Chapter XXV: Antiquity of the River-Drift (5)

Rings
of jet in interments, 265, 266, 308, 352, 426, 455;
with radial perforations, 454, 456;
of Kimmeridge shale, 456;
penannular, of bronze, 456;
of Samian ware, 466;
spiral, of bronze, 398;
of stone, 465;
studs combined with, for fastenings, 454

Ripple marking
on Egyptian and Danish blades, 359;
on British arrow-heads, 392, 393

River basins, present lowering of, 668

River Drift,
antiquity of, 662, &c.;
causes of crumpling, 697, 698;
and surface periods, gap between, 650, 704;
implements of, 526, _et seqq._;
implements compared with those of caves, 474;
French and English, resemblance of, 627, 630;
mammalian remains in, 528, &c.;
molluscan in, 531, 536, 539, &c.;
sorting of materials, of, by water action, 667, 673

River gravels,
scrapers rarely found in, 311;
stone implements found in, 147–150

Rivers,
amount of detritus carried by, 667;
former, near Cromer, 572;
former, preceding the Solent, 622, 634, 690, 694;
former, connected with the Waveney, 577;
former, represented by the Wye, 521;
origin of systems of, 665;
transporting power of, 666, &c.

Rivers,
General Pitt, his explorations at Cissbury, 33, 78–82;
on the classification of flint arrows, 370;
on implements in the London gravels, 589;
flint flakes found by, in Egyptian gravel, 652;
palæolithic implements found by, 604

Robenhausen, pyrites found in lake settlement of, 15

Robinson, Sir J. C., palæolithic implements found by, 626

Rock-crystal,
perforation of, on the Rio Negro, 52;
piece of in cist, 468

Rocks, calcareous, erosion of, 477, &c.

Rock-shelters, formation of, 476

Rolled condition of implements in lower parts of valleys, 681

Rolleston, the late Prof., his find at Oxford, 593

Rolling-pin and bed-stone, 250

Romano-British village,
“coal money” in, 465;
shale cups in, 448

Roman remains,
stone objects with, 109, 144, 237, 244, 283;
in Lark valley, 543;
sites, flakes found on, 283;
sites, bone pins on, 431;
sites, discoidal stone weights on, 443;
soldier with bracer represented on monument, 430

Romans,
ceremonial use of flint by the, 9;
pyrites used by, for fire-producing, 313;
staff-sling used by, 418

Rome, bronze shears used at, by priest of Jupiter, 5

Roots, possible use of pointed implements in digging for, 645, 655

Rose, Mr., his suggestion as to tube-boring, 50

Rotatory mill, 254

Roughening
of implements for insertion into sockets, 46, 125, 128, 136;
of hammers for grasping, 243

Roundels of stone, suggested use of, 49

“Round-nosed chisels,” stone implements resembling, 180

Rowe, Rev. A. L., quartzite drift implement found by, 578

Rubbers needed for polishing concave surfaces, 266

Ruddle,
rubbing stone associated with, 263;
nodules of, with charcoal, 263, 264

Rumph on the “Dondersteenen” of Java, 59

Runic characters on stone celts, 58

Rushes, use of, for cord in hafting, 292

Rutley, Mr. F., drift implement found by, 616

S

Sabines, use of bronze knives by priests of the, 5

Sabre-toothed tiger, presence of, in British caves, 508, 524

Saddle-querns, 251

St. Acheul, Kent’s Cavern implements of the age of, 495

St. Alban’s mill dues, 258

“Salagramma pebble,” Indian custom concerning, 468

Salmon, M. Philippe, his division of the Stone ages, 485

Salt-mines,
grooved axes in, 169;
stone mauls found in, 234

“Samian ware,” ring of, 466

Sand,
use of, in boring stone, 49;
use of, in grinding concave surfaces, 266;
polishing effect of, 659

Sandars, Mrs. E., side scraper found by, 636

Sandstone,
cup of, 444;
grooved pieces of, 83;
grooved nodule of, as sink-stone, 236;
perforated plates of, 428, 431;
pyriform piece of, 442

Sarmatians, their early ignorance of the use of iron, 7

“Sarsen-stone,”
mullers of, 248;
interment under, 352

Saucer of shale, 445

Savage Island, shaped sling-stones in, 418

Savages, modern,
hafting of implements by, 155, 161, &c.;
their use of perforated implements, 215;
of stone implements, 172;
of unmounted tools, 171

Savoy, superstition regarding celts in, 57

Saws,
flint, in La Madelaine caves, 484;
serrated flakes as, 249, 297;
small flakes mounted as, 293

Sawing,
mechanical aids to, 44;
modern experiments in, 44, 297;
signs of, rare in British implements, 43;
traces of, on Spanish celt, 44

_Saxo Grammaticus_ on Thor’s Hammer, 62

Saxon graves,
fibula and flints in, 144;
flint arrow-heads in, 397;
quern in, 259;
steels and chipped flints in, 283

Saxon remains in Lark valley, 543;
spindle-whorl with, 439

Scales of fish in river drift, 540, 541

Scaling fish, possible use of scrapers for, 312, _note_

Scalping knife, possible use of stone blade as, 355

Scandinavian axes, 184;
how bored, 49;
blades, crescent-shaped, 297;
flint knives, 8;
harpoon-heads, 277;
hone, 271;
superstitions as to stone implements, 366, 469;
two-edged flint blades, 294

Schlalum Indians, adze of the, 166

Scheffer,
on burial customs of the Lapps, 283;
Lapp divining stone engraved by, 470

Schliemann,
arrow-heads found by, at Mycenæ, 403;
flakes for sickles found by, 297;
grooved stone mentioned by, 235;
mealing stones found by, 253;
on Trojan sling bullets, 418

Schmerling, Dr., his discoveries in Belgian caves, 481

Schoolcraft
on American perforated maces, 216;
on hammer-stones, 219, 241

_Sciat-hee_, Sir D. Wilson on the, 366

“Scies,” 296

Scotch fir, submerged forest of, at Bournemouth, 695

Scrapers,
classification of, 300;
discoidal, 302, 308;
double-ended, 307;
duck-bill shaped, 304, 305;
from Palæolithic Floor, 600;
hollow, 319;
horseshoe-shaped, 300, 308, 311;
in brick-earth, 599;
iron-mounted in Merovingian graves, 314;
irregular in form, 306;
kite-shaped, 303, 304;
in kjökken-möddings, 310;
method of making, 36, 298, &c.;
modern use of, 299, 320;
numerous, where flint abounds, 310;
rare in River Drift, 643;
resemblance between ancient and modern, 314, 315;
of the Reindeer Period, 311;
spoon-shaped, 308, 310;
straight, 319;
traces of wear on, 311, 495;
use of, in preparing hides, 311, 312;
use of, in producing fire, 312–319, 501;
why so named, 643;
with bronze weapons, 309

Scraping,
results of, on flint flakes, 289;
wear from, on Brixham flints, 516

Scythes, myths concerning, 361

Scythians,
their skill in archery, 361;
their bronze arrow-heads, 368

Sea,
rate of encroachment by the, 695;
on soft cliffs, 707;
at Reculver, 686

Sea shells in Whittlesea Mere, 681

Sections
of Brixham Cave, 512, 513;
at Bromehill, 560, 561;
at Hackney Down, 584;
of Hitchin brickfield, 536, 537;
at Hoxne, 574, 575;
of Isle of Wight, 626;
of Kent’s Cavern deposits, 491;
of Lark valley, 543;
of Ouse valley, 531, 551;
of Rea valley, 579;
of Reculver cliffs, 617;
at Shrubhill, 569;
of gravels at Southampton, 623

Seeley, Mr. H., on an incised bone, 539

Sehested, Mr., his experiments with stone implements, 50, 69

_Selci romboidale_, 325

Sellers, Mr. G. E., on stone-chipping, 24

Sérifontaine, pits for flint extraction at, 35

Serpentine
arrow-head, Swiss, 402;
axe-hammers, 206, 213;
celts, 66, 125, 130, 138;
chisel, Swiss, 177;
Merovingian pendants, 470;
ovoid implement, 467;
perforated discs, 216;
hammers, 221, 224;
ring, 465

_Serpula_ limestone, instruments of, 128, 227

Serration, varying, of flint saws, 294, 297

Seton-Karr,
Mr. H. W., discoveries in Somaliland, 652, 653;
palæolithic Egyptian implements found by, 652

Sets or punches, 24, 25

Shafting of arrow-heads, methods of, 408–411

Shafts of arrows,
compound, 410;
concave scrapers for, 320;
grooved pebbles for straightening, 268;
South American, 407

Shale,
cups of, 445;
pendants of, 463;
rings of, 466

Sharpening-stones, 161–171

Sharp-rimmed implements, classification of, 646

Shasta Indians, arrow-chipping among, 39, 40

Shelley, Mr., flakes collected by, 278

Shell-gouges, Carib use of, 182

Shells,
extinct in England, in Cam river-drift, 539;
fossil, as ornaments, 484;
fresh water, their evidence as to source of gravels, 679;
fresh water, with Hoxne implements, 684;
fresh water and land, in Ouse gravels, 531;
land and marsh at Hampton, 617;
used as pendants, 470

Shetland blades, 347

Shield, wooden, in Saxon tumulus, 163

Shoe-shaped implements defined, 645

Shore-ice, transporting power of, 672

Shoshonee Indians, military flail used by, 423

Shrubsole, Mr. O. A., on the Caversham beds, 592

Sibbald, Sir Robert,
on elf-arrows, 362;
on the artificial nature of flint arrow-heads, 363

Siberian use of stones for pounding, 245

Sickle, bronze, of Medea, 5

Sickles,
Egyptian, 297;
possible use of curved knives as, 358

Side-scrapers,
definition of, 300, 302;
in caves and River drifts, 548, 635, 643

Silex, suggested etymology of, 15

Silica, two forms of, in flint, 497

Silver,
arrow-heads mounted in, 365, 367;
present use of stone tools in working, 232

Similarity of wants, similarity of implements due to, 235, 407

Sinew, animal,
modern use of, in arrow-shafting, 409, 410;
Eskimo weapon of chase made of, 422;
its use for sewing, 507, 657

Sink-stones, present use of, 236, 237

Siret, M. M., saddle-querns found by, in Spain, 252

“Skelbs,” Scottish for flakes, 275

Skeletons,
bracers on arms of, 426, 429, 456;
cause of contracted attitude, 149;
contracted, articles with, 309, 313;
female, necklaces with, 457, 459, 462, 463;
jet ornaments with, 454;
pebbles in hands of, 467, 468;
in Quaternary beds, 656, 703;
in Spain, articles found with, 333, 352

Skertchley, Mr.,
on manufacture of gun-flints, 15, 18;
on the date of the Brandon beds, 568

Skins,
flakes hafted by, 293;
preparation of, with stone implements, 127, 299, 340;
scraper for, from Kent’s Cavern, 499

Skull, human,
in Cheddar Cave, 486;
in gravel pit of Ouse valley, 542;
near Bury St. Edmunds, 656, 703

Slabs for sharpening stone implements, 261

Sladen, Major, jade celts brought from China by, 127

Slate, chlorite,
perforated plates of, 425;
knives of, 358;
used for arrows and lance-heads, 404

“Slekenstone,” its renderings into Latin, 441

Slickstone of glass in woman’s grave, 442

Slickstones, various, 441

Sling, early use of the, 417

Slinging by means of split stick, 417

Sling-stones,
early forms and materials of, 418;
in Kjökken-möddings, 419;
their relation to intrenchments, 420

Sloane catalogue, reference to “British weapon” in, 581

Smith,
Mr. G., implement found by, at Southsea, 626;
Captain G. V., experiments with Kjökken-mödding axes, 69;
Captain John, on arrow-chipping in Virginia, 40;
Mr. Worthington G., _echini_ found by, in barrow, 468;
flakes fitted on to palæolithic cores by, 20, 598;
finds old land surface under brick-earth, 598;
palæolithic implements found by, in gravels, 530, 583–586, 601–604,
611, 624

Smoothing stone, tanged, 443

Snake River Indians, arrow-chipping by, 40

Snake-stones, snake bites treated by, 437

Socket of celts,
polishing due to friction of, 89, 142;
intermediate, of stag’s horn, 158, 160;
mode of fastening axe in, 156;
stone, for hinge, 242

Solent, ancient river of the, 634, 637;
its former basin, 638, 690;
subsequent widening of, 691

Solinus on the abundance of jet in Britain, 464

Solutré, characteristics of Age of, 484

Solvent power of carbonic acid, 675

Somme, implements in the drift of the valley of the, 490

Sophocles, his mention of the bronze sickle of Medea, 5

Sotacus,
concerning _Cerauniæ_, 64, 480;
his date, 65

South Sea Islanders, adze-like implement of, 138

Spanish _trillas_, 284

Spalls of flint, 564

Spalding, Mr. F., 179

Spear-heads
of flint, 348, &c.;
with notches at side, 351

Spear-shafts, concave scrapers for shaping, 320

Specks, shining, on flints from the gravel, 565, 659

Spiennes,
cores from, 27;
flint manufactory at, 34;
stag’s horn hammers at, 35

Spindles, upright, of corn-mills, 242

Spindle-whorls, 436, &c.;
absent in palæolithic times, 657;
_cidares_ used as, 469;
in Kent’s Cavern, 492;
varieties of, 438

Spinning and weaving,
early practice of, 436;
method of, 437

Spinning-wheel, possible classical use of, 436

Spiral ornament
on bone bead, 211;
on glass bead, magic virtue of, 437

Splinters and flakes of flint, distinction between, 275

Springs in the chalk, 664, 675

Spurrell, Mr. Flaxman C. J.,
flint flakes replaced on cores by, 20, 606;
on final flaking of Danish daggers, 42;
implements found by, 572, 605, 606;
on ripple-marked Egyptian blades, 359;
on stone implement making at Kahun, 45;
on flakes mounted for sickles, 297

Staff-sling, its use in Roman times, 418

Stag’s horn,
axe or hoe of, 434;
bone-tipped implement of, 416;
for hafting celts, 128;
for hafting flakes, 292;
hammers of, 35, 41, 186, 434;
implements for arrow-flaking, 41, 393;
in interments, 148, 398;
in mines, 233, 234;
picks of, 33, 34;
punch of, for obsidian working, 25;
sockets of, 158, 161;
in Swiss Lake-dwelling, 321

Stalactite,
formation of, 479;
piece of in barrow, 466

Stalagmite,
deposition of, 479;
of Kent’s Cavern, 511

_Stan-æx_ and _stan-bill_, 145

Stanley, the late Hon. W. O.,
researches in Holyhead, 230, 234, 244,
252, 450, 466

Steatite,
cup of, 444;
New Caledonian sling-stones of, 418;
sawed with string and sand, 45;
tubes of in Ohio valley, 50;
its use for hollow vessels, 451

Steels with flints in Saxon graves, 283

Steenstrup,
on marks of attrition on celts, 89, 297;
as to use of Kjökken-mödding axes, 69

“Steenstrup’s markings” on oval blade, 337

Stevens, Mr. Alfred H.,
implements found by at Bournemouth, 635;
the late Mr. E. T., classification by, of palæolithic implements, 641,
644, 646–648;
implements found by, 627;
Dr. Joseph, drift implements found by, in Thames valley, 143, 591, 592;
referred to, 277

Stick, split, slinging by means of, 417

Stone of the Arrows, 262

Stone of Heaven, 5

Stone Age, division of into Earlier and Later stages, 12, 474

Stone and Bronze Periods, overlapping of, 89, 143, 150, 211, 471, &c.

Stone weight, name suggestive of origin, 443

Stopes, Mr. H., Syrian and Egyptian implements found by, 652

Strabo, on the exportation of amber to England, 449

“Strahlhammer,” 63

Streams, carrying power of, 666

“Strike-a-light” flints, arrow-heads used for, 400;
present manufacture of, 17, 21;
their resemblance to early scrapers, 314

Studs of amber, 456;
of jet with rings in interments, 454–456

_Strombus gigas_, gouge-like instrument formed from, 182

Stukeley, his account of a stone axe, 183;
on elf’s arrows, 366

Submarine forest at Bournemouth, 695;
at Hunstanton, celt found in tree of, 150

“Subterranean reservoir” of the chalk, 664

Suetonius on a portentous find of stone axes, 65

Superstitions concerning stone:
adzes, 59;
arrow-heads, 363–367;
axes, 62, 63, 145, 183;
celts, 56–61;
hammers, 62;
“lucky-stones,” 469;
pebbles, 467, 468;
“witch-stone,” 470

Surface-flaking of arrow-heads, 392, 393

Surface Period, synonymous with Neolithic, 12

Surface drainage, lessening with amelioration of climate, 676

Survival of bronze implements in religious rites, 5

Swiss Lake-dwellings,
arrow-heads, bone, in, 402;
animals, domesticated, 358;
awls, perforated, 323;
bastard gouges, 182;
bitumen, use of in hafting, 170, 409;
celts, socketed, 128, 136;
degree of civilization in, 358;
disc, perforated, 191;
flakes, trimmed, 327;
flakes, mounting of, 502;
hafting of celts, 167;
hafting of hatchets, 155, 158, 162;
knife, peculiar, 348;
needles of bone, 433;
sling-stones, 418

Swords,
bronze, 4;
leaf-shaped Egyptian, 8;
Mexican obsidian, 294

Sword-like blades, Irish, of slaty stone, 363

Syenite,
axe-hammer of, 211;
celt of, 127;
and greenstone, celts of at Kent’s Cavern, 488

Symonds, Rev. W. S., on changes in Wye valley, 521

T

“Taawisch,” Nootka Sound war axes, 157

Tacitus, on the arrows of the Fenni, 361

Tahitians,
their shaped sling-stones, 419;
sharpening of hatchets by, 263;
stone pestle of, 257

Tasmanians,
pebble superstitions among the, 468;
unmounted celts used by, 171

Taunus slate, perforated hoe of, 191

Taylor, Mr. J. B., African palæolithic implements brought by, 653

Teeth, attrition of, by grit from grinding-stones, 253, 254

Teneriffe, use of obsidian knives in, 8

Terraces of gravel left during erosion of valleys, 673;
near London, 590, 685;
in Waveney valley, 578

Tertiary implements, so called, 658

Teutonic interments, stone objects in, 468, 470

“Thesaurus Brandenburgicus,” occurrence of _Celtes_ in, 55

Thong-drill, use of, 48

“Thor’s Donnerkeil,” 51

Thor’s hammers, 62, 145, 184

Threshing instrument resembling the _tribulum_, 284

“Thumb-flint,” method of making, 36

“Thunder axes,” 56

“Thunder-stones” in Dutch Guiana, 271;
in Western Africa, 60

Thurburn, Capt. H., Greek celts brought by, 126;
African celt brought by, 241

Thurnam, the late Dr.,
on the connection of leaf-shaped arrow-heads with long barrows, 377;
on flat plates of stone, 427;
on javelin-heads, 370;
referred to, 244, 250, 269, 280, 291, 294, 309

_Tibia_, its use suggested by its name, 432

Tierra del Fuego, pyrites used in for producing fire, 15

Tiffin, Mr., junr., implements found by, 627, 634

Tiger, sabre-toothed,
in Kent’s Cavern, 508;
in Creswell Crags, 524

“Tilhuggersteene,” Danish, 241

Time, incalculable, needed for geological changes, 609, &c.

Tindall, Mr. E., implements found by, 249, 251, 295, 332

Tinder-boxes, no early record of the use of flint for, 17

Tiryns, flint flakes from, 403

Tobacco pipes, N. American, boring of, 52

“Toki” of the Maoris, 172

Toltecs, use of stone mortars by, 257

Tomahawks,
Australian, 26;
mounting of, 166;
time required to make, 52;
North American, 216

“Tonderkiler” and “Torden-steen,” 57

Tongue-shaped implements defined, 644;
found, 539, 572, 649

Topley, Mr. W.,
on possible ice action in Darent valley, 610;
ovate implement found by, 621

Tor Bryan Caves, 516, 517

Torquay Nat. Hist. Soc., exploration of Kent’s Cavern by, 490

Torquemada,
his account of Aztec obsidian working, 23;
on Mexican razors, 290

Touraine, flint industry of, 30

“Traba,” a form of _tribulum_, 284

“Trail and warp,” 698

Trees,
branches of, with bones under gravel, 595;
species of, in Bournemouth submarine forest, 695;
below Hitchin brick-earth, 537;
in Hoxne brick-earth, 575

Tremlett, Admiral, on the cutting power of jasper flakes, 6

Trephining, practice of, in the Stone Period, 289

Tribrach-formed instrument, 77, 78

_Tribulum_, Varro’s description of the, 284

Trigg formerly Prigg, the late Mr. Henry,
implements found by, 539–542, 550, 554–556, 558, 578;
section of Redhill by, 551

Trimmer, Mr., on Trail and Warp, 698

Trou de Chaleux, pyrites in, 286

Trough, triturating, 252

Troy,
earthenware whorls from site of, 439;
sling-bullets from, 418

Troyon, M.,
on stone boring, 50;
on the use of sand in sawing stone, 44

Truguet, M. Franck de, Swiss boring instrument found by, 46

Trunk interments, 398, 447, 448

Tube,
boring by means of, 47, 49, 52;
in Klemm collection, 49

_Tubularia_, hammer-head of fossil mass of, 229

Tumulus, mixing of objects of different date in, 210

Turquoise mines, stone hammers found in, 234

Turquoises on Mexican dagger-hilt, 325

“Turtle-backs” of Trenton, 80, 654

Tuscans, their ceremonial use of a bronze plough-share, 5

Tusks of wild boar in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427

Tweezers,
bone, 433;
bronze, 433, 440

“Twibill,” 146

Twigs, hafting of stone blade by, 347

Tylor, Mr. Alfred,
on detritus brought down by rivers, 667;
on fluviatile beds, near London, 584;
on the “Pluvial Period,” 698

Tylor, Dr. E. B.,
on etymology of “superstition,” 8;
on obsidian working in Peru, 24, 290;
on stone drilling, 48

Tyndall, Prof., on conditions of glacier formation, 698

U

Ulna of whale, axe made of, 435

_Ulus_, or Eskimo women’s knives, 343

Ulysses, his use of the drill, 48

“Underground house of Skaill,” objects found in, 255

Upsala, axe in museum of, with Runic inscription, 58

Urns,
bronze and stone objects in, 208, 269, &c.;
ornamented, found with bracer, 427;
jet ornaments with, 456;
wooden bodkin in, 433

Use, traces of, on implements, 504, 555, 647

Utensils, domestic, 436–451

V

Valleys,
climatal changes shewn by deposits in, 699;
erosion of, later than cave deposits, 513, 521;
erosion of, later than gravel deposits, 580;
erosion of, affected by changes of climate, 666, 676, 697;
erosion of, hypothetical, 662–678;
retrogression of heads of, 674, 683, 686

Valley slopes, detritus gradually left on, 673

Varro, his description of the _tribulum_, 284

Vegetable fibre,
use of, in hafting arrows, 407, 409;
matter, decaying, a source of carbonic acid, 675

Venus, Paphian, on Cypriote coins, 10

_Vesica piscis_-formed implements, 647

Vessels, stone, in English barrows, 450, 451

Vertebræ, human,
with arrow-heads embedded,
at the Grotte du Castellet, 375, 401;
in la Marne, 396;
near Copiapo, 406

Victoria Cave,
doubly barbed harpoon from, 505;
River, stone working on the banks of the, 26

Viking grave of woman, slick-stone in, 442

Villas, Roman, stone celts found in, 144

Vincent of Beauvais as to derivation of “silex,” 15

Vincent, M., his early discovery of flint implement, 527

Virginia, early account of arrow-chipping by Indians of, 40

Virgil,
bronze arms mentioned by, 4;
bronze sickle of Elissa, 5;
on flint and steel, 16;
quoted as to _jactare_, 147

Vivian, Mr. E., his examination of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 490

Vogt, Prof. Carl, suggestions as to stone roundels, 49

Vogué, M. de, Syrian palæolithic implement obtained by, 652

Von Estorff on stone boring, 49

Von Sacken, Baron, on the Hallstatt graves, 7

Vulgate, occurrence of _Celte_ in, 55

W

Wallong, the Australian, 243

Walrus, remains of, in Whittlesea Mere, 681

Walrus tooth used for tipping flaking tools, 24

Wapiti, chisels made from horn of, 434

War-axe
of Gaveoë Indians, 156;
of Nootka Sound Indians, 157

War,
blunting of axes for, 196;
or chase, probable use of stone balls in, 422;
decorations on weapons of, 226

War maces,
possible use of circular pebbles as, 231;
paint, interment of, with the dead, 264

Waring, Miss, drift implement found by, 608

“Warp and trail,” 593, 698

Warren, Mr. Hazzeldine, implements found by, 139, 603

Washing linen, “batting staff” employed in, 256

“Wasters,” presence of, in flint implement manufactories, 385, 649

Water,
its action on flint, 497;
carbonic-acid-charged, its action on chalk, 477, 557;
fresh, drift beds deposited by, 662;
transporting power of, 513;
transporting power dependent on rate of flow, 667

Water-mills, stone pivots and sockets for, 242

Watson, Mr. Knight, on the word _Celte_ in Vulgate, 56

Wauwyl, flint manufactory at, 22

Way, the late Mr. Albert,
his finds at Bournemouth, 635, 637;
on the submerged forest at Bournemouth, 695;
referred to, 74, 160, 254, 340, 347;
Miss, drift implement found by, 636

Weapons,
association of, with decorations in graves, 460;
bronze, in the heroic times, 4;
elaboration of, a mark of dignity, 216, 226;
hammer-heads as, 224;
probable use of perforated axes as, 215;
Scandinavian form of, found in Britain, 213;
wearing and re-chipping of, 349

Wear on implements, its evidence as to mode of use, 311

Weaving,
early practice of, 436;
possible use of perforated stones in, 237

Weaverthorpe, stag’s horn pick found at, 34

Wedding dress cut out by stone knife, 348

Wedge,
bone, 24;
certain celts possibly used as, 82, 87, 655;
of granite, 97;
tightening of hafting by means of, 233

Wells in the chalk, varying height of water in, 664

Westlake, Mr. E., implement found by, 632

Wexovius as to reindeer marrow, 504

Weights for scales, stones as, 443

Whale, axe made from ulna of, 435;
remains of near Cambridge, 681

Wheel-lock, use of pyrites in, 16

Whetstones, 261–271;
of the Bronze Period, 268;
in caves, 504;
Danish, 264, 265;
with gold cup in coffin, 449;
in interments, 185, 268, 271, 332, 353;
with iron loop for suspension, 270;
with metal handles, 270, 271;
Spanish perforated, 438

Whitaker, Mr. W., palæolithic implements found by, 538, 587, 607, 611,
612, 613

Whitbourn, the late Mr., implement found by, in Wey valley, 319, 594

White pebbles, symbolism of, 468

Whitening of flint, 497, 549, 556

Wild goose, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631

Wilde, Sir William,
on boring instruments for stone, 47;
on classification of arrow-heads, 370;
late use of stone implements recorded by, 11;
on Irish treatment of sick cattle, 365;
on use of celt in Irish weaving, 440;
referred to, 154, 177, 215, 223, 232, 270, 272, 308

Willett, Mr. Ernest,
his explorations at Cissbury, 78;
his discovery at Brighton, 622

William of Poitiers quoted, 146

Williams. Rev. T. J., on white stones in interments, 468

Wilson, the late Sir Daniel,
on American stone hammers, 235;
on celt found in canoe, 150;
on “elf-arrows,” 366;
on a find of “Picts’ knives,” 346;
on stone boring, 47;
on stone cups as lamps, 445

Wire, Mr. A. P., pointed implement found by, 603

“Witch-stone” as protection for cattle, 476

Withies, stone implements hafted by, 167, 168, 233, 239

“Witters” or barbs of arrow-heads, 370, _note_

“Women’s knives,” Eskimo, 343

Wood,
bodkin of, in urn, 433;
fire produced by friction of, 313;
fossil, from Thanet sands, 620;
method of preserving, 152;
spindles of, with Roman remains, 439;
split, hafting of daggers in, 349;
split, hafting of spear-heads in, 350;
stone boring by means of, 48, 49, 50, 52;
used for splintering obsidian, 24

Wood, Rev. J. G., his Nat. Hist. of Man referred to, 166, 167, 168, 299

Woods, various, used for hafting implements, 153, 155, 159, 160, 162,
163, 164

Wooden
cup with handle in barrow, 448;
figures, carved Egyptian, 369;
objects associated with celts, 152

Woodward, Dr. Henry,
crystal pick described by, 235;
the late Dr. S. P., referred to, 627

Woodward, Dr., his suggestion as to arrow-heads, 407

Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520

Wool, tissues of, in bronze interments, 437

Woollen cloth, skeleton wrapped in, 448

Worm, Olaf,
on early stone implements, 363;
his recognition of a Greenland harpoon, 410

Worsaae, Prof.,
suggestions as to early stone boring, 47, 48;
referred to, 191, 232, 261, 271, 278, 298, 308, 353, 448

Wright, Mr. Arthur G., drift implement found by, 539

Wrist-guards of stone, 425–428

Wyatt, the late Mr. James,
finds of implements, 572, 613;
his section of Ouse valley, 531;
referred to, 101, 110, 245, 340

Wye Valley, geological changes in, 521

Wyeth, Mr., on arrow-chipping by Snake River Indians, 40

X

Xanthorrhæa gum, its use in hafting hatchets, 137, 170

Xerxes, stone and iron-tipped arrows used by army of, 368

Y

Yew,
flake-handle of, 292;
in Hoxne beds, 575;
probable use of for British bows, 411

Young, Mr. Lambton, C.E., drift implement from the Thames found by, 588

Yun-nan, jade-working in, 110

Z

Zinck, M., his criticisms on distinctions between palæo- and neo-lithic
forms, 649

Zigzag
incised lines on sandstone cup, 444;
ornamentation on stone bracer, 430

Zunis of New Mexico, arrow-head charms among the, 367

|732|

INDEX, GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL.

BEDFORDSHIRE.
Bedford, 530, 645
Bedfordshire, 277
Biddenham, 495, 531, 532, 680
Biggleswade, 538
Bossington, 530
Cardington,531
Dallow Farm, near Luton, 598
Dunstable Downs, 72, 468
Harrowden, 531
Henlow, 536
Honey Hill, 531
Houghton Regis, 598
Kempston, 105, 125, 245, 340, 353, 531, 535
Leagrave Marsh, 598
Leighton Buzzard, 91, 530
Luton, 229
Maiden Bower, near Dunstable, 69, 281, 301, 310, 334, 374, 376, 379,
415
Miller’s Bog, near Pavenham, 101
Sandy, 427
Summerhouse Hill, 531
Tempsford, 536
Wanlud’s Bank, Luton, 68

BERKSHIRE.
Abingdon, 103, 389
Berkshire, 381
Cherbury Camp, Pusey, 111
Childrey, 391
Cholsey, 593
Cockmarsh, 309
Gould’s Heath, 393
Great Shefford, 309
Grovelands, 591
Kennet Mouth Pit, near Newtown, 592
Lambourn Down, 186, 318, 349, 384, 399, 434, 455
Maidenhead, 174, 591
Pig’s Green, near Reading, 592
Reading, 591, 592
Redlands, 592
Ruscombe, 591
Sunninghill, 229
Sutton Courtney, 389
Thatcham, near Newbury, 76
Wallingford, 343, 390, 592
Wokingham, 592

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Burnham, 591
Chalvey Grove, Eton Wick, 101
Dawley, near West Drayton, 591
Great Missenden, 596
Iver, 591
Langley, 591
Marlow, 591
Pulpit Wood, Prince’s Risborough, 281, 310
Taplow, 591

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Aldreth, 390
Barnwell Gravels, 538, 539
Bartlow Hills, 68
Bottisham Fen, 68, 73, 116, 174, 335, 350, 539
Bottisham Lode, 110
Bourn Fen, 383
Burnt Fen, Prickwillow, Ely, 68, 330, 351, 376, 383
Burwell Fen, 68, 72–75, 88, 92, 93, 107, 109, 115, 125, 174, 175, 178,
191, 263, 332, 336, 340, 343, 351, 390, 538
Cambridge, 310, 326, 340
Cambridge Fens, 70, 71, 92, 100, 104, 116, 125, 178, 251, 277, 332,
334, 343, 431, 538, 539, 680
Cambridgeshire, 77, 202, 251, 439, 443
Chatteris, 538
Chatteris Fen, 200, 384
Chesterford, 139, 194
Chesterton, 229, 538, 539
Coldham’s Common, 125
Coton, 101, 104, 116
Cottenham, 135, 200, 269
Digby Fen, 104
Ely, 202
Girton, 431
Grantchester, 129
Hare Park, 352
Histon, 103
Ickleton, 144
Inglewood Forest, 198
Isleham, 383
Jackdaw Hill, 351
Kate’s Bridge, 104
Kennett Station, 539
Litlington, 240
Manea, 116
March, 681
Melbourn, 173
Newmarket, 229
Orwell, Wimpole, 222
Quy Fen, 174, 340, 351
Rampton, 111
Reach Fen, 75, 88, 92, 102, 122, 138, 222, 383, 385, 389
Redmore Fen, Littleport, 228
Six-Mile Bottom, 539
Soham Fen, 116, 459, 539
Swaffham Fen, 92, 95, 110, 125, 191, 343, 431, 539
Upper Hare Park, 539
Waterbeach, 681, 687
Wicken Fen, 68, 389
Whittlesea Mere, 681

CHESHIRE.
Alderley Edge, 234
Cheshire, 200
Gatley, 243
Macclesfield, 251
Northenden, 194
Siddington, Macclesfield, 200
Tabley, Knutsford, 183
Tranmere, 151

CORNWALL.
Angrowse Mullion, 314
Bochym, Cury, 130, 242
Boscregan, 455
Brane Common, 269
Carn Brê, 309, 331, 334, 389
Cornwall, 56, 130, 251, 252, 253, 279, 437, 439
Falmouth, 107
Kerris Vaen, 257
Pelynt, 72, 214
Rillaton, 448, 449
St. Agnes, Truro, 389
St. Just, 84
Tregaseal, St. Just, 269
Trevelgue, 210
Truro, 122, 138

CUMBERLAND.
Burns, Keswick, 225
Carlisle, 202, 255
Castle Carrock, 330
Cumberland, 106, 112, 117, 194, 200, 257, 395
Ehenside Tarn, 133, 152, 200, 251, 259, 265
Great Salkeld, 117
Hallgaard Farm, Birdoswald, 224
Inglewood Forest, 198
Irthington, 353
Keswick, 96, 118, 225
Kirkoswald, 200
Lazenby Fell, 262
Melmerby, 240
Mawbray, 198
North Lonsdale, 200
Ousby Moor, 202
Penrith Beacon, 104
Plumpton, Penrith, 198
Red Dial, Wigton, 201
Rusland, 200
Solway Moss, 119
Troutbeck, 200
Wigton, 117

DERBYSHIRE.
Alsop, 467
Arbor Low, 72, 343, 352, 458
Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632
Bakewell, 463
Ballidon Moor, 280
Belper, 230
Biggin, 434
Blake Low, 352
Borrowash, 197
Borther Low, Middleton, 398
Brassington, 389
Breadsale Moor, 225
Brierlow, Buxton, 108
Buxton, 366, 455
Carder Low, Hartington, 194, 467
Castleton, 467
Church Hole Cave, Creswell, 522, 523
Cow Low, Buxton, 309, 457
Creswell Caves, 522
Cronkstone Hill, 309
Cross Low, Parwich, 149
Derbyshire Moors, 394, 400
Derbyshire, 143, 279, 309, 324, 332, 341, 352, 375, 377, 378, 381, 385,
389, 394, 400, 432, 459, 467
Dow Low, 313
Elton Moor, 139, 148, 313, 467
Gospel Hillock Barrow, Buxton, 149
Green Low, Alsop Moor, 313, 352, 388, 399, 416, 432
Grind Low, Over Haddon, 458
Haddon Field, 432
Harborough Rocks, 372
Hargate Wall, 457
Hay-Top Barrow, Monsal Dale, 463
Hollingsclough, 279
Hopton, 107
Hungry Bentley, 394, 463
Ken’s Low Farm, 214
Lean Low, Newhaven, 340
Liff’s Low, Biggin, 91, 148, 295
Longcliffe, 372
Mam Tor, 342
Middleton, 253, 467
Middleton Moor, 96, 136, 389, 393
Mining Low, 343
Monsal Dale, 309, 434
Mother Grundy’s Parlour, Creswell Crags, 522
Nether Low, Chelmorton, 352
Net Low, Alsop Moor, 453
Newhaven, 343
Parcelly Hay Barrow, Hartington, 214
Readon Hill, Ramshorn, 467
Ringham Low, 377
Robin Hood’s Cave, Creswell, 522, 523
Smerrill Moor, 432
Stanton Moor, 463
Thor’s Cave, 438
Three Lows, The, Wetton, 352
Throwley, 186, 467
Tideswell, 186
Upper Edge, 279
Wetton, 451
Winster, 198, 259
Wormhill, Buxton, 96, 104

DEVONSHIRE.
Ashbury, 200
Axminster, 639
Beer Head, 15
Blackbury Castle, 279
Bridge Farm, Tawton, 92
Brixham, 222
Brixham Cave, 490, 499, 512–517
Broad Down, Honiton, 264, 314, 445–7
Broom, 639
Burnt Tor, Dartmoor, 200
Cattedown, Plymouth, 517
Chagford, 331
Chard, 639
Comb-Pyne, 249
Croyde, 279
Cullompton, 639
Dartmoor, 257, 279, 389
Devonshire, 195, 279, 300, 421, 694
Happaway Cavern, Torquay, 517
Hartland, 89
Hawkchurch, 639
Holsworthy, 200
Kentisbeare, 630
Kent’s Cavern, Torquay, 321, 325, 465, 488–511, 535, 657
Langtree, 240
North Bovey, 192
Penbeacon, Dartmoor, 266
Plymouth, 389
Prince Town, Dartmoor, 378, 390
Thorverton, Exeter, 225
Tor Bryan Caves, Denbury, 516, 517
Torre Abbey Sands, Torbay, 415
Torquay, 116
Ugborough, 192
Withycombe Raleigh, 200

DORSETSHIRE.
Afflington, 456
Badbury Rings, 310
Blandford, 60, 390
Bradford Abbas, 309, 373
Creakmoor, Poole, 122
Dewlish, 638
Dorsetshire, 77, 248, 249, 279, 301, 389, 432, 691, 694
Farnham, 75
Hod Hill, 93, 176, 230, 310, 419
Isle of Portland, 113, 249
Iwerne Minster Down, 174, 379
Jordan Hill, Weymouth, 249
King Barrow, Stowborough, Wareham, 447
Knowle, 269
Langton, Blandford, 125
Lyme Regis, 35
Maiden Castle, 70
Morton, Dorchester, 91
Pistle Down, 377
Poundbury Camp, Dorchester, 301, 310
Povington, 445
Ridgway Hill, 328, 385
Tarrant Launceston, 126
Wareham, 127
Wimborne Minster, 634
Winterbourn Steepleton, 210
Woodcuts Common, 144, 448, 465

DURHAM.
Coves Houses, Wolsingham, 229
Cowshill in Weardale, 106
Heathery Burn Cave, Stanhope, 432, 464
Jarrow, 101
Lanchester Common, 383
Millfield, Sunderland, 194
Newton Ketton, 378
Raby Castle, 105
Sherburn, 125

ESSEX.
Audley End, 254
Barking, 603
Battlebridge, 583
Blunt’s Hill, Witham, 75
Clacton, 687
Colchester, 193, 578
East Ham, 603
Epping Forest, 254
Epping Uplands, 229
Felstead, 578
Forest Gate, 603
Gray’s, 15
Gray’s Thurrock, 603
Great Easton, Dunmow, 173
Grove Green Lane, Leyton, 603
Higham Hill, 603
Ilford, 603
Lake’s Farm, Camshall Lane, Wanstead, 603
Lea Marshes, 111
Lexden Park, Colchester, 578
Leyton, 603
Leytonstone, 603
Littlebury, Saffron Walden, 538
Little Thurrock, 536, 603
Mucking, 603
North End Place, Felstead, 578
Orsett, 603
Plaistow, 603
Quendon, 538
Rainham, 603
St. Swithin’s Farm, Barking Side, 603
Shoeburyness, 604
Southend, 603
Stifford, Gray’s Thurrock, 93, 229
Stratford, 603, 604
Temple Mills Lane, Stratford, 100
Tilbury, 603
Upton, 603
Wallend, 604
Waltham, 229
Walthamstow, 603
Walton-on-the-Naze, 125, 310
Wanstead, 603
West Ham, 603
Windmill Hill, Saffron Walden, 336
Wolseys, Dunmow, 351

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Cirencester, 116
Gloucestershire, 277, 381, 393, 400
Great Witcombe, 144
Hinchcombe, 89
Mitcheldean, 291
Oakley Park, Cirencester, 280
Rodmarton, 280, 377, 468
Snowshill, 212
Snow in the Wold, 390
Turkdean, 389
Uley, 280
Whittington Wood, 244

HAMPSHIRE.
Alton, 595
Andover, 70
Ashey Down, Isle of Wight, 469
Barton, 637, 687
Barton Cliff, 647
Basingstoke, 314
Bembridge, Isle of Wight, 105, 626, 693
Bere, Forest of, 77, 82
Bishopstow, 101
Boscombe, 635, 636
Bournemouth, 74, 291, 378, 390, 392, 635, 687, 690, 693–696
Bourne Valley Pottery, 636
Brown Down, 689
Brunage, 625
Chuton Bunny, 637
Dunmer, 72
Ellisfield Camp, 72
Fleming Arms, Swathling, 624
Fordingbridge, 634
Foreland, Isle of Wight, 626, 693
Freemantle, 623
Hampshire, 81, 92, 100, 279, 687
Hengistbury Head, 694
Hill Head, 623, 625, 689
Hordwell, 687, 694, 707
Horndean, 389
Isle of Wight, 78, 101, 687
Lee on the Solent, 626, 689
Lichfield, 309
Milford, 637
Minley Manor, Blackwater, 125
Needles, The, Isle of Wight, 691
New Forest, 687
Petersfield Heath, 468
Portsmouth, 111
Redbridge, 624
St. Mary Bourne, Andover, 70, 277, 281
Seaview, Isle of Wight, 626, 693
Selsey, 693, 701
Solent, 690, &c.
Southampton, 623, 688
Southampton, Town Pit, 624
Southampton Water, 689
Southbourne-on-Sea, 498
Southsea Common, 626
Stone, 638
Swathland, 624
Warsash, 626

HEREFORDSHIRE.
King Arthur’s Cave, Whitchurch, Ross, 521

HERTFORDSHIRE.
Abbot’s Langley, 78, 87, 139, 291, 301
Albury, Bishop’s Stortford, 100
Apsley, 597
Ashwell, 380, 382
Ayot St. Peter, 602
Baldock, 177
Bayford, 602
Bearton Green, Hitchin, 536
Bedmond, 78, 596, 597
Bengeo, 602
Bishop’s Stortford, 602
Bushey Park, Watford, 597
Caddington, 598, 686, 698
Eddlesborough and Tring, between, 382
Fisher’s Green, Stevenage, 602
Flamstead End, 603
Harpenden, 601
Hertford, 602
Hertfordshire, 70, 277, 664
Hitchin, 537
Hitchin and Pirton, between, 114, 437, 536, 685
Hunsdon, Ware, 389
Ickleford, Hitchin, 536
King’s Langley, 572
Knebworth, 602
Mount Pleasant, Kensworth, 600
No Man’s Land, Wheathampstead, 601, 602
North Mimms, 602
Panshanger, 101
Pesterford Bridge, Bishop’s Stortford, 603
St. Alban’s, 258
Sandridge, 229
Stocking Pelham, 603
Tring Grove, 383, 398, 426, 456
Verulamium, 283
Ware, 70, 228, 334, 602
Watford, 597
Wellbury, Offley, 190
Welwyn, 602
Welwyn Tunnel, 602
Wheathampstead, 601
Wigginton, 597

HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
Abbots Ripton, 538
Elton, Oundle, 573
Hartford, 104, 538
Keystone, 137
Little Orton, 573
Overton Longville, 573

KENT.
Ash, 144, 145, 608
Aylesford, 610
Bewley, 608
Bexley, 103, 357
Bigborough Hill, Canterbury, 389
Bigborough Wood, Tunford, Canterbury, 102
Bishopstone, 613
Canterbury, 70, 616, 618
Canterbury, New Cemetery, 620
Chart Farm, Ightham, 174, 608
Chatham, 469
Chatham, Engineering School, 611
Chilham, 542, 620
Chislet, 617
Cobham, 611
Cockerhurst Farm, Shoreham, 608
Crayford, 606, 607
Currie Farm, 605
Currie Wood, Shoreham, 605
Dartford Heath, 605
Dover, Priory Valley, 91
Erith, 607
Fane Hill, 608
Faversham, 611
Ferry Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 154
Folkestone, 281, 621
Galley Hill, 607
Gillingham, 611
Green Street Green, 604, 605
Grovehurst, Milton, 331, 357, 378
Hampton, 540
Hartlip, 611
Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 269
Herne Bay, 613
High Street, Chislet, 291
Hollingbourne, 258
Horton Kirby, 607
Ightham, 608
Isle of Thanet, 309, 331, 334
Kingsdown, 139
Kit’s Coty House, 378
Leeds Castle, 309
Lewisham, 604
Lullingstone, 608
Maidstone, 281, 353
Marden Church, 610
Meopham, 611
Milton, 310
Milton Street, 607
Moldash, 612
Newington, 611
North Downs, 609, 686
Northfleet, 607, 686, 703
Nursted, 611
Oldbury, Ightham, 92
Oldbury Hill, 608
Old Haven Gap, 617
Ospringe, Faversham, 611
Otterham Quay, Chatham, 611
Ramsgate, 389
Ravensbourne Valley, 604
Reculver, 613–617, 642
Regulbium, 283
Rowton Chapel, Lenham, 618
St. Mary, Hundred of Hoo, 611
Sandling, 610
Seal, 608
Selling, 612
Shoreham, 71
Sittingbourne, 279, 427
Slade’s Green Pit, Crayford, 606
Stoke, 611
Stone Pit Farm, 608
Stone Street, 608
Studhill, 617
Summer Hill, Canterbury, 279
Swalecliffe, 617
Swanscombe, 607
Teynham, 611
Thanington, 540, 619
Tunbridge, 309
Tweedale, 611
Wear Farm, Chislet, 620
West Malling, 610
West Wickham, 248, 295, 310, 334
Wickham Road, Lewisham, 604
Wincheap, Canterbury, 619, 620

LANCASHIRE.
Ayside, Newby Bridge, Windermere, 198
Bull Hill, 378, 380
Claughton Hall, Garstang, 210
Conishead Priory, 104
Dean, Bolton, 200
Furness, 202, 229
Haydock, Newton, 230
Heathwaite, Furness, 465
Hopwood, 200
Lancashire, 209, 257, 279, 325, 389
Lancaster, 427
Liverpool Docks, 168
Newton, 118
Saddleworth, 200
Shaw Hill, Flixton, 118
Silverdale, 230
Solway Moss, Longtown, 119, 151
Torver, 230
Toxteth, 96
Wavertree, 389
Windy Harbour Farm, Pendle, 117
Winwick, Warrington, 212

LEICESTERSHIRE.
Barrow-on-Soar, 200
Breedon, 259, 467
Cliff Hill, 103, 254
Leicester, 144, 200, 389, 435
Loughborough, 111, 129
Osbaston, 251
Sutton Cheney, 432
Wymeswold, 470

LINCOLNSHIRE.
Broughton, 279, 332
Fiskerton, 350
Gunthorpe, 373
Lincolnshire, 431
Manton, 389
Newport, 225
Spalding, 124

MIDDLESEX.
Abney Park Cemetery, 586
Acton, 589, 590, 591
Bull’s Cross, Enfield, 603
Bush Hill Park, Enfield, 603
Dalston, 586
Dawley, West Drayton, 591
Ealing Dean, 589
Ealing, The Mount, 591
Edmonton, 603
Forty Hill, Enfield, 603
Gunnersbury, 591
Hackney, 586
Hackney Downs, 584
Hanwell, 591
Highbury New Park, 585
Hillingdon, 591
Homerton, 586
Hounslow, 591
Hounslow, Heath, 334
Kingsland, 586
London, 127, 229, 530, 656
London, City, 586
London, Clerkenwell, 583, 586
London, Drury Lane, 583
London, Gray’s Inn Lane, 583
London, Jermyn Street, 583
London, London Fields, 586
London, Main Drainage Works, 101
London, Prince’s Street, Oxford Street, 583
Lower Clapton, 586, 587
Mildmay Park, 586
Mill Hill, 589
Northwood, Harefield, 102
Rowan Tree Farm, Lower Edmonton, 603
Shacklewell, 584, 586
South Hornsey, 586
Southwell, 591
Stamford Hill, 586, 587
Stoke Newington, 310, 586, 587
Teddington, 76, 279
Twickenham, 222
Upper Clapton, 586

MONMOUTHSHIRE.
Penhow, 269, 279

NORFOLK.
Ash Wicken, 572
Attleborough, 390
Aylsham, 100, 381
Barton Bendish, 100
Beachamwell, 100
Blofield, 100
Bolton, Great Yarmouth, 100
Breccles, 100
Bromehill Pit, Weeting, 560
Buckenham, 34
Caistor, 229
Catton, 15
Congham, 229
Corton Beach, Yarmouth, 357
Cromer, 253, 463, 572
Dull’s Lane, Loddon, 125
Dunham, 91
East Runton, 572
Eaton, 34
Elsing, 100
Feltwell, 174, 458
Gallows Corner, Aylmerton, 572
Grime’s Graves, Brandon, 33–35, 40, 72, 77, 125, 248, 277, 281, 322,
390, 431, 451
Harleston, 228
Heckingham Common, 103
Hilgay Fen, 100, 255
Hunstanton, 150
King’s Lynn, 572
Leziate, 572
Little Cressingham, 460
Little Dunham, 70
Lopham Ford, 107
Lyng, 229
Massingham Heath, 83
Narborough, Swaffham, 100
Narford, 231
Necton, 202, 390
Norfolk, 77, 200, 279
North Walsham, 173
Norwich, 77
Oxburgh, 100
Pentney, 103, 151
Redhill, Therford, 550, &c.
Rockland, 223
Shrub Hill, Feltwell, 96, 390, 550, 568, 569
South Wootton, 572
Sporle, Swaffham, 229, 240
Stanford, 91
Swannington, 110
Tasborough, 200
Thetford, 69, 75, 92, 93, 142, 291, 385
Thorpe, 91
Trimingham, 100
Wereham, Stoke Ferry, 142
Westacre Hall, 102
Weston, 90, 139
West Runton, Cromer, 572
Whitehill, 550, 556
Yarmouth, 229

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
Gilsborough, 110
King’s Sutton, 130
Little Wansford, Great Weldon, 350
Northampton, 124
Norton, Daventry, 352
Oundle, 301, 373, 378
Peterborough, 681
Pytchley, 281
Towcester, 104

NORTHUMBERLAND.
Alnwick, 199
Amble, 280
Barrasford, 200
Bellingham, North Tyne, 126
Birtley, 259
Branton, 126
Burradon, 103, 116
Chollerford, 330
Coldstream, 168
Doddington, 116
Eglingham, 463
Ford Common, 330, 333
Great Tosson, 453
Halton Chesters, 105
Harbottle Peels, 241
Haydon Bridge, 200
Helton, 202
Hipsburn, 200
Holystone, 194
Ilderton, 117
Kielder Burn, North Tyne, 388
Northumberland, 244, 331
Percy’s Leap, 235
Ponteland, 105
Seghill, 208
Shilbottle, 200
Thirstone, 200
Throckley Fell, 128
Tosson, Rothbury, 455
Twisel, Norham, 223
Weetwood, 253
Woodhall, Harbottle, 92

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
Beeston, 210
Sand Hills, Wollaton, 204

OXFORDSHIRE.
Alchester, 144, 442
Bagley Wood, 593
Barcoot, Dorchester, 264
Brighthampton, 294
Broadwell, 594
Callow Hill, 281, 309, 376
Caversham, 592
Caversham, Henley Road, 592
Cockshott Hill, Wychwood Forest, 160
Dorchester, 247
Dorchester, Dykes, 332, 384
Eynsham, 101
Ipsden, 593
Marston Ferry, 593
Oxford, 593
Oxfordshire, 279, 381, 400
Sarsden House, Chipping Norton, 390
Shiplake, 592
Standlake, 125, 389, 398
Toots Farm, Caversham, 592
Wolvercote, 593, 594

SHROPSHIRE.
Hardwick, Bishop’s Castle, 202

SOMERSETSHIRE.
Athelney, 468
Barwick, 390
Camerton, 269
Chard, 639
Cheddar Pass, 486
Glastonbury, 200
Hamden Hill, Ilchester, 396
Little Solsbury Hill, Bath, 25, 247, 277, 281, 310, 374
Priddy, 389
Somersetshire, 281
Stourton, 192, 200
West Coker, 249, 259
West Cranmore, 295
Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520
Worle Hill, 283

STAFFORDSHIRE.
Bailey Hill, 433
Beresford, 362
Castern, 263, 455
Elkstone, 253
Grub Low, 377
Leek, 362
Long Low, Wetton, 234, 377
Mouse Low, 399, 432
Musdin, 330
Ribden Low, 330, 432, 433
Shuttlestone Barrow, Parwich Moor, 309
Staffordshire, 377, 432
Stone, 202
Wetton, 451

SUFFOLK.
Alderton, 102
Bardwell, 192
Barrow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 439
Barton Mills, 390
Beeches Pit, West Stow, 542
Botany Bay, Brandon, 568
Botesdale, 100, 110
Brandon, 14, 17–21, 427, 550, 562, 568
Brick-kiln Farm, Brandon, 565, 566
Bury St. Edmund’s, 91, 174, 540, 656
Cardwell, 550
Cavenham, 142
Clare Castle, 229
Cross Bank, Mildenhall, 337
Culford, 88
Debenham, 91
Eriswell, 550
Eye, 229
Felixstow, 207, 218
Fornham All Saints, 542
Gravel Hill, Brandon, 507, 562, 563
Great Wratting, Haverhill, 229
Grindle Pit, Bury St. Edmund’s, 540
Grundisburgh, 100, 223
Helmingham, 280
Helperthorpe, 89
Hepworth, 100, 102
Herringswell, 539
High Lodge Hill, Mildenhall, 549, 643, 685
Hoxne, 373, 390, 530, 573, 574, 577
Icklingham, 14, 70, 87, 93, 176, 228, 249, 278, 281, 291, 329, 332,
334, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 373–375, 382, 383, 389, 390, 393,
543, 546, 643
Ipswich, 34, 100, 193, 353
Kenny Hill, Mildenhall, 78, 295
Kesgrave, 100
Lackford, 112, 113
Lakenheath, 73, 125, 307, 334, 340, 341, 373, 375, 376, 385, 389, 391,
393, 394
Livermere, 116
Maid’s Cross, 550;
Old Churchyard, 566;
The Broom, Maid’s Cross, 566
Market Weston, 100
Martlesham Hill, 89
Melford Junction, 578
Melton, Woodbridge, 174
Mildenhall, 42, 56, 67, 68, 73, 75, 88, 91, 93, 104, 110, 229, 230,
291, 336, 341
North Stow, 176, 356
Nowton, 542, 559
Playford, 101
Rampart Hill, Icklingham, 539, 543, 544, 545
Redgrave, 110, 228
Santon Downham, Thetford, 70, 92, 99, 542, 550, 552, 554–559, 647,
660
Shelley, 106
Sicklesmere, Bury St. Edmund’s, 542
Sproughton, 126
Stanifield, Bury St. Edmund’s, 228
Staunton, Ixworth, 389
Stonham, 281
Stow Heath, 100
Stowmarket, 110
Stutton, 578
Sudbury, 117, 578
Suffolk, 71, 89, 177, 248, 277, 279, 301, 307, 310, 324, 328, 332, 335,
337, 377, 381, 382, 383, 391, 393, 395, 400, 419, 539
Sutton, 111, 231, 427
Swan Brake, North Stow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 342
Thetford Warren, 74, 75, 556
Thingoe Hill, Bury St. Edmund’s, 541
Thurston, 97
Troston, 97, 128
Undley Common, Lakenheath, 94;
Hall, 100
Wangford, 389, 562
Warren Hill, 543, 544, 546, 547
Warren Lodge, 548
Westhall, 442
Westleton Walks, 179
Westley, 542
West Stow, 92, 176, 389
Wilton Heath, 193

SURREY.
Anstie Camp, Dorking, 389
Ash, Farnham, 101
Battersea Rise, 604
Carshalton, 351
Chart Park, Dorking, 389
Cookham, Maidenhead, 591
Croydon, 101
Earley, 592
Earlsfield, 604
East Hill, Wandsworth, 604
East Sheen, 591
Egham, 101
Farley Heath, 596
Farnham, 595
Frimley, 596
Godalming, 319
Hurlingham, 351
Kingston-on-Thames, 120;
Chelsea Waterworks at, 150
Lavender Hill, 604
Limpsfield, 609, 610
Lingfield Mark Camp, 389
Normandy, Wanborough, 228
Peasemarsh, Godalming, 353, 594
Peperharrow, 596
Redhill, 244, 277, 378
Reigate, 100, 229, 277, 278
Ridland’s Farm, Limpsfield, 610
Roehampton, 604
Sheen, 253
Sonning, 592
Surrey, 127, 279, 389
Titsey, 144, 230
Walton-on-Thames, 351
West Hill, Wandsworth, 604
Wishmoor, 70
Wisley, 101
Wracklesham, 596

SUSSEX.
Alfriston, 84, 148
Avisford Bridge, 687
Bell’s Field, Friston, 622
Beltout Castle, 281
Berling Gap, 301, 303, 305
Bow Hill, 268
Brighton (Elephant bed), 622
Cissbury, 32, 33, 35, 72, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 248, 277, 281
Clayton Hill, 76
Cliffe, Lewes, 229
Crow Link Gap, East Dean, 622
Cuckmare Haven, 304
Eastbourne, 76, 87, 126, 144, 179, 357
Hardham, 283
Hastings, 71, 281, 309, 325, 389
High Down, Ferring, 314
Horsham, 389
Hove, Brighton, 185, 268, 449
Mitchdean, 154
Mount Caburn, Lewes, 229, 249, 268, 440
Mount Harry, Lewes, 174
Newhaven, 278, 295
Newhaven and Telscombe, between, 71
Oving, Chichester, 69
Pallingham Quay, 229
Possingworth Manor, Uckfield, 281
Pulborough, 254
Pycombe Hill, 93
Ringwood Gore Farm, East Dean, 94
St. Leonard’s Forest, Horsham, 229, 295, 389
Seaford, 71, 149, 249, 278, 295, 309
Sussex, 68, 84, 277, 279, 301, 419, 443
Sussex Downs, 32, 36, 79, 101, 248, 263, 307, 310, 319, 400
Willington Mill, 341
Windore Hill, Alfriston, 308
Wolsonbury, 465

WARWICKSHIRE.
Castle Ring, Cannock Chase, 281
Hartshill Common, 187
Rugby, 259
Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry, 240
Saltley, 522, 578
Sutton Coldfield, 224
Walsgrave-upon-Sowe, 198

WESTMORLAND.
Burns, Ambleside, 235
Haversham, 201
Loughrigg Tarn, 133
Westmorland, 112, 117, 200, 235

WILTSHIRE.
Aldbourne, Hungerford, 78, 96, 227, 427, 463, 466
Alton Down, 377
Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632
Ashton Valley, 210
Avebury, 248, 281, 332, 454, 467
Avebury Down, 309
Bemerton, 70, 627–629, 632
Bradford Abbas, 281
Breamore, 107, 632
Brigmilston, 280, 314
Britford, Salisbury, 632
Bulford, 427
Bush Barrow, Normanton, 227
Clarendon, 15
Collingbourne, 434
Collingbourne Ducis, 254
Cop Hill Barrow, Warminster, 434
Crudwell, 111
Cutterly Clump, 378
Downton, 632
Durrington, 269
Durrington Walls, 308, 352, 455
East Kennet, 193
Elm Grove, Milford Hill, 632
Everley, 160, 268, 291, 384, 466
Everley and Amesbury, between, 314
Fisherton, 628
Fisherton Anger, 630
Fovant, 385, 455
Fyfield, 377
Galley Hill, 656
Great Bedwin, 102
Hacpen Hill, 432
Hamptworth, 335
Harnham Hill, 283
Heytesbury, 254
Highfield, Salisbury, 251, 538, 629
Kingston Deverill, 460
Knook Castle, Upton Lovel, 148
Lambourn Downs, 186, 308, 318, 349
Lake, Salisbury, 125, 269, 388, 627
Liddington, 229
Littleton Drew, 280
Long Street Down, 280
Marlborough, 229, 230
Mere Down, 427
Milford Hill, 631–633
Milton, Pewsey, 390
Monkton Down, 328
Morgan’s Hill, 309
Normanton Down, 267, 269
Norton, Daventree, 352
Ogbourne, 377
Overton Hill, 295
Ozengall, 283
Peter’s Finger, Salisbury, 277
Pewsey, 627
Pick Rudge Farm, Overton, 339, 380
Rolston Field, 186
Rotherley, 309
Roundway Hill, Devizes, 268, 398, 426
Rushmore Park, 309
Salisbury, 627
Salisbury, Plain, 202
Selwood, Stourton, 198, 211
Silk Hill Barrow, 269
South Newton, 628
Stanton Fitzwarren, 101
Stonehenge, 107, 212, 269, 291, 352, 466
Stourton, 192
Sutton, 427
Temple Bottom, 434
Upton Lovel Barrow Down, 88, 143, 148, 213, 244, 267, 428, 431, 456,
460, 467
Walker’s Hill, 377
West Kennet, 248, 250, 263, 277, 280, 291, 294, 309, 432, 463
Wilsford, 213, 268, 269, 398
Wiltshire, 77, 83, 244, 260, 267, 279, 310, 352, 385, 389, 396, 397,
456
Windmill Hill, Avebury, 186, 385
Winterbourn Bassett, 240
Winterbourn Stoke, 266, 277, 280, 309, 371, 466
Wishford, Great Bedwin, 111
Woodyates Barrow, 385, 397

WORCESTERSHIRE.
Aldington, 426
Bewdley, 186
Doddenham, 230
Grimley, 186, 202
Lindridge, 427
Worcestershire, 393

YORKSHIRE.
Acklam Wold, 140, 415
Aldro’, Malton, 205
Allerston, 189
Amotherby, Malton, 105, 379, 391
Athelney, 468
Baildon Common, 388
Barmston, 128
Barugh, 114
Bempton, 72
Birdsall, Malton, 126
Bishop’s Burton, 331
Bridlington, 124, 125, 176, 242, 251, 290, 295, 307, 322–324, 329, 332,
335, 339, 340, 581
Brompton, 386
Brompton Carr, 202
Broughton-in-Craven, 208, 269
Buckthorpe, 205
Butterwick, 374, 453
Calais Wold Barrow, Pocklington, 371, 377, 455
Carnaby Moor, 91, 115
Cawton, 206
Charleston, Bridlington, 176, 290, 291
Cleveland, 252
Cliffe, Carlebury, 389
Corbridge Fell, 244
Cowlam, 176, 207, 262, 267, 434
Coxwold, 206
Crambe, 125, 345
Crosby, Garrett Fell, 317
Dalton, 176
Danby, North Moors, 211
Drewton, North Cave, 269
Driffield, 280, 328, 456
Duggleby, 140
Easton, Bridlington, 128, 243
Egton, 459
Egton, Bridge, 462
Etton, 331
Fimber, 105, 140, 266, 337, 341, 356, 380, 393, 462
Flamborough, 225
Flixton, 335
Folkton Wold, 421
Fridaythorpe, 105
Fylingdales, 463
Ganthorpe, 181
Ganton, 94, 241
Ganton, Wold, 73, 89, 267, 335, 336, 356, 358
Garton, 91, 350
Gilling, Vale of Mowbray, 119, 120, 339
Grindale, Bridlington, 96, 249, 375
Gristhorpe Barrow, Scarborough, 279, 398
Harome, Ryedale, 133, 221, 343, 344
Helmsley, 239
Helperthorpe, 89, 177, 262, 302
Heslerton Carr, 120
Heslerton Wold, 202, 224, 357
Holme, Spalding Moor, 100, 117
Hull, 202
Hunmanby, 184, 187, 455
Huntow, Bridlington, 181, 243, 342, 572
Jervaux, Bedale, 204
Kelleythorpe, Driffield, 429
Kilham, 91
King’s Field, Bridlington, 91
Kirby Underdale, 91
Kirklington, 209
Lady Graves, Fimber, 91
Langdale End, 391
Leeds, 222
Malton, 46, 105, 128, 135
Marton, 332
Mennithorpe, 136
North Burton, 96
Northdale, Bridlington, 174, 334
Northdale Farm, Grindale, Bridlington, 378, 382, 392
North Holme, 128
Norton, Malton, 102
Nunnington, 104, 115, 116, 191
Osgodby, 122
Oulston, 106
Pickering, 148, 197, 207, 250, 253, 279, 291, 352, 459
Pilmoor, 128, 191
Potter Brompton Wold, 194, 332
Ravenhill Tumulus, Scarborough, 143
Robin Hood Butts, Scarborough, 330
Rochdale, 389
Rookdale, 396
Rudstone, 34, 176, 195, 230, 235, 245, 265, 295, 307, 308, 316, 330,
331, 334, 356, 384, 454, 467
Rye Bank, Ness, 119
Ryedale, 136, 344
Salton, 228
Sawdon, 89, 415
Scalby, Scarborough, 202
Scampston, 126, 438
Scamridge, 77, 246, 247, 335
Scamridge Dykes, 121
Scarborough, 160, 221, 269, 332
Seackleton, 191
Seamer, 91, 126
Seamer Moor, 96, 105, 148, 290, 371, 379, 399
Settle, 435
Settle, Victoria Cave at, 505, 524
Sewerby, Bridlington, 355
Sherburn, 34, 128, 295, 331, 391
Sherburn, Carr, 342
Sherburn, Wold, 333, 380, 385
Skelton Moors, 198, 211
Sledmere, 195
Snainton Moor, 333
South Back Lane, Bridlington, 129
South Dalton, Beverley, 190
Speeton, Bridlington, 125
Stainton Dale, Scarborough, 198
Stanwick, 210
Swinton, Malton, 121
Thixendale, 128
Thorn Marsh, 102
Thwing, 454
Topcliffe, 268
Uncleby, 96, 271, 283
Weapon Ness, 223
Weaverthorpe, 34, 243, 246, 266, 276, 300, 302, 331, 391, 439
Weaverthorpe Ling, 461
Westerdale Moors, 211
West Huntow, Bridlington, 334
Wetwang, 356
Whitby, 187, 191, 196, 295, 343, 459
Whitwell, 122
Willerby, 125
Willerby, Carr, 189, 228
Willerby, Wold, 89, 180, 334, 374
Wold Newton, 243
Wykeham Moor, 331
York, 92, 96, 150, 334
Yorkshire, 41, 77, 143, 177, 186, 200, 277, 279, 290, 304, 307, 331,
341, 345, 374, 377, 389, 391, 392, 393, 395, 420, 440–443
Yorkshire Barrows, 244, 245, 309, 432, 468
Yorkshire Wolds, 23, 30, 77, 89, 223, 248, 262, 266, 276, 290, 294,
301, 302, 303, 304, 308, 310, 311, 319, 322, 323, 324, 328,
329, 352, 356, 374, 376, 378, 379, 381, 382, 385, 389, 390,
400, 412, 415, 416

ISLE OF MAN.
Cregneesh, 378
Isle of Man, 444
Port Erin, 378
Port St. Mary, 277

CHANNEL ISLANDS.
Channel Islands, 57, 188
Guernsey, 127, 188, 401
Herm, 247
_La Roche qui sonne_, 464
St. Clement’s, Jersey, 396
St. Sampson, Guernsey, 141

RIVERS.
Avon, Valley of, 626, 627, 632–634, 692
Axe, Valley of, 639
Beane, 602
Blackwater, 692
Bourne, Valley of, 631, 636, 637, 695
Bulbourne, Valley of, 597
Cam, Valley of, 538, 539
Chelmer, 578
Cherwell, 593
Colne, Valley of, 578, 597
Cray, Valley of, 604, 605
Culm, Valley of, 639
Darent, Valley of, 605–607, 609, 610
Gade, Valley of, 596, 597
Gipping, Valley of, 578
Goldstream, 574
Hamble, Valley of, 689
Hiz, Valley of, 536–538
Itchen, Valley of, 622, 688
Ivel, Valley of, 536–538
Kent, Valley of, 542
Kennet, 592
Lambourn, 126
Lark, Valley of, 499, 539–543, 554, 559, 681, 682
Lea, 229;
Valley of, 586, 598, 602, 603
Linnet, 540
Little Ouse, Valley of, 551–559, 681–683, 707
Maran, Valley of, 602
Medway, Valley of, 608, 610
Misbourne, Valley of, 596
Nadder, 630
Nar, or Setchy, 572
Nene, 681
Oughton, 536
Ouse, Valley of, 530, 531, 680
Ravensbourne, Valley of, 604
Rea, Valley of, 578, 579
Severn, at Ribbesford, 210
Shode, Valley of, 608
Solent, Valley of the ancient, 635
Stort, Valley of, 602
Stour, Valley of, 578, 618, 619, 634, 687–692
Swale, Valley of, 686
Teise, Valley of, 610
Ter, Valley of, 578
Test, Valley of, 622, 688
Thames, 74, 75, 91, 123, 206, 222, 229, 350, 389, 431, 581;
Valley of, 581, 604–607, 668, 685;
at Battersea, 71, 237, 587, 588;
Chelsea, 588;
Coway Stakes, Egham, 110;
Greenwich, 357;
Hammersmith, 588;
Hampton Court, 110;
Kew, 161, 434;
London, 100, 122, 195, 210, 213, 219, 350, 357;
London Bridge, 351;
Long Wittenbam, 337;
Oxford, 594;
Parliament Stairs, 194;
Putney, 588;
Reading, 143;
Richmond, 588;
Teddington, 100;
Twickenham, 174;
Wandsworth, 434, 588;
Windsor, 227, 341, 431
Thet, 550
Trent, at Beeston, 210
Trent or Piddle, Valley of, 638, 692
Ver, Valley of, 597
Wandle, Valley of, 604
Waveney, Valley of, 573, 577, 578, 683, 684
Wear, 193
Wey, Valley of, 594–596
Wiley, Valley of, 628–630
Wissey, or Stoke, 572
Wye, 521

WALES.
South Wales, 439

ANGLESEA.
Amlwch Parys Mine, 234
Anglesea, 84, 104, 198, 236, 247, 251, 252, 257, 259, 260, 269, 309,
438, 450, 463
Caer Leb, Llanidan, 230, 468
Heneglwys, 281
Holyhead, Island of, 230, 244, 248, 254, 257, 264, 270, 309, 438, 455
Llangwyllog, 103, 460
Llanidan, 234
Old Geir, 234, 236, 249
Penmynydd, 468
Pen-y-bonc, Holyhead, 89, 230, 234, 247, 252, 442, 459
Ty Mawr, 230, 234, 248, 251, 252, 270, 438, 450, 466

BRECON.
Hay, 328
Ty ddu Llanelieu, 353

CARDIGANSHIRE.
Lampeter, 259
Llangynfelin Mine, 234

CARMARTHENSHIRE.
Cae Gwyn, 521
Coygan Cave, 521
Ffynnon Beunos Cave, 521
Pont Newydd Cave, Cefn, 521

CARNARVONSHIRE.
Aber, 262
Bangor, 279
Carreg-y-Saelhau, Aber, 262
Dwygyfylchi, 84
Llandudno, 233
Llanfairfechan, 198
Nantlle, 236
Pen-maen-mawr, 84, 450
Tomen-y-Mur, 433

DENBIGHSHIRE.
Brynbugeilen, Llangollen, 279
Denbighshire, 244
Moel Fenlli, Ruthin, 239, 283
Pentrefoelas, 340
Rhos Digre, 126
Ty-newydd, Llansilin, 143

GLAMORGANSHIRE.
Cardiff, 110
Llanmadock in Gower, 187
Long Hole, Gower, 520
Melyn Works, Neath, 125
Paviland Caves, 487, 520

MERIONETHSHIRE.
Cader Idris, 198
Harlech, 279
Llanaber, 279
Maesmore, near Corwen, 226
Merionethshire, 279

MONTGOMERYSHIRE.
Carno, 281, 389, 438
Llanbrynmair, 202
Llanidloes, 198
Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant, 225
Rhayader, 230
Snow Brook Lead Mines, Plinlimmon, 234
Trefeglwys, 240, 342

PEMBROKESHIRE.
Hoyle’s Mouth, Tenby, 521
Oyle Cave, Tenby, 521
Pembrokeshire, 230
St. Botolph’s Priory, 242
Tenby, 383

RADNOR.
Abbey Cwm Hir, 230

SCOTLAND.
Scotland, 123, 199, 200, 242, 245, 252, 255, 267, 269, 270, 322, 323,
338, 377, 378, 386, 419, 420, 437, 439, 442, 443, 469