Chapter XXV: Antiquity of the River-Drift (6)

ABERDEENSHIRE.
Aberdeenshire, 22, 97, 103, 130, 149, 199, 236, 244, 250, 280, 333,
362, 377, 386, 444
Ashogall, Turriff, 224
Ballater, 421
Ballogie, 428
Balmoral, 444
Bogingarry, Old Deer, 89, 94
Brindy Hill, 117
Clashfarquhar, 280
Cloister-Seat Farm, Udny, 388
Corennie, Hill of, 413
Critchie, Inverurie, 197
Cromar, 291, 338, 388, 444
Crookmore, Tullynessle, 444
Cruden, 149, 388, 398, 425, 463
Don River, 22
Drumkesk, Aboyne, 444
Dudwick, 420
Ellon, 390
Fernie Brae, Slains, 138
Forgue, 388
Fyvie, 408, 428
Gallow Hill, Turriff, 224
Garioch, Chapel of, 420
Kildrummy, 388
Kinellar, 388
Kintore, 342, 388
Knockargity, 444
Leochel River, 22
Loch Skene, 463
Migvie, Tarland, 420
Newburgh, 68
Newton, 106
Old Deer, 35
Rothie, 459
Slains, 388
Strathdon, 388, 444
Tarland, 331, 388
Towie, 421
Turriff, 342
Tyrie, 237
Udny, 331
Ythanside, Gight, 230

ARGYLLSHIRE.
Ardrossan, 198
Argyllshire, 242, 280
Campbelton, Kintire, 143
Inveraray, 211
Island of Coll, 241
Islay, 442
Southend, Kintire, 143
Strachur, 338

AYRSHIRE.
Ardrossan, 198
Ayrshire, 310, 388
Kilmarnock, 386, 420
Kirkmichael, 353
Lochlee, 247
Maybole, 440
Middleton, Stevenston, 198
Stevenston, 456

BANFF.
Alvah, 388
Balveny, 357
Banff, 280, 377, 387, 444
Bowiebank, King Edward, 388
Cullen, cave near, 252
Cullen of Buchan, 388
Cullen, Bin of, 280
Eden, 388
Forglen, 296
Glen Avon, 388
Glenlivet, 386
Lesmurdie, 282, 388
Longman, Macduff, 230, 388
Mains of Auchmedden, 388
Montblairy, 386, 420
Mortlach, 388

BERWICKSHIRE.
Berwickshire, 108, 130
Butterlaw, Coldstream, 338
Dunse Castle, 202
Fireburn Mill, Coldstream, 189
Lamberton Moor, 264

BUTE.
Ambrisbeg Hill, 128
Isle of Arran, 225, 280
Mountstuart, 460

CAITHNESS.
Aucorn, 451
Breckigoe, 195
Caithness, 129, 221, 222, 281, 291, 376, 388, 444, 451
Camster, 338
Horned Cairn of Get, Garrywhin, 376
Kettleburn, 259, 440
Ormiegill Ulbster, 338
Wick, 208, 220, 252, 451

CLACKMANNAN.
Alloa, 230
Tillicoultry, 280
Tillicoultry Bridge, 199

CROMARTYSHIRE.
Cat’s Cairn, 149

DUMFRIESSHIRE.
Annandale, 195
Dumfriesshire, 420
Gretna Green, 388
Mains, Dumfries, 108
Robgill, 388
Ruthwell, 388

EAST LOTHIAN.
East Lothian, 259
Gilmerton, 103, 130
Longniddry, 213
Pencaitland, 463
Stenton, 269, 332

EDINBURGH.
Edinburgh, 259
Leith, 200
Redhall, 106
Trinity, 142

ELGIN (see also MORAYSHIRE)
Culbin Sands, 249, 280, 295, 319, 320, 324, 331, 339, 372, 377, 388
Elgin, 280, 377
Fochabers, 112
Rafford, 459
Urquhart, 90, 226, 280, 310, 328, 331, 338, 376, 377, 378, 386, 388,
394, 395

FIFE.
Balmerino, 202
Dairsie, 388
Dunfermline, 109
Dunino, 270
Fifeshire, 126, 241
Kirkcaldy, 112, 120
Ormiston Abdie, 190
St. Andrew’s, Lhanbryd, 388
Tay River, near Newburgh, 184
Tayfield, 457, 475

FORFARSHIRE.
Aberlemno, 459
Balcalk, Tealing, 460
Carmyllie, 388
Dundee, 89, 92, 114
Dundee Law, 453
Dunnichen, 270
Drumour, Glenshee, 119, 133
East Braikie, 420
Forfarshire, 128, 230, 390, 444, 451, 469
Glamis, 224
Glenshee, 151, 154
Guthrie, 353
Letham, 450
Leuchland Toll, Brechin, 459
Lunan-head, 457
Montrose, Tidal Basin at, 224

HADDINGTON.
Gullane Links, 310
Nunraw, 353

INVERNESS.
Abernethy, 388
Ballachulish, 231, 386
Daviot, 107, 135, 149, 254
Druim-a-shi, Culloden, 112, 149
Roy Bridge, 259

KINCARDINE.
Arbuthnot, 388
Bervie, 388
Cleugh, Glenbervie, 230
Dunnottar Castle, 242
Fordoun, 91, 388, 413, 459
Garvoch Hill, 421
Little Barras, Drumlithie, 138
Pitlochrie, 230, 342
Tullo of Garvoch, 420

KINROSS.
Lochleven, 114

KINTIRE.
West Coast of, 263

KIRKCUDBRIGHT.
Balmaclellan, New Galloway, 219, 259
Borness, 270
Castle Douglas, 202
Kelton, 199
Parton, 451

LANARKSHIRE.
Aikbrae, Culter, 179, 201
Biggar, 420
Braidwood, 388
Carluke, 242, 388
Crawfurd Moor, 454
Culter, 230, 237, 242, 442
Dolphinton, 154
Glasgow, 129, 150
Lanark, 280, 342, 387, 396
Lesmahago, 456

LINLITHGOW.
Dalmeny, 113
Silvermine, Torphichen, 200

MIDLOTHIAN.
Cobbinshaw Loch, West Calder, 184

MORAYSHIRE.
Elchies, 388
Keith, 388
Morayshire, 377, 444
Old Town of Roseisle, 388

NAIRN.
Cawdor Castle, 434

PEEBLES.
Linton, 388
South Slipperfield, West Linton, 91

PERTHSHIRE.
Aberfeldy, 109
Abernethy, 187
Benlochy, Blairgowrie, 250
Doune, 224
Dunning, 240
Dunsinane, 259
Needless, 444
Perth, 281, 444
Pitlochrie, 230
Rattray, 109
Tay, near Mugdrum Island, 194

RENFREWSHIRE.
Houstoun, 459

ROSS-SHIRE.
Assynt, 457
Dalmore, Alness, 331, 425
Flowerburn, 318
Fyrish, Evantown, 425
Kinlochew, 91
Standing Stones of Rayne, 42

ROXBURGHSHIRE.
Craigfordmains, 296, 335
Cunzierton, Jedburgh, 109
Lempitlaw, 119
Roxburgh, 112, 280
Sprouston, Kelso, 115, 206
Teindside, Minto, 318

SELKIRKSHIRE.
Philiphaugh, 244, 388
Yarrow, 456

STIRLINGSHIRE.
Blair-Drummond, 222, 346
Craigengelt, 194, 353
Falkirk, Carse of, 488
Fochabers, 112
Killearn, 387, 388
Meiklewood, 346
Stirling, 133
Stirlingshire, 118, 132
Tappock, Torwood, 463

SUTHERLANDSHIRE.
Golspie, 391
Kintradwell, 271
Melness, 142
Sutherland, 444
Torrish, 457

WIGTOWNSHIRE.
Baldoon, 256
Burgh-head, 388
Claycrop, Kirkinner, 220
Dowalton, Sorbie, 440
Earlston, 339
Ervie, Glenluce, 154
Goldenoch Moor, 240, 241
Glenluce, 109, 263, 269, 280, 296, 339, 376, 377, 388, 391, 428, 455,
464, 466
Kirklauchline, 131, 135
Machermore Loch, 241
Portpatrick, 230
Sorbie, 194
Stranraer, 259
West Calder, 466
Wick, 252, 451
Wigtownshire, 199, 234, 247, 310, 466

HEBRIDES.
Broadford Bay, Isle of Skye, 425, 427
Coll, Island of, 241
Harris, Island of, 437
Hebrides, 252, 258
Lewis, Island of, 348, 437
Mull, Isle of, 428
Skye, Isle of, 112, 117, 386, 387, 421, 444
South Uist, Isle of, 440
Western Islands, 470

ORKNEYS.
Blows Moss, South Ronaldsay, 353
Firth, 221, 238
Lingrow, Broch of, Scapa, 221, 271, 416
Northmavine, 76
Orem’s Fancy, Stronsay, 468
Orkneys, 97, 150, 171, 255, 257, 280, 345, 348, 421, 440, 443, 451
Quoyness, Sanday, 255
Rousay, 328
Shapinsay, 269, 387
Skaill, Underground House of, 255, 281
Skara, Skaill, 264, 450
Stronsay, 206
Unstan Cairn, 372, 415

SHETLAND ISLANDS.
Bressay, 256
Clickemin, Lerwick, 138
Cunningsburgh, 128
Easterskild, Sandsting, 346
Firth, 221
Hillswick, 345
Lerwick, 130
Lunnasting, 124
Sand Lodge, 440
Sandsting, 124, 346
Sandwick, 190
Scarpiegarth, 221
Selter, Walls, 124
Shetland, 116, 122, 123, 124, 130, 135, 138, 150, 208, 221, 234, 236,
252, 255, 345, 346–8, 353, 444, 451
Tresta, Aithsting, 124
Trondra, 124
Unst, Isle of, 450
West Burrafirth, 116
Whiteness, 224
Yell, Isle of, 124

IRELAND.
Antrim, 310, 358
Armagh, 115
Arran, Island of, 469
Ballykillen Bog, King’s Co., 408
Ballymena, Antrim, 342, 421
Bann River, 198, 349;
Lower, 353;
Valley of, 286
Belfast Lough, 286
Cookstown, Tyrone, 154
Cork, 234, 251
Dundrum, Down, 466
Bay, 20
Farney, 223, 224
Ireland, 84, 85, 124, 128, 130, 137, 140, 142, 150, 175, 177, 194, 218,
223, 224, 232, 237, 241, 242, 247, 251, 253, 269, 270, 310, 320,
322, 326, 328, 329, 342, 365, 372, 390, 392, 394, 399, 400, 420,
422, 428, 437, 468
Kanestown Bog, Antrim, 408
Kilkenny, 258
Killarney, 234
Lough Gur, 224
Lough Neagh, 77, 175, 181, 291, 649
Monaghan, 154
Portglenone, 353
Toome Bridge, Lough Neagh, 286
Trillick, Tyrone, 445
Tullamore, King’s Co., 224
Ulster, 73, 92, 286

FRANCE

AISNE.
Aisne, 401, 647
Caranda, 327
Chassemy, 252
Laon, 402
Sablonnières, 397
Soissons, 109, 327

ALPES MARITIMES.
Mentone, 475, 487

ARDÈCHE.
Du Charnier, 327

ARIÈGE.
Massat, Caves of, 560
Pyrenees, Caves of the, 281

AUBE.
Troyes, 527

AUVERGNE.
Province of, 43, 286, 402
Corente, 401

AVEYRON.
Des Costes, 401
Mont Sargel, 160
Mur de Barrez, 35
Pilaude, 401
St. Jean d’Alcas, 327, 354, 401
Taurine, Dolmen of, 401
Vinnac, Dolmen of, 352

BRITTANY.
Province of, 57, 62, 109, 142, 253, 268, 395, 400, 401
Carnac, 135, 212, 249, 465
Ile d’Arg, 318
La Table des Marchands, Locmariaker, 153
Ploucour, 340

CHAMPAGNE.
Province of, 69, 528

CHARENTE.
Department of, 187, 262, 335
Bernac, Dolmen of, 77, 401
La Péruse, 401
Tilloux, 528

CORRÈZE.
Department of, 528

CÔTE D’OR.
Labruyère, 144

CÔTES DU NORD.
Department of, 400, 428
Bois du Rocher, Dinan, 528

DAUPHINÉ.
Province of, 133

DORDOGNE.
Department of, 262, 528
Caves of, 292, 296, 329, 476, 478–481
La Madelaine, 248, 484, 505
Laugerie basse, 506
Laugerie haute, 53, 498
Le Moustier, 79, 483, 496, 500, 501, 515, 548
Les Eyzies, 501, 506
Mas d’Azil, 484

EURE ET LOIRE.
Chateaudun, 252
Marboué, 528
Neuilly-sur-Eure, 327
St. Jean, Chateaudun, 109
St. Prest, Chartres, 658

FINISTÈRE.
Department of, 141

FRANCE.
22, 70, 85, 87, 97, 113, 114, 124, 125, 127, 130–136, 140, 147, 154,
186, 205, 216, 286, 299, 310, 311, 320, 325, 395, 396, 435, 465,
470, 653, 657;
North of, 93;
South of, 40, 43, 245, 277, 333, 475, 476, 480, 481, 510, 511

GARD.
Department of, 401
Grailhe, Dolmen of, 354
Grotte des Morts, Durfort, 335, 337, 402
Grotte du Castellet, 373, 401
Grotte Duruthy, 327

GERS.
Pauilhac, Valley of Gers, 286

GIRONDE.
Department of, 401

HAUTE GARONNE.
Aurignac, Cave of, 499
Toulouse, 528

INDRE ET LOIRE.
Department of, 528
Pressigny le Grand, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 69, 262, 278, 286

LANDES.
Department of, 401
Poyanne, 231
Sourdes, 43

LOIR ET CHER.
Pontlevoy, 69, 314, 396
Vendôme, 538

LOIRE INFÉRIEURE.
Department of, 135
Dijon, 465
Mont Beuvray, 144
Penhouet, St. Nazaire-sur-Loire, 160
Pornic, 176

LORRAINE.
Province of, 286

LOZÈRE.
Dolmens of the, 268, 327, 354

LYONNAIS.
Mont d’Or, 244

MACONNAIS.
District of the, 528

MORBIHAN.
Department of, 385
Bernon, Arzon, 109
Cruguel, 400
Rocher de Beg-er-Goallenner, Quiberon, 318

NIÈVRE.
Department of, 528

NORD.
Quiévy, 528

OISE.
Beauvais, 182, 528, 541
Breteuil, 109
Camp de Catenoy, 69, 176, 262, 286, 396
Champignolles, 35
Hermes, 314
Montguillain, Beauvais, 528, 541
Sérifontaine, 35

PAS DE CALAIS.
Guînes, 528
Hydrequent, 647
Sangatte, 528
Vaudricourt, Béthune, 554

PÉRIGORD.
Province of, 101

PICARDY.
Province of, 246

POITOU.
Province of, 71, 73, 77, 262, 295, 647
Poitiers, 244
Tombelle de Brioux, 141
Villaigres, 401

PUY DE DÔME.
Clermont Ferrand, 401, 402, 559
Gergovia, 286

PYRÉNÉES.
Caverns of the, 505
Nougaroulet, 131

SAÔNE ET LOIRE.
Camp de Chassey, 159, 324, 401
Saône, Valley of the, 401
Solutré, 484

SAVOIE.
Lac du Bourget, 246
Lakes of, 439
Savoie, 234

SEINE.
Clichy, 703
Paris, 109, 528, 656, 659, 703
Seine, at Paris, 77, 186, 187, 327
Seine, Valley of the, 528

SEINE ET MARNE.
Chelles, 528
Grand Morin, 528

SEINE ET OISE.
Allée Couverte, Argenteuil, 160, 327
Argenteuil, 401, 465

SEINE INFÉRIEURE.
Argues, Dieppe, 528
Auquemesnil, 231
Dieppe, 528
Eu, 109
Londinières, 177, 401
St. Saen, 528
Sotteville, Rouen, 528
Vauvray, 160

SOMME.
Abbeville, 68, 258, 527
Amiens, 77, 241, 527, 698
Camp de César, Pontrémy, 174
Drucat, 707
Menchecourt, Abbeville, 701
Mesnil-en-Arronaise, 187
Miannay, Abbeville, 109
Montiers, 69, 77, 541, 616, 642, 701
Porte Marcadé, 555
St. Acheul, 483, 526
Somme River, 647
Somme Valley, 69, 160, 262, 490, 526, 554, 584, 698
Thenay, 528, 658
Thézy, 528

TARN ET GARONNE.
Bruniquel, Cave of, 296, 505, 506

TOURAINE.
Province of, 30

VIENNE.
Châtellerault, 69
Coussay les Bois, 528
Savanseau, 327
Thorus, Poitiers, 395

YONNE.
Sens, 528

AUSTRIA.
Austria, 404, 529
Egenburg, 404
Hallstatt, Salzkammergut, 84, 188, 234, 269, 460, 464
Hungary, 268, 529
Salzburg, 163
Styria, 194, 255

BELGIUM AND NETHERLANDS.
Aerschot, 161
Belgium, 71, 72, 87, 92, 97, 113, 262, 278, 286, 310, 318, 396, 470,
475, 478, 481
Brussels, 109
Curange, 528
Flanders, 145
Gelderland, 232, 391, 403
Ghlin, 23
Groningen, 205
Hasledon, 402
Heistert, Roermond, 403
Holland, 58
Luxembourg, 262, 403
Maffles, 109
Mesvin, 528
Meuse, District of, 325
Mons, 90
Namur, 396
Samson, 397
Spiennes, Mons, 27, 34, 77, 80, 93, 248, 278, 354
Trou de Chaleux, 318, 501
Winterswyk, 163
Yvoir, 402

DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. (SCANDINAVIA.)
Aarhus, Jutland, 310
Assens, 430
Denmark, 27, 32, 43, 49, 51, 57, 58, 62, 68, 69, 71, 73, 76, 77, 84,
85, 97, 104, 114, 118, 121, 125, 142, 144, 169, 177, 178, 191, 194,
197, 205, 218, 222, 237, 247, 261, 264, 268, 296, 310, 353, 355,
396, 404, 413, 419, 422, 430, 478, 479, 601
Faroe Islands, 445
Iceland, 410
Jutland, 118
Langeland, 430
Lindormabacken, Scania, 396
Norway, 57, 348, 358, 404, 450
Scandinavia, 28, 43, 170, 174, 184, 232, 252, 261, 271, 278, 286, 296,
297, 327, 355, 396, 434, 469
Store Lyngby, Denmark, 70
Sweden, 57, 77, 85, 154, 177, 178, 185, 261, 339, 348, 353, 404, 418
Thorsbjerg, 271
Vissenberg, Odense, Isle of Fünen, 409

GERMANY.
Bavaria, 58, 469
Berlin, 163
Bohemia, 51, 101
Brandenburg, 186, 253
Brunswick, 191
Camenz, 49
Cracow, 358
Dienheim, 160
Gerdauen, 187
Germany, 22, 57, 58, 145, 160, 177, 181, 182, 184, 194, 197, 205, 232,
244, 297, 353, 396, 403, 404, 408, 529
Gonsenheim, Mainz, 144
Hanover, 435
Inzighofen, Sigmaringen, 404
Island of Rügen, 252
Jülich, 64
Kästrich, Gonsenheim, 109
Lang Eichstätt, 163
Lüneburg, 194, 468
Mainz, 182, 191, 267
Martha’s Hof, Bonn, 58
Mitterberg, Bischofshofen, 234
Monsheim, 252, 268
Moravia, 58
Neverstorff, Schleswig Holstein, 310
Ochsenfurt, Lower Franconia, 431
Oldenburg, 404
Oldenstadt, Lüneburg, 232
Pomerania, 403
Posen, 296
Prenzlow, 431
Prussia, 252, 294
Rhenish-Hesse, 286
Rhine, 259, 271, 404
Schleswig, 448
Schraplau, 163
Scudnitz, Schweinitz, 191
Sigmaringen, 177
Soden, 136
Thuringia, 403
Torgau, 63
Trier, 315
Uelzen, Hanover, 185
Weser and Elbe, district between, 163
Wesseling on the Rhine, 109
Wiesbaden, 283

GREECE.
Greece, 61, 62, 114, 126, 127, 337, 529
Marathon, 286, 368, 403
Megalopolis, 530
Melos, Island of, 28, 278
Mycenæ, 403, 439
Sardis, Lydia, 117
Tanagra, Bœotia, 205

ITALY.
Bergamo, 403
Brescia, 337
Brionio, Veronese, 386
Ceppagna, Molise, 529
Civitanova, Piceno, 403
Cumarola, Modena, 402
Elba, Island of, 310, 367, 403
Gabbiano, Abruzzo, 529
Imola, 200
Imolese, 529
Italy, 59, 120, 126, 142, 205, 221, 287, 299, 310, 529;
Central, 403, 655;
Northern, 47, 129, 397, 402;
Southern, 396
Majorca, 357
Mantua, 391
Mercurago, Arona, 402
Perugia, 367, 396, 403, 529
Piedmont, 242
Sicily, 114
Telese, Pæstum, 327, 333, 354
Tiber Valley, 529
Tuscany, 333
Varese, Lago di, 267, 268, 396, 402
Vercelli, 333
Vibrata, Valley of, 402

PORTUGAL.
Algarve, 287
Casa da Moura, 255, 268
Leiria, 529
Portugal, 44, 133, 140, 182, 247, 284, 372, 396, 403, 463, 459, 470
Ruy Gomes, copper-mines of, Alemtejo, 234

RUSSIA.
Aleutian Islands, 48, 166
Archangel, 404
Armenia, Russian, 169
Caucasus, 169, 405
Courland, 184
Ekaterinoslav, 404
Finland, 181, 186, 215
Kiev, 358
Koulpe, salt-mines of, 169
Kozarnia, Poland, 332
Lithuania, 47, 181, 194
Livonia, 184
Moscow, 358
Olonetz, 278, 404
Russia, 181, 205, 215, 310, 355, 358, 456, 529
Siberia, 181, 245, 488
Vladimir, 78, 354, 372
Volhynia, 358

SPAIN.
Albuñol, 287
Andalusia, 105, 333, 403
Cadiz, 130
Cantabria, 65
Cerro Muriano, 234
Cordova, 234
Cueva de los Murciélagos, 262
Genista Cave, Gibraltar, 252, 287, 428, 433
Gibraltar, 177, 182
Manzanares Valley, 529, 653
Milagro, 234
San Isidro, Madrid, 529
Spain, 44, 58, 247, 252, 284, 296, 396, 403, 428
Villanueva del Rey, 234

SWITZERLAND.
Agiez, Vaud, 185
Attersee, 357
Auvernier, 310
Bodmann, 22, 357
Bully, Neufchâtel, 528
Concise, 158, 161, 232
Cortaillod, 418
Geissboden, moss of, 409
Greug, 281
Inkwyl, 348, 470
Lausanne, 327
Meilon, 323
Moosseedorf, 22
Nussdorf, 167, 246, 292, 310, 402
Robenhausen, 15, 155, 159, 432
Sipplingen, 167, 182
Swiss Lake Dwellings, 43, &c.
Switzerland, 46, 47, 51, 136, 162, 167, 170, 177, 182, 191, 232, 242,
250, 262, 267, 292, 402, 408, 443
Ueberlinger See, 167, 402
Unter Uhldingen, 16
Vaud, Canton de, 287
Wauwyl, 22
Zurich, 269

TURKEY IN EUROPE.
Armenia, 141
Avlona, Albania, 21
Crete, 28
Dardanelles, 652
Kostainicza, Turkish Croatia, 367
Transcaucasia, 287

AFRICA.
Accra, 127
Æthiopia, 368
Africa, 60, 245, 250, 410;
Northern, 284, 405, 653;
South, 155, 216, 231, 277, 337, 370, 654
Aleppo, 284
Alexandria, 169
Algeria, 182, 287, 405
Assiut, 369
Cape Colony, 653
Cape of Good Hope, 248, 310
Capetown, 288
Diamond Fields, 653
East London, 653
Egypt, 51, 60, 113, 167, 169, 214, 223, 247, 277, 284, 287, 293, 297,
320, 344, 354, 358, 359, 368, 391, 394, 395, 417, 652
Embabaan, Swaziland, 653
Gafsa, Tunis, 652
Gold Coast, 60, 127, 231
Grahamstown, 288
Helouan, Egypt, 297, 325
Issutugan River, Somaliland, 652
Kolea, Algeria, 652
Kahun, 45
Libyan Desert, 287
Madeira, 284
Medum, Egypt, 170
Natal, 322, 653
Naucratis, 242, 243
Ousidan, Algeria, 652
Palikao, Algeria, 652
Port Beaufort, Cape of Good Hope, 241
Port Elizabeth, 653
Process-fontein, Victoria West, 653
Qûrnah, Egypt, 71
Sahara, 405
Somaliland, 652, 653
Southern Shoa, 299
Spring of Moses, Cairo, 652
Teneriffe, 284
Thebes, 71;
tombs of the Kings at, 652
Tunis, 405
Wady Maghara, 6, 234, 405

AMERICA.
Alabama, 219
Alaska, 25
America,
Arctic, 355;
Central, 24, 80, 216;
North, 24, 50, 52, 85, 97, 121, 127, 165, 167, 182, 215, 231, 244, 250,
257, 264, 299, 348, 349, 353, 370, 372, 405, 406, 410, 411, 423, 428,
433, 440, 470;
South, 250, 394, 418
Araucania, 406
Arica, 407
Barbados, 182
Bolivia, 157, 169, 178, 232, 239
Brazil, 59, 157, 166
California, 37, 231, 268, 293, 409;
North, 39, 40
Canada, 182
Cape Lisburne, 37
Cayuga County, New York, 71, 244
Chili, 231, 406, 407
Chiriqui, 103
Cloud River, 25, 39
Comayagua, Spanish Honduras, 337
Copiapo, 406
Costa Rica, 141
Delaware Water Gap, 247;
River, 241
Greenland, 241, 246, 286, 294, 404, 405
Guadaloupe, 155, 218
Guiana, 169;
British, 141, 169;
Dutch, 271
Honduras, 78, 337, 353
Icy Cape, 292, 347
Jamaica, 129
Kotzebue Gulf, 38
Lake Erie, 237;
Superior, copper-mines near, 235
Merrimac Valley, 257
Mexico, 23, 24, 39, 155, 191, 216, 239, 278, 288, 289, 290, 294, 310,
354, 406, 439
Missouri, 80
Napo River, Ecuador, 170
Newfoundland, 182, 310, 406
New Granada, 407
New Jersey, 355
New Mexico, 367
New York, State of, 237
Nootka Sound, 157, 434
Ohio Valley, 50, 288
Oregon, 406
Patagonia, 322, 406, 422
Pemberton, New Jersey, 58
Pennsylvania, 268
Peru, 24, 232, 239, 407
Puget’s Sound, 166
Queen Charlotte’s Islands, 25
Quito, 142
Rio Frio, Nicaragua, 155
Rio Grande, Patagonia, 406
Rio Negro, Patagonia, 52, 406
St. George’s Sound, 235
St. Isabel, Brazil, 257
South Carolina, 136, 232, 257
Smith’s Sound, 15
Snake River, 40
Straits of de Fuca, 166
Surinam, 169
Tennessee, 171, 337
Tezcuco, Mexico, 355
Tierra del Fuego, 15, 39, 299, 406, 498
Trenton, New Jersey, 80, 654
Vancouver’s Island, 236
Victoria River, 26
Virginia, 40
West India Islands, 129
Yucatan, 78

ASIA.
Abu Shahrein, S. Babylonia, 651
Abydos, 45, 393, 395
Abyssinia, 250
Arabian Desert, 278, 286
Arconum, India, 232
Asia, 277;
Minor, 126, 127
Assam, 59, 114
Banda District, India, 325
Bethsaour, Bethlehem, 652
Bundelcund, 88
Burma, 59, 158
Cambodia, 60, 158, 181
Ceylon, 445
Euphrates Valley, 653
Ghenneh, Wady Sireh, Sinai, 405
Hissar, Damghan, Persia, 405
Hyderabad, 651
India, 62, 97, 126, 127, 140, 141, 158, 232, 262, 278, 405, 468, 481,
650, 654
Indus River, 23
Jerusalem, 652;
Nablus road from, 287
Jubbulpore, 232, 276, 288
Madras Presidency, 89, 651
Mahanuddy River, 23
Malprabba Valley, 651
Mount Lebanon, 405
Mount Sinai, 405
Mount Tabor, 652
Muquier, S. Babylonia, 114
Narbada Valley, 651
Orissa, 651
Pergamum, 232
Persia, 306
Ranchi, Chota-Nagpore, 405
Siam, 121
South Mahratta, 651
South Mirzapore, 651
Tiryns, 403
Trichinopoly, 239
Troy, site of, 187, 206, 235, 253, 297, 418, 439
Upper Scinde, 23
Vindhya Hills, 325
Yun-nan, Southern China, 110, 114, 127

OCEANIA, &c.
Admiralty Islands, 156, 288, 498
Australia, 25, 80, 82, 85, 97, 137, 166, 167, 170, 171, 243, 245, 250,
277, 288, 293
Borneo, 97
Carandotta, Australia, 293
Caroline Islands, 164
Celebes, 162
Easter Island, 289
Entrecasteaux Islands, 162
Fiji, 164
Hervey Islands, 76
Japan, 59, 97, 114, 116, 128, 181, 322, 355, 358, 405
Java, 59, 114
King George’s Sound, 293
Malay Peninsula, 121
Mangaia, 167
Murray River, Australia, 167, 293
New Caledonia, 162, 163, 164, 210, 419
New Guinea, 162, 216
New Hanover, Island of, 156
New Ireland, 167
New Zealand, 45, 48, 52, 138, 166, 172, 178, 216
Perak, 114
Polynesia, 69, 167, 420
Queensland, 293
Samoa, 439
Savage Islands, 166, 418
Solomon Islands, 182
South Sea Islands, 166
Tahiti, 167, 263, 419
Tasmania, 171, 468
Torres Straits, 216

PRINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE AND CO., LIMITED, CITY ROAD, LONDON.

NOTES—CHAPTER I.

[1] Some interesting remarks on the succession of the three periods and the possibility of abnormal variations from it will be found in a lecture to the Archæological Institute delivered by the late Mr. E. T. Stevens in 1872. (_Arch. Journ._, vol. xxix., p. 393.)

[2] 1872, p. 11, _et seqq._

[3] _Mém._, vol. xii., 163.

[4] _Archæologia_, vol. ii. p. 118.

[5] p. 778.

[6] I would especially refer to an excellent article by the Rev. John Hodgson in Vol. I. of the _Archæologia Æliana_ (A.D. 1816), entitled “An inquiry into the æra when brass was used in purposes to which iron is now applied.”

[7] “Op. et Di.,” I., 150.

[8] “De Rerum Nat.,” v. 1282.

[9] Suetonius, Vit. Aug., cap. lxxii. M. Salomon Reinach has disputed my views as to the meaning of this passage, but I see no reason for changing my opinion as to the “arma heroum” referring to “res vetustate notabiles.” (See _Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscr._, 14th Dec., 1888.)

[10] “Laconica,” cap. 3.

[11] Op., ed. 1624, vol. i., p. 17.

[12] Wilkinson, “Anc. Egypt.,” vol. iii. p. 241.

[13] Æn., 1. vii. 743.

[14] Χαλκεύειν δὲ καὶ τὸ σιδηρεύειν ἔλεγον, καὶ χαλκεάς τοὺς τὸν σίδηρον ἐργαζομένους, Jul. Pollux, “Onomasticon,” lib. vii. cap. 24.

[15] Macrobius, “Saturnal.,” v. 19. Rhodiginus, “Antiq. Lect.,” xix. c. 10.

[16] Met., lib. vii. 228.

[17] Homer, Il., xxiii. 826.

[18] _Zeitsch. f. Ægypt. Sprache, &c._ 1870, p. 114.

[19] _Cong. Préh. Bruxelles_, 1872, p. 242.

[20] See a valuable paper by Dr. L. Beck, _Arch. f. Anth._, vol. xii. (1880) p. 293.

[21] See De Rougemont, “L’Age du Bronze,” p. 159.

[22] See Percy’s “Metallurgy,” vol. i. p. 873.

[23] De Rougemont, _op. cit._, p. 158. See “Ancient Bronze Imps.,” p. 6, _seqq._

[24] Photii “Bibliotheca,” _ed._ 1653, col. 1343.

[25] _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. xx. p. 330.

[26] Lib. i. c. 21.

[27] “Das Grabfeld von Hallstatt und dessen Alterthümer.” Vienna, 1868.

[28] London, 1881.

[29] De Nat. Deor., Lib. ii. c. 28.

[30] Lib. iv. c. 28.

[31] Lib. i. v. 66.

[32] “Early History of Mankind,” p. 218; 2nd edit. p. 221, _q. v._

[33] Lib. ii. 86.

[34] Lib. i. 91.

[35] _Trans. Ethn. Soc._, N. S., vol. vii. 112.

[36] Exod. iv. 25.

[37] Josh. v. 2.

[38] Ib. xxiv. 30.

[39] See also Tylor’s “Early History of Mankind,” 2nd ed., p. 217. The entire chapter on the Stone Age, Past and Present, is well worthy of careful perusal, and enters more fully into the whole question of the Stone Age throughout the world than comes within my province.

[40] _C. R. du Cong. Int. des Sc. Anth._ 1878. Paris 1880, p. 280. _Comptes Rendus de l’Acad. des Sciences_, vol. lxiii, August 28, 1871.

[41] _Comptes Rendus_, 1871, vol. lxxiii. p. 540.

[42] Livy, lib. i. c. 24.

[43] Rapt. Proserp. I. 201.

[44] “Horæ Ferales,” p. 136. _Arch. Journ._, vol. xi. p. 169.

[45] _Arch. für Anthropol._, vol. iii. 16.

[46] “Coins of the Ancient Britons,” pp. 42, 263, _et alibi_.

[47] Herodian, lib. iii. c. 14.

[48] “Cat. of Stone Ant. in R. I. A. Mus.,” p. 81.

[49] Wood’s “Nat. Hist. of Man,” i. p. 97.

[50] Klemm, “Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft,” part i. p. 86. _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. x. 360.

[51] Mitchell’s “Past in the Present,” p. 10, 44. _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xix. p. 385, xx. p. 146, xxiii. p. 16.

[52] _Phil. Trans._, 1860, p. 311. _Archæologia_, vol. xxxviii. p. 293.

[53] “Prehistoric Times,” (1865), p. 60.

NOTES—CHAPTER II.

[54] This chapter was for the most part written in 1868, and communicated to the International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology held at Norwich in that year. See _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 191, where a short abstract is given.

[55] _N. and Q._ 7th S., vol. x. p. 172.

[56] _Mat._ 3me S., vol. ii. (1885) p. 61.

[57] _Op. cit._, p. 38.

[58] Spec. Naturæ, lib. ix. sect. 13.

[59] Morlot in _Rec. Arch._, vol. v. (1862), p. 216. _Geologist_, vol. v. p. 192. Engelhardt found several similar pieces of pyrites at Thorsbjerg, with iron and other antiquities of about the fourth century of our era. He says that steels for striking fire are not at present known as belonging to the Early Iron Age of Denmark. This late use of pyrites affords strong evidence of iron and steel having been unknown to the makers of flint implements, for had they made use of iron hammers, the superior fire-giving properties of flint and iron would at once have been evident, and pyrites would probably soon have been superseded, at all events in countries where flint abounded.—Engelhardt, “Thorsbjerg Mosefund,” p. 60; p. 65 in the English edit. The quartz pebbles with grooves in them which belong to the Iron Age seem, however, to have been used for producing fire by means of a pointed steel.

[60] Weddell, “Voyage towards the South Pole,” p. 167; Tylor, “Early History of Mankind,” 2nd edit., p. 249. Wood’s “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 522.

[61] Hist. Nat., lib. xxxvi. cap. 19.

[62] Lib. vii. cap. 56.

[63] II. Macc. x. 3.

[64] Æneid, i. v. 174.

[65] Æneid, vi. v. 6. See also (Georg. I. 135)—“Ut silicis venis abstrusum excuderet ignem.” On this passage Fosbroke remarks (Enc. Ant. i. 307), “A stone with a vein was chosen as now.”

[66] Eidyllia, v. 42.

[67] Keller, “Lake-dwellings,” p. 119.

[68] Vol. ii. p. 536. Bohn’s edit., 1846.

[69] An interesting paper on tinder-boxes will be found in _The Reliquary_, vii. p. 65. See also Mitchell’s “Past in the Present,” p. 100, and _Arch. Camb._, 5th s., vol. vii. p. 294.

[70] Stevens’. “Flint Chips,” p. 588.

[71] _Op. cit._, vol. ii., p. 537.

[72] “Classe Mathématique et Physique,” t. 3, an. ix. An abstract of this account is given in Rees’ Encyclop., _s. v_. Gun-flint.

[73] “Physische und technische Beschreibung der Flintensteine,” &c., von Hacquet. Wien, 1792, 8vo. A nearly similar account is given in Winckell’s “Handbuch für Juger,” &c., 1822, Theil iii. p. 546.

[74] Skertchly, _op. cit._, p. 78.

[75] _Mat._, 3me, s. ii., 1885, p. 61.

[76] An account of the process of making gun-flints, written by the late Mr. James Wyatt, F.G.S., has been published in Stevens’ “Flint Chips,” p. 578. A set of gun-flint makers’ tools is in the Musée de St. Germain, and the process of manufacture has been described by M. G. de Mortillet (“Promenades,” p. 69). An account of a visit to Brandon is given by Mr. E. Lovett in _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, xxi p. 206, and an article on “Flint-Knapping,” by Mr. H. F. Wilson, is in the _Magazine of Art_, 1887, p. 404.

[77] See _postea_ p. 273.

[78] Petrie, “Medum,” 1892, Pl. xxix., p. 18, 34.

[79] _Nature_, vol. xxv. p. 8.

[80] P. 52.

[81] “Bosnia and Herzegovina,” 2nd ed. (1877), p. 153, _B.A. Rep._ 1885, p. 1216.

[82] “Stone Age,” p. 6.

[83] “Lake-dwellings,” p. 36.

[84] _l. c._ pp. 86 and 97.

[85] _Comptes Rendus_, 1867, vol. lxv. p. 640.

[86] Troyon, “Mon. de l’Antiquité,” p. 52.

[87] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. iv. p. 385.

[88] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd series, vol. iii. p. 38.

[89] _Geol. Mag._, vol. iii. (1866) p. 433.

[90] “Monarquia Indiana,” lib. xvii. cap. 1, Seville, 1615, translated by E. B. Tylor, “Anahuac,” p. 331. See a correction of Mr. Tylor’s translation in the _Comptes Rendus_, vol. lxvii. p. 1296.

[91] Tylor’s “Anahuac,” p. 332.

[92] P. 871.

[93] _Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada_, 1889, p. 59.

[94] Tylor’s “Anahuac,” p. 99.

[95] “Last Rambles amongst the Indians,” 1868, p. 188. The whole passage is reprinted in “Flint Chips,” p. 82.

[96] B. B. Redding in _Am. Naturalist_, Nov., 1880. _Nature_, vol. xxi. p. 613.

[97] _Transactions of the Ethnological Society_, N. S., vol. iv. p. 242.

[98] _Op. cit._, N. S., vol. i. p. 138.

[99] “Völkerkunde,” vol. ii. (1888), p. 748.

[100] _Zeitsch. f. Ethnol._, vol. xvi. p. 222.

[101] _Rep. of U.S. Nat. Mus._, 1888, Niblack, Pl. xxii.

[102] _Rep. of Bureau of Ethn._, 1887–8, p. 95.

[103] _Anthrop. Rev._, vol. iv. p. civ. Mr. Baines has also communicated an interesting letter on this subject, with illustrations, to Mackie’s “Geol. Repertory,” vol. i. p. 258.

[104] _Archæologia_, vol. xl. p. 381. See also Prof. Steenstrup and Sir John Lubbock in the _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._, N. S., vol. v. p. 221.

[105] _Arch._, vol. xlii. p. 68. _Arch. Jour._, vol. xxv. p. 88. _Suss. Arch. Coll._, vol. xxiv. p. 145. _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. v. p. 357; vi. p. 263, 430; vii. p. 413.

[106] _Journ. Ethnol. Soc._, N. S., vol. ii. p. 419. See also _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. viii. p. 419.

[107] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. i. p. 73.

[108] Pennant describes a flint axe as having been found stuck in a vein of coal exposed to the day in Craig y Parc, Monmouthshire.

[109] “Rapport sur les Découvertes Géologiques et Archéologiques faites à Spiennes en 1867.” Par A. Briart, F. Cornet, et A. Houzeau de Lehaie. Mons, 1868. Malaise, _Bull. de l’Ac. Roy. de Belg._, 2° S. vols. xxi. and xxv., and _Geol. Mag._, vol. iii. p. 310. See also _Cong. Préh. Bruxelles_, 1872, p. 279; _l’Anthropologie_, vol. ii. p. 326. _Mat._ 3me s. vol. i. (1884), p. 65, likewise _Bull. de la Soc. d’Anthrop. de Bruxelles_, tom. viii. 1889–90, Pl I. C. Engelhardt has described Spiennes and Grime’s Graves in the _Aarb. for Oldkynd._, 1871, p. 327. What appears to have been a neolithic flint mine at Crayford, Kent, has been described by Mr. Spurrell, _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxxvii. p. 332. The Deneholes were probably dug for the extraction of chalk and not of flint.

[110] _l’Anthropologie_, vol. ii. (1891) 445.

[111] _Mat._, 3me s. vol. iv. (1887) p. 1.

[112] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xxviii. 220.

[113] Cochet, “Seine Inf.,” pp. 16. 528. _Archivio per l’Antropol., &c._, vol. i. p. 489.

[114] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xxx. (1896) p. 346.

[115] _Mat._, vol. x. (1875) p. 521.

[116] Lartet and Christy’s Rel. Aquit., p. 13.

[117] _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._, N.S., vol. i. p. 139. See also _Rev. Arch._, vol. iii. (1861) p. 341.

[118] “Rel. Aquit.,” p. 18. For the loan of this cut I am indebted to the executors of the late Henry Christy. The same specimen has been engraved by the Rev. J. G. Wood. “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 717. Another example from Greenland is figured in _Mat._, vol. vi. p. 140.

[119] Gastaldi’s “Lake Habitations of Northern and Central Italy,” translated and edited by C. H. Chambers, M.A. (Anth. Soc., 1865), p. 106.

[120] Mortillet, _Mat. pour l’Hist. de l’Homme_, vol. ii. p. 517.

[121] “Flint Chips,” p. 78.

[122] _Arch. f. Anth._, vol. vii, p. 263. _Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey_, vol. iii. p. 547.

[123] _Nat._, vol. xxi. p. 615.

[124] _Nat._, vol. xxii. p. 97.

[125] _Amer. Anthrop._, 1895, p. 307. _Nat._, vol. xx. p. 483.

[126] _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._, N. S., vol. iii. p. 365. “Rel. Aquit.,” p. 17.

[127] “Articles on Anth. Sub.,” 1882, p. 9.

[128] Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 212.

[129] Sixth voyage, “Pinkerton’s Travels,” vol. xiii. p. 36, quoted also in “Flint Chips,” p. 79.

[130] Bracer, a girdle or bandage.

[131] Schoolcraft, “Indian Tribes,” vol. iii. p. 81; see also 467.

[132] _Arch. Journ._, vol. liii. 1896, p. 51.

[133] P. 46.

[134] Mortillet, _Matériaux_, vol. ii. p. 353.

[135] “Pfahlbauten, 1ter Bericht,” p. 71. “Lake-dwellings,” pp. 18, 125. See also Lindenschmit, “Hohenz. Samml.,” taf. xxvii.

[136] _Proc. Ethnol. Soc._, N. S., vol. vii. p. 47.

[137] _Anzeiger für Schweiz. Alterth._, 1870, p. 123.

[138] “Habit. Lacust.,” p. 19.

[139] See _Comptes Rendus_, vol. lxvii. p. 1292, where a suggestion is made of some stone implements from Java having been sawn in this manner.

[140] An article by Dr. Rudolf Much on the preparation of Stone Implements is in the _Mitth. d. Auth. Ges. in Wien_, 2d. S., vol. ii. (1883), p. 82; and one by Mr. J. D. McGuire, in the _Amer. Anthrop._, vol. v., 1892, p. 165. He has also written on the Evolution of the Art of Working in Stone, in a manner that has called forth a reply from Mr. C. H. Read, F.S.A., _Amer. Anthrop._, 1893, p. 307; 1894. p. 997.

[141] “Illahun, Kahun, and Gurob,” 1891, p. 51.

[142] Fischer in _Arch. f. Anth._, vol. xv., 1884, p. 463.

[143] _The Reliquary_, vol. viii. p. 184.

[144] _Matériaux_, vol. iv. p. 293.

[145] “Prehist. Ann. of Scotland.” 2nd edit., vol. i. p. 193.

[146] “Cat. Stone Ant. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 78.

[147] P. 26.

[148] _Matériaux_, vol. i. p. 463; vol. iii. p. 307.

[149] _Anz. f. Schweiz. Alt._, 1870, pl. xii. 18–20.

[150] _Archivio per l’Ant. e la Etn._, vol. xx. 1890, p. 378.

[151] “Primeval Ants. of Denmark.” p. 16.

[152] P. 392. _Archiv für Anthrop._, vol. iii. p. 187.

[153] Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. iii. pp. 228, 466.

[154] Tylor, “Early Hist, of Mankind,” p. 248.

[155] Wilkinson, “Anc. Egyptians,” vol. ii. pp. 180, 181; vol. iii. pp. 144, 172.

[156] Odyss., ix. 384.

[157] 2nd ed., pp. 341 _et seqq._; see also “Flint Chips,” p. 96.

[158] _Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus._ for 1894, p. 623.

[159] “Guide ill. du Mus. des Ant. du Nord,” 2nd edit. p. 8.

[160] _Anzeiger f. Schweiz. Alt._, 1870, pl. xii. 24. Munro’s “Lake Dw.,” fig. 24, No. 12.

[161] Keller’s “Lake-dwellings,” p. 22. 1ter Bericht, p. 74. See also _Anzeiger für Schweiz. Alterth._, 1870, p. 139.

[162] _Aarsb. Soc. Nor. Ant._, 1877, pl. i. 5. Montelius, “Ant. Suéd.,” 1874, fig. 34.

[163] _Morgenblatt_, No. 253.

[164] “Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft,” vol. i. p. 80. See also Preusker, “Blicke in die Vaterländische Vorzeit,” vol. i. p. 173.

[165] _Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du Nord_, 1863, p. 149.

[166] “Heidnische Alterthümer,” p. 66.

[167] “Alterthümer. u. h. V.,” vol. i. Heft viii. Taf. i.

[168] “Frederico-Francisceum,” p. 111.

[169] _Journal of the Anthrop. Soc._, vol. vi. p. xlii.

[170] “Archæol. Undersögelser,” 1884.

[171] “Smithson. Report,” 1868, p. 399. “Drilling in Stone without Metal.”

[172] Schoolcraft, “Indian Tribes,” vol. i. p. 93.

[173] _Anzeiger f. Schweiz. Alt._, 1870, p. 143.

[174] _Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien_, vol. vii. (1878), p. 96.

[175] “Habitations Lacustres,” p. 66. _Rev. Arch._, 1860, vol. i. p. 39.

[176] _Matériaux_, vol. iii. p. 264.

[177] Ibid., vol. iii. p. 294.

[178] “Les Palafittes,” p. 19.

[179] Keller, “Lake Dwellings,” xxv. 1. 7, p. 91.

[180] _Op. cit._, xxvii. 11, 24, p. 110.

[181] _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1881, p. 698.

[182] “Thor’s Donnerkeil,” p. 13.

[183] “Stone Age,” p. 79. The boring-tool is, in the English edition, mistakenly called a centre-bit.

[184] “Stone Age,” p. 80.

[185] Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 157.

[186] “Mœurs des Sauv. Amér.,” 1724, vol. ii. p. 110. “Flint Chips,” p. 525.

[187] Tylor, “Early Hist. of Mankind,” 2nd edit., p. 191. Wallace, “Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro,” p. 278.

[188] C. C. Abbott in _Nature_, vol. xiv. p. 154.

NOTES—CHAPTER III.

[189] Cap. xix. v. 24. It also occurs in a quotation of the passage by St. Jerome, in his “Epist. ad Pammachium.” See _Athenæum_, June 11, 1870.

[190] P. 329, 1. 23.

[191] Vol. iii. p. 418.

[192] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S. vol. vii. p. 395.

[193] _N. and Q._, 5th S. vol. ix. p. 463.

[194] _Op. cit._, x. p. 73.

[195] _Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien_, vol. xxiv. (1894) p. 84.

[196] _Arch. f. Anth._, vol. x. (1876) p. 140.

[197] Barnes, “Notes on Ancient Britain,” 1858, p. 15.

[198] Tylor, “Early Hist. of Man.,” 2nd ed. p. 226, which also see for many of the facts here quoted. See also Tylor’s “Prim. Culture,” vol. ii. p. 237, &c.

[199] Halliwell, “Rambles in West Cornwall,” 1861, p. 205. _Rev. Celt._, 1870, p. 6. Polwhele’s “Traditions, &c.,” 1826, vol. ii. p. 607. _Folk-lore Journ._, vol. i. p. 191.

[200] Sibbald mentions two perforated _cerauniæ_ found in Scotland. “Prod. Nat. Hist. Scot.,” ii. lib. iv. p. 49. See also _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xxiv. p. 379.

[201] _Comptes Rendus_, 1864, vol. lix. p. 713. Cochet, “Seine Inf.,” p. 15. B. de Perthes, “Ant. Celt, et Antéd.,” vol. i. p. 522, &c.

[202] F. C. Lukis, F.S.A., in _Reliquary_, viii. p. 208.

[203] _Bull., Soc. de Borda, Dax_, 1894, p. 159. See also De Nadaillac, “Les Premiers Hommes,” vol. i. p. 12; Cartailhac, “La France préh.,” p. 4.

[204] Ibid.

[205] Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pp. 199–201.

[206] “Mus. Wormianum,” p. 74.

[207] Preusker, “Blicke in die Vaterländische Vorzeit,” vol. i. p. 170.

[208] “Old Northern Runic Monuments,” p. 205. _Ant. Tidsskr._, 1852–54, p. 258. Sjöborg, “Samlingar för Nordens Förnälskara,” vol. iii. p. 163.

[209] _Ant. Tidsskr._, 1852–54, p. 8. _Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du Nord_, 1850–60, p. 28.

[210] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxv. p. 116.

[211] “Preh. Man,” vol. ii. p. 185.

[212] _Jahrb. d. V. v. Alth. am Rheinl._, Heft lxxvii. 1884, p. 216, lxxix. 1885, p. 280.

[213] _Arch. f. Anth._, vol. xxii. 1894, Corr. Bl. p. 102.

[214] _Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien_, 1882, p. 159. _Zeitsch. f. Eth._, vol. xii. 1880, p. 252.

[215] _Notes and Queries_, 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 92.

[216] Tylor, “Early Hist. of Man.,” p. 227.

[217] _Ann. for Nord. Oldk._, 1838, p. 159. Klemm., “C. G.,” vol. i. p. 268. Prinz Neuwied, ii. p. 35.

[218] Nicolucci, “di Alcune Armi, &c., in Pietra,” 1863, p. 2.

[219] “Mus. Mosc.,” 1672, p. 144.

[220] _Rev. Arch._, vol. xv. p. 358; xvi. p. 145. Finlay, “Πρόιστ. Ἀρχάιολ.,” p. 5.

[221] Alexius, Lib. iii. p. 93, _et seqq._, quoted by Gibbon, “Dec. and Fall,” c. 56.

[222] Cartailhac, p. 4.

[223] “Early Hist. of Mankind,” p. 211. Klemm, “Cultur-Geschichte,” vol. vi. p. 467.

[224] Tylor, _op. cit._ 214.

[225] Franks, _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 260.

[226] _Rev. Arch._, vol. xxvii. 1895, p. 326.

[227] _Notes and Queries_, 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 92. _Arch. Journ._, vol. xi. p. 121.

[228] _Arch. für Anthrop._, vol. iv. _Corr. Blatt_, p. 48. Rumphius, “Curios. Amboin.,” p. 215.

[229] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2d S., vol. iii. p. 97.

[230] _Proc. Ethnol. Soc._, 1870, p. lxii. _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. i. p. lxi.

[231] _Proc. As. Soc. Beng._, July, 1869. _Nature_, vol. ii. p. 104.

[232] Noulet, “L’âge de la pierre en Cambodge,” Toulouse, 1877.

[233] Morlot, _Actes de la Soc. jurass. d’Emul._, 1863. Earl, “Native Races of the Indian Archip.,” vol. v. p. 84.—Von Siebold, _Nature_, vol. xxxiv. 1886, p. 52.

[234] _Nature_, vol. xxxii. 1885, p. 626.

[235] _Proc. As. Soc. Bengal_, 1861, p. 81. Do., 1862, p. 325.

[236] “Ausland,” 1874, p. 82.

[237] Rev. T. J. Bowen, “Gram. and Dict. of Yoruba Language.” “Smithsonian Contr.,” vol. i. p. xvi., quoted by Dr. E. B. Tylor, _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 14.

[238] _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. xii. p. 450.

[239] _Arch. per l’Ant. e la Etn._, vol. xiv. (1884), p. 371.

[240] 1882, p. 111.

[241] Vol. iii. 1868, p. 1.

[242] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxv. p. 151.

[243] Ibid. p. 103.

[244] _Matériaux_, vol. iv. p. 9.

[245] _Mat._, vol. xi. p. 538.

[246] _Mat._, vol. xiv. p. 274. _Bull. della Comm. Arch. Comunal. di Roma_, 1870.

[247] “Quæst. Græc.,” ed. 1624, p. 301.

[248] _Congrès Intern. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Préh._, 1867, pp. 39, 40.

[249] Kruse. “Necroliv.,” Nachtrag, p. 21. _Journ. As. Soc. Beng._, vol. v. p. 34.

[250] See also Tylor, _l. c._, p. 228.

[251] “Metallotheca Vaticana,” p. 242. De Rossi, “Scoperte Paleoetnol.,” 1867, p. 11. _Mat._, vol. x. p. 49.

[252] “Lithographia Angerburgica,” cited in _Mat._, vol. x. 297.

[253] “Hist. et Mém.,” vol. xii. p. 163. _Mat._, vol. x. 146.

[254] P. 397.

[255] No. 201.

[256] Aldrovandus, “Mus. Met.,” 1648, p. 607–611. Gesner, “de Fig. Lapid.,” p. 62–64. Boethius, “Hist. Gem.,” lib. ii. c. 261. Besler, “Gazophyl. Rer. Nat.,” tab. 34. Wormius, “Musæum,” lib. i. sec. 2, c. 12, p. 75. Moscardi, “Musæo,” 1672, p. 148. Lachmund, “de foss. Hildeshem.,” p. 23. Tollius “Gemm. et lapid. Historia,” Leiden, 1647, p. 480. De Laet, “de Gemm. et lapid.,” Leiden, 1647, p. 155.

[257] Gesner, “de Fossilibus,” p. 62 _verso_.

[258] “De re metallicâ,” Basel, 1657, pp. 609, 610.

[259] “Marbodæi Galli Cænomanensis de gemmarum lapidumque pretiosorum formis, &c.” (Cologne, 1539), p. 48.

[260] “Hist. Nat.,” lib. xxxvii. c. 9. For a series of interesting Papers on “La Foudre, &c., dans l’Antiquité,” see M. Henri Martin in the _Rev. Arch._, vol. xii. _et seqq._

[261] An interesting paper on “Bætuli” by Mr. G. F. Hill, is in the _Reliquary and Illustrated Archæologist_, vol. ii. 1896, p. 23.

[262] Geason, Scarce. “Scant and geason.” Harrison’s “England.”—Halliwell, _Dict. of Archaic Words_, s. v.

[263] “Nec multo post in Cantabriæ lacum fulmen decidit, repertæque sunt duodecim secures, haud ambiguum summi imperii signum,” Galba, viii. c. 4.

[264] See _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. iii. p. 127, and Wilde’s “Cat. R. I. A.,” p. 72.

[265] _Comptes Rendus de l’Ac. des Sci._, 1865, vol. lxi. pp. 313, 357; 1866, lxiii. p. 1038.

NOTES—CHAPTER IV.

[266] Madsen, “Afbild.,” pl. iii. 1 to 3. _Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskabs Forhand._, 1861, Fig. 1.

[267] De Baye, “l’Arch. préhist.,” p. 55.

[268] Lubbock, Preh. Times, 4th ed., p. 100.

[269] _Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskabs Forh._, 1861, p. 342.

[270] _Aarb. for. Nord. Oldk._, 1891, p. 383. See also S. Müller, _Mém. des Ant. du Nord_, 1884–89, p. 371; _Aarb._, 1888, p. 238.

[271] “Archæol. Undersögelser,” 1884, p. 3.

[272] _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. ii., p. 368, pl. xxi.

[273] _Smithsonian Report_, 1863, p. 379; 1868, p. 401. “Flint Chips,” 445.

[274] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v., p. 331.

[275] Vol. xix., 53; xxxii., 173.

[276] “Nænia Cornubiæ,” p. 194.

[277] The discoveries of Mr. Worthington Smith at Caddington, a few miles from Dunstable, suggest the possibility of this specimen being, after all, palæolithic.

[278] _Jour. Eth. Soc._, N. S., vol. ii., pl. xxviii. 7.

[279] _Arch._, vol. xlii., pl. viii. 10, 11.

[280] _Arch. Assoc. Jour._, vol. xlv., p. 114.

[281] _Arch._, vol. xlii., pl. viii. 17.

[282] _Arch. Jour._, vol. xxxi., p. 301.

[283] “Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. ii., pl. xc.

[284] See also Chichester vol. of Arch. Inst., p. 61.

[285] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. x., p. 34.

[286] Rev. W. W. Gill, LL.D., _Rep. Austral. Assoc. for the Adv. of Science_, vol. iv., 1892, p. 613.

[287] Low’s Tour., quoted in _Folklore Jour._, vol. i., p. 191.

[288] _Aarb. f. Nord. Oldk._, 1886, p. 200; _Mèm. Soc. R. des Ant. du Nord_, 1886–91, p. 227; _Mat._, 3rd. S., vol. v., 1888, p. 105.

[289] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. iv., p. 521.

[290] Vol. vi., p. iii.

[291] _Jour. Eth. Soc._, vol. ii., pl. xxviii. 4, 5.

[292] Watelet, “Age de Pierre du Dép. de l’Aisne,” &c.

[293] “Restes de l’Ind., &c.,” pl. xiii. 1.

[294] _Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 1.

[295] See _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v., p. 113; _Arch. Jour._, vol. xxx., p. 28.

[296] _Zeitsch. f. Eth._, vol. xii., p. 237.

[297] _Cong. Préh. Moscou_, 1893, p. 249.

[298] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v., p. 94; _Arch. Jour._, vol. xxx., p. 35.

[299] _Suss. Arch. Coll._, vol. ii., p. 268.

[300] Vol. xlii., p. 53; xlv., p. 337.

[301] _Arch._, vol. xlii., pl. viii. 1.

[302] “Reliq. Aquit.,” A., pl. v.

[303] _Jour. Anth. Soc._, 1869, p. cxii.

[304] _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._, N. S., vol. iii., p. 269.

[305] _Smiths. Inst. Rep._, 1894.

[306] Vol. xlii., pl. viii. 18.

[307] “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 36.

[308] _Arch._, vol. xlii. pl. viii. 21.

[309] _Trans. Norf. and Norw. Naturalists’ Soc._, vol. v., 1891, p. 250.

[310] Vol. xv., p. 122, pl. ii., iii., iv., v.

[311] “South Wilts,” p. 75, pl. v., vi., vii.

NOTES—CHAPTER V.

[312] _Arch._, vol. xv., pl. iv. 1. Hoare’s “South Wiltshire,” pl. v. 1. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 9_b_.

[313] _Arch. Assoc. Jour._, vol. xxxvii., 1881, p. 214.

[314] _Arch. Jour._, vol. xxxi., pp. 296, 301.

[315] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xiv., p. 265; xxiv., p. 6.

[316] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. ix., p. 258.

[317] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xi., p. 24.

[318] “Vest. Ant. Derb.” p. 43. Cat., p. 31.

[319] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. vi., p. 178.

[320] See _Cambridge Antiq. Comms._, vol. ii, 285, where there is a woodcut of the skull, and _Geol. Mag._, Dec. II., vol. i. p. 494.

[321] _Journ. Ethnol. Soc._, 1869, vol. ii., pl. xv., fig. 11.

[322] _Proc. Soc. Ant., Scot._, vol. xiv., p. 265.

[323] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 406.

[324] _Journ. Ethnol. Soc._, 1869, vol. ii., fig. 7.

[325] A large celt formed of “indurated clay-stone with garnets,” is mentioned by Mr. F. C. Lukis, F.S.A., as having been found in the Channel Islands (_Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. iii. 128).

[326] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. vii. p. 101.

[327] _P. S. A. S._, vol. vii. 213.

[328] _Proc. Ethnol. Soc._, 1870, p. xxxix.

NOTES—CHAPTER VI.

[329] “Man the Primeval Savage,” p. 310.

[330] See “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 8.

[331] Vol. xvii., pl. xiv. “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 10.

[332] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxviii., p. 242.

[333] _Surr. Arch. Coll._, vol. xi. pp. 247, 248.

[334] _Arch. Journ._, vol. ix. p. 194. “Salisbury vol.,” p. 112.

[335] _Arch. Æliana_, vol. v. p. 102.

[336] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xx. p. 192.

[337] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S. vol. ix. p. 71.

[338] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxx. p. 284.

[339] Anderson’s “Croydon: Preh. and Present,” pl. ii.

[340] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xvi. 437.

[341] L. Simonin, “La Vie Souterraine,” &c., 1867. Mortillet, _Mat._, vol. iii. p. 101.

[342] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxvii., pl. x. 1, p. 164.

[343] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xlviii. p. 436.

[344] Pp. 577, 578.

[345] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v., p. 34.

[346] _Arch. Journ._ vol. xxvii. p. 238.

[347] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. ix. p. 71.

[348] _Arch._, vol. xliii. p. 406.

[349] _Arch._, vol. xii. pl. ii. 1.

[350] _Arch._, vol. vii. p. 414; _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. vi. 37.

[351] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xxvi. p. 175; xxviii. p. 322.

[352] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xvii. p. 382; xxviii. p. 329.

[353] _Op. cit._, vol. x. p. 600; xvii. p. 383.

[354] _Op. cit._, vol. ix. p. 346; xvii. p. 384.

[355] _Op. cit._, vol. xxiii. p. 272.

[356] _Ibid._

[357] Bonstetten, “Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. ii. 1.

[358] _Proc. Ethnol. Soc._, 1870, p. cxxxvii.

[359] Mortillet, “Promenades,” p. 145; “Mus. Préh.,” No. 459.

[360] See the account of the discovery, _Rev. Arch._, 3rd S., vol. xxiv. (1894), p. 260.

[361] “L’homme Fossile,” 2nd Ed., p. 147.

[362] Van Overloop. Pl. ix. and x.

[363] Lindenschmit, “Alt. u. H. V.,” vol. i., Heft. vol. ii., Taf. i. 19, &c.

[364] Voss. “Phot. Album,” vol. vi., sec. vi.

[365] _Jahrb. d. V. v. Alt. im Rh._, L. p. 290.

[366] xix. p. 119. See also, for the origin of Jade, Fischer’s “Jadeit und Nephrit,” Westropp in _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. x. p. 359, and Rudler in _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1890, p. 971.

[367] _Mitth. d. Ant. Ges. in Wien_, N. S., vol. iii. 1883, p. 213–216.

[368] _Op. cit._, N. S., vol. v. 1885, p. 1.

[369] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. x., p. 359; xx. p. 332; xxi., pp. 319, 493; _Aarbög. f. Oldkynd._, 1889, p. 149.

[370] Calcutta, 1871.

[371] Vol. xvi., pl. lii. p. 361.

[372] Canon Greenwell, F.R.S.

[373] Mr. James Brown.

[374] Mr. Frank Buckland, F.Z.S.

[375] Rev. S. Banks.

[376] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol^1 xvi. p. 408.

[377] “Stone Age,” p. 63.

[378] Vol. iv. p. 2.

[379] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. iii. p. 486.

[380] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xiii. p. 306.

[381] _Z. f. Eth._, 1878. Supp. pl. iii.

[382] “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 14.

[383] _Nature_, vol. xxx. p. 515. See also _Archiv. f. Anth._, vol. xvi. p. 241, and _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. ix. p. 211.

[384] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xvii. p. 66.

[385] _Proc. As. Soc. Beng._, Sept., 1870. _Proc. Ethnol. Soc._, 1870, p. lxii.

[386] Kanda’s, “Stone Implements of Japan,” _Nature_, vol. xxxi. p. 538; _Cong. Préh. Bruxelles_, 1872, p. 337.

[387] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xxvi., p. 404.

[388] _Tr. Dev. Assoc._, vol. xix. p. 56.

[389] See “Acct. of Soc. Ant. of Scot.,” p. 55.

[390] “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 11.

[391] “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 13. _Arch. Journ._, vol. xv. p. 178.

[392] “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 7.

[393] _Arch. Journ._, vol. vii. p. 389.

[394] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xv., p. 232.

[395] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, vol. iii. p. 225.

[396] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. ix. p. 174.

[397] _Journ. Ethn. Soc._, vol. ii. p. 165.

[398] _Journ. Ethn. Soc._, vol. ii. p. 165.

[399] _Mem. Accad. R. di Torino_, Ser. 2, vol. xxvi., Tav. iv. 4.

[400] Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i., pl. xi. 3; xiv. 2.

[401] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. x. p. 105.

[402] “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 5.

[403] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xvii. pp. 14, 15, 18, 19.

[404] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 235.

[405] _Journ. Ethnol. Soc._, vol. ii. pl. xxx. 3.

[406] Dawkins’ “Cave-hunting,” p. 157. _Arch. Camb._, 4th S., vol. iii., 1872, p. 30.

[407] See Schliemann’s “Mycenæ,” p. 76; “Troy,” p. 71; _Rev. Arch._, vol. xxxiv. p. 163, &c., &c.

[408] Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 91. Other North American celts are engraved in the “Anc. Mon. of the Miss. Valley,” pp. 217, 218; Squier, “Abor. Mon. of New York,” p. 77.

[409] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. i. p. xcvi., pl. ii. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1870, p. 154.

[410] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xii. p. 449, pl. xiii.

[411] “Anc. Mon. of Miss. Val.,” p. 215, fig. 106.

[412] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xv. p. 245.

[413] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xxvii. p. 370.

[414] Wilson’s “Preh. Man,” vol. i. p. 154. See _postea_, p. 150.

[415] Vol. xvii. p. 222.

[416] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v. pp. 300, 442.

[417] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xxix. p. 343. Cumming’s “Churches and Ants. of Cury and Gunwalloe,” 1875, p. 66.

[418] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. iv. p. 62: xi. p. 514.

[419] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xi. p. 514.

[420] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xii. p. 207.

[421] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xvii. p. 16.

[422] “Acct. of Soc. Ant. of Scot.,” 1782, p. 91.

[423] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xvii. p. 15.

[424] Vol. vi., 1865.

[425] _Arch._, vol. xliv. p. 281.

[426] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 438.

[427] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. ix. p. 174.

[428] “Etudes Paléoethnol.,” pl. viii. 5.

[429] _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._, N. S., vol. vii. p. 46.

[430] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. vi. p. 179.

[431] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xvii. p. 14.

[432] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. xii. p. 119; xxiii. p. 201.

[433] _Mat._ vol. xiii. p. 135; xv. p. 462. “Mus. préh.,” No. 463.

[434] Jan. 7, 1868. See also _Reliquary_, vol. viii. p. 184.

[435] “Mus. préh.,” No. 430.

[436] Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. ii., pl. xliv.

[437] “Anc. Mon. of Miss. Valley,” p. 218.

[438] Lubbock “Preh. Times,” 4th ed. p. 513, figs. 215, 216.

[439] _Arch. Journ._, vol. viii. p. 422.

[440] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. x. p. 509. Dalgarno, “Notes on Slains, &c.,” 1876, p. 6.

[441] _P.S.A.S._, vol. xviii. p. 77.

[442] Lubbock, _op. cit._, p. 102, fig. 111–113.

[443] “Vestiges of the Ants. of Derb.,” p. 53.

[444] _Mat._ vol. xvi. p. 464.

[445] Im Thurn, “Among the Indians of Guiana,” 1883, pl. x. 4.

[446] Chantre, “Le Caucase,” 1885, pl. ii. 9.

[447] “Indicateur Arch. de Civrui,” 1865, p. 271.

[448] _Mat._ 3rd S., vol. i., 1884, p. 243.

[449] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. i., p. 281.

[450] Bonstetten, “Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. ii., 1.

[451] _Arch. Camb._, 3rd S., vol. vi., p. 303. Watelet, “Age de Pierre dans le Dépt. de l’Aisne,” pl. v. 9. “Ep. Antéd. et Celt. de Poitou,” pl. x. 7. _Rev. Arch._, vol xii., pl. xv., i.; _op. cit._, vol. xv., pl. viii. and x. Lindenschmit, “Hohenz. Samml.,” Taf. xliii., No. 12. I have an example that I bought in Florence.

[452] Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. Ac.,” p. 44.

[453] “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 6.

[454] _Journ. Ethn. Soc._, vol. ii. p. 157.

[455] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xxxix. p. 344.

[456] “South Wilts,” p. 75. _Arch._, vol. xv. p. 122.

[457] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. vi. p. 3.

[458] _Arch. Journ._, vol. x. p. 161.

[459] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. iv. p. 396.

[460] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. vi. 48.

[461] _Arch. Journ._, vol. vi. p. 17; xvii. 170.

[462] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xii. p. 177.

[463] _Sussex Arch. Coll._, vol. ii. p. 258.

[464] _Arch._, vol. xix. p. 183.

[465] _Surrey Arch. Coll._, 1868, pl. iii. 6.

[466] “Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. i. pl. lvii.

[467] “Durobrivæ,” pl. xxix. 4.

[468] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. i. p. 249.

[469] Douglas, “Nænia,” p. 92.

[470] _Rev. Arch._, vol. xx. p. 322.

[471] _Rev. Arch._, vol. iv. p. 484.

[472] _Ann. for Nordisk Oldkynd._, 1838–9, p. 176.

[473] _Cong. Intern. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Préh._, 1867, p. 119.

[474] Kirchner has collected a number of cases.—“Thor’s Donner-Keil,” p. 27.

[475] “Dictionarium Saxonico-et Gothico-Latinum,” _s. v._

[476] “Twybyl, a wryhtys instrument,” is in the “Promptorium Parvulorum” translated _bisacuta_ or _biceps_, and “Twybyl or mattoke,” _Marra_, or _ligo_.

[477] 1855, vol. ii. p. 811.

[478] Vol. xi., 1876, p. 385.

[479] _Mitth. d. Anth. Gesellsch. in Wien_, vol. vii., 1878, p. 7.

[480] O’Curry, “Mann. and Cust. of the Anc. Irish,” vol. i. p. cccclviii.

[481] Wright’s “The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon,” p. 72.

[482] “Stone Age,” p. 73.

[483] “Georg.,” lib. i. 62.

[484] See p. 105 _supra_.

[485] A woodcut of these is given in the _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. iv. p. 105. The objects are now in the British Museum.

[486] “South Wilts,” p. 85.