiii, 270. ---- ----, below the coal in England, xxxiii, 87. ---- ----, _A. Brongniart_ on, iv, 266.^f ---- ----, analysis of _Ad. Brongniart's_ work on, vii, 178. ---- ----, _H. R. Göppert's_ views on the lapidification of, xxxiii, 109. ---- wood or trees, silicification of, xxxiii, 108. ---- ----, ----, ibid, _J. D. Dana_, xlviii, 83. ---- ----, in Connecticut, near Southbury, a trunk of a tree, xiv, 228. ---- ----, in England and France, _A. Brongniart_, iv, 269.^f ---- ----, ----, Craigleith quarry trees, xxviii, 390. ---- ----, at Granton, near Edinburgh, xxxvii, 363. ---- ----, in Indiana, palm trees, _D. D. Owen_, xlv, 336. ---- ----, ----, trees with axe marks, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 303. ---- ----, in Louisiana, trees with axe marks, _W. M. Carpenter_, xxxvi, 118.^f ---- ----, Michigan, tree near lake, iv, 285. ---- ----, in New York, at Chittenango, calcareous tree, v, 251; xviii, 354. ---- ----, in N. Carolina, v, 261. ---- ----, ----, tree, siliceous, vii, 249. ---- ----, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 340.^f ---- ----, in Nova Scotia, upright trees, xlv, 353. ---- ----, in Ohio, _S. Gazlay_, xxv, 104. ---- ----, ----, trees near Gallipolis, _S. P. Hildreth_, xii, 205. ---- ----, in Russia, vi, 398. ---- ----, in Scotland, near Glasgow, a tree, iii, 382. ---- ----, in Texas, silicified, xxxvii, 215. ---- ----, ----, part silicified and part bituminized, xxxvii, 216. ---- ----, in Virginia, i, 216. ---- ----, in West Indies, i, 56; _S. Hovey_, xxxv, 79. ---- ----, _W. M. Carpenter_ on, recently bituminized, xxxvi, 118.^f ---- ----, _Nicoll's_ sections, xxviii, 74. ---- ----, _H. Witham's_ sections and investigations, xxv, 108; xxvii, 415. ---- forest near Glasgow, xxix, 352.

_Foster, A._, notice of the falls of Tockoa and Tallulah, in Georgia,
xiv, 209.

_Foster, J. W._, fossil mastodon, Crawford Co., Ohio, xxxvi, 189.^f

_Foster, W._, easy method of filling a long syphon, xxviii, 268. ----, on the culture of the potato in France, xxvii, 176.

Fountains, origin of, x, 394.

_Fourier_, temperature of the terrestrial globe and planetary spaces,
xxxii, 1.

_Fowler, S._, minerals of Warwick, N. Y., ix, 242.

_Fox, R. W._, questions on mineral veins, xxxiii, 135. ----, on the electro-magnetic properties of metalliferous veins, xx, 136. ----, on the changes in minerals by galvanism, xxxi, 373.

_Fox, C._, some notice of British naturalists, xxxvi, 217. ----, notice of some American birds, xxix, 291.

France, botanical fêtes, ix, 154. ----, fires in, few, xxv, 291. ----, mortality of infants, xix, 192. ----, phthisis in, 1828, xix, 193. ----, population of, xv, 397. ----, scenery in some parts of, x, 167.

Franconia iron works, viii, 180.

Franklin, B., original letters of, iv, 357; v, 157.

Franklinite, ii, 323; v, 41, (shot ore,) 242, 400.

_Fraser, John_, botanical labors of, _A. Gray_, xlii, 9.

Fresco painting, means of detaching, iv, 384.

Fredonia gas works, xvii, 398.

Freestone of Sugar Loaf mountain, Maryland, xxvii, 21.

Freezing mixture, _Boutigny's_, xxx, 168. ---- ----, xii, 195. ---- point, influenced by pressure, _L. C. Beck_, xlv, 49. ---- water, effect from, in a Leyden jar, viii, 374. ---- ----, by the aid of sulphuric acid, apparatus for, _R. Hare_, xxvii, 132.^f

_Frodsham, W. J._, on the vibration of pendulums with different suspending springs, xxxvii, 278. ----, elected a member of the Royal Society, xxxvi, 195.

Frogs, introduction of, into Ireland, xxviii, 398. ----, in rocks, remarks on, _D. Thomas_, xix, 167.

Fromont garden, account of, xx, 83.

Frozen wells, xxxvi, 184.

Fruit, method of preserving without sugar, xv, 381. ----, fossil, of Zamia, &c., _G. A. Mantell_, xlv, 401. ---- trees, to destroy worms attacking, xxvii, 197. ---- ----, propagation of, xxvi, 183. ---- ----, time of flowering and other memoranda for different seasons, at Marietta, Ohio, see _Floral Calendar_ and _Meteorological Register_.

Fucoids and other marine plants, _Ad. Brongniart_, ix, 375. ---- in Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 290.^f ---- in rocks of western N. York, xxxvi, 46. ---- in Pennsylvania, xx, 415; xxvii, 347.

Fucoides Harlani, xxxvi, 46; xlviii, 299.^f ---- bilobata, xlviii, 307.^f ---- demissa, xlvii, 360.^f

Fuego, Tierra del, rush of, xviii, 189.

Fuel, _E. North_ on, xi, 66. ----, amount of, consumed in New York city, xvi, 360. ----, economy of, _W. R. Johnson_, xxiii, 318.^f ----, of coal tar and water, _C. Daubeny_, xxviii, 71.

Fulgurites, or lightning tubes in sand, xx, 396. ----, siliceous tubes, Rome, N. Y., _C. E. West_, xlv, 220. ----, near Dresden, remarkable, xlvi, 210. ----, in chalk, cause of, _C. Lyell_, xxxviii, 122.

Fuller's earth in Connecticut, ii, 217.

Fulminating compounds, preparation of, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 288, 293. ---- gold, ii, 350; xlviii, 142. ---- silver, xviii, 335. ---- ----, of _Berthollet_, xviii, 155. ---- ----, _Mitscherlich's_ mode of preparing, xix, 379. ---- ----, injury to _R. Hare_ from the explosion of, xxii, 185. ---- powders, caution against, i, 168. ---- ----, use of crackers of, xxvi, 187. ---- ----, of cyanogen and calcium, _R. Hare_, xxxvii, 268. ---- ----, new, made with saltpetre, sulphur, &c., xvi, 397.

Fulminic acid, composition of, x, 191.

Fumigation, x, 379. ----, in Sweden, vii, 188.

Functions, relation of _Sturm's_, auxiliary to the roots of an algebraic
equation, _Prof. Sylvester_, xlii, 163.

Functional equation, solution of, _G. R. Perkins_, xlii, 69.

Fungi, composition of, xlix, 393.

Furnace for ventilating sewers, _R. Bulkley_, vii, 177. ----, hot blast, _T. Clark_, xxxi, 180. ----, ---- ----, saving by, xxviii, 71. ----, chimneys of, containing cadmia, xii, 168. ----, ----, containing titanium crystals, xii, 189.

Furrows in rocks, see _Scratches_.

Fur trade and fur-bearing animals, xxv, 311.

Fusibility of mixture of carbonate of potash and carbonate of soda,
xix, 379.

Fusible metal, xxi, 371.

Fusion of charcoal and anthracite, _B. Silliman_, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 349, 378; viii, 147; x, 109, 119. ---- ----, _J. Griscom_, v, 364. ---- ----, _R. Hare_, viii, 288; x, 111, 118; xxxviii, 190. ---- ----, _L. Vanuxem_, viii, 292; x, 102. ---- by compound blowpipe, see _Blowpipe_.

Fustic, yellow wood resembling, on the Red river, iii, 44.

_Fyfe, A._, photographic processes, xxxvii, 175.

G.

Galactin, _T. Thomson_, xxxv, 303.

_Gale, L. D._, apparatus for obtaining potassium, xxi, 60.^f ----, on the preparing and preservation of potassium, xix, 205.^f ----, on _T. D. Mitchell's_ mode of preparing carbonic oxide, xxvii, 129.

Galena, crystallized by galvanism, _Becquerel_, xxviii, 291. ----, localities of, see _Lead ore_.

_Galindo, J._, eruption of the volcano of Cosiguina, xxviii, 332.

Galle's first comet, xxxviii, 378; xl, 207. ---- second, observations on, xl, 40; xl, 207. ---- three, notice of, xl, 207.

Gallic acid, new process for obtaining, xvi, 395. ---- ----, new process for, _E. N. Kent_, xlvi, 78. ---- ----, _Döbereiner's_ method for, xxviii, 358. ---- ----, _Pelouze_, xxviii, 125.

Galvanic battery, _E. de Butts_, viii, 271.^f ---- ----, of carbon, xxxix, 132. ---- ----, ----, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xliii, 393; xliv, 180.^f ---- ----, _A. Crosse's_, some account of, xxxii, 372; xxxv, 135.^f ---- ----, _A. Dela Rive's_, v, 395. ---- ----, dry, xii, 195; xvii, 162. ---- ----, _Grove's_, xxxviii, 116. ---- ----, ----, experiments with, _S. F. B. Morse_, xlv, 390.^f ---- ----, _R. Hare's_ new modifications of, iii, 105.^f ---- ----, ----, calorimotor, i, 413^f; v, 94, 357, 364; vi, 337; xxxii, 284.^f ---- ----, ----, deflagrator, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94^f; vi, 337; vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181; xl, 48. ---- ----, ----, ----, improved form of, _M. Faraday_, xxxii, 170. ---- ----, ----, combining the advantages of the trough of Cruikshank with the deflagrator, xxxii, 285.^f ---- ----, of great power, _F. W. de Moleyns_, xliv, 357. ---- ----, _J. Henry_, on a spark from a long conductor uniting the poles of, xxviii, 327. ---- ----, ----, action of a spiral conductor, xxviii, 329. ---- ----, _C. G. Page_, on iron or any metal a substitute for copper, xxxii, 197. ---- ----, ----, on the benefit of fresh immersion, xxxvi, 137.^f ---- ----, _W. B._ and _H. D. Rogers_, experimental enquiry into some of the laws of, xxvii, 39.^f ---- ----, ----, relative influences of the zinc and copper, xxvii, 41. ---- ----, ----, examination of _Ritchie's_ law of surface, xxvii, 53. ---- ----, ----, influence of temperature, xxvii, 57. ---- ----, _J. B. Rogers_ and _J. Green_, ibid, xxviii, 33. ---- ----, ----, relative importance of the zinc and copper, xxviii, 34. ---- ----, ----, relative distance of the plates, xxviii, 39. ---- ----, ----, deflecting power from different menstrua, xxviii, 40. ---- ----, _W. Sturgeon_, difference in the effects of the two polar wires, xxxix, 31.^f ---- ----, _Watkins's_ dry, xvii, 162. ---- blasting, _R. Hare_, xxi, 139; xxvi, 352^f; xxxviii, 188. ---- ----, _H. K. G. Morgan_, xxxviii, 33. ---- calorimotor, _Hare's_, i, 413^f; v, 94, 357, 364; vi, 337; xxxii, 284.^f ---- ----, for galvano-ignition apparatus, _R. Hare_, xxxii, 284.^f ---- circle, theory of, _T. Graham_, xxxviii, 117. ---- currents, caloric a cause of, _J. P. Emmet_, xxv, 269. ---- ----, remarks on, xviii, 199.^f ---- ---- and sparks from the horse-shoe magnet, _J. P. Emmet_, xxiv, 78.^f ---- deflagrator, _Hare's_, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94^f; vi, 337; vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181; xl, 48. ---- ----, improved form of, _M. Faraday_, xxxii, 170. ---- experiments by _A. Crosse_, producing crystals, and, as supposed, insects, xxxv, 125.^f ---- ---- by _R. Hare_, viii, 145. ---- ---- with grasshopper's legs, J. W. Bailey, xxxi, 292.^f ---- ignition of gunpowder, _R. Hare_, xxxvii, 269. ---- induction, _J. P. Emmet_, xxvi, 23.^f ---- lamp, an improvement in, _J. Cutbush_, ii, 332. ---- light, transmission of, through metals of different conducting powers, _J. Thomas_, xxxiv, 205.^f ---- ----, daguerrotype experiment by, _B. Silliman, Jr._ and _W. H. Goode_, xliii, 185. ---- multiplier, see _Galvanometer_. ---- music, production of, _C. G. Page_, xxxii, 396; xxxiii, 118. ---- phenomenon, attending the soldering of water pipes in New York city, xvii, 194. ---- protection by the contact of heterogeneous metals, xvi, 263. ---- trough, Watkins's, xvi, 215.

Galvanism, anthracite a conductor of, v, 200. ----, carbon fused by, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 349, 378; viii, 147, 288; x, 109, 119; xxxviii, 190. ----, ---- ----, _L. Vanuxem's_ examination of, viii, 292; x, 102. ----, on colors supposed to be transferred by, through animal substances, _A. Jones_, xxi, 316. ----, _A. Crosse's_ experiments in, see _Crosse_. ----, crystallization of metals by, _G. Bird_, xxxiii, 267. ----, ----, _Becquerel_, xvii, 383. ----, crystals and insects produced by, _A. Crosse_, xxxv, 125.^f ----, engravings copied by, _von Kobell_, xlviii, 221.^f ----, engravings and medals copied by, _T. Spencer_, xl, 157.^f ----, fossils copied by, xlii, 327. ----, gilding by, xli, 402. ----, insects supposed to be produced by, xxxii, 374^f; xxxiii, 272; xxxv, 125.^f ----, ---- ----, _W. H. Weekes_, xliii, 395. ----, grasshopper's legs, a substitute for frogs, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxi, 292.^f ----, insulation of wires, a mode of, proposed, _A. A. Hayes_, xx, 409. ----, metals precipitated by, structure of, _W. de la Rue_, xlix, 390. ----, minerals changed by, _R. W. Fox_, xxxi, 373. ----, results from heat of, and decomposition, _W. Sturgeon_, xxxix, 29. ----, shocks from the calorimotor, how increased, _C. G. Page_, xxxi, 137.^f ----, size of plates, influence of, in, xxvii, 189. ----, theory of, _Prof. Pfaff_, xix, 178. ----, theory of, _R. Hare_, i, 413.^f ----, theory of, _C. F. Schönbein_, xxxviii, 119.

Galvanography, _von Kobell_, xlviii, 221.^f ----, _T. Spencer_, xl, 157.^f ----, fossils copied by, xlii, 327.

Galvano-ignition apparatus, _R. Hare_, xxxii, 282.^f

Galvanometer, _R. Hare's_ improved, xxvi, 359.^f ----, ----, rotary multiplier, xxxviii, 339.^f ----, _J. Henry_, on the application of, to electro-magnetic apparatus, xix, 400.^f ----, _J. Locke_, notice of a new, xxvi, 103^f, 378.^f ----, ----, large thermoscopic, xxxiii, 365. ----, _J. P. Emmet's_, new form of, xxvi, 311. ----, _C. G. Page_, on the use of, xxxii, 354.^f ----, ----, astatic, or rotary, xxxiii, 376.^f ----, ----, axial, xlix, 136.^f ----, _C. G. Page_, circular, xxxv, 259.^f ----, modified, _W. B._ and _H. D. Rogers_, xxvii, 39.^f

Galvanoscope, a means of detecting the failure of water in steam boilers
by, _C. G. Page_, xxxvi, 141.^f

Galvano-magnetic condenser, v, 394. ---- - ---- apparatus, _J. F. Dana_, vi, 330.^f ---- - ---- ----, Italian, v, 388.

_Gambey_, notice of, vii, 374.

_Gambold_, on the botany of the neighborhood of the Connasarga river,
Cherokee country, i, 245.

_Gannal, J. N._, new process of embalming, xl, 194.

Garden of Fromont, account of, xx, 83.

Gardens, botanic, in Austria, ii, 340. ----, ----, in Russia, xx, 175. ----, to destroy weeds in, xxii, 381.

_Gardner, D. P._, on the application of Riench's test for the detection of arsenic, xliv, 240. ----, action of light on plants, xlvi, 1.^f

_Gardner, J._, meteorological register for 1832-43, at Rio de Janeiro,
xlvii, 290.

Garnet, manganesian, of Haddam, analysis of, _H. Seybert_, vi, 155. ----, localities of, in Canada, viii, 62. ----, ----, in Connecticut, i, 354; ii, 142, 205; iii, 241; v, 36; vi, 155, 222, 246; vii, 253; viii, 7, 258; x, 12. ----, ----, in Delaware, v, 41; xiv, 11. ----, ----, in Maryland, xviii, 79. ----, ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114; iv, 55; vi, 24, 222; vii, 30; viii, 7, 44; xii, 259. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 221; xiv, 6, 8, 10. ----, ----, in New Hampshire, vi, 245; xviii, 126, 132.^f ----, ----, in New Jersey, v, 243; ix, 245. ----, ----, in New York, iv, 38. ----, ----, in R. Island, ix, 49. ----, ----, in Vermont, iii, 76; vii, 58; xvii, 353.

Gas, capacity of, for heat, iv, 372. ----, condensation of, _M. Faraday_, vii, 352; xlix, 373. ----, ----, ----, sulphurous acid, vii, 353. ----, ----, ----, sulphuretted hydrogen, vii, 354. ----, ----, ----, carbonic acid, vii, 354. ----, ----, ----, euchlorine, vii, 355. ----, ----, ----, nitrous oxide, vii, 355. ----, ----, ----, cyanogen, vii, 356. ----, ----, ----, ammonia, vii, 357. ----, ----, ----, muriatic acid, vii, 357. ----, ----, ----, chlorine, vii, 357. ----, ----, _Thilorier_, xxxi, 163, 402, 404. ----, ----, _J. K. Mitchell_, xxxv, 346.^f ----, ---- of carbonic, sulphurous and chloro-chromic acid, _John Torrey_, xxxv, 374; xxxvi, 394.^f ----, apparatus for regulating the supply of, by its absorption, xiii, 2.^f ----, conducting power of liquid, xxi, 374. ----, on the dilatation of, _V. Regnault_, xliv, 63. ----, expansion of, xix, 397. ----, mode of obtaining the specific gravity of, _R. Hare_, xvi, 293, 295.^f ----, apparatus for saturating a liquid with, xvi, 387. ----, caoutchouc rendered impermeable to, xlvii, 194. ----, native, different localities, near the Erie canal, N. York, _A. Eaton_, xv, 233. ----, ----, Fredonia, New York, used for lighting a village, xvii, 398. ----, ----, at Gasport, N. York, xv, 236; xxxi, 246. ----, ----, at Kenawha, _J. A. Lewis_, xlix, 209. ----, ----, at a Nova Scotia coal mine, xxx, 184. ----, ----, from a pond, v, 199. ----, ----, from the water pipes in New York, xxi, 386. ----, ----, nitrogen, Hoosic, N. York, xv, 234. ---- lamps, portable, iii, 371. ---- lights, iii, 170, 385. ---- ----, in England, iv, 373. ---- ----, at Glasgow, ii, 365; v, 141.^f ---- ----, from cotton seed, _D. Olmsted_, viii, 294; ix, 170; x, 362. ---- ----, from peat, xxx, 189. ---- ----, from rosin, xxviii, 147. ---- ----, from wood, xix, 383. ---- ----, for light-houses, xxviii, 355. ----, portable, xv, 189. ----, illuminating powers of, viii, 181.

Gaseous mixtures, analysis of, _R. Hare_, xv, 279, 283.

Gasometers, new mode of suspending, _R. Hare_, iv, 312.^f

Gasometer, _J. H. Patten's_, ix, 92.^f

Gasport, gas of, xv, 236; xxxi, 246.

Gastric juice, notice of _Wm. Beaumont's_ work, containing experiments on, _A. St. Martin_, xxvi, 193; xxvii, 405. ---- ----, ibid, _J. J. Berzelius_ on, xxvii, 406. ---- ----, analysis of, _H. Braconnot_, xxx, 378.

_Gauss's_ theory of terrestrial magnetism, examination of, _E. Loomis_,
xlvii, 278.

Gavial of Caen, analysis of the scales of, _A. Connell_, xxxiv, 201.

Gay Lussite, xii, 187.

_Gay Lussac_, explanation of volcanic action, xxxvi, 236.

_Gaylord, W._, influence of the great lakes on our autumnal sunsets, xxxiii, 335.^f ----, mechanical vaporization of earths, xxxvii, 398. ----, account of a tornado in Onondaga Co., N. Y., xxxvii, 90. ----, formation and dispersion of a thunder shower, xxxix, 54. ----, parhelia seen at Otisco, New York, January, 1840, xxxix, 61.^f ----, average temperature, weather and winds, for 1838 and 1839, at Otisco, N. Y., xxxix, 63.

_Gazlay, S._, fossil wood in Ohio, xxv, 104.

_Gebhard, J._, geology and mineralogy of Schoharie Co., N. York,
xxviii, 172.^f

_Geddes, J._, geological features of the south side of the Ontario
valley, xi, 213.^f

Gelatine from bones, i, 170; xxii 369.

Genesee river, account and view of upper falls of, xviii, 209.^f

Gems, practical remarks on, _T. Taber_, xxxviii, 61.

Geodes, facts tending to illustrate the formation of crystals in, viii, 282. ----, ibid, _J. D. Dana_, xlix, 49.

Geography, distribution of land and water, xiv, 375. ----, physical, _G. F. Schouw_, xxi, 127. ----, ----, influence of, on the boundaries of empires, _J. Finch_, xiv, 18; xvi, 99.

Geogony of Leibnitz, xx, 56; xxxix, 15. ----, or on the probable origin and systematic arrangement of rocks, _W. Maclure_, vii, 261. ----, or on the formation of the universe, _I. Orr_, vi, 128.^f

Geological arrangement, outlines of, _Wm. Maclure_, i, 209. ----, Association, American, notice of meeting in 1840, xxxix, 189; in 1841, xli, 158; in 1842, xliii, 146; in 1843, xlv, 135, 310; in 1844, xlvii, 94; in 1845, xlix, 219. ----, ----, ----, address by _E. Hitchcock_, xli, 232. ---- ----, ----, ibid, by _B. Silliman_, xliii, 217. ---- ----, ----, ibid, by _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 137, 247. ---- ----, ----, constitution and by-laws of, xliii, 149. ---- ----, ----, transactions of, published, xlv, 220. ---- coloring and symbols, system of, _D. D. Owen_, xlv, 351. ---- equivalents, _A. Eaton_, xxi, 132. ---- essays by _H. H. Hayden_, notice of, iii, 47. ---- investigations, mode of conducting, _W. Buckland_, iii, 249. ---- nomenclature, classes of rocks, &c., _A. Eaton_, xiv, 145^f, 359. ---- and mineralogical observations, _A. Brongniart_, iii, 216. ---- paintings for class illustration, _D. D. Owen_, xlv, 136. ---- poem, including geological cookery, v, 272. ---- Prodromus, _A. Eaton_, xvii, 63. ---- reasoning, remarks on difficulties that attend some of the modes of, xxx, 114. ---- Report, of Connecticut, by _C. U. Shepard_, noticed, xxxiii, 151. ---- ----, ----, by _J. G. Percival_, xxxii, 399; xliv, 187. ---- ----, of Indiana, by _D. D. Owen_, noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133. ---- ----, of Maine, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376. ---- ----, of Maryland, by _J. T. Ducatel_, noticed, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191. ---- ----, of Massachusetts, by _E. Hitchcock_, xxii, 1^f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384. ---- ----, of Michigan, by _D. Houghton_, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136. ---- ----, of New Hampshire, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27. ---- ----, of New York, annual, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227. ---- ----, ----, final, reviewed xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f ---- ----, of Ohio, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347^f; xl, 126. ---- ----, of Pennsylvania, by _H. D. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380. ---- ----, of Rhode Island, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xl, 182. ---- ----, of Tennessee, by _G. Troost_, noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187. ---- ----, of Virginia, by _W. B. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380. ---- society of London, anniversary address by _W. Whewell_, xxxvii, 218. ---- ----, ----, number of fellows of, in 1837, xxxiii, 76. ---- ----, of Dublin, xxviii, 368. ---- ----, of France, notice of, xxiv, 192. ---- ----, ----, transactions of, noticed by _C. U. Shepard_, xxviii, 283. ---- ----, American, notice of, ii, 139; iii, 360; iv, 191; v, 403; vi, 377; vii, 358; viii, 187, 392; ix, 387; x, 201. ---- ----, of Pennsylvania, notice of transactions of, xxix, 391. ---- systems, observations upon, _W. Maclure_, ix, 253. ---- Theory of the Earth, _G. Cuvier's_ Essay on, noticed, i, 68. ---- ----, of _Leibnitz_, xx, 56; xxxix, 15.

GEOLOGY.

----, on the study of, iii, 363. ----, Mosaic, _W. Maclure_, ix, 157. ----, connexion with the Mosaic history, xxv, 26. ----, on the progress of, for 1833, xxviii, 294. ----, queries in, proposed by the geologists of the survey of New York, xxxiii, 124. ----, principles of, xxi, 1. ----, principles of Catastrophists and Uniformitarians, xxxvii, 234. ----, stratiographical, cardinal points in, _A. Eaton_, xxi, 199. ----, volcanic, see _Volcano_. ----, _Foreign_. ----, ----, Africa, northern, notices of, iv, 32. ----, ----, ----, between Suez and Cairo, account of the desert, xxxiii, 288. ----, ----, ----, Cape of Good Hope, _G. Champion_, xxix, 230. ----, ----, ----, southern, cave, minerals in, xxviii, 290. ----, ----, Asia, Bombay, province of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274. ----, ----, ---- Minor, _Mr. Hamilton_, xxxvii, 226. ----, ----, ---- ----, mines of Tokat, xxxvii, 352. ----, ----, ---- ----, Naphtha springs, xxxvii, 353. ----, ----, ---- ----, Taurus mountains, xxxvii, 351. ----, ----, ---- ----, Silurian strata, _H. E. Strickland_, xxxiii, 95. ----, ----, ---- ----, volcanic region of the Catacecaumene, xxxiii, 95. ----, ----, ---- ----, Black sea shores, xxxii, 399. ----, ----, ----, Caucasus range basalt, xxxvii, 348. ----, ----, ---- ----, ibid, floods, xxxvii, 349. ----, ----, ----, Persia, earthquakes at Tabriz, xxxvii, 351. ----, ----, ----, ----, Naphtha springs, xxxvii, 354. ----, ----, ----, ----, marble of Tabriz, xxxvii, 355.

GEOLOGY, _Foreign_.

----, ----, Asia, Persia, salt near Tabriz, &c., xxxvii, 350. ----, ----, ----, ----, volcano, extinct, near Mt. Ararat, xxxvii, 349. ----, ----, ----, ----, volcano in the Kourdish country, xxxvii, 350. ----, ----, Europe, remarks on, by _Boué_, vii, 188. ----, ----, ----, classification of rocks of, _H. T. de la Beche_, xviii, 26. ----, ----, ----, northern, geological notice of, xvii, 16. ----, ----, ----, Great Britain, boulders over northern parts of England, _Phillips_, xxxi, 360. ----, ----, ----, ----, changes of level in, xxxiii, 97. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, _R. I. Murchison_, xxxi, 375. ----, ----, ----, ----, Burdie House, freshwater limestone, xxviii, 365. ----, ----, ----, ----, coal formation, xxxiii, 79. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, alternation of marine freshwater beds in, xxxiii, 80. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, faults and dislocations of strata, Dudley, xxxiii, 82. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, limestone of Yorkshire, xxxiii, 84. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, marine shells, xxv, 199. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, Dudley, xxxvii, 390. ----, ----, ----, ----, Calton Hill near Edinburgh, and on the aqueous origin of wacke, _J. W. Webster_, i, 230.^f ----, ----, ----, ----, Cambrian system of Sedgwick, xxxvii, 220. ----, ----, ----, ----, caves in, see _Caves_. ----, ----, ----, ----, crag of Suffolk and Norfolk, vertebrated remains in, xxxi, 339. ----, ----, Europe, Great Britain, Devonshire, structure of, _Sedgwick_ and _Murchison_, xxxi, 349^f; xxxiii, 85. ----, ----, ----, ----, ibid, lines of dislocation, _H. T. de la Beche_, xxxi, 354. ----, ----, ----, ----, Ludlow rocks of Wales, remarks on the fossils of, _L. Agassiz_, xxx, 48. ----, ----, ----, ----, recent sandstone on the northern coast of Cornwall, _J. A. Paris_, i, 234. ----, ----, ----, ----, plastic clay of the southeast part, xxxiii, 92. ----, ----, ----, ----, Silurian system of _Murchison_ and others, xxxvii, 219. ----, ----, ----, ----, Silurian rocks of Denbighshire, _J. E. Bowman_, xlii, 325. ----, ----, ----, ----, formations of Wales below the coal, remarks on, _L. Agassiz_, xxx, 46. ----, ----, ----, ----, fossil plants below the coal, xxxiii, 87. ----, ----, ----, ----, Isle of Wight freshwater formation, xxxvii, 225. ----, ----, ----, ----, review of the "Outlines," of _Conybeare_ and _Phillips_, vii, 203. ----, ----, ----, France, freshwater formations of Paris and Rome, remarks upon, from _Cuvier's_ work on organic remains, vi, 381. ----, ----, ----, ----, Auvergne, in a letter by _C. Daubeny_, ii, 351. ----, ----, ----, ----, Breccia of Mt. D'Or, ii, 356. ----, ----, ----, ----, Pyrenees, south of France, &c., in a letter from _Boué_, ix, 23. ----, ----, ----, Germany, erratic blocks of north of, xxviii, 389. ----, ----, Europe, Germany, notices of the Hartz, _T. G. Clemson_, xix, 105.^f ----, ----, ----, Greece, Cephalonia, tertiary of, Messrs. _Hamilton_ and _Strickland_, xxxiii, 211. ----, ----, ----, ----, in the Morea, _Boblaye_ and _Virlet_, xxxiii, 96. ----, ----, ----, Hungary, _Beudant's_ travels in, vii, 256. ----, ----, ----, Iceland, iv, 370; xvii, 15. ----, ----, ----, Italy, formations of, vii, 186. ----, ----, ----, Portugal, notice of, xxxvii, 226. ----, ----, ----, Russia, Altai, _M. P. de Tchihatcheff_, xlix, 378. ----, ----, ----, ----, Northern, including Pargas Islands, Lake Onega, Siberia, Siberian Steppes &c., xvii, 16. ----, ----, ----, ----, salt district, xvii, 19, 20. ----, ----, ----, ----, mines of, see _Russia_. ----, ----, ----, Sicily, from a work by _F. Ferrara_, viii, 201. ----, ----, ----, ----, sketch of, _C. Daubeny_, x, 230.^f ----, ----, ----, ----, see further under _Volcano_. ----, ----, ----, Sweden, rise of land in, _C. Lyell_, xxviii, 387. ----, ----, ----, ----, subsidence of south part of, _Nilsson_, xxxiii, 102. ----, ----, ----, Switzerland, Alps, from _F. J. Hugi's_ travels, xxviii, 296. ----, _North American_. ----, ----, Arctic regions, xvii, 1. ----, ----, Bay of Fundy, terraces of, xli, 55. ----, ----, Canada, alluvial deposits at Malbay, v, 221.^f ----, ----, ----, various fossils in, _J. J. Bigsby_, viii, 61. ----, ----, ----, supposed volcano in, xxx, 238, 241. ----, ----, ----, N. W. portion of Lake Huron, _J. J. Bigsby_, iii, 254.^f ----, ----, ----, Kingston, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 104. ----, ----, ----, geology and mineralogy of Malbay, _J. J. Bigsby_, v, 205.^f ----, ----, ----, transition rocks of the Cataraqui, _R. H. Bonnycastle_, xviii, 85; xx, 74^f; xxiv, 97^f; xxx, 233.^f ----, ----, Great Bear lake and vicinity, xvii, 2, 3. ----, ----, Greenland, xvii, 14. ----, ----, ----, subsidence of, xxx, 379. ----, ----, Hudson's Bay and vicinity, xvii, 11. ----, ----, Melville Island, xvii, 10. ----, ----, Nova Scotia, mineralogy and geology of, _C. T. Jackson_ and _F. Alger_, xiv, 305^f; xv, 132^f, 201. ----, ----, ----, ibid, _F. Alger_, xii, 227. ----, ----, Rocky Mts., northern termination, xvii, 2. ----, ----, United States.[G] ----, ----, ----, early state of the science in, _B. Silliman_, xliii, 224. ----, ----, ----, progress and condition of, in an address before the Geol. Assoc., _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 137, 247. ----, ----, ----, State surveys in progress, xxx, 203, 393; xli, 235.

[Footnote G: We have arranged the references under this head according to the States, placing first a few of a general character. The references to _mines_, will be found under the names of the several metals; those of fossils, under _Fossil_, the _names_ of the species, and also _Zoology_; those of tracks of animals under _Footprints_; of coal, under _Coal_; of boulders, under _Boulders_ and _Drift_; of scratches or furrows, under _Scratches_.]